ES2343181T3 - ELECTRICAL SUPPLY NETWORK WITH SHORT CIRCUIT AND INTERRUPTION DETECTION FOR VEHICLE ONBOARD NETWORKS. - Google Patents

Abstract

Power supply network for on-board vehicle networks, comprising at least one network system (10) with a power supply connection (14), with at least one consumer connection (16) and with a line system supply (12) extending from the power supply connection (14) to the at least one consumer connection (16) and having at least one line bundle (20) that conducts current and at least one jacket of protection that surrounds it, and that is provided with a detector line system (24), a detector circuit (30) that is connected to a first end (26) of the detector line system (24), a terminal element ( 32) that at least one additional end (28) of the detector line system (24) is provided and to which the detector line system (24) is connected, generating the detector circuit (30) a test signal (P) that in the defect-free state is influenced by the system of l detector lines (24) and the terminal element (32), and the detector circuit (30) registering a defect due to the deviation of the test signal (P) from a range of theoretical values (SB) corresponding to the defect-free state , characterized in that the detector line system (24) is designed in such a way that, when a local voltage arc occurs, it irreversibly changes electrical properties such that the test signal (P) is outside the range of theoretical values (SB), so that a defect is detected, and because, when registering a defect, the detector circuit (30) causes the separation of the supply line system (12) from the power supply (Q).

Description

Power supply network with detection of Short circuit and interruption for on-board networks vehicles.

The invention relates to a supply network electric for on-board networks of vehicles of any type, is that is, for land, air and water vehicles, especially for on-board networks of motor vehicles, comprising at least a network system with a power supply connection, with at least one consumer connection and with a system of lines of supply that extends from the power connection of current to the at least one consumer connection and that presents the least one beam of lines that conducts current and at least one shirt of protection that surrounds it.

These types of supply networks are known as car technology

However, if the line system of supply works with voltages higher than 12 volts, preferably greater than 20 volts, usually and frequently even higher than 30 volts, there is a potential of latent danger when the line beam carrying current is interrupted, for example, by an unintentional separation of a separable connection or due to a defect or in case of damage to the protective shirt, because in this case, beyond the defect of the line beam that conducts current or starting from the line beam which conducts current, to any part of the vehicle, especially to any part of the vehicle that is on mass, a voltaic arc can be produced that by the intensities of current available usually constitutes a considerable risk of fire.

Therefore, the invention aims at improve an arrangement of lines of the generic type in such a way that either a voltage arc can be avoided or that in case of an arc arc can be extinguished as much as possible quickly possible.

Document US 6 049 139 A (Nagaura) gives know the control of a signal in a detector line system without at the same time assessing a change in characteristics electrical of said detector line system.

Patent application DE3731537A1 (Siemens) gives to know a system that by selective adjustment of a divisor of tension that is also influenced by the resistance of a screening, is able to detect the type of disturbance at base of the change of tensions that fall in the tension divider.

European patent application EP0812049A (Hitachi) describes an on-board network of a vehicle in topology loop, the loop line being protected by a shielding Line damage is recorded as changes of potential and lead to disconnection. A change of the electrical characteristics; rather, a change of potential of measurement voltages due to unwanted contact With a driver in another potential.

In a power supply network of the type mentioned according to the invention, this objective is achieved in such so that the supply line system is provided with a detector line system that at its first end is connected to a detector circuit and whose at least one end an additional terminal element is connected, and in such a way that the detector circuit generates a test signal that in the state Defect-free is influenced by the detector line and the terminal element, and in such a way that the detector circuit registers a defect due to the deviation of the test signal from an interval of theoretical values corresponding to the free state of defects.

The advantage of the solution according to the invention it is that with it there is the possibility to verify the status Defect-free supply line system not only to through the influence of the detector line system on the test signal, but at the same time also through the influence of the terminal element that is arranged at one end of the detector line system, opposite the detector circuit, and which exerts a definite influence on the test signal.

In principle, the detector circuit could be configured in such a way that it only issues a defect warning to the Register a defect.

For optimal security, preferably, it is provided that the detector circuit triggers, when registering a defect, the separation of the supply line system from the current source.

This separation can be done in different ways. ways, either directly, or indirectly.

For example, through a bus system of own vehicle data or through another security system interspersed could be done this separation.

An especially safe solution provides that the detector circuit excites a separation circuit to separate the power supply line supply system, that is, that a direct excitation of the separation circuit takes place without possible interleaved security systems.

In relation to the solution described so far It is expected that at least one additional end of the line system detector is provided with a terminal element.

