ES2335652T3 - Unidad que permite ajustar una valvula protesica en un conducto corporal. - Google Patents
Unidad que permite ajustar una valvula protesica en un conducto corporal. Download PDFInfo
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- ES2335652T3 ES2335652T3 ES02791513T ES02791513T ES2335652T3 ES 2335652 T3 ES2335652 T3 ES 2335652T3 ES 02791513 T ES02791513 T ES 02791513T ES 02791513 T ES02791513 T ES 02791513T ES 2335652 T3 ES2335652 T3 ES 2335652T3
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- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000001765 aortic valve Anatomy 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001000 nickel titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/24—Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
- A61F2/2412—Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body with soft flexible valve members, e.g. tissue valves shaped like natural valves
- A61F2/2418—Scaffolds therefor, e.g. support stents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
- A61B17/072—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/24—Heart valves ; Vascular valves, e.g. venous valves; Heart implants, e.g. passive devices for improving the function of the native valve or the heart muscle; Transmyocardial revascularisation [TMR] devices; Valves implantable in the body
- A61F2/2427—Devices for manipulating or deploying heart valves during implantation
- A61F2/243—Deployment by mechanical expansion
- A61F2/2433—Deployment by mechanical expansion using balloon catheter
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/064—Surgical staples, i.e. penetrating the tissue
- A61B17/0644—Surgical staples, i.e. penetrating the tissue penetrating the tissue, deformable to closed position
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/068—Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/11—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
- A61B17/115—Staplers for performing anastomosis, e.g. in a single operation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/11—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for performing anastomosis; Buttons for anastomosis
- A61B17/115—Staplers for performing anastomosis, e.g. in a single operation
- A61B17/1155—Circular staplers comprising a plurality of staples
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B2017/00535—Surgical instruments, devices or methods pneumatically or hydraulically operated
- A61B2017/00557—Surgical instruments, devices or methods pneumatically or hydraulically operated inflatable
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2220/00—Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2220/0008—Fixation appliances for connecting prostheses to the body
- A61F2220/0016—Fixation appliances for connecting prostheses to the body with sharp anchoring protrusions, e.g. barbs, pins, spikes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2230/00—Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2230/0063—Three-dimensional shapes
- A61F2230/0073—Quadric-shaped
- A61F2230/0078—Quadric-shaped hyperboloidal
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
- Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
- Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
- Media Introduction/Drainage Providing Device (AREA)
- Endoscopes (AREA)
Abstract
Unidad (1) que permite ajustar una válvula protésica (3) en un conducto corporal, que comprende la válvula protésica (3) a implantar y un soporte (2) que recibe esta válvula (3), conformándose la válvula (3) y el soporte (2) de manera que pueden adoptar una posición de contracción radial, que permite su inserción en el conducto corporal a equipar usando medios (10) de inserción/extensión, y una posición de extensión radial, en la que el soporte (2) se inmoviliza con respecto a la pared del conducto corporal a equipar; comprendiendo el soporte (2): - al menos una parte tubular (4) de un material ligeramente elástico en dirección circunferencial, que presenta, en su posición de extensión, una dimensión en la dirección circunferencial que corresponde aproximadamente a la dimensión en la dirección circunferencial de la localización (101, 102) del conducto corporal con respecto al cual debe implantarse esta parte tubular (4); - medios (6) de fijación de esta parte tubular (4) a la pared del conducto corporal, caracterizándose la unidad por que el soporte comprende: - una pluralidad de elementos de refuerzo alargados (5), dispuestos sobre la circunferencia de dicha parte tubular (4) y unidos a esta parte tubular (4) de manera independiente entre sí; estando unida la válvula (3) al menos parcialmente a esos elementos de refuerzo alargados (5), particularmente a nivel de las comisuras (3a) de sus válvulas y formando esos elementos de refuerzo alargados (5) conjuntamente, en posición extendida, una estructura que tiene un diámetro predeterminado que garantiza la extensión adecuada de esta válvula (3).
Description
Unidad que permite ajustar una válvula protésica
en un conducto corporal.
La presente invención se refiere a una unidad
que permite ajustar una válvula protésica en un conducto corporal,
particularmente una válvula cardíaca y en particular una válvula
aórtica.
Cada uno de los documentos WO 91/17720, WO
98/29057 y EP 1 057 460 describe una unidad de este tipo que
comprende:
- -
- la válvula protésica a implantar;
- -
- un refuerzo radialmente expansible, es decir "stent" (endoprótesis vascular), adecuado, en estado extendido, para apoyarse contra la pared del conducto corporal a equipar, permitiendo esta toma de apoyo inmovilizar ese stent con respecto a esta pared; y
- -
- medios de fijación de la válvula al stent.
