ES2327557T3 - Sistema de filtro percutaneo. - Google Patents
Sistema de filtro percutaneo. Download PDFInfo
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- ES2327557T3 ES2327557T3 ES06019550T ES06019550T ES2327557T3 ES 2327557 T3 ES2327557 T3 ES 2327557T3 ES 06019550 T ES06019550 T ES 06019550T ES 06019550 T ES06019550 T ES 06019550T ES 2327557 T3 ES2327557 T3 ES 2327557T3
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- filter
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
- A61M25/09—Guide wires
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/01—Filters implantable into blood vessels
- A61F2/013—Distal protection devices, i.e. devices placed distally in combination with another endovascular procedure, e.g. angioplasty or stenting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/01—Filters implantable into blood vessels
- A61F2/011—Instruments for their placement or removal
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/95—Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts
- A61F2/958—Inflatable balloons for placing stents or stent-grafts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/01—Filters implantable into blood vessels
- A61F2002/018—Filters implantable into blood vessels made from tubes or sheets of material, e.g. by etching or laser-cutting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2230/00—Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2230/0002—Two-dimensional shapes, e.g. cross-sections
- A61F2230/0004—Rounded shapes, e.g. with rounded corners
- A61F2230/0006—Rounded shapes, e.g. with rounded corners circular
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2230/00—Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2230/0063—Three-dimensional shapes
- A61F2230/0067—Three-dimensional shapes conical
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2230/00—Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2230/0063—Three-dimensional shapes
- A61F2230/0073—Quadric-shaped
- A61F2230/008—Quadric-shaped paraboloidal
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
- A61M2025/0183—Rapid exchange or monorail catheters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/01—Introducing, guiding, advancing, emplacing or holding catheters
- A61M25/09—Guide wires
- A61M2025/09175—Guide wires having specific characteristics at the distal tip
- A61M2025/09183—Guide wires having specific characteristics at the distal tip having tools at the distal tip
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M25/00—Catheters; Hollow probes
- A61M25/10—Balloon catheters
- A61M25/104—Balloon catheters used for angioplasty
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Surgical Instruments (AREA)
- Media Introduction/Drainage Providing Device (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
- Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
- Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
- Package Frames And Binding Bands (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Measurement And Recording Of Electrical Phenomena And Electrical Characteristics Of The Living Body (AREA)
- Amplifiers (AREA)
Abstract
Sistema de filtro percutáneo, que comprende: un cable de guía (30); un cable de soporte (10) que tiene un extremo proximal, un extremo distal, una zona distal (11) y un filtro expansible (20) montado en la zona distal (11) del cable de soporte (10), estando adaptado el cable de soporte (10) para recibir un instrumento médico percutáneo que se introduce sobre el cable de soporte y que se hace avanzar hasta una zona de interés; y caracterizado por una funda que cubre el cable de soporte (10) y el filtro (20) y que puede ser retirada con respecto al filtro, teniendo la funda un extremo proximal, un extremo distal y una zona distal, teniendo la zona distal un conducto (51) que soporta en su interior el filtro (20) y una abertura adaptada para el paso del cable de guía (30), en el que, durante su utilización, el cable de guía está adaptado para ser situado en un vaso en una zona de interés, estando adaptada la funda que soporta el cable de soporte (10) para hacerla avanzar a lo largo del cable de guía hasta que el filtro (20) alcanza la zona de interés, y estando adaptada la funda para ser retirada a continuación y dejar el filtro (20) al descubierto.
Description
Sistema de filtro percutáneo.
La presente invención se refiere de manera
general a dispositivos y métodos para la disposición temporal de un
filtro en un vaso sanguíneo. De manera más específica, la invención
da a conocer un sistema de cable de guía para la recogida de
material embólico en una arteria o vena durante una intervención
intravascular. El sistema también incluye un cable de soporte para
dirigir y/o intercambiar otros dispositivos "por cable", tales
como una angioplastia, una aterectomía, o catéteres de implantación
de stent, en una zona de interés en el interior del vaso.
Recientemente, se ha comprobado que el
tratamiento de lesiones trombóticas o ateroscleróticas en vasos
sanguíneos mediante intervención intravascular resulta una
alternativa eficaz y fiable a una intervención quirúrgica en
pacientes seleccionados. Por ejemplo, la aterectomía direccional y
la angioplastia coronaria transluminal percutánea (PTCA) con o sin
implantación de stent son útiles en el tratamiento de pacientes con
oclusión coronaria. La aterectomía elimina físicamente la placa de
las arterias ateroscleróticas cortándola, pulverizándola o
raspándola mediante la utilización de un dispositivo de
endarterectomía, aplicable mediante un catéter. La angioplastia
aumenta el diámetro luminal de un vaso estenótico, ejerciendo fuerza
mecánica sobre las paredes de dicho vaso. Además de la utilización
de la angioplastia, la implantación de stent y/o la aterectomía en
la vasculatura coronaria, dichas técnicas intravasculares también
han demostrado ser útiles en el tratamiento de otras lesiones
vasculares, por ejemplo, en estenosis de la arteria carótida,
enfermedad oclusiva arterial periférica (especialmente en la aorta,
la arteria ilíaca y la arteria femoral), estenosis de la arteria
renal provocada por aterosclerosis o enfermedad fibromuscular,
síndrome de la vena cava superior y trombosis oclusiva de la vena
ilíaca resistente a la trombolisis.
