ES2323620B2 - SYSTEM FOR THE PREPARATION, ASSEMBLY AND MANUFACTURE OF MODULAR ELEMENTS ON THE WORK. - Google Patents

Abstract

System for the preparation, assembly and manufacture of modular elements on site, according to which It provides for at least one factory located on site, capable of allow the realization in it of a series of elements or modules specific to the building or construction without the need for set up a workshop, whose work areas are all arranged in lathe or along a platform (1), provided with means of rolling (2) that provide mobility to move from work in construction.

Description

System for the preparation, assembly and manufacture of modular elements on site.

Object of the invention

The construction industry supports the fame of being an outdated industry, there are even those who question their Industry character He is accused of using systems of Millennial construction and especially that its use has not evolved sufficiently towards ways of building industrialized

It is a peculiar industry, which uses systems that have supported the critique of time, which develops on minimum cost budgets (the high cost of buildings usually has much more to do with speculation of the land that with the cost of the building itself), able to provide less labor activity qualified and prepared of the society, to produce products of great durability and flexibility, adapted to many different cultural environments and that also constitute true prototypes that nevertheless work remarkably well in set.

Background of the invention

In the last 50 years, construction has experienced an important industrial advance in two directions. On the one hand numerous new materials and systems have appeared, product of general industrial progress in other areas of the industry. On the other hand, work on site has experienced a Accelerated mechanization process that, in developed countries, the workforce in the pit has decreased greatly, and also improved the working conditions of the labor force that persists.

To better understand the role than in the construction can represent a mobile construction factory, it helps to compare the current construction industry with that of car, in which there is an assembly factory where assemble components that have been manufactured in other factories and transported to the assembly factory, where the different components are assembled sequentially to form as final product the finished car. Today, the components they arrive at the assembly factory, with an anticipation time minimum and do not require prior storage in it. Also, in the assembly line, different models of the brand are assembled, with different customizations, as it is usual to make the car About the specific order (color and different options) of buyer.

With this system you get a production massive car, "just in time" and on request. He automobile, it is a product of small size, of great value and mobile, So it is easily transportable to your final destination.

In traditional building construction, the scheme has some similarities and notable differences too:

The similar thing is that the buildings are they build with manufactured materials and components, mostly part, in places and factories outside the work and are transported to the work to be placed in it.

The differences begin in that the work is a true assembly factory, unique for each building, that is, a factory that produces a single product, the building. This means that for each building it has been necessary to install a new assembly factory, which at the end of the work has had to be dismantled The cause of this is that the product produced, It is large and fixed (not mobile) and also, in proportion to its size, of less value than the car.

Anyone can understand that construction of buildings is much harder to industrialize than the car manufacturing To this we must add, that cars are manufactured in a limited range of models with customization options also limited. Conversely, each building is different from the others, and in the vast majority of The cases constitute a unique prototype.

An attempt to industrialize construction is the so-called "modular construction". In this system, it is divided the building in smaller three-dimensional fragments, which are produced in an assembly factory, similar to those automobiles, from components manufactured and transported from other external factories. The different fragments like this produced are then transported to the site and mounted there forming the building

With this being a serious attempt to industrialize building construction has had little success for several Causes. On the one hand, the fragments in which the building is subdivided nor can they be as small as a car or have their own value As tall as this. This causes two types of problems:

to)

Transportation restrictions force divide the building in modules of insufficient width for some building rooms, which creates design difficulty and restricts the flexibility of the system in this regard.

b)

Despite this, the modules pose problems of transport, especially when it comes to sea transport, due to the impossibility of introducing the modules in containers of The usual sizes.

C)

The high cost of transportation requires transport modules of great value, if you do not want to have implications of the cost of transport on the modules transported to make them economically unviable

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On the other hand, the system requires mounting on  work that does not exist in the automobile industry and that still taxes Plus the system.

In order to avoid transport costs, when the distance to be transported is considerable, the number of elements to be manufactured is sufficient, and the space available on site allows, today prefabrication plants and workshops are mounted On foot.

