ES2333778T3 - Implante intervertebral para un procedimiento de fusion intervertebral lumbar posterior transforanimal. - Google Patents
Implante intervertebral para un procedimiento de fusion intervertebral lumbar posterior transforanimal. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2333778T3 ES2333778T3 ES02736647T ES02736647T ES2333778T3 ES 2333778 T3 ES2333778 T3 ES 2333778T3 ES 02736647 T ES02736647 T ES 02736647T ES 02736647 T ES02736647 T ES 02736647T ES 2333778 T3 ES2333778 T3 ES 2333778T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- implant
- curved
- faces
- disc space
- anterior
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
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- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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Classifications
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2/4465—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs for the fusion of spinal bodies, e.g. intervertebral fusion of adjacent spinal bodies, e.g. fusion cages having a circular or kidney shaped cross-section substantially perpendicular to the axis of the spine
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Abstract
Implante intervertebral que comprende: un cuerpo (22) que posee una cara posterior curvada y cóncava (26) y una cara anterior curvada y convexa (24), extendiéndose ambas caras posterior y anterior curvadas a lo largo de un eje longitudinal (36) del cuerpo del implante; un par de extremos estrechos convexos (25) que separan las caras posterior (26) y anterior (24); caras superior (28) e inferior (30) para entrar en contacto con las placas terminales vertebrales superior e inferior, definiendo las superficies superior e inferior el grosor del implante; un primer y un segundo canales no roscados (34) configurados y adaptados para acoplarse con un instrumento de inserción del implante, caracterizado porque el primer canal se dispone a lo largo de al menos una parte de la cara posterior curvada (26) y el segundo canal se dispone a lo largo de al menos una parte de la cara anterior curvada (24), en el que las caras posterior y anterior curvadas forman una configuración del implante curvada que facilita la inserción del implante a través de una ventana transforaminal.
Description
Implante intervertebral para un procedimiento de
fusión intervertebral lumbar posterior transforaminal.
La presente invención se refiere a un implante
intervertebral, su instrumentación acompañante y su método de
utilización. Más particularmente, la presente invención se refiere a
un implante intervertebral e instrumentación para su utilización en
un procedimiento de fusión intervertebral lumbar posterior
transforaminal.
Una serie de patologías médicas tales como la
compresión de las raíces nerviosas medulares, la enfermedad discal
degenerativa, la herniación del núcleo pulposo, la estenosis medular
y la espondilolistesis pueden provocar dolor lumbar grave. La
fusión intervertebral es un método quirúrgico de mejoría del dolor
lumbar. En la fusión intervertebral lumbar posterior ("PLIF"),
se fusionan entre sí dos cuerpos vertebrales adyacentes mediante la
extracción del disco afectado y la inserción de uno o más implantes
que permitirán el crecimiento óseo entre los dos cuerpos
vertebrales para cerrar el espacio dejado por la extracción del
disco.
En la patente US 6.174.311 se da a conocer un
implante para su utilización en procedimientos de fusión.
Una variación de la técnica de PLIF tradicional
es la técnica de fusión intervertebral lumbar posterior
transforaminal (T-PLIF). Siguiendo este
procedimiento, se inserta un implante dentro del espacio discal
afectado a través de una vía posterior unilateral (o en ocasiones
bilateral), descentrada de la línea media de la columna vertebral,
mediante la eliminación de la articulación facetaria de las
vértebras. La técnica de T-PLIF evita la lesión de
estructuras nerviosas tales como la duramadre y las raíces
nerviosas, pero la ventana transforaminal resultante disponible
para extraer el disco afectado, preparar las placas terminales
vertebrales e insertar el implante, está limitada lateralmente.
Para el procedimiento T-PLIF se
han utilizado diversos implantes diferentes utilizados típicamente
en el procedimiento PLIF tradicional, con un éxito variable. Entre
ellos se incluyen las jaulas de titanio roscadas, los aloinjertos
en cuña, los anillos etc. Sin embargo, dado que estos dispositivos
no estaban diseñados específicamente para el procedimiento de
T-PLIF, no tienen la forma necesaria para ser
insertados de forma fácil dentro del espacio discal afectado a
través de la estrecha ventana transforaminal, y pueden requerir la
retracción adicional de las raíces nerviosas. Dicha retracción
puede provocar lesiones nerviosas transitorias o permanentes.