\vskip1.000000\baselineskip
El ajuste del stent permite de esta manera el
montaje de la válvula en el conducto corporal, eliminando la
necesidad de acceder desde el exterior y por tanto una intervención
quirúrgica directa.
Esta técnica sin embargo tiene como
inconvenientes principales inducir un riesgo de deterioro de la
válvula por el globo utilizado para realizar la expansión del stent,
y limitar la fuerza de expansión que es posible infundir al stent.
Esta limitación tiene una repercusión sobre el anclaje del stent,
haciendo posible un desplazamiento de dicha unidad. Esta limitación
también tiene una repercusión sobre el cierre hermético del stent a
nivel del anillo valvular, afectado particularmente cuando zonas
calcificadas confieren al anillo valvular una forma irregular y/o
una determinada rigidez.
La expansión de un globo también puede producir
daños al conducto corporal, particularmente cuando éste es un vaso
sanguíneo.
La utilización de un stent auto extensible
apenas es posible, un stent de este tipo no tiene una fuerza radial
de apoyo a la vez que permite el suficiente anclaje a la unidad.
Además, el conducto corporal a equipar puede, en
el lugar del implante, no presentar una sección transversal
perfectamente circular, particularmente cuando se conserva la
válvula original y que esta válvula, o el anillo valvular, comprenda
zonas calcificadas. Cualquiera que sea el grado de expansión del
stent, la forma circular de este stent puede no adaptarse a la
anatomía específica del lugar del implante. Puede producirse un
defecto de hermetismo de la válvula implantada.
Además, el stent presenta una rigidez
determinada, que induce una rigidez al catéter del implante. Esta
rigidez puede dificultar el avance de ese catéter hasta el lugar del
implante.
Otro inconveniente de la técnica anterior es el
de unir directamente las comisuras de las válvulas al stent. Esto
hace que una expansión del stent, y por tanto de la válvula,
diferente a la prevista pueda generar una mala coadaptación de las
válvulas y por tanto un funcionamiento defectuoso de la válvula. El
stent debe por consiguiente realizar una expansión predeterminada
que impida, o dificulte, la adaptación de este stent a la
variabilidad anatómica.
La técnica anterior también presenta el
inconveniente, en el caso de implante de una válvula aórtica, de
inducir un riesgo de taponamiento de las aberturas coronarias.
La presente invención pretende remediar estos
diferentes inconvenientes.
La unidad a la que se refiere comprende, como se
sabe, la válvula protésica a implantar y un soporte que recibe esta
válvula, conformándose la válvula y el soporte de manera que pueden
adoptar una posición de contracción radial, que permite su inserción
en el conducto corporal a equipar usando medios inserción/extensión,
y una posición de extensión radial, en la que se inmoviliza el
soporte con respecto a la pared del conducto corporal a equipar. El
documento US-A-6 042 607 describe
una unidad que se corresponde con el preámbulo de la reivindicación
1.
De acuerdo con la invención, el soporte
comprende:
- -
- al menos una parte tubular de un material flexible ligeramente elástico en la dirección circunferencial, que presenta, en su posición de extensión, una dimensión en la dirección circunferencial que corresponde aproximadamente a la dimensión en la dirección circunferencial de la localización del conducto corporal con respecto al cual debe implantarse esta parte tubular;
- -
- medios para la fijación de esta parte tubular en la pared del conducto corporal y
- -
- una pluralidad de elementos de refuerzo alargados, dispuestos sobre la circunferencia de dicha parte tubular y unidos a esta parte tubular de manera independiente entre sí; la válvula está unida al menos parcialmente a estos elementos de refuerzo alargados, particularmente al nivel de las comisuras de esas válvulas y esos elementos de refuerzo alargados forman conjuntamente, en posición extendida, una estructura que tiene un diámetro predeterminado que garantiza la extensión adecuada de esta válvula.
El soporte de acuerdo con la invención no está
formado de esta manera por un stent expansible que se apoya rozando
contra la pared del conducto corporal a equipar, sino que está
formado (i) por al menos una parte tubular flexible ligeramente
elástica circunferencialmente, prevista de medios de fijación en la
pared del conducto corporal, y (ii) por una estructura de montaje de
la válvula, extendida por esta o estas partes tubulares.
Éstas últimas realizan por si solas una
extensión activa, realizada particularmente por medio de uno o
varios globos hinchables, a nivel de sus zonas provistas de dichos
medios de fijación; las válvulas de la válvula se unen a dichos
elementos de refuerzo alargados y por tanto se sitúan sobre una
parte del soporte que no va a requerir medios de extensión, de
manera que se elimina el riesgo al deterioro de estas válvulas por
estos medios de extensión.