Especially in case of anticipating several extremes additional detector line system, conveniently, in each of the additional ends is provided an element terminal to monitor the detector line system in such a way that in the section of the detector line system that leads to corresponding end can register a corresponding interruption of the detector line system.

For substantially complete surveillance of the line beam that conducts current, preferably provided that the detector line system extends so electrically insulated against the line beam that leads current substantially following the extension of the line bundle, such that through the detector line system they can register voltaic arcs from the line bundle.

In particular, the detector line system is configured in such a way that, when a voltaic arc occurs local from a beam of lines that conducts current, changes from irreversible form of electrical properties.

In a particularly advantageous way, the beam of current conducting lines can be monitored if the system of detector lines extends along the beam of lines that leads current.

In a particularly advantageous way, the beam of current conducting lines can be monitored if the system of detector lines extends around the beam of lines that leads current.

Regarding the dimensioning of the terminal element no detailed data has been indicated in the Description above. Only the item has been required terminal should influence the test signal, so that through a deviation from the theoretical value of the test signal can be register a bridge of the terminal element, for example by a short circuit.

It is especially advantageous that, in the defect-free state, the terminal element influences the signal test to a greater extent than the detector line system, of so that the test signal is influenced first by the terminal element and in this way can be detected so reliable the undisturbed presence of the latter and, therefore, the functionality of the detector line system.

It is especially favorable that the element terminal influence the test signal with an intensity at least by a factor 10 greater than the detector line system.

It is even better if the terminal element influences the test signal with an intensity of at least one factor 50, even better by a factor 100 greater than the line system of detector.

In the simplest case, the terminal element is configured in such a way that it comprises a resistor electrical that through its electrical properties influences the test signal

By electrical resistance of this type not only Ohm resistance is understood, but any kind of electrical resistance, that is, both Ohm resistance and a capacitive resistance or an inductive resistance or a combination of all these possibilities.

To be able to generate additionally through the terminal element other defect messages, preferably provided that the terminal element comprises a switch electric.

An electrical switch of this type offers, in addition to the surveillance of the detector line system a through the detector line system, the possibility of warning in addition to other faulty states of the detector circuit.

Another advantageous possibility provides that the electric switch constitutes a status indicator for defects  of a system supply line connection to units following.

These following units may be, by for example, consumers or other electrical units or other systems Network

In the simplest case, it is expected that the Electric switch can be controlled mechanically by opening this way, for example, the possibility of checking a union mechanical with a following unit, for example, a connection by Plug.

Another advantageous possibility provides that the electric switch can be electrically controlled, which offers the possibility of registering registrable states electrically in the following units.

An advantageous solution envisages registering the voltage fed through the line beam that conducts current to the next unit, in order to be able to detect for example defects in the same line beam.

Another possibility provides that by excitement electrical switch through a detector circuit of a later network system, the defects of this one can be registered by the previous network system.

Regarding the signal generation No detailed data has been indicated in the Description above.

Generally, the test signal can be generated and evaluated by the diverse detector circuit ways.

An especially advantageous solution for its facility provides that the detector circuit records with the signal of it tests an electrical resistance formed in the terminal element by The detector line system.

The electrical resistance could be registered, by example, within the framework of a closed loop. However, in networks of on board vehicles, for ease, it is especially advantageous if the detector circuit detects the electrical resistance against mass.

Therefore, in the simplest case, the terminal element is disposed between the second end of the detector line system and mass.

In the solution according to the invention, the signal of test can be generated in a particularly simple way, if It can be generated by a voltage divider.

In this case, the voltage divider, preferably, it is configured such that the element terminal is an element of the voltage divider.

In addition, it is advantageous if the system Detector lines is an element of the voltage divider.

In addition, it is conveniently provided that, for generate the test signal, the detector circuit comprises a first branch of a voltage divider, which extends from the first end of the detector line system to a supply of tension.

Such a circuit to generate the signal Test can be done in a particularly simple way.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the terminal element and the detector line system form a second branch of the voltage divider, so that the terminal element and the detector line system contribute directly to the determination of the test signal and that every change in the area of the detector line system or the terminal element, in the sense of an interruption or a short circuit, significantly change the signal of
proof.

It is especially advantageous, if the second voltage divider branch is between the first end of the detector and mass line system, especially for be able to register any connection between the line system of detector and mass directly as a significant influence on the test signal

In a voltage divider of this type it results especially advantageous, if the test signal is monitored voltage at the first end of the detector line.