Además, algunos de estos implantes, tales como la jaula de titanio
roscada, presentan la desventaja de que para su inserción es
necesario perforar y percutir las placas terminales vertebrales.
Además, se desconoce la incidencia de hundimiento tras la
utilización prolongada de dichas jaulas. Finalmente, la recuperación
de la lordosis, es decir, la curvatura normal de la columna lumbar,
es muy difícil cuando se utiliza una jaula de titanio
cilíndrica.
Como muestra la discusión anterior, existe la
necesidad de un implante mejorado e instrumentación para fusionar
vértebras mediante el procedimiento de fusión intervertebral lumbar
transforaminal.
La presente invención se refiere a un implante
intervertebral ("implante T-PLIF") y su
utilización durante el procedimiento de fusión intervertebral
lumbar transforaminal. En una realización preferente, el implante
T-PLIF posee un cuerpo curvado con caras anterior y
posterior substancialmente paralelas curvadas separadas por dos
extremos del implante estrechos, y caras superior e inferior que
poseen una serie de superficies onduladas para entrar en contacto
con las placas terminales vertebrales superior e inferior. Las
superficies onduladas pueden ser proyecciones, tales como dientes,
dientes de sierra o configuraciones piramidales, o cuñas que
penetran las placas terminales vertebrales y evitan el
deslizamiento. Los extremos del implante estrechos pueden ser
redondeados o substancialmente planos. La configuración curvada del
implante facilita su inserción a través de la ventana
transforaminal. El implante, que puede estar compuesto de hueso
homólogo, metal o plástico, posee dos canales o ranuras, en el
primer extremo para su acoplamiento a un instrumento de inserción,
tal como una herramienta para manejar el implante. El primer canal
se dispone a lo largo de al menos una parte de la cara posterior
curvada cóncava y el segundo canal se dispone a lo largo de al menos
una parte de la cara anterior convexa del implante. En una
realización preferente, las caras superior e inferior son convexas,
y el grosor del implante es cónico con su grosor máximo en la región
media entre los extremos estrechos del implante, es decir a nivel
de una sección paralela a un plano sagital, y desciende hacia cada
uno de los extremos estrechos.
En otra realización preferente, el implante está
formado por una serie de cuerpos interconectados acoplados para
formar una sola unidad. En esta configuración, la serie de cuerpos
interconectados que forman el implante T-PLIF puede
ajustarse a presión conjuntamente y puede incluir al menos un perno
o tornillo que se extiende a través de una abertura en la serie de
cuerpos para mantener los cuerpos unidos como una sola unidad. Las
superficies adyacentes de la serie de cuerpos también pueden poseer
superficies de acoplamiento concordantes que contribuyen a mantener
los cuerpos unidos en forma de una sola unidad.
\newpage
En aún otra realización preferente, la presente
invención se refiere a un equipo para implantar un implante
vertebral dentro del espacio discal afectado de un paciente a través
de una ventana transforaminal. El equipo incluye un implante de
acuerdo con la invención.
El equipo puede incluir además al menos un
separador apto para pruebas para determinar el tamaño adecuado del
implante necesario para rellenar el espacio discal afectado, un
instrumento de inserción que posee un cuello angular o curvado para
sujetar y posicionar adecuadamente el implante durante la inserción
a través de la ventana transforaminal, y un impactador que posee un
cuello angular o curvado para posicionar adecuadamente el implante
dentro del espacio discal afectado. La cara del impactador puede
tener forma cóncava para acoplarse con el extremo estrecho del
implante T-PLIF durante la impactación. El equipo
puede incluir además un separador de la lámina para desplazar las
vértebras adyacentes al espacio discal afectado, un osteotomo para
eliminar las facetas de las vértebras adyacentes al espacio discal
afectado para crear una ventana transforaminal, una o más curetas,
angulares o rectas, para eliminar todo el material del espacio
discal afectado, un raspador óseo para preparar las placas
terminales de las vértebras adyacentes al espacio discal afectado, y
un instrumento de implante del injerto para implantar material de
injerto óseo dentro del espacio discal afectado. El equipo puede
incluir adicionalmente un instrumento guía curvado para dirigir el
implante dentro del espacio discal afectado.