Es bien conocido que una de las complicaciones
asociadas a las técnicas intravasculares es el desprendimiento de
materiales embólicos generados durante la manipulación del vaso,
provocando de este modo la oclusión de los vasos más estrechos
situados corriente abajo y la isquemia o infarto del órgano que
irriga dicho vaso. En 1995, Waksman et al. publicaban que la
embolización distal resulta habitual después de realizar
aterectomías direccionales en arterias coronarias e injertos en la
vena safena. Consultar Waksman et al., American Heart
Journal 129(3): 430-5 (1995). Dicho estudio
confirmaba que se produce embolización distal en un 28% (31 de 111)
de los pacientes que son sometidos a aterectomía. En enero de 1999,
Jordan, Jr. et al. publicaban que el tratamiento de la
estenosis carotídea mediante la utilización de angioplastia
percutánea con implantación de stent está asociado con una
probabilidad ocho veces mayor de aparición de microembolias en
comparación con la utilización de endarterectomía carotídea.
Consultar Jordan, Jr., et al. Cardiovascular surgery
7(1): 33-8 (1999). Se ha comprobado que, las
microembolias, detectadas mediante una exploración Doppler
transcraneal en este estudio, resultan una causa potencial de
ataque. Los materiales embólicos incluyen calcio, residuos
intimales, placa de ateroma, trombos y/o aire.
Existen varios dispositivos diseñados para
filtrar la sangre a efectos de recoger émbolos vasculares. La gran
mayoría de dichos dispositivos están diseñados para una disposición
permanente en las venas, a efectos de evitar embolias pulmonares.
En la patente de Estados Unidos número 5.053.008, a nombre de Bajaj,
se da a conocer un dispositivo de filtro venoso temporal.
El dispositivo de Bajaj es un catéter de
disposición temporal en el tronco pulmonar de un paciente con
predisposición a embolismo, debido, por ejemplo, a cirugía de
cadera, lesiones mayores, cirugía mayor abdominal o pélvica o
inmovilización. El dispositivo de Bajaj incluye un paraguas con
estructura de malla que recoge émbolos venosos antes de que los
mismos vayan a parar a los pulmones. Dicho dispositivo está diseñado
para el filtrado venoso y no es adecuado para su utilización
arterial, debido a las diferencias hemodinámicas entre las arterias
y las venas.
Existen muy pocos dispositivos intravasculares
diseñados para su utilización arterial. Las arterias son mucho más
flexibles y elásticas que las venas y, en las arterias, el flujo de
sangre es pulsátil, con grandes variaciones de presión entre el
flujo sistólico y diastólico. Estas variaciones de presión provocan
que las paredes de la arteria se expandan y se contraigan. El
caudal de sangre en las arterias varía aproximadamente de 1 a 5
L/min. La patente de Estados Unidos número 4.873.978, a nombre de
Ginsburg, da a conocer un sistema de filtrado arterial, que incluye
un catéter con un dispositivo de filtro en su extremo distal. Dicho
dispositivo se introduce en el vaso corriente abajo con respecto a
la zona de tratamiento y, después del tratamiento, el filtro se
repliega alrededor del émbolo a recoger y es extraído del cuerpo. El
dispositivo de Ginsburg no podría soportar caudales de 5 L/min. El
mismo está diseñado solamente para arterias pequeñas y, por lo
tanto, no podría recoger émbolos que irían a parar a todas las
partes del cuerpo. La patente alemana DE 34 17 738, a nombre de Ing.
Walter Hengst GmbH & Co, da a conocer también otro filtro
arterial que tiene un sistema de conexión de plegado que transforma
el filtro de un estado replegado a un estado extendido.
Se han propuesto filtros montados en el extremo
distal de cables de guía para el filtrado de sangre intravascular.
La mayoría de dichos dispositivos incluyen un filtro que se fija a
un cable de guía y que es accionado mecánicamente a través de unos
tirantes, o una cesta conformada previamente que se dispone en el
vaso. Estos filtros consisten normalmente en "paracaídas" con
estructura de malla que están fijados al eje del cable por su
extremo distal, y a unos tirantes de cable que se extienden hacia
afuera en dirección radial en su extremo proximal. Los tirantes
radiales abren el extremo proximal del filtro hacia la pared del
vaso. La sangre que circula a través del vaso es forzada a pasar a
través de la malla, siendo recogido de este modo el material
embólico en el filtro. Dichos dispositivos son auto dirigibles, y
pueden ser dispuestos intravascularmente. No obstante, una
desventaja principal asociada con los dispositivos actuales es que
la capacidad de dirigir el cable de guía puede verse alterada en
comparación con los cables de guía convencionales debido al tamaño
del filtro. El cable puede doblarse, enroscarse y/o enrollarse en
el vaso, haciendo difícil la introducción del filtro a través de una
lesión vascular compleja.