The decision is simple, just compare the transport costs of the elements to be manufactured, from the nearest external factory, and compare them with the costs of implementation and dismantling (at the end of the work) of a plant Prefabrication on site.

Description of the invention

It's about replacing this practice of installing a factory on site, for precast concrete, for partition walls and for various other work elements by a mobile factory, capable of moving from one work to another with minimum costs

The number of elements or components of a building that can be manufactured at the factory on site is very large. Among them are certain cores (which are usually located next to certain walls) of vertical installations of water, drains, ventilation and smoke evacuation, which serve bathrooms, kitchens and " wet areas " of buildings. For this, said nuclei are subdivided into portions or modules that correspond to each of the floors of the building. Manufactured these modules, they are mounted connecting each of them with the immediate superior and inferior.

The use of this construction system based  in small mobile factories located on site it allows:

to)

The creation of a suitable environment for manufacturing on site

b)

The mechanization and rationalization of the work of production.

C)

The mobility of the factory itself.

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But also, a mobile factory, gathers all the  Advantages of factory work versus work on site: creation of a healthier, safer and more controlled work environment, which translates into an improvement in working conditions, of product quality, and system productivity.

The most relevant general characteristics of The mobile factory derive from its own concept. The main Features of the mobile factory are:

a) Flexibility

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\ vtcortauna Of homework The workflow that is carried out can vary depending on the activity to be carried out, the material to be processed and the tools contained in the mobile factory that must be used.

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\ vtcortauna Of products. The machines and tools contained in the mobile factory must be prepared to process different types of materials.

b) Mobility

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\ vtcortauna The mobile factory can be transported by a common vehicle, that is, it must not have the category of special transport due to its dimensions.

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\ vtcortauna All necessary machinery and tools can be transported in a standardized container.

c) Autonomy

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\ vtcortauna The operation of the mobile factory must have the greatest possible autonomy. The human factor must be minimal in its operation, limited only to planning and supervision tasks.

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\ vtcortauna The mobile factory must operate with energy generated by its own power supply, that is, it is energy independent.

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d) Automation

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\ vtcortauna The machines and tools used in the mobile factory must be fully automated and do not require any kind of human intervention for their operation.

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\ vtcortauna All the tasks carried out by the mobile factory must be performed automatically.

e) Robotized

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\ vtcortauna The use of manipulative robots provides great flexibility to the flow of tasks and the type of operations that can be performed in the mobile factory, since these types of industrial robots are general purpose.

f) Reconfigurable

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\ vtcortauna The sequence of tasks that can be carried out in the mobile factory must be reconfigurable through a design and production planning software.

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\ vtcortauna There should also be the possibility that the mobile factory can be reconfigured physically to adapt to the type of production that must be carried out.

g) Security

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\ vtcortauna The mobile factory must provide a safe and healthy working environment.

Description of the figures

To complement the description that is being performing and in order to facilitate the understanding of characteristics of the invention, is attached herein descriptive a set of drawings in which, with character Illustrative and not limiting, the following has been represented:

Figure 1 represents a plan view, in deployed position, of a factory designed for the execution of this system.

Figure 2 represents an elevation view of This factory mounted on a tow vehicle.

Preferred Embodiment of the Invention

This system of preparation, assembly and Manufacturing of modular elements on site is based on the use of mobile factories that allow to produce or assemble very various work elements, without requiring large size Factory Specifically, the figures show a factory for the manufacture of elements or modules with a large concentration of water facilities that located in certain points, next to certain walls lowers the execution of said facilities thanks to its simplification and also, later, maintenance is facilitated.

These facilities are complex, because they group the installation of cold water, that of hot water with its return circuit, and that of drains, and next to them usually have a forced ventilation and evacuation installation of fumes, if the core of facilities serves, among others rooms, to the kitchens. The traditional execution of these Facilities cores are manual and laborious, consuming a significant amount of labor hours, so if the volume of work (number of homes) allows, a design is designed module of installations by plant of the mentioned nucleus, that later It is prefabricated in the factory located on site. In this way, in the building these modules are placed without more operation than connect them together.