En aún otro aspecto que no forma parte de la
invención, se describe un método para implantar un implante
intervertebral dentro de un espacio discal afectado de un paciente
a través de una ventana transforaminal. Se crea la ventana
transforaminal y se inserta el material de injerto óseo dentro del
espacio discal afectado. Utilizando un instrumento de inserción, se
inserta un implante en el espacio discal afectado con intermedio de
la ventana transforaminal que posee un cuerpo curvado con caras
curvadas, substancialmente paralelas, separadas por dos extremos de
implante estrechos, superior e inferior que poseen una serie de
superficies ondulantes para entrar en contacto con las placas
terminales vertebrales superior e inferior, y preferentemente al
menos una depresión en el primer extremo para acoplarse con el
instrumento de inserción. En el presente método, la configuración
curvada del implante facilita la inserción del implante a través de
una ventana transforaminal. El método puede comprender
adicionalmente impactar el implante con un instrumento implantador
para posicionar adecuadamente el implante dentro del espacio discal
afectado. Tanto el instrumento de inserción como el instrumento
impactador pueden ser angulares para facilitar la inserción,
alineamiento, colocación y/o asentamiento adecuado del implante.
La Figura 1 es una vista en planta superior de
una vértebra humana típica mostrando la ventana transforaminal a
través de la cual se inserta el implante de acuerdo con la presente
invención;
La Figura 2A es una vista en sección transversal
de una realización del implante de acuerdo con la presente
invención;
La Figura 2B es una vista lateral a lo largo del
eje mayor del implante de la Figura 2A;
La Figura 2C es una vista en sección transversal
tomada a lo largo de la línea 2C-2C de la Figura
2B;
La Figura 2D es una vista en perspectiva del
implante de la Figura 2A;
La Figura 3A es una vista en sección transversal
parcial de otra realización de un implante de acuerdo con la
presente invención;
La Figura 3B es una vista en sección transversal
a lo largo del eje mayor del implante de la Figura 3A;
La Figura 3C es una vista en sección transversal
tomada a lo largo de la línea 3C-3C de la Figura
3B;
La Figura 3D es una vista en perspectiva del
implante de la Figura 3A;
La Figura 4 es una vista en perspectiva de aún
otra realización del implante de la presente invención;
La Figura 5 es una vista axial de una vértebra
humana típica mostrando el implante de la Figura 4 en una posición
final asimétrica;
La Figura 6 es una vista posterior de una
sección de la columna vertebral previa a la preparación de la
ventana transforaminal;
La Figura 7 es una vista posterior de una
sección de la columna vertebral con la ventana transforaminal
preparada;
La Figura 8A muestra una cureta para hueso
angular utilizada en el procedimiento T-PLIF;
La Figura 8B muestra otra cureta para hueso
angular utilizada en el procedimiento T-PLIF;
La Figura 8C muestra una cureta para hueso
angular extrayendo material de un espacio discal afectado;
La Figura 9A muestra un raspador de hueso
angular utilizado durante el procedimiento
T-PLIF;
La Figura 9B muestra un raspador de hueso
angular extrayendo material de un espacio discal afectado;
La Figura 10A muestra un separador apto para
pruebas para su utilización durante un proceso
T-PLIF.
La Figura 10B muestra un separador apto para
pruebas siendo insertado dentro del espacio discal afectado a
través de una ventana transforaminal;
La Figura 11A muestra una herramienta para
manejar el implante utilizado durante el procedimiento
T-PLIF;
La Figura 11B muestra las puntas de la
herramienta para manejar el implante mostrado en la Figura 11A;
La Figura 11C muestra una vista en planta
superior de una vértebra humana mostrando un implante
T-PLIF que está siendo insertado con una
herramienta para manejar el implante;
La Figura 11D muestra una vista posterior de la
columna vertebral humana en la que se está insertando un implante
T-PLIF con una herramienta para manejar el
implante;
La Figura 12 muestra un instrumento guía de
implante para utilizar con el implante T-PLIF;
La Figura 13A muestra un instrumento impactador
angular para utilizar con el implante T-PLIF;
La Figura 13B es una vista aumentada de la punta
del impactador mostrado en la Figura 13A;
La Figura 14 es una vista superior de una
vértebra humana típica mostrando un implante de acuerdo con la
presente invención adecuadamente posicionado dentro del espacio del
disco afectado utilizando el instrumento impactador mostrado en la
figura 13A; y.
La Figura 15 es una vista superior de la
vértebra de la Figura 1 mostrando el implante T-PLIF
en una posición final.