This can be done in a way especially simple, if the detector circuit registers with a monitoring circuit an excess or default overflow of voltage thresholds

It is especially advantageous if the circuit detector monitors the voltage with the voltage monitoring circuit with a view to exceeding an upper voltage threshold and a exceeds a lower voltage threshold.

As for the test signal, not even in voltage measurement is established if they are to be continuous or alternate tensions.

Within the framework of the solution according to the invention both possibilities are possible.

Thus, a first possibility provides that the signal test is a continuous voltage signal that can be generated easily.

In the simplest case, a voltage signal continuous of this type is a continuous voltage signal with a single potential for continuous tension.

However, it is also possible that the signal from test understand several potentials of continuous voltage.

In case of anticipating several voltage potentials continuous, these can preferably be performed successive

This sequence of continuous voltage signals does not it must necessarily occur with a certain duration of period or a certain frequency. It is also possible to perform this type of DC voltage potentials so that it happen stochastically.

It is especially advantageous, if at least during a surveillance period there is a change between Continuous voltage potentials.

In addition, the monitoring circuit, preferably, it must be adapted to the type of the test signal.

In case of a potential for continuous voltage constant, the monitoring circuit must be configured in such a way so that it records the potential for continuous voltage in case only constantly or in the planned surveillance periods.

However, especially in the case of several DC voltage potentials, it is advantageous if the circuit monitoring assesses differences between voltage potentials keep going.

Another advantageous solution provides that the circuit of surveillance assesses a development of voltage potentials keep going.

This evaluation of the development of DC voltage potentials foresees, for example, that it evaluates durations of periods or time durations of a high phase or of a low phase of the continuous voltage potentials.

A particularly advantageous solution provides that the surveillance circuit evaluates flanks of a change in the Continuous voltage potentials.

Another advantageous solution provides, within the framework of concept according to the invention, that the test signal is a signal of AC voltage, being especially advantageous, if the signal of test is a high frequency alternating voltage signal, since in this case there is not only the possibility of registering the voltage of this, but also to evaluate frequency parts and, given the case, the frequency parts in addition to the voltages.

An embodiment especially Convenient solution according to the invention provides that the system of detector lines and the at least one form supporting elements of an oscillating circuit, so that the development of the frequency of the test signal.

For this, for example, it is planned that the monitoring circuit evaluates signal frequency components test.

This evaluation of frequency components of the test signal can be performed in a special way advantageous, if the monitoring circuit registers the components of frequency through bandpass filters.

As for the circuit configuration detector itself, no detailed data has been indicated in the Description of the invention above. So, an example of advantageous embodiment provides that the detector circuit has a surveillance circuit with a learning mode in which you can determine the range of theoretical values for the signal of proof.

Therefore, for each supply network according to the invention an adaptation to the extension can be made actual detector line system and elements terminals

This is advantageous not only in case of a DC voltage signal as a test signal, but particularly  also in the case of high frequency test signals, since during production it is difficult to specify the influences capacitive and inductive with the necessary precision.

In addition, it is especially advantageous if the control circuit determines the range of theoretical values starting from a measurement value for the test signal, in the fault-free state of the detector line system, with the At least one terminal element.

It is not possible to specify the range of theoretical values in a measurement of the test signal.

Therefore, the range of theoretical values, conveniently, it can be specified by a bandwidth of theoretical values predefined to the monitoring circuit.

Also, the invention relates to a network of electrical supply for on-board networks of vehicles, which it comprises at least one network system with a connection of power supply and with at least one consumer connection and with a supply line system that extends from the power supply connection to at least one connection consumer and that has at least one beam of lines that leads current and separable power contact elements for the line beam that conducts current.

Starting from a power supply network of this type, the objective mentioned at the beginning is achieved in such way that a surveillance line system is planned that It has at least one surveillance line and contact elements of detachable surveillance in the surveillance line, which surveillance contact elements are coupled with the power contact elements such that the separation of The surveillance contact elements occur at the latest when the power contact elements are separated, and of such form that a monitoring circuit is planned that by means of a test signal monitors the surveillance line system and that by means of a disconnecting device interrupts a flow of current through the line beam that conducts current, being Separate surveillance contact elements.

The advantage of this solution is that This way there can be no accidental separation of power contact elements while the beam of lines, so that also during the separation of the elements Power contact can prevent arc formation voltaic.

Another advantage of this solution is that the current conducting part of the line beam is switched to the state without current, which avoids contact voltages unacceptably high.

It is especially advantageous if the elements of contact monitoring are arranged so that the power contact elements can only be separated when the Surveillance contact elements are already without contact among them.