The mobile factory to make these modules of facilities in work works several materials, demonstrating its interchangeable character that is an important aspect of your flexibility of use, in addition to its mobility.

As seen in the example of represented embodiment, this factory comprises a series of facilities or work areas all mounted around or on the platform of a vehicle (1), provided with means of rolling (2) for movement by a tractor. This platform integrates two feeders of base products, by example connectors (3) and tubes (4) when it is an area of the type commented above, a table of pre-assembly (5) above which it is placed a robot arm (6) that performs in an automated and programmed way the most elementary tasks of welding and assembly. TO a rotary fixing table (7) and a finishing area (8), with its corresponding work area (9), from which the prefabricated module is removed from the Exterior.

Finally, we summarize the aspects Innovators already mentioned, that about work practices currently has the use of the mobile factory for manufacturing to 3-dimensional module workforce for vertical cores of facilities in buildings.

The first innovation is the creation on foot of work of a field of work of a factory outside the work, with the advantages of a healthier, safer and controlled environment that the proper of a work and with the corresponding improvement in the working conditions of the worker, in the quality of the product and in the productivity of the system.

The second innovation, about prefabrication external to the work, is the elimination of transportation of prefabricated elements until the work, with the correlative elimination of the corresponding transport costs.

The third innovation, about prefabrication a  Current workforce by implementing a workshop prefabrication on site, is the elimination of time and implementation and dismantling costs of said workshop prefabrication.

The fourth and last innovation, which emerges from the previous ones, it is the flexibility to move from One work to another depending on the needs.

Once nature is sufficiently described of the invention, as well as a preferred embodiment, for the appropriate purposes that the materials, form, size and arrangement of the elements described may be modified, as long as this does not involve an alteration of the essential features of the invention claimed in continuation.

Claims (9)

1. System for the preparation, assembly and manufacturing of modular elements on site, characterized in that at least one factory is planned for its development, capable of allowing the realization of a series of elements or specific modules of the building or construction without the need to set up a workshop, whose work areas are all arranged around or along a platform, provided with rolling means that provide mobility to move from work to work. 2. System, according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the factory that is intended for its development comprises at least three different areas of work: a) a feed and preprocessed area of materials; b) an area composed of a robotic assembly cell; and c) an area for inspection, final finishing and delivery of the finished module. 3. System, according to the preceding claims, characterized by the product obtained in the factory in which this system is developed is a completely finished product, which does not need any assembly task of the final product. 4. System, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the mobile factory that integrates it is autonomous in power supply, being provided with a power generation system that allows it to operate independently of the power supply conditions of the place of job. 5. System, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the mobile factory that integrates it is provided with a control center installed therein with which the production process is supervised and modified, said control center presented a communications system with a Design office connected remotely with the plant. 6. System, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that in at least one factory of those provided in this system modules are manufactured in which there is a concentration of installations with water, which make up one module per plant in which they are incorporated during the process The hot and cold water circuits, together with the drains, the ventilation system and the smoke evacuation system, which, once connected to each other, form a vertical core of the building's facilities. 7. System according to claim 6, characterized in that said factory has means for feeding and cutting tubular parts, where the tubular parts are cut to the appropriate extent automatically, an area of arrangement of connectors and a zone of preassembled, arranging in it the connectors classified so as to facilitate the automated process to be taken to the preassembled area for its previous union with a tubular piece. 8. System, according to claims 6 and 7, characterized in that said factory has a robotic cell has an ABB IRB2400 industrial robot and a rotating work table where the installation module is assembled. The main feature of this cell is the fixation of the module ("fixture"). It is necessary to fix the structure to the table. Normally this fixation is a mechanical system previously made and in which the pieces are arranged for joining. In this cell the fixation is included in the design of the module and within the assembly process. The structure is self-supporting and acts of fixation ("Self-fixturing"). The assembly process is, in turn, fixing. 9. System, according to claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the robotic cell has a tool exchange system that allows the performance of different tasks associated with the realization of a complete and fully finished product.