Un implante, de acuerdo con la presente
invención, denominado en esta memoria como implante de fusión
intervertebral lumbar posterior transforaminal ("implante
T-PLIF") está diseñado para ser utilizado como un
separador intervertebral en la cirugía de fusión de la columna
vertebral, en la que se elimina el disco afectado de entre dos
vértebras adyacentes y se sustituye por un implante que proporciona
estabilidad segmental y permite el crecimiento óseo entre las dos
vértebras para rellenar el espacio creado por la eliminación del
disco. Específicamente, el implante T-PLIF está
diseñado para la técnica de fusión intervertebral lumbar
transforaminal (T-PLIF) la cual, tal como se
muestra en la Figura 1, implica el abordaje posterior (12),
descentrado de la línea media (14) de la columna vertebral, del
espacio discal intervertebral afectado (16). La ventana (18)
disponible para la inserción del implante utilizando la técnica
T-PLIF está limitada lateralmente por la duramadre
(20) y la raíz nerviosa saliente superior (no mostrada).
Tal como se muestra en las Figuras 2A a 2D, en
una realización preferente, el implante T-PLIF posee
un cuerpo curvado, "tipo mecedora" (22) con unas cara anterior
(24) y posterior (26) curvadas, para facilitar la inserción
descentrada del implante a través de la ventana de abordaje estrecha
(18) dentro del espacio discal. Preferentemente, las caras anterior
(24) y posterior (26) son substancialmente paralelas y están
separadas por un par de extremos estrechos (25). Los extremos
estrechos (25) pueden ser redondeados o romos. Las superficies
superior (28) e inferior (30) poseen proyecciones, tales como los
dientes (32), para acoplarse a las vértebras adyacentes. Los
dientes (32) en las superficies superior (28) e inferior (30)
proporcionan preferentemente un enclavamiento mecánico entre el
implante (22) y las placas terminales mediante la penetración en las
mismas. La estabilidad mecánica inicial conseguida con los dientes
(32) minimiza el riesgo de deslizamiento/expulsión postquirúrgica
del implante (10). Los dientes (32) pueden poseer forma en diente de
sierra, en la que un lado del diente es perpendicular a la
superficie superior o inferior, o forma de pirámide, en la que cada
diente posee cuatro lados y forma un ángulo agudo con la superficie
superior o inferior. El cuerpo del implante (22) posee un primer y
segundo canales o ranuras (34) en un extremo del implante (22) para
acoplarse a un instrumento quirúrgico, tal como una herramienta
para manejar el implante (66) (mostrado en la Figura 11A).
Tal como se muestra en la Figura 2B, el grosor
(31) del implante (22) es máximo en la sección media entre los dos
extremos de implante estrechos (25) y se estrecha gradualmente a lo
largo del eje longitudinal (36) del implante (22) de manera que
alcanza el nivel más estrecho a nivel de los extremos estrechos (25)
del implante (22). Esta configuración convexa proporciona un ajuste
anatómico adecuado y facilita la inserción del implante (22) dentro
del espacio discal afectado. Debe tenerse en cuenta que en una
realización preferente, el grosor (31) no disminuye a lo largo del
eje más corto (37) del implante (22). De este modo, tal como se
muestra en la Figura 2C para cualquier sección transversal
perpendicular al eje longitudinal (36) del implante, la distancia
entre las superficies superior (28) e inferior (30) permanece
substancialmente constante. En realizaciones alternativas, el
grosor (31) puede disminuir a lo largo del eje más corto (37) del
implante (22). Las dimensiones del implante (22) pueden modificarse
para acomodarse a la anatomía del paciente, y el grosor del implante
se escoge en base al tamaño del espacio discal que se quiere
rellenar. Preferentemente, el implante (22) posee un grosor máximo
(31) a nivel de la sección media de entre aproximadamente 7,0 y
aproximadamente 17,0 mm, y puede fabricarse de metal, aloinjerto,
compuesto de metal-aloinjerto, polímero de fibra de
carbono, polímero puro o plástico. El grosor a nivel de los
extremos estrechos (25) del implante (22) es entre aproximadamente
1,5 y aproximadamente 2,0 mm inferior al grosor máximo a nivel de la
sección media. El implante posee una longitud entre aproximadamente
26 y aproximadamente 32 mm, y posee una anchura entre
aproximadamente 9 y aproximadamente 11 mm. El implante (22), el
cual como se muestra más claramente en la Figura 2A es simétrico
alrededor de al menos un eje de rotación (37), está diseñado para
una colocación simétrica alrededor de la línea media (14) de la
columna vertebral (ver Figura 19). La configuración curvada del
implante (22) facilita la inserción del implante desde un abordaje
transforaminal en una posición simétrica alrededor de la línea media
de la columna vertebral, de manera que un solo implante proporciona
un soporte equilibrado a la columna vertebral.