La extensión de la o de las partes tubulares no
requiere una fuerza radial tan considerable como la necesaria para
la extensión de un stent, y la ligera flexibilidad, de ésta o estas
partes tubulares más allá de su posición de extensión permite
suprimir el riesgo a deteriorar el conducto corporal que se produce
al utilizar los globos hinchables.
La estructura flexible de la o de las partes
tubulares las permite además ajustarse perfectamente a la anatomía
específica del lugar del implante, particularmente cuando éste no es
circular en sección transversal debido a la presencia de zonas
calcificadas.
El soporte tiene una rigidez longitudinal global
claramente menor que la de un stent, lo que facilita notablemente el
avance del catéter del implante hasta el lugar del implante.
Las comisuras de las válvulas no están unidas a
una zona extensible y la estructura formada por dichos elementos de
refuerzo alargados garantizan la extensión adecuada de estas
válvulas.
La válvula puede fabricarse de un tejido
biológico o de un material sintético como por ejemplo un polímero.
Puede presentar un anillo de base que permite su unión hermética,
particularmente por sutura, a dicha parte tubular o a una de dichas
partes tubulares.
Dicha parte tubular, o una pared periférica que
comprende la válvula, puede presentar aberturas laterales de manera
que permite un flujo natural sanguíneo hacia las aberturas
coronarias, sin riesgo de estancamiento.
Preferentemente, dicha o dichas partes tubulares
presentan al menos una cámara periférica hinchable, que puede
hincharse para formar una articulación que asegura el hermetismo
entre esta parte tubular y la pared del conducto corporal a
equipar.
La zona proximal de la parte tubular o de la
porción tubular proximal en caso de una pluralidad de partes
tubulares, puede presentar una forma troncocónica adaptada para
apoyarse contra la pared del ventrículo.
La o las partes tubulares pueden fabricarse a
partir de un material biológico o sintético, particularmente un
polímero o un tejido de fibras conocido como "dacron".
Dichos medios de fijación están preferentemente
formados por grapas de anclaje que presentan varillas de anclaje,
insertándose estas varillas de anclaje en la pared del conducto
corporal a equipar al final de la extensión de ésta o estas partes
tubulares.
Éstas grapas pueden ser plásticamente
deformables; los medios pueden estar provistos para extender las
varillas de anclaje de estas grapas de una manera no radial,
particularmente en una orientación oblicua o de acuerdo con una
trayectoria curva, para reforzar la resistencia del anclaje
obtenido.
Al menos una de estas grapas puede ser de un
material con memoria de forma tal como de aleación de níquel y de
titanio conocido con la denominación "NITINOL". Una grapa de
este tipo puede entonces adoptar antes del implante una
configuración de inserción, en la que sus varillas de anclaje se
orientan sensiblemente de manera radial con respecto a la parte
tubular para poder insertarse en la pared del conducto, y una
configuración de anclaje, en la que estas mismas varillas de anclaje
se orientan de manera no radial y/o se curvan para garantizar el
anclaje de las grapas en la pared del conducto corporal a
equipar.
Los medios de fijación también pueden comprender
un adhesivo biológico, que puede estar contenido en las vesículas
rompibles situadas sobre la superficie radialmente externa de la o
de las partes tubulares.
Estas vesículas se rompen durante su
aplastamiento entre la o las partes tubulares y la pared del
conducto corporal y permiten de este modo liberar el adhesivo.
Cada elemento de refuerzo alargado presenta
ventajosamente una forma curva y se dispone con su lado convexo
girado radialmente hacia el interior del soporte, de tal manera que
este soporte presenta, a nivel de su zona media, un diámetro
inferior con respecto al que presenta a nivel de sus extremos
axiales.
Este diámetro inferior permite eliminar
cualquier riesgo de recubrimiento de las aberturas coronarias.
De acuerdo con una forma de realización
preferida de la invención, el soporte comprende:
- -
- dos partes tubulares tales como las descritas anteriormente, y
- -
- una de los extremos de dichos elementos de refuerzo alargados está unido a una de esas partes tubulares mientras que el otro extremo de estos elementos de refuerzo alargado está unido a la otra parte tubular.
\vskip1.000000\baselineskip
La extensión de estas dos partes tubulares
garantiza una perfecta extensión de los elementos de refuerzo
alargados.
De acuerdo con otra forma de realización posible
de la invención, el soporte comprende una parte tubular única que se
extiende sobre la unidad del soporte, en la pared a la que se unen
dichos elementos de refuerzo alargados.
Esta parte tubular única puede presentar las
aberturas laterales mencionadas anteriormente con respecto a las
aberturas coronarias.
De acuerdo aún con otra forma de realización
posible de la invención, el soporte comprende una parte tubular
única, de la que, dichos elementos de refuerzo alargados, sobresalen
sobre un extremo axial de esta parte tubular.