Durante las intervenciones intravasculares, no
resulta poco frecuente cambiar un dispositivo intravascular por
otro sobre el cable de guía. No obstante, con frecuencia, la
posición del cable de guía se pierde o resulta comprometida durante
el intercambio de dichos dispositivos. Por ejemplo, durante una
revascularización coronaria, con frecuencia resulta necesario
cambiar un catéter de guía por otro catéter de guía que comprende
diferentes características, por ejemplo, una guía de diámetro
superior para la aplicación de un dispositivo de angioplastia
específico, una guía de diámetro inferior para evitar una intubación
profunda y/o una caída de presión, una forma de guía diferente o un
catéter de guía que comprende orificios laterales. Es sabido que
existen pocas maniobras de intervención tan difíciles como intentar
mantener un acceso de cable de guía distal al mismo tiempo que se
intenta intercambiar un catéter de guía por otro sin comprometer la
posición de dicho cable de guía.
Resultan necesarios sistemas de filtrado de
sangre y de cable de guía sencillos y seguros, que pueden ser
dispuestos temporalmente en las arterias y las venas para evitar la
embolización distal durante intervenciones intravasculares, y que
pueden ser utilizados para introducir y/o intercambiar diversos
instrumentos en una zona de interés sin comprometer la posición del
filtro o cable de guía. Los dispositivos existentes no resultan
adecuados a tal efecto.
El documento US 4.790.812 describe un
dispositivo y un método para extraer un objeto de una vía de paso
del cuerpo. El documento US 4.824.435 describe un sistema de guía
de instrumentos para guiar elementos flexibles alargados en el
interior de pasos tortuosos del cuerpo. El documento EP 0 348 692 A1
describe un dispositivo para introducir catéteres, electrodos
médicos o similares en una vena o arteria mediante un cable de guía
y una guía de deslizamiento que es deslizable por dicho cable de
guía.
La presente invención da a conocer dispositivos
para la introducción de dispositivos intravasculares, por ejemplo,
catéteres de guía, catéteres de aterectomía, catéteres de
angioplastia, catéteres de ultrasonidos intravasculares, o
catéteres de implantación de stent, y para proteger al paciente de
la embolización distal durante intervenciones cardiovasculares. De
manera más específica, se da a conocer un sistema de filtro guiado
con un cable de soporte para recoger material embólico generado
durante la intervención, y para dirigir o intercambiar otros
dispositivos en una zona de interés en una arteria o vena. La
presente invención está definida por las características de las
reivindicaciones.
En una realización, el sistema de filtro
comprende un cable de guía y un cable de soporte con un filtro
expansible, por ejemplo, un paracaídas, una cesta o una voluta,
montado en una zona distal de dicho cable de soporte. El cable de
soporte está adaptado para su introducción percutánea en una arteria
o vena, y está adaptado para recibir un instrumento intravascular.
La zona distal del cable de soporte incluye una guía de cable, que
se acopla de manera deslizante al cable de guía. En algunas
realizaciones, la guía de cable comprende un anillo que tiene una
abertura adaptada para recibir el cable de guía.
En otra realización, el filtro comprende una
estructura de expansión y una malla dispuesta sobre dicha
estructura. El filtro puede disponerse en estado plegado para
facilitar su introducción en un vaso y en estado desplegado para
recoger material embólico en dicho vaso. En algunas realizaciones,
la estructura comprende un pluralidad de tirantes asociados al
cable de guía por un primer extremo, y dichos tirantes se extienden
radialmente hacia afuera en un segundo extremo. La construcción y
utilización de los medios de expansión y de la malla de filtro
asociada se describen exhaustivamente en aplicaciones anteriores,
que incluyen la patente de Estados Unidos número 5.650.126, a
nombre de Barbut et al., presentada el 7 de noviembre de
1995, la solicitud de patente de Estados Unidos número 08/580.223,
a nombre de Barbut et al., presentada el 28 de diciembre de
1995, la solicitud de patente de Estados Unidos número 08/584.759,
a nombre de Barbut et al., presentada el 9 de enero de 1996,
la patente de Estados Unidos número 5.769.816, a nombre de Barbut
et al., presentada el 30 de abril de 1996, la solicitud de
patente de Estados Unidos número 08/645,762, a nombre de Barbut
et al., presentada el 14 de mayo de 1996, y la patente de
Estados Unidos número 5.662.671, a nombre de Barbut et
al.
Los métodos que pueden ser llevados a cabo
mediante la utilización de un dispositivo según la presente
invención incluyen la aplicación de un instrumento médico
percutáneo durante una intervención intravascular para eliminar
placa y/o trombos de la arteria coronaria, aorta, arteria carótida
común, arterias carótidas externa e interna, tronco
braquiocefálico, arteria cerebral media, arteria basilar, arteria
subclavia, arteria braquial, arteria axilar, arteria ilíaca,
arteria renal, arteria femoral, arteria poplítea, arteria celíaca,
arteria mesentérica superior, arteria mesentérica inferior, arteria
tibial anterior, arteria tibial posterior y todas las arterias
restantes que transportan sangre oxigenada. Los métodos incluyen
además la prevención de la embolización distal durante una
intervención intravascular, eliminando los trombos y/o cuerpos
extraños de la sangre que circula en las venas, incluyendo la vena
cava superior, vena cava inferior, venas yugulares externa e
interna, vena braquiocefálica, arteria pulmonar, vena subclavia,
vena braquial, vena axilar, vena ilíaca, vena renal, vena femoral,
vena femoral profunda, vena safena mayor, vena portal, vena
esplénica, vena hepática y vena ácigos.