Tal como se muestra en las Figuras
3A-3D, en una realización alternativa, el implante
(22) puede estar formado por dos o más piezas (38) que poseen
ranuras de interacoplamiento (39) y paletas (40) que se ajustan a
presión y se fijan entre sí con tornillos o pernos (42). El número
y orientación de los tornillos o pernos (42) puede modificarse.
Esta configuración en multi-componente puede ser
particularmente útil para implantes formados por aloinjerto de
hueso, dado que puede ser difícil y/o poco práctico obtener una sola
pieza suficientemente grande de aloinjerto para algunas
aplicaciones. En el caso de implantes formados completamente de
materiales artificiales (es decir, sin aloinjerto), tales como
acero, plástico o polímeros metálicos o no metálicos, puede ser más
práctico un implante de una sola pieza.
Como en la realización anterior, las caras
anterior (24) y posterior (26) son substancialmente paralelas y,
como se muestra, pueden definirse por los radios de curvatura R1 y
R2, donde R1, por ejemplo, puede ser de aproximadamente 28 mm y R2,
por ejemplo, de aproximadamente 19 mm. Las superficies superior (28)
e inferior (30) tienen forma curvada y el implante tiene un grosor
(31), el cual es preferentemente máximo a nivel de la parte central
entre los extremos estrechos (25) y gradualmente se estrecha
llegando al mínimo en los extremos estrechos (25). El grosor cónico
(31) puede definirse por un radio de curvatura (R3), donde (R3), por
ejemplo, puede ser de aproximadamente 100 mm. Tal como se muestra,
las piezas componentes (46) y (48) del implante (22) poseen
orificios (44) para acomodar los tornillos o pernos (42). Los
orificios (44) se perforan preferentemente una vez se han agrupado
las piezas (38) una encima de la otra. A continuación se encajan las
piezas múltiples (38) con los tornillos o pernos (42) de manera que
los facultativos reciben el implante (22) como una unidad única
prefabricada. La pieza componente superior (46) posee una superficie
superior curvada preferentemente con dientes (32), mientras que su
superficie inferior está configurada con ranuras y paletas para el
interacoplamiento con la superficie superior de la pieza componente
inferior (48). La superficie inferior (30) curvada de la pieza
componente inferior (48) preferentemente también posee dientes (32)
para acoplarse con la placa terminal vertebral inferior del espacio
discal afectado. Una o ambas superficies superior (28) e inferior
(30) pueden poseer cuñas u otras formas similares como proyecciones
de acoplamiento en lugar de los dientes (32).
Ahora se hará referencia a la Figura 4 la cual
es una vista en perspectiva de otra realización del implante. Como
en la realización previa, el implante (23) posee un cuerpo curvado
con caras anterior (24) y posterior (26) substancialmente paralelas
y curvadas, superficies superior (28) e inferior (30) convexas que
contribuyen a un grosor cónico (31), y canales (34) para acoplarse
a un instrumento quirúrgico, tal como un instrumento de inserción.
En esta realización, el implante (23) posee un extremo estrecho (50)
substancialmente recto o romo y un extremo estrecho (52) curvado
que separan las caras curvadas anterior (24) y posterior (26). Tal
como se muestra en la Figura 5, la posición final del implante (23)
en el espacio discal (16) puede ser asimétrica respecto a la línea
media (14) de la columna vertebral del paciente.