Este soporte puede permitir particularmente el
implante de una válvula mitral.
Para su buena comprensión, la invención se
describe de nuevo a continuación con referencia a los dibujos
esquemáticos adjuntos que representan, a modo de ejemplo no
limitativo, una forma de realización preferida de la unidad a la que
se refiere la invención.
La figura 1 es una vista lateral con sección
parcial, en estado extendido y antes del implante, en el caso de un
implante de una válvula aórtica;
la figura 2 es una vista lateral durante la
colocación en una aorta y antes de la extensión, que se encuentra
situada sobre un instrumento que permite su colocación y su
extensión;
la figura 3 es una vista parcial, a escala
aumentada, antes del anclaje a la pared aórtica;
la figura 4 es una vista similar a la figura 2,
durante la extensión;
la figura 5 es una vista similar a la figura 3
después del anclaje a la pared aórtica;
la figura 6 es una vista similar a la figura 1
después del implante, habiéndose retirado dicho instrumento de
colocación y de extensión;
las figuras 7 y 8 son vistas de dicha unidad
similares a la figura 6 de acuerdo con dos variantes de realización,
representándose esquemáticamente en la figura 8 dicho instrumento de
colocación y de extensión;
las figuras 9A, 10A, 11A, 12A, 13A y 14A son
vistas en sección de una paleta que comprende dicha unidad y de una
grapa que incluye esta paleta, antes de llegar a graparse en
posición de anclaje;
las figuras 9B, 10B, 11B, 12B, 13B y 14B son
vistas que corresponden respectivamente a las figuras 9A, 10A, 11A,
12A, 13A y 14A después de llegar a graparse en posición de
anclaje;
la figura 13C es una vista en sección de acuerdo
con la línea XIIIC-XIIIC de la figura 13B;
las figuras 15 y 16 son vistas en perspectiva de
otras variantes de realización de una grapa;
la figura 17 es una vista lateral de otra
variante de realización de una grapa;
la figura 18 es una vista en sección de otra
forma de realización de dicho instrumento de colocación y extensión,
durante la colocación de dicha unidad;
la figura 19 es una vista de este instrumento
similar a la figura 18 durante el implante de esta unidad;
la figura 20 es una vista en sección de este
instrumento de acuerdo con la línea XX-XX de la
figura 19;
las figuras 21 y 22 son vistas en sección
longitudinal de otras tres formas de realización de este mismo
instrumento, cuando está colocado en una aorta; mostrando también la
figura 21 dicha unidad durante el implante, y
la figura 23 es una vista de dicha unidad, en el
caso de implante de una válvula mitral.
La figura 1 representa una unidad 1 que permite
ajustar una válvula aórtica protésica en una aorta.
Esta unidad 1 comprende un soporte 2 sobre el
cual se monta esta válvula aórtica protésica 3.
El soporte 2 comprende dos partes tubulares de
extremos 4 y una serie de elementos de refuerzo alargados 5.
Las partes tubulares 4 son de un material
flexible ligeramente elástico en la dirección circunferencial de
esas partes tubulares 4. Pueden fabricarse particularmente a partir
de un polímero o de un tejido de fibras conocido como "dacron",
o de un tejido biológico como el pericardio.
El diámetro de esas partes tubulares 4
corresponden aproximadamente al diámetro de las localizaciones de la
aorta con respecto a las cuales dichas partes tubulares 4 están
destinadas a implantarse, es decir, como se muestra en las figuras 2
a 6, respectivamente el anillo valvular original 101 y la pared 102
de la aorta se extienden más allá de las aberturas coronarias
103.
Cada elemento de refuerzo alargado 5 se fabrica
a partir de un material relativamente rígido, particularmente de un
material metálico. Presenta una parte central alargada curva 5a y
dos paletas de extremos 5b, por las que se une a las respectivas
partes tubulares 4.
Como se muestra en la figura 1, estos elementos
5 se distribuyen de manera regular sobre la periferia de las partes
tubulares 4 y se disponen con su lado convexo girado radialmente
hacia el interior del soporte 2. Este último presenta por tanto, a
nivel de su zona media, un diámetro inferior al que presenta a nivel
de sus extremos axiales.
Cada paleta 5b está integrada en la parte
tubular 4 correspondiente y está fijada a ésta particularmente por
suturas. Comprende uno o varios huecos atravesados dispuestos
radialmente, en particular dos huecos en el ejemplo representado, en
los que se introducen las varillas laterales de anclaje de una grapa
6.