En un primer método de utilización del sistema
de filtro guiado, el extremo distal del cable de guía se introduce
de manera percutánea a través de una arteria o vena y se hace
avanzar hacia el interior de una zona de interés o más allá de la
misma, normalmente una lesión estenótica provocada por una
acumulación de placa aterosclerótica y/o trombos. En estado
plegado, el filtro y la zona distal del cable de soporte se hacen
avanzar sobre el cable de guía, con la guía de cable de dicho cable
de soporte acoplada a dicho cable de guía, es decir, como un
catéter monorraíl acoplado a un cable de guía. El filtro se extiende
corriente abajo con respecto a la oclusión vascular, y el cable de
guía se retira y es extraído del cuerpo. La zona distal de un
dispositivo intravascular, tal como una aterectomía, una
implantación de stent o un catéter de angioplastia, se introduce
sobre el cable de soporte y se hace avanzar hacia la zona de
interés. Después de que la lesión estenótica es eliminada o tratada
de otra manera por el dispositivo intravascular y se establece un
diámetro luminal adecuado, el filtro se pliega y es extraído del
vaso retirando el cable de soporte, conjuntamente con los residuos
embólicos recogidos.
En otro método, después de que el cable de guía
y el cable de soporte con el filtro extendido se disponen en un
vaso distal con respecto a la zona de interés, el dispositivo
intravascular se introduce sobre dicho cable de guía y dicho cable
de soporte para ser situado en dicha zona de interés. Durante
ciertas intervenciones cardiovasculares, especialmente
revascularización coronaria, el intercambio de instrumentos y
catéteres intravasculares resulta necesario, y es difícil llevarlo
a cabo debido a que la disposición inicial del cable de guía a
través de la zona de interés se pierde con frecuencia cuando se
retira el primer dispositivo. Mediante la utilización del sistema
de filtro guiado, el cable de guía y el cable de soporte se hacen
avanzar ambos de manera distal con respecto a la zona de interés.
Si se pierde la posición del cable de guía al retirar el primer
dispositivo, es posible hacer avanzar el segundo dispositivo de
recambio sobre el cable de soporte, a efectos de situarlo en la
zona de interés.
Se entenderá que existen ciertas desventajas en
la utilización de los dispositivos y métodos descritos para la
recogida y eliminación de residuos embólicos durante intervenciones
intravasculares. Por ejemplo, el sistema de filtro guiado (1)
resulta especialmente indicado para el filtrado temporal de la
sangre en cualquier vaso, a efectos de recoger residuos embólicos,
minimizando de este modo complicaciones neurológicas, cognitivas y
cardíacas asociadas con la embolización distal, (2) puede soportar
un caudal de sangre arterial elevado durante un periodo de tiempo
largo, (3) incluye una malla que es suficientemente porosa para
permitir una circulación adecuada de la sangre en un vaso
sanguíneo, recogiendo al mismo tiempo los émbolos, (4) puede ser
utilizado para dirigir un catéter intravascular hacia una zona de
interés en el vaso, (5) puede ser utilizado para intercambiar
instrumentos médicos sin comprometer la posición del cable de guía,
y (6) puede ser utilizado en pacientes adultos e infantiles.
La figura 1a muestra el cable de guía y el cable
de soporte en el interior de un catéter de intercambio rápido.
La figura 1b muestra el catéter de la figura 1a
aplicado sobre una lesión ateromatosa en un vaso.
La figura 1c muestra el cable de guía y el cable
de soporte en el interior de un catéter de intercambio rápido.
La figura 1d muestra el cable de guía y el cable
de soporte en el interior de un catéter de intercambio rápido.
La figura 1e muestra el cable de guía y el cable
de soporte en el interior de un catéter de intercambio rápido.
La figura 2A muestra una realización de un
extremo distal del cable de guía.
La figura 2B muestra una realización alternativa
del extremo distal del cable de guía.
La figura 2C muestra otra realización
alternativa del extremo distal del cable de guía.
La figura 3A muestra otra realización del
filtro, con forma de paracaídas.
La figura 3B muestra otra realización del
filtro, con forma de batidora.
La figura 4A muestra un cable de guía
introducido a través de una oclusión vascular.
La figura 4C muestra un catéter de angioplastia
introducido sobre el cable de soporte.
La figura 4D muestra un catéter de angioplastia
introducido sobre el cable de guía y el cable de soporte.
El sistema de filtro incluye un cable de soporte
10 que tiene un extremo proximal, una zona distal 11 y un filtro
expansible 20 montado en dicha zona distal. El filtro comprende una
estructura de expansión 22 y una malla 25 soldada por ultrasonidos
o unida mediante adhesivo a unos tirantes 28 de dicha estructura de
expansión. Es posible aplicar anticoagulantes, tales como heparina
y heparinoides, en la malla 25 para reducir la formación de trombos
en dicha malla.