Tal como se muestra en las Figuras 2A y 3A, y en
la Figura 11C, la forma en mecedora del implante (22) permite al
cirujano insertar el implante a través de la estrecha ventana
transforaminal, que tiene típicamente una anchura de
aproximadamente 9,0 mm, y asentar el implante en el espacio discal
por detrás de la duramadre sin alterar la cortina anterior del
espacio discal. La técnica quirúrgica típica para el procedimiento
T-PLIF se inicia situando al paciente en decúbito
prono sobre un marco lumbar. Previamente a la incisión, un
equipamiento radiológico puede ayudar a localizar la posición
intraoperatoria precisa del implante T-PLIF. Tras la
incisión, se identifican las facetas, la lámina y otras señales
anatómicas. Se separan las vértebras afectadas utilizando un
separador de lámina o un separados lateral, ambos conocidos
ordinariamente en la técnica. En el último caso, pueden insertarse
tornillos dentro de las vértebras para interconectarse con el
separador lateral. Tal como se muestra en las Figuras 6 y 7, tras
la separación, se crea la ventana transforaminal (54) eliminando la
faceta inferior (56) de la vértebra craneal y la faceta superior
(58) de la vértebra caudal utilizando uno o más osteotomos (59) de
diferentes tamaños. Se realiza una discectomía durante la cual puede
eliminarse todo el material discal del espacio discal afectado
utilizando una combinación de curetas rectas y angulares. Las
curetas angulares, que pueden estar configuradas con un perfil
redondeado (60) (Figura 8A) o un perfil rectangular (61) (figura
8B), permiten eliminar el material del extremo (63) del espacio
discal opuesto a la ventana transforaminal (54), tal como se
muestra en la Figura 8C.
Tras completar la discectomía, se eliminan las
capas superficiales de la totalidad de las placas terminales
cartilaginosas con una combinación de raspadores óseos rectos y
angulares. Tal como se muestra en las Figuras 9A y 9B, los
raspadores angulares (62) pueden angularse para alcanzar el extremo
(63) del espacio discal opuesto a la ventana transforaminal (54).
Los raspadores (62) exponen hueso sangrante, pero debe tenerse el
cuidado de evitar la eliminación excesiva de hueso subcondral, pues
ello puede debilitar la columna anterior. La eliminación completa
de la placa terminal puede provocar hundimiento y pérdida de
estabilidad segmental. A continuación puede insertarse un
separador/molde T-PLIF de prueba (64), de
dimensiones apropiadas, mostrado en las Figuras 10A y 10B, dentro
del espacio discal intervertebral utilizando una impactación suave,
para determinar el grosor adecuado del implante para el espacio
discal que se quiere rellenar. La fluoroscopia puede ayudar a
confirmar el ajuste del separador de prueba. Si el separador de
prueba (64) parece demasiado suelto/ajustado, debe utilizarse el
siguiente separador de prueba mayor/menor hasta que se consiga el
ajuste más seguro. Por ejemplo si un separador de prueba con un
grosor máximo de 11 mm queda demasiado suelto al insertarlo en el
espacio discal, el facultativo debe probar el separador de 13 mm de
grosor, y así sucesivamente. Los separadores de prueba tienen una
altura entre aproximadamente 7 mm y aproximadamente 17 mm.
Tras identificar y retirar el separador de
prueba que mejor se ajusta, se selecciona un implante
T-PLIF del tamaño adecuado. En este momento, antes
de colocar el implante T-PLIF, debe colocarse
material de injerto óseo, tal como hueso esponjosos autógeno o
substitutos de hueso, en el aspecto antero-lateral
del espacio discal afectado. Tal como se muestra en las Figuras 11C
y 11D'', a continuación se sujeta de forma segura el implante
T-PLIF (22) utilizando un instrumento quirúrgico tal
como una herramienta para manejar el implante (66) (mostrado más
claramente en la Figura 11A), que se acopla a los canales o ranuras
(34) en un extremo de implante (22). Las puntas (67) de la
herramienta para manejar el implante (66) pueden ser curvadas o
angulares para ajustarse con el implante curvado (22) y facilitar
la inserción de dicho implante (22) dentro del espacio discal (16).