Como se muestra en las figuras 1 y 3, estas
varillas laterales se sitúan, antes del implante, por detrás de los
orificios radialmente exteriores de estos huecos, de manera que la
grapa 6 no sobresale más allá de la superficie radialmente exterior
de la parte tubular 4 sino que sobresale radialmente hacia el
interior de esta parte tubular 4. Estos huecos se ajustan a dichas
varillas laterales de manera que la grapa 6 se mantiene en esos
huecos por rozamiento. Estas varillas pueden no obstante deslizarse
en esos huecos hacia una posición de anclaje representada en las
figuras 5 y 6, cuando se coloca un globo hinchable contra la varilla
mediana de la grapa 6.
La válvula 3 no forma parte en sí misma de la
invención y no se ha detallado particularmente. Puede fabricarse a
partir de un tejido biológico o de un material sintético,
particularmente un polímero, y presenta un anillo de base unido a la
parte tubular 4 proximal particularmente por sutura y válvulas cuyas
comisuras 3a se unen a las partes 5a adyacentes de los elementos
5.
La unión del anillo de base a la parte 4
proximal garantiza el hermetismo de la válvula 3 entre este anillo y
esta parte tubular, y la unión de las comisuras 3a a los elementos 5
permite la extensión de las válvulas cuando se realiza la extensión
del soporte 2.
El instrumento 10 de posicionamiento y de
extensión de la unidad 1 comprende, como se representa en la figura
2, un catéter 11 de flujo sanguíneo durante el implante de la unidad
1, tres globos 12, 13, 14 y una envoltura 9 de sujeción de las
partes 4 y de los elementos 5 en una posición de contracción.
El catéter 11 comprende una abertura distal 11a
de flujo sanguíneo más allá de la unidad 1 durante el implante.
Eventualmente puede comprender una bomba que facilita este
flujo.
El globo proximal 12 es troncocónico y se
dimensiona para apoyarse contra la pared ensanchada 104 del
ventrículo cuando se hincha. Permite de esta manera, a consecuencia
de su apoyo contra esta pared 104, posicionar con precisión el
instrumento 10 y la unidad 1 con respecto al lugar del implante, no
obstante los latidos del corazón desbloquean el paso sanguíneo para
canalizarse en el interior del catéter 11.
El globo 13 se extiende con respecto al anillo
de base de la válvula 3. Permite la extensión de la parte 4 proximal
y de este anillo de base.
El globo distal 14 se extiende en cuanto al
mismo con respecto a la parte 4 distal, lo que permite la
extensión.
La envoltura 9 se desliza sobre el catéter 11 y
permite, cuando se retira, liberar la unidad 1. Como se muestra en
la figura 4, el globo 13 se hincha aunque la envoltura 9 recubre aún
la parte 4 distal. El hinchamiento del globo 13 se realiza hasta
colocar la parte 4 contra el anillo 101 después apoyarse contra las
varillas medianas de las grapas 6 para realizar el deslizamiento de
las grapas 6 en los huecos de las paletas 5b e insertar de esta
manera las varillas laterales de esas grapas 6 en este anillo
101.
Una vez que se ha realizado el anclaje de la
parte 4 proximal, la envoltura 9 se retrae para liberar la parte 4
distal, que está extendida y anclada por medio del globo 14, de la
misma manera que se indicado anteriormente.
La extensión de las partes tubulares 4 produce
la extensión de los elementos 5 y por tanto de la válvula 3.
La estructura flexible de las partes 4 permite a
estas últimas ajustarse a la anatomía específica del lugar del
implante, particularmente cuando se conserva la válvula original y/o
cuando esta válvula o el anillo 101 presentan zonas
calcificadas.
Los elementos 5 permiten garantizar la extensión
adecuada de las válvulas cualquiera que sea la forma de las partes
tubulares 4 después del implante, y los espacios laterales que
delimitan esos elementos 5 entre si permiten un amplio flujo
sanguíneo hacia las aberturas coronarias 103.
En cuanto a las grapas 6 permiten, por su
número, garantizar una perfecta inmovilización de la unidad 1 en el
lugar del implante.
La figura 7 muestra una unidad 1 en la que la
válvula 3 presenta una pared periférica 3b. Esta pared 3b está unida
a elementos 5 y presenta aberturas laterales 18, dispuestas entre
las válvulas, que permiten el flujo sanguíneo hacia las aberturas
coronarias 103.
La figura 8 muestra una unidad 1 en la que la
zona proximal 4a de la parte tubular proximal 4 presenta, o adopta
por deformación elástica, una forma troncocónica adaptada para
apoyarse contra la pared 104 del ventrículo. El globo 12 permite la
extensión de esta zona 4a.
Las figuras 9A a 17 muestran diferentes
variantes posibles en las formas de las paletas 5b y de las grapas
6.