En una realización, el filtro de la invención
incluye una funda de recogida que cubre el filtro y puede ser
retirada con respecto a dicho filtro, teniendo dicha funda un paso
en su zona distal adaptado para recibir el cable de guía de la
misma manera que un catéter de intercambio rápido. En la figura 1a,
el cable de soporte 10 se introduce en el conducto 51 de un catéter
de intercambio rápido 50. El catéter incluye un paso lateral 60 en
su zona distal, adaptado para recibir el cable de guía 30. En la
figura 1c, el catéter incluye un corte 61 que recibe el cable de
guía 30. En la figura 1d, el elemento alargado 70 soporta un
segmento tubular 75 que tiene un corte 77 en una zona distal de
dicho elemento alargado 70. El segmento tubular actúa como una
funda de recogida para el filtro, mientras que el corte recibe el
cable de guía. En la figura 1e, el elemento alargado 70 soporta un
primer y un segundo segmentos tubulares 75 y 79, adaptados para
recibir el filtro y el cable de guía, respectivamente.
Durante su utilización, el cable de guía 30 es
introducido en primer lugar en un vaso y se hace avanzar de manera
distal con respecto a la zona de interés. El catéter, que soporta el
filtro en el conducto 51, se introduce sobre el cable de guía, y
dicho cable de guía queda acoplado a través del paso lateral 60. El
filtro se hace avanzar de manera distal, pasando la lesión
ateromatosa 100. A continuación, el cable de guía puede ser retirado
y el catéter 50 puede ser desplazado proximalmente, dejando dicho
catéter y el filtro introducido en el vaso en la posición mostrada
en la figura 1b. Posteriormente, el catéter 50 es extraído del vaso.
La estructura de expansión 22 se extiende para recoger materiales
embólicos corriente abajo con respecto a la lesión ateromatosa. Un
dispositivo intravascular, tal como un catéter de angioplastia con o
sin implantación de stent, puede ser introducido sobre el cable de
soporte 10 para quedar dispuesto de manera adyacente al ateroma 100.
Después de realizar intervenciones vasculares con el dispositivo o
dispositivos intravasculares, dicho dispositivo o dispositivos son
retirados y extraídos del vaso. A continuación, el filtro con los
émbolos recogidos se pliega y se extrae.
El sistema de filtro también incluye un cable de
guía 30 que tiene un extremo proximal y un extremo distal 33. El
sistema de filtro incluye además dispositivos intravasculares, tales
como catéteres de aterectomía, dispositivos de visualización
intravasculares, catéteres de implantación de stent, catéteres de
angioplastia, monitores de presión, catéteres de electrofisiología
y aspiradores, adaptados para recibir el cable de guía 30 y/o el
cable de soporte 10 en sus conductos.
En las figuras 2A, 2B y 2C se muestran
diferentes construcciones del extremo distal 33 del cable de guía.
El extremo distal 33 puede adoptar una configuración sustancialmente
lineal con respecto al extremo proximal del cable de guía, tal como
se muestra en la figura 2A. De manera alternativa, el extremo distal
33 puede adoptar una configuración angular con respecto al extremo
proximal del cable de guía, tal como se muestra en la figura 2A. El
extremo distal 33 puede tener forma de anzuelo, tal como se muestra
en la figura 2C. La zona distal del cable de guía puede estar
constituida por un material flexible, a efectos de facilitar su
entrada a través de una zona de interés, y está equipada
preferiblemente con una punta atraumática, conocida en la técnica.
Las realizaciones de las figuras 2B y 2C, que tienen un diseño
curvilíneo, resultan especialmente útiles para acceder a una lesión
compleja en un vaso tortuoso.
Las figuras 3A y 3B muestran realizaciones
alternativas del filtro expansible 20 montado en la zona distal del
cable de soporte 10. En la figura 3A, el filtro 20 comprende una
estructura de paracaídas, y una malla 25 que está soldada (por
ejemplo, por ultrasonidos o por láser) o unida mediante adhesivo a
los tirantes 28. En la figura 3B, el filtro 20 comprende unos
tirantes comprimibles 22 y una malla 25. En estado extendido, el
filtro 20 adopta forma de
batidora.
batidora.
A título de ejemplo, cuando se pretende utilizar
el sistema de filtro descrito en la aorta, la superficie de malla
necesaria para el dispositivo se calcula a partir de la ecuación de
Bernoulli, descrita en nuestras solicitudes anteriores, que
incluyen la patente de Estados Unidos número 5.650.126, a nombre de
Barbut et al., presentada el 7 de noviembre de 1995, la
solicitud de patente de Estados Unidos número 08/580.223, a nombre
de Barbut et al., presentada el 28 de diciembre de 1995, la
solicitud de patente de Estados Unidos número 08/584.759, a nombre
de Barbut et al., presentada el 9 de enero de 1996, la
patente de Estados Unidos número 5.769.816, a nombre de Barbut
et al., presentada el 30 de abril de 1996, y la solicitud de
patente de Estados Unidos número 08/645,762, a nombre de Barbut
et al., presentada el 14 de mayo de 1996.