A continuación se introduce el implante T-PLIF (22)
dentro del espacio discal intervertebral (16) a través de la
ventana transforaminal, tal como se muestra en la Figura 11D. Puede
utilizarse un instrumento guía que posee una hoja curvada (68)
(mostrada en la Figura 12) para coincidir con la curvatura de la
cara anterior del implante (22), para guiar adecuadamente el
implante dentro del espacio discal afectado (16). Puede ser
necesaria una impactación suave utilizando la herramienta para
manejar el implante (66) (mostrada en la Figura 11A) o un
instrumento impactador (70) (mostrado en la Figura 13A) para asentar
completamente el implante. Tal como se muestra en las Figuras 13A y
13B, el instrumento impactador (70) también puede ser curvado o
angular para facilitar el asentamiento del implante a través de la
estrecha ventana transforaminal. También la cara (71) del
impactador (70) puede tener forma cóncava para ajustarse al extremo
del implante (22), tal como se muestra en la Figura 14. Una vez el
implante T-PLIF se encuentra en la posición final
deseada, tal como la posición final simétrica mostrada en la Figura
15 o la posición asimétrica mostrada en la Figura 5, se retira la
herramienta para manejar el implante (66) y posiblemente el
instrumento guía (68), pudiendo insertarse material de injerto óseo
(73) adicional. Preferentemente, el implante T-PLIF
(22) debe estar embutido en el borde anterior (72) del cuerpo
vertebral. Tal como se muestra en la Figura 15, la curvatura de la
cara anterior (24) del implante (22) es substancialmente idéntica a
la curvatura del borde anterior (72) del espacio discal (16). En la
posición asentada simétrica mostrada en la Figura 15, un único
implante T-PLIF (22) proporciona un soporte
equilibrado a la columna vertebral alrededor de la línea media de la
columna vertebral.
Claims (18)
1. Implante intervertebral que comprende:
un cuerpo (22) que posee
una cara posterior curvada y cóncava (26) y una
cara anterior curvada y convexa (24), extendiéndose ambas caras
posterior y anterior curvadas a lo largo de un eje longitudinal
(36) del cuerpo del implante;
un par de extremos estrechos convexos (25) que
separan las caras posterior (26) y anterior (24);
caras superior (28) e inferior (30) para entrar
en contacto con las placas terminales vertebrales superior e
inferior, definiendo las superficies superior e inferior el grosor
del implante;
un primer y un segundo canales no roscados (34)
configurados y adaptados para acoplarse con un instrumento de
inserción del implante, caracterizado porque el primer canal
se dispone a lo largo de al menos una parte de la cara posterior
curvada (26) y el segundo canal se dispone a lo largo de al menos
una parte de la cara anterior curvada (24),
en el que
las caras posterior y anterior curvadas forman
una configuración del implante curvada que facilita la inserción
del implante a través de una ventana transforaminal.
\vskip1.000000\baselineskip
2. Implante, según la reivindicación 1, que
comprende además una serie de superficies ondulantes en las caras
superior (28) e inferior (30).
3. Implante, según la reivindicación 1, en el
que el primer y segundo canales no roscados (34) están configurados
y adaptados para ajustarse con las partes curvadas de acoplamiento
al implante de un instrumento para la inserción del implante.
4. Implante, según la reivindicación 2, en el
que las caras superior (28) e inferior (30) son convexas.
5. Implante, según la reivindicación 4, en el
que el grosor del implante entre las caras superior (28) e inferior
(30) es máximo a nivel de la sección media entre los extremos
estrechos (25) del implante y el grosor disminuye progresivamente
hacia los extremos estrechos.
6. Implante, según la reivindicación 5, en el
que al menos uno de los extremos estrechos (25) es redondeado.
7. Implante, según la reivindicación 5, en el
que al menos uno de los extremos estrechos (25) es substancialmente
recto.
8. Implante, según la reivindicación 5, en el
que las superficies ondulantes son dientes (32).
9. Implante, según la reivindicación 4, en el
que el cuerpo del implante es substancialmente sólido y formado de
hueso alógeno.
10. Implante, según la reivindicación 1, en el
que el implante está formado por una serie de cuerpos
interconectados (22) acoplados para formar una sola unidad.
11. Implante, según la reivindicación 10, que
comprende además al menos un perno (42) que se extiende a través de
una abertura en la serie de cuerpos (22) para sujetar los cuerpos
entre sí como una sola unidad.
12. Implante, según la reivindicación 11, en el
que la serie de cuerpos (22) poseen superficies de interconexión
que contribuyen a sujetar los cuerpos entre sí como una sola
unidad.
13. Equipo para implantar un implante
intervertebral dentro de un espacio discal afectado de un paciente a
través de una ventana transforaminal que comprende: un implante
intervertebral según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 12.
14. Equipo, según la reivindicación 13, que
comprende además un impactador angular (70) para colocar
adecuadamente el implante dentro del espacio discal afectado.
15. Equipo, según la reivindicación 13, en el
que el instrumento de inserción comprende además partes angulares
de acoplamiento al implante que se ajustan con el primer y segundo
canales no roscados (34) del implante para facilitar el
posicionamiento adecuado del implante dentro del espacio discal
afectado.