Las figuras 9A a 13C muestran grapas 6 que
permiten un anclaje por deformación plástica. En este caso, los
huecos de una paleta 5b pueden no orientarse radialmente sino en
oblicuo (véase figura 9A) de manera que se realiza una extensión
oblicua de las varillas de anclaje de la grapa 6 (véase la figura
9B), reforzando la resistencia del anclaje obtenido; la varilla
mediana de la grapa 6 puede presentar una forma no rectilínea, es
decir en espiga (véase la figura 10A) u ondulada (véase la figura
11A), para orientar las varillas de anclaje según las direcciones
oblicuas cuando los globos 13 y 14 se aplican contra ella (véanse
las figuras 10B, 11B); las varillas laterales pueden ser rectilíneas
(véanse las figuras 9A a 10B) o curvas (véanse las figuras 11A,
11B).
Al menos una grapa 6 puede ser también de un
material de memoria de forma, particularmente de aleación de níquel
y de titanio conocido con el nombre "NITINOL". Las varillas de
anclaje de esta grapa 6 pueden ser rectilíneas antes del anclaje
(véase la figura 12A) y pueden curvarse, por memoria de forma (véase
la figura 12B).
La grapa 6 también puede desplazarse axialmente
con respecto a la paleta 5b, orientándose con respecto a ésta, para
extender dichas varillas de anclaje. Esta orientación puede
realizarse particularmente introduciendo una o varias zapatas 6a que
comprende en una ranura en "T" dispuesta en la paleta 5b (véase
figuras 13A a 13C); pudiendo girar estas varillas de anclaje y
desplazarse para apoyarse contra las paredes 15 correspondientes de
la paleta 5b (véanse las figuras 13A, 13B) o deformarse (véanse
figuras 14A, 14B).
Ese desplazamiento puede realizarse
particularmente por medio de un globo de múltiples cámaras,
hinchadas sucesivamente para incorporar axialmente las grapas 6
hacia la posición de extensión de sus varillas de anclaje.
Las figuras 15 y 16 muestran que las grapas 6
puede presentar dos varillas medianas perpendiculares y comprender
entonces cuatro varillas de anclaje que favorecen un hundimiento
perpendicular en la pared. Estas varillas medianas pueden incluir
una plaqueta 16 que favorece el apoyo de los globos 13 y 14 contra
ellas.
La figura 17 muestra que las grapas 6 pueden
presentar forma de arpón. También pueden tener forma de
chincheta.
Las figuras 18 a 20 muestran que el globo 14
puede sustituirse por brazos radiales desplegables 21. El
instrumento 10 presenta entonces un catéter 11, un globo 23 de
extensión de elementos 5 y una envoltura interior 24 unida por su
extremo proximal al catéter 11 pero que puede deslizarse con
respecto a este último hacia fuera de este extremo. Esta envoltura
24 presenta ranuras longitudinales que individualizan los brazos 21,
y su deslizamiento provoca la extensión de esos brazos 21 por
deformación elástica de esta envoltura 24.
La figura 21 muestra que el globo 12 puede
sustituirse por una estructura 25 de brazos radiales desplegables 26
similares a los descritos en relación a las figuras 18 a 20.
La figura 22 muestra que el globo 12 puede
sustituirse por una estructura 35 desplegable a modo de paraguas,
comprendiendo esta estructura 35 una serie de "ballenas" 36 de
toma de apoyo contra la pared 104.
La figura 23 muestra una unidad 1 cuyo soporte 2
comprende una parte tubular 4 única, de la que sobresalen, sobre un
extremo axial de esta parte tubular 4, elementos de refuerzo
alargados 5. Estos últimos son rectilíneos y de longitud limitada;
permiten, del mismo modo indicado anteriormente, la extensión de la
válvula 3.
De este modo, según lo indicado anteriormente,
la invención proporciona una unidad que permite ajustar una válvula
protésica en un conducto corporal, particularmente una válvula
cardíaca y en particular una válvula aórtica, que presenta ventajas
determinantes con respecto a las unidades homologas de la técnica
anterior.
Ni que decir que la invención no se limita a la
forma de realización descrita anteriormente como ejemplo sino que
por contra incluye todas las variantes de realización que entran en
el ámbito de la protección definida por las reivindicaciones
adjuntas en este documento. De esta manera, los elementos 5 pueden
presentar una forma rectilínea en reposo y contraerse a nivel de su
parte central por un elemento que sujeta su expansión radialmente
para proporcionarle una curvatura hacia el interior del conducto
corporal; el globo 13 puede sustituirse por brazos radiales
desplegables; pueden considerarse otros medios de posicionamiento
proximal aparte del globo 12, los brazos 25 o las ballenas 36, el
catéter 11 puede comprender una válvula
anti-retorno.