En una realización del sistema de filtro guiado
para su utilización en la aorta, es deseable una malla con unas
dimensiones dentro de los siguientes intervalos: la superficie de la
malla es 0,026-32 cm^{2} (0,004-5
pulgadas^{2}), más preferiblemente 0,045-26
cm^{2} (0,007-4 pulgadas^{2}), más
preferiblemente 0,064-19 cm^{2}
(0,010-3 pulgadas^{2}), más preferiblemente
0,097-13 cm^{2} (0,015-2
pulgadas^{2}), más preferiblemente 0,129-6,5
cm^{2} (0,020-1 pulgadas^{2}), más
preferiblemente 0,161-0,490 cm^{2}
(0,025-0,076 pulgadas^{2}); el grosor de la malla
es 60-280 \mum, más preferiblemente
70-270 \mum, más preferiblemente
80-260 \mum, más preferiblemente
90-250 \mum, más preferiblemente
100-250 \mum, más preferiblemente
120-230 \mum, más preferiblemente
140-210 \mum; el diámetro del filamento es
30-145 \mum, más preferiblemente
40-135 \mum, más preferiblemente
50-125 \mum, más preferiblemente
60-115 \mum, más preferiblemente
70-105 \mum, y el tamaño de los poros es 500
\mum o inferior, más preferiblemente 400 \mum o inferior, más
preferiblemente 300 \mum o inferior, más preferiblemente 200
\mum o inferior, más preferiblemente 100 \mum o inferior, más
preferiblemente 50 \mum o inferior, y normalmente al menos más
grande que un glóbulo rojo. En una realización preferida de la
invención, la superficie de la malla es 13-52
cm^{2} (2-8 pulgadas^{2}), el grosor de dicha
malla es 60-200 \mum, el diámetro del filamento es
30-100 \mum y el tamaño de los poros es
50-300 \mum. En otra realización preferida de la
invención, la superficie de la malla es 19-32
cm^{2} (3-5 pulgadas^{2}), el grosor de dicha
malla es 60-150 \mum, el diámetro del filamento es
50-80 \mum y el tamaño de los poros es
100-250 \mum. En otras realizaciones, el filtro
comprende una película delgada cortada por láser con unos orificios
para permitir el paso de la sangre. Las dimensiones habituales
incluyen un tamaño de los poros de 20-500 \mum,
un grosor de 0,0013-0,0076 centímetros
(0,0005-0,003 pulgadas), y una superficie
aproximadamente igual a la de las mallas descritas
anteriormente.
En otras realizaciones, el filtro comprende una
película delgada cortada por láser con unos orificios para permitir
la circulación de la sangre. Las dimensiones habituales incluyen un
tamaño de los poros de 20-500 \mum, un grosor de
0,0013-0,0076 centímetros
(0,0005-0,003 pulgadas), y una superficie
aproximadamente igual a la de las mallas descritas
anteriormente.
Una vez determinadas las características físicas
adecuadas, es posible encontrar una malla apropiada entre las
mallas estándar conocidas en la técnica. Por ejemplo, es posible
utilizar mallas de poliéster, tales como las mallas fabricadas por
Saati Corporations y Tetko Inc. Las mismas están disponibles en
forma laminar, y pueden ser cortadas y conformadas fácilmente en la
forma deseada. En una realización preferida, la malla se suelda
(por ejemplo, por ultrasonidos o por láser) o cose hasta obtener una
forma de cono. Otras mallas conocidas en la técnica, que presentan
las características físicas deseadas, también son adecuadas. Es
posible aplicar anticoagulantes, tales como heparina y
heparinoides, en la malla a efectos de reducir la posibilidad de
formación de coágulos en dicha malla. También es posible la
utilización de anticoagulantes distintos a los heparinoides, por
ejemplo anticuerpos monoclonales tales como ReoPro (Centocor). El
anticoagulante puede ser pintado o pulverizado sobre la malla.
También es posible utilizar un baño químico que comprende el
anticoagulante. También resulta posible la utilización de otros
métodos conocidos en la técnica para aplicar elementos químicos en
la malla.
Durante su utilización, tal como se muestra en
la figura 4A, el cable de guía 30 se introduce de manera percutánea
a través de una arteria o vena periférica y se hace avanzar,
normalmente en la dirección de la circulación de la sangre. No
obstante, el cable de guía 30 puede introducirse y hacerse avanzar
en dirección opuesta a la circulación sanguínea, por ejemplo, de
manera retrógrada a través de la aorta descendente, a efectos de
alcanzar la arteria coronaria. El extremo distal 33 del cable de
guía se hace pasar a través de la lesión oclusiva 100, normalmente
una placa ateromatosa, y se dispone de manera distal con respecto a
dicha oclusión.
La angioplastia transluminal ha demostrado ser
eficaz en el tratamiento de la estenosis arterial, así como de la
trombosis venosa oclusiva resistente a la trombolisis. Consultar
American Heart Journal, 125 (2 Pt 1): 362-6 (1993).