16. Equipo, según la reivindicación 13, que
comprende además al menos una cureta angular para eliminar material
discal del espacio discal afectado.
17. Equipo, según la reivindicación 13, que
comprende además al menos un separador de prueba para estimar el
tamaño del implante a insertar dentro del espacio discal
afectado.
18. Equipo, según la reivindicación 13, que
comprende además una guía para contribuir a posicionar el implante
detrás de la duramadre en el que la guía posee un brazo curvado
diseñado y configurado para cooperar con la cara anterior curvada
(24) del implante para facilitar el posicionamiento adecuado del
implante alrededor de la línea media de la columna vertebral por
detrás de la duramadre.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US848178 | 1986-04-04 | ||
| US09/848,178 US6719794B2 (en) | 2001-05-03 | 2001-05-03 | Intervertebral implant for transforaminal posterior lumbar interbody fusion procedure |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2333778T3 true ES2333778T3 (es) | 2010-03-01 |
Family
ID=25302574
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES02736647T Expired - Lifetime ES2333778T3 (es) | 2001-05-03 | 2002-05-01 | Implante intervertebral para un procedimiento de fusion intervertebral lumbar posterior transforanimal. |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (3) | US6719794B2 (es) |
| EP (1) | EP1383449B1 (es) |
| JP (1) | JP2004532075A (es) |
| AR (1) | AR033311A1 (es) |
| AT (1) | ATE448757T1 (es) |
| AU (1) | AU2002309636B2 (es) |
| BR (1) | BR0209428A (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2445387C (es) |
| DE (1) | DE60234432D1 (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2333778T3 (es) |
| MX (1) | MXPA03010045A (es) |
| NO (1) | NO20034868L (es) |
| NZ (1) | NZ528469A (es) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200308214B (es) |
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-
2001
- 2001-05-03 US US09/848,178 patent/US6719794B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2002
- 2002-05-01 AT AT02736647T patent/ATE448757T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-05-01 EP EP02736647A patent/EP1383449B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-01 BR BR0209428-2A patent/BR0209428A/pt active Search and Examination
- 2002-05-01 CA CA2445387A patent/CA2445387C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-05-01 DE DE60234432T patent/DE60234432D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-01 AU AU2002309636A patent/AU2002309636B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-05-01 MX MXPA03010045A patent/MXPA03010045A/es unknown
- 2002-05-01 NZ NZ528469A patent/NZ528469A/en unknown
- 2002-05-01 JP JP2002586853A patent/JP2004532075A/ja active Pending
- 2002-05-01 ES ES02736647T patent/ES2333778T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-05-02 AR ARP020101618A patent/AR033311A1/es unknown
-
2003
- 2003-10-22 ZA ZA200308214A patent/ZA200308214B/en unknown
- 2003-10-31 NO NO20034868A patent/NO20034868L/no unknown
-
2004
- 2004-02-26 US US10/787,984 patent/US20040172133A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-02-26 US US10/788,015 patent/US7226483B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2445387C (en) | 2010-10-12 |
| WO2002089712A8 (en) | 2002-12-12 |
| WO2002089712A3 (en) | 2003-01-30 |
| WO2002089712A1 (en) | 2002-11-14 |
| US20040167538A1 (en) | 2004-08-26 |
| US20040172133A1 (en) | 2004-09-02 |
| AU2002309636B2 (en) | 2005-06-09 |
| EP1383449B1 (en) | 2009-11-18 |
| BR0209428A (pt) | 2004-08-03 |
| US7226483B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 |
| NO20034868D0 (no) | 2003-10-31 |
| ZA200308214B (en) | 2004-07-07 |
| AR033311A1 (es) | 2003-12-10 |
| EP1383449A2 (en) | 2004-01-28 |
| MXPA03010045A (es) | 2004-05-05 |
| ATE448757T1 (de) | 2009-12-15 |
| DE60234432D1 (de) | 2009-12-31 |
| NO20034868L (no) | 2004-01-02 |
| NZ528469A (en) | 2005-08-26 |
| JP2004532075A (ja) | 2004-10-21 |
| US20020165612A1 (en) | 2002-11-07 |
| US6719794B2 (en) | 2004-04-13 |
| CA2445387A1 (en) | 2002-11-14 |
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