Claims (18)
1. Unidad (1) que permite ajustar una válvula
protésica (3) en un conducto corporal, que comprende la válvula
protésica (3) a implantar y un soporte (2) que recibe esta válvula
(3), conformándose la válvula (3) y el soporte (2) de manera que
pueden adoptar una posición de contracción radial, que permite su
inserción en el conducto corporal a equipar usando medios (10) de
inserción/extensión, y una posición de extensión radial, en la que
el soporte (2) se inmoviliza con respecto a la pared del conducto
corporal a equipar; comprendiendo el soporte (2):
- -
- al menos una parte tubular (4) de un material ligeramente elástico en dirección circunferencial, que presenta, en su posición de extensión, una dimensión en la dirección circunferencial que corresponde aproximadamente a la dimensión en la dirección circunferencial de la localización (101, 102) del conducto corporal con respecto al cual debe implantarse esta parte tubular (4);
- -
- medios (6) de fijación de esta parte tubular (4) a la pared del conducto corporal, caracterizándose la unidad por que el soporte comprende:
- -
- una pluralidad de elementos de refuerzo alargados (5), dispuestos sobre la circunferencia de dicha parte tubular (4) y unidos a esta parte tubular (4) de manera independiente entre sí; estando unida la válvula (3) al menos parcialmente a esos elementos de refuerzo alargados (5), particularmente a nivel de las comisuras (3a) de sus válvulas y formando esos elementos de refuerzo alargados (5) conjuntamente, en posición extendida, una estructura que tiene un diámetro predeterminado que garantiza la extensión adecuada de esta válvula (3).
\vskip1.000000\baselineskip
2. Unidad (1) de acuerdo con la reivindicación
1, caracterizada por que la válvula (3) presenta un anillo de
base que permite su unión hermética, particularmente por sutura, a
dicha parte tubular (4) o a una de dichas partes tubulares (4).
3. Unidad (1) de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1
o la reivindicación 2, para implantar una válvula aórtica (3),
caracterizada por que dicha parte tubular (4) o una pared
periférica (3b) que comprende la válvula (3), presenta aberturas
laterales (18) de manera que permite un flujo natural sanguíneo
hacia las aberturas coronarias (103) sin riesgo de
estancamiento.
4. Unidad (1) de acuerdo con una de las
reivindicaciones 1 a 3, caracterizada por que la o dichas
partes tubulares presentan al menos una cámara periférica hinchable,
que puede hincharse para formar una articulación que garantiza el
cierre hermético entre esta parte tubular y la pared del conductor
corporal a equipar.
5. Unidad (1) de acuerdo con una de las
reivindicaciones 1 a 4 para implantar una válvula aórtica (3),
caracterizada por que la zona proximal de dicha parte
tubular, o de la parte tubular (4) proximal en caso de una
pluralidad de partes tubulares, presenta una forma troncocónica
adecuada para apoyarse contra la pared de ventrículo.
6. Unidad (1) de acuerdo con una de las
reivindicaciones 1 a 5, caracterizada por que dichos medios
de fijación están formados por grapas de anclaje (6) que presentan
varillas de anclaje, insertándose estas varillas de anclaje en la
pared del conducto corporal a equipar al final de la extensión de
esta o estas partes tubulares (4).
7. Unidad (1) de acuerdo con la reivindicación
6, caracterizada por que las grapas (6) son plásticamente
deformables y por que los medios (5b, 15) se proporcionan para
extender las varillas de anclaje de esas grapas (6) de manera no
radial, particularmente en oblicuo o de acuerdo con una trayectoria
curva.
8. Unidad (1) de acuerdo con la reivindicación
6, caracterizada por que al menos una grapa (6) es de un
material con memoria de forma tal como de aleación de níquel y de
titanio conocido como "NITINOL".
9. Unidad (1) de acuerdo con una de las
reivindicaciones 1 a 8, caracterizada por que dichos medios
de fijación comprenden un adhesivo biológico.
10. Unidad (1) de acuerdo con la reivindicación
9, caracterizada por que el adhesivo se encuentra en el
interior de vesículas rompibles situadas sobre la superficie
radialmente externa de la parte o partes tubulares.
11. Unidad (1) de acuerdo con una de las
reivindicaciones 1 a 10, caracterizada por que cada elemento
de refuerzo alargado (5) presenta una forma curva y se dispone con
su lado convexo girado radialmente hacia el interior del soporte
(2), de manera que este soporte (2) presenta a nivel de su zona
media, un diámetro inferior respecto al que presenta a nivel de sus
extremos axiales.
12. Unidad (1) de acuerdo con una de las
reivindicaciones 1 a 11, caracterizada por que el soporte (2)
comprende:
- -
- dos partes tubulares (4) como se han descrito anteriormente, y
- -
- uno de los extremos de dichos elementos de refuerzo alargados (5) está unido a una de esas partes tubulares (4) mientras que el otro extremo de estos elementos de refuerzo alargados (5) está unido a la otra parte tubular (4).