Un catéter de angioplastia 40, que tiene un globo de angioplastia 42
montado en la zona distal, se introduce sobre el cable de soporte
10, tal como se muestra en la figura 4C. En estado desinflado, el
globo de angioplastia se hace avanzar sobre el cable de soporte 10
hasta una posición adyacente a la placa 100. La placa ateromatosa
es comprimida inflando el globo 42, dilatando de este modo la
estenosis del vaso. En algunas realizaciones, el catéter de
angioplastia incluye un orificio de infusión 44 proximal y un
orificio de perfusión 45 distal con respecto al globo 42. El
orificio de infusión 44 puede ser utilizado para administrar
agentes farmacéuticos, por ejemplo, t-PA, adenosina
o nitroglicerina, a través del conducto del catéter (no mostrado).
Es posible administrar un medio o sangre oxigenados a través del
orificio 45 a efectos de mantener la perfusión para los órganos
distales durante la angioplastia. En algunas realizaciones, el globo
de angioplastia está asociado íntimamente con un stent.
Normalmente, el stent está sujetado al globo y es capaz de
extenderse radialmente de manera controlada en la zona de interés
mediante la aplicación de una fuerza radial que se extiende hacia
afuera desde el interior de dicho stent. La construcción del sistema
de catéter que incluye un stent se describe de manera detallada en
la patente de Estados Unidos número 5.749.848, a nombre de Jang
et al.
El catéter de angioplastia, u otro instrumento
intravascular, se extrae del vaso después de finalizar la
angioplastia. El material embólico generado durante la angioplastia
es recogido y retenido por el filtro 20. A continuación, el filtro
se pliega y es retirado del vaso y extraído del cuerpo del paciente,
conjuntamente con el material embólico recogido.
De manera alternativa, después de que el filtro
20 se coloca y se extiende de manera distal con respecto a la placa
100, el cable de guía 30 y el cable de soporte 10 pueden permanecer
en el vaso a través de dicha placa 100, tal como se muestra en la
figura 4D. A continuación, el catéter de angioplastia 40 se
introduce sobre el cable de guía 30 y el cable de soporte 10 hasta
una posición adyacente a la placa 100. Si, por ejemplo, es
necesario un dispositivo de aterectomía para eliminar la placa que
permanece después de la angioplastia, se retira el catéter de
angioplastia 40, con o sin el cable de guía, y se introduce el
catéter de aterectomía sobre el cable de guía 30 y/o el cable de
soporte 10 hasta una posición adyacente a la placa. De esta manera,
si se pierde la posición del cable de guía 30 a través de la placa
durante la extracción del catéter de angioplastia 40, el cable de
soporte 10 sigue estando disponible para dirigir otro dispositivo
intravascular hasta la zona de interés. Este método resulta
especialmente útil para intercambiar catéteres de guía en
revascularización coronaria.
La longitud del cable de guía y del cable de
soporte estará normalmente entre 30 y 300 centímetros,
preferiblemente, aproximadamente entre 50 y 180 centímetros. El
filtro será capaz de extenderse hasta un diámetro exterior
aproximado de al menos 0,2 centímetros, más preferiblemente de al
menos 0,5 centímetros, más preferiblemente de al menos 1,0
centímetros, más preferiblemente de al menos 1,5 centímetros, más
preferiblemente de al menos 2,0 centímetros, más preferiblemente de
al menos 2,5 centímetros, más preferiblemente de al menos 3,0
centímetros, más preferiblemente de al menos 3,5 centímetros, más
preferiblemente de al menos 4,0 centímetros, más preferiblemente de
al menos 4,5 centímetros y más preferiblemente de al menos 5,0
centímetros. Estos intervalos cubren diámetros adecuados para una
utilización infantil y adulta. Los intervalos mencionados
anteriormente constituyen dimensiones típicas del dispositivo, y se
exponen solamente a título ilustrativo. Evidentemente, las
dimensiones reales de un dispositivo configurado según los
principios de la presente invención pueden variar y ser diferentes
con respecto a los intervalos mencionados, sin apartarse de dichos
principios básicos.
Aunque, a efectos de claridad y comprensión, la
invención expuesta anteriormente se ha descrito de manera detallada
a título ilustrativo y de ejemplo, resultará evidente que es posible
realizar diversos cambios y modificaciones dentro del alcance de
las reivindicaciones adjuntas. Asimismo, se entenderá que cada una
de las características descritas de cualquier realización, así como
la totalidad de las mismas, puede combinarse con cualquiera de las
otras realizaciones descritas en la presente memoria.
Claims (8)
1. Sistema de filtro percutáneo, que
comprende:
un cable de guía (30);
un cable de soporte (10) que tiene un extremo
proximal, un extremo distal, una zona distal (11) y un filtro
expansible (20) montado en la zona distal (11) del cable de soporte
(10), estando adaptado el cable de soporte (10) para recibir un
instrumento médico percutáneo que se introduce sobre el cable de
soporte y que se hace avanzar hasta una zona de interés; y
caracterizado por
una funda que cubre el cable de soporte (10) y
el filtro (20) y que puede ser retirada con respecto al filtro,
teniendo la funda un extremo proximal, un extremo distal y una zona
distal, teniendo la zona distal un conducto (51) que soporta en su
interior el filtro (20) y una abertura adaptada para el paso del
cable de guía (30),
en el que, durante su utilización, el cable de
guía está adaptado para ser situado en un vaso en una zona de
interés, estando adaptada la funda que soporta el cable de soporte
(10) para hacerla avanzar a lo largo del cable de guía hasta que el
filtro (20) alcanza la zona de interés, y estando adaptada la funda
para ser retirada a continuación y dejar el filtro (20) al
descubierto.