13. Unidad (1) de acuerdo con una de las
reivindicaciones 1 a 11, caracterizada por que el soporte
comprende una parte tubular única que se extiende sobre la unidad
del soporte, a la pared a la que se unen dichos elementos de
refuerzo alargados.
14. Unidad de acuerdo con una de las
reivindicaciones 1 a 11, caracterizada por que el soporte (2)
comprende una parte tubular (4) única, de la cual dichos elementos
de refuerzo alargados (5) sobresalen sobre un extremo axial de esta
parte tubular (4).
15. Unidad de acuerdo con una de las
reivindicaciones 1 a 14, caracterizada por que los elementos
de refuerzo alargados presentan una forma rectilínea en reposo y
están limitados a nivel de su parte central por un elemento que
sujeta su expansión radialmente para proporcionarlos una curva hacia
el interior del conducto corporal.
16. Combinación de la unidad (1) de acuerdo con
una de las reivindicaciones 12 a 15 y medios (10) de
inserción/extensión para ajustar esta unidad (1),
caracterizada por que dichos medios de inserción/extensión
comprenden un catéter (11) de flujo sanguíneo durante el implante de
la unidad (1), al menos un globo (13, 14) para extender al menos una
parte tubular (4) y una envoltura (9) para sostener esta parte
tubular (4) y elementos de refuerzo alargados (5) en una posición de
contracción.
17. Combinación de acuerdo con la reivindicación
16, caracterizada por que dichos medios (10) de
inserción/ex-
tensión comprenden un medio de posicionamiento proximal (12, 25, 36), dimensionado para apoyarse contra la pared (104) del ventrículo.
tensión comprenden un medio de posicionamiento proximal (12, 25, 36), dimensionado para apoyarse contra la pared (104) del ventrículo.
18. Combinación de acuerdo con la reivindicación
16 o la reivindicación 17, caracterizada por que dichos
medios (10) de inserción/extensión comprenden una bomba que facilita
el flujo sanguíneo más allá de la unidad (1) durante el
implante.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0110281A FR2828091B1 (fr) | 2001-07-31 | 2001-07-31 | Ensemble permettant la mise en place d'une valve prothetique dans un conduit corporel |
| FR0110281 | 2001-07-31 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2335652T3 true ES2335652T3 (es) | 2010-03-31 |
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ID=8866151
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES02791513T Expired - Lifetime ES2335652T3 (es) | 2001-07-31 | 2002-07-30 | Unidad que permite ajustar una valvula protesica en un conducto corporal. |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7682390B2 (es) |
| EP (1) | EP1411865B1 (es) |
| JP (1) | JP4212474B2 (es) |
| AT (1) | ATE440568T1 (es) |
| AU (1) | AU2002334045B2 (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2456002C (es) |
| DE (1) | DE60233503D1 (es) |
| DK (1) | DK1411865T3 (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2335652T3 (es) |
| FR (1) | FR2828091B1 (es) |
| WO (1) | WO2003011195A2 (es) |
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-
2001
- 2001-07-31 FR FR0110281A patent/FR2828091B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2002
- 2002-07-30 US US10/484,865 patent/US7682390B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-07-30 AT AT02791513T patent/ATE440568T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-07-30 JP JP2003516429A patent/JP4212474B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2002-07-30 WO PCT/FR2002/002745 patent/WO2003011195A2/fr not_active Ceased
- 2002-07-30 DE DE60233503T patent/DE60233503D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-30 ES ES02791513T patent/ES2335652T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-30 AU AU2002334045A patent/AU2002334045B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-07-30 EP EP02791513A patent/EP1411865B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-30 DK DK02791513T patent/DK1411865T3/da active
- 2002-07-30 CA CA2456002A patent/CA2456002C/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1411865A2 (fr) | 2004-04-28 |
| EP1411865B1 (fr) | 2009-08-26 |
| ATE440568T1 (de) | 2009-09-15 |
| DK1411865T3 (da) | 2010-01-04 |
| US20050033398A1 (en) | 2005-02-10 |
| AU2002334045B2 (en) | 2007-11-08 |
| JP4212474B2 (ja) | 2009-01-21 |
| FR2828091B1 (fr) | 2003-11-21 |
| US7682390B2 (en) | 2010-03-23 |
| DE60233503D1 (de) | 2009-10-08 |
| WO2003011195A2 (fr) | 2003-02-13 |
| WO2003011195A3 (fr) | 2004-02-12 |
| CA2456002C (fr) | 2010-07-20 |
| JP2004535897A (ja) | 2004-12-02 |
| CA2456002A1 (fr) | 2003-02-13 |
| FR2828091A1 (fr) | 2003-02-07 |
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