2. Sistema de filtro según la reivindicación 1,
en el que el conducto (51) de la funda se extiende de la zona
distal al extremo proximal.
3. Sistema de filtro según la reivindicación 1,
en el que la funda comprende un elemento alargado (70) que tiene un
segmento cilíndrico en un extremo distal del elemento alargado (70),
comprendiendo la zona distal de la funda el segmento
cilíndrico.
4. Sistema de filtro según la reivindicación 1,
en el que la abertura está comunicada con el conducto (51) de la
funda.
5. Sistema de filtro según la reivindicación 1,
en el que la funda comprende un catéter y la abertura adaptada para
el paso del cable de guía (30) comprende un paso (61) situado en la
zona distal de la funda.
6. Sistema de filtro según la reivindicación 1,
en el que la funda comprende un catéter y la abertura adaptada para
el paso del cable de guía (30) comprende un paso lateral (60) fijado
a la zona distal de la funda.
7. Sistema de filtro según la reivindicación 1,
que comprende además un elemento alargado (70) que tiene un extremo
distal y un extremo proximal, estando soportada la funda en el
extremo distal del elemento alargado (70), comprendiendo la
abertura adaptada para el paso del cable de guía (30) un paso
situado en la zona distal de la funda.
8. Sistema de filtro según la reivindicación 1,
que comprende además un elemento alargado que tiene un extremo
distal y un extremo proximal, estando soportada la funda en el
extremo distal del elemento alargado, comprendiendo la abertura
adaptada para el paso del cable de guía (30) un segmento tubular
fijado a la zona distal de la funda.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US366192 | 1994-12-29 | ||
| US09/366,192 US6142987A (en) | 1999-08-03 | 1999-08-03 | Guided filter with support wire and methods of use |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2327557T3 true ES2327557T3 (es) | 2009-10-30 |
Family
ID=23442019
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES06019550T Expired - Lifetime ES2327557T3 (es) | 1999-08-03 | 2000-08-03 | Sistema de filtro percutaneo. |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (5) | US6142987A (es) |
| EP (3) | EP1117343B1 (es) |
| JP (1) | JP4478369B2 (es) |
| AT (2) | ATE432670T1 (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2345654C (es) |
| DE (3) | DE1117343T1 (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2327557T3 (es) |
| WO (1) | WO2001008596A1 (es) |
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-
1999
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2000
- 2000-08-03 JP JP2001513334A patent/JP4478369B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-03 DE DE1117343T patent/DE1117343T1/de active Pending
- 2000-08-03 DE DE60031234T patent/DE60031234T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-03 AT AT06019550T patent/ATE432670T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-08-03 EP EP00965581A patent/EP1117343B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-03 EP EP09161238.2A patent/EP2138129B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-03 ES ES06019550T patent/ES2327557T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-03 DE DE60042348T patent/DE60042348D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-03 CA CA002345654A patent/CA2345654C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-08-03 WO PCT/US2000/040559 patent/WO2001008596A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-08-03 EP EP06019550A patent/EP1736115B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-08-03 AT AT00965581T patent/ATE342012T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-09-29 US US09/677,119 patent/US6652505B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2003
- 2003-09-19 US US10/666,043 patent/US7235061B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2007
- 2007-05-21 US US11/751,370 patent/US7862578B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2010
- 2010-11-23 US US12/952,590 patent/US8231651B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2024231163A1 (en) * | 2023-05-10 | 2024-11-14 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Venous embolic protection filter |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE1117343T1 (de) | 2002-06-13 |
| US20070219491A1 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
| EP1117343B1 (en) | 2006-10-11 |
| EP1736115A3 (en) | 2007-01-03 |
| US6652505B1 (en) | 2003-11-25 |
| CA2345654C (en) | 2008-11-18 |
| ATE342012T1 (de) | 2006-11-15 |
| US20110066177A1 (en) | 2011-03-17 |
| DE60031234D1 (de) | 2006-11-23 |
| EP2138129A1 (en) | 2009-12-30 |
| EP1117343A1 (en) | 2001-07-25 |
| ATE432670T1 (de) | 2009-06-15 |
| US7862578B2 (en) | 2011-01-04 |
| US7235061B2 (en) | 2007-06-26 |
| US6142987A (en) | 2000-11-07 |
| WO2001008596A9 (en) | 2002-08-01 |
| DE60031234T2 (de) | 2007-08-30 |
| EP1736115B1 (en) | 2009-06-03 |
| JP4478369B2 (ja) | 2010-06-09 |
| EP2138129B1 (en) | 2013-11-20 |
| JP2003505192A (ja) | 2003-02-12 |
| WO2001008596A1 (en) | 2001-02-08 |
| CA2345654A1 (en) | 2001-02-08 |
| US20040059372A1 (en) | 2004-03-25 |
| EP1736115A2 (en) | 2006-12-27 |
| US8231651B2 (en) | 2012-07-31 |
| DE60042348D1 (de) | 2009-07-16 |
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