This solution has the great advantage that, of this way, in any case, is guaranteed already during the separation of the power contact elements that are interrupted the flow of current by the beam of lines that leads stream.

In a particularly advantageous way, a way This type of embodiment can be done mechanically, if in its contact position the power contact elements mechanically block the separation of contact elements of power

This mechanical blockage could be achieved in principle such that the power contact elements and the monitoring contact elements are not integrated in a common unit, but are provided in two separate units, however the unit with the elements of surveillance contact in such a way as to avoid separation of the unit in which the contact elements of are integrated power.

This is possible, for example, in such a way that the units are coupled together so that even a separation of the unit with the power contact elements cause the separation of the unit for the surveillance contact elements.

In principle, the contact elements too they can be configured as threaded contact elements or as contact elements that can be separated in another way.

However, an embodiment especially advantageous provides that the contact elements of surveillance are configured as elements of a contact of plug, since these can be easily separated, allowing ensure in a simple way that it always occurs on time before a separation of the power contact elements a separation of the monitoring contact elements.

On the other hand, however, for the ease of separation, it is also convenient that the contact elements of power are configured as elements of a contact by Plug.

However, it is especially advantageous if both one of the power contact elements and one of the surveillance contact elements are arranged in one element of connection by plug being arranged the other of the elements of power contact and the other of the contact elements of monitoring on the other plug connection element, so that by this arrangement a mechanical bonding can already occur between the positions of the power contact elements and the surveillance contact elements with respect to each other and how just for the positioning of the power contact elements with respect to the surveillance contact elements, especially for its extension in the direction of plug, it can ensure that, at the latest when the elements of power contact, they are separated from each other also the surveillance contact elements, but if possible Surveillance contact elements separate from each other before that the power contact elements are separated and, on the other part, that the surveillance contact elements are connected electrically between them at the earliest when the power contact elements, but if possible surveillance contact elements are electrically connected between them only after the electrical connection of the elements Power contact

Alternatively or additionally to solutions described above, especially if the elements plug connection are fixed relative to each other by a mechanical interlocking has been shown to be advantageous if the surveillance circuit monitors a mechanical connection of the elements of connection by plug and if it interrupts a current flow by the line beam that conducts current through a disconnection when the mechanical joint is separated.

The advantage of this solution is that this way you can already perform a position monitoring mechanics of the plug connection elements about others.

One possibility is to merely monitor the position relative of the plug connection elements between them.

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Another advantageous possibility provides that the circuit surveillance monitors an interlocking device of the connecting elements by plug and that when the device is separated of interlocking, without the separation of the plug connection elements, interrupt current flow by the beam of lines that conducts current.

This monitoring of the mechanical connection of plug connection elements can be performed alternately or additionally to the surveillance of a surveillance line or of the detector line system.

For example, it is also possible to provide a monitoring of this type of mechanical connection of the elements of plug connection regardless of line system detector or surveillance line and assign it to the component corresponding, in which the connector is arranged by Plug.

However, it is also possible to integrate the plug connection monitoring in general surveillance.

Within the framework of the described solution it turns out especially advantageous, if the surveillance line system is identical to the detector line system, so that as a circuit The monitoring circuit can also be used provided in the detector circuit.

However, in addition to the circuit of planned surveillance in the detecting circuit, it is also possible provide for other monitoring circuits that work independently of this one.

Other features and advantages of the invention are subject to the following description and representation graph of some examples of realization.

In the drawing, they show:

Figure 1 a wiring diagram of a first example of realization of a supply network according to the invention,

Figure 2 a schematic representation of a function of a monitoring circuit;

Figure 3 a wiring diagram of a second embodiment example;

Figure 4 a wiring diagram of a third embodiment example,

Figure 5 a wiring diagram of a fourth embodiment;

Figure 6 a wiring diagram of a fifth embodiment example;

Figure 7 a connection diagram of a sixth exemplary embodiment;

Figure 8 a wiring diagram of a seventh embodiment example;

Figure 9 a wiring diagram of a eighth embodiment;

Figure 10 a wiring diagram of a ninth embodiment;

Figure 11 a wiring diagram of a tenth embodiment example;

Figure 12 a representation of a development of a test signal with several voltage potentials keep going;

Figure 13 a representation of a evaluation in a range of flanks in a test signal according to figure 12;

Figure 14 an alternative representation of an evaluation of a flank range in a test signal according to figure 12;

Figure 15 a wiring diagram of a eleventh example of realization;

Figure 16 a wiring diagram of a twelfth embodiment;

Figure 17 a wiring diagram of a thirteenth example of embodiment;

Figure 18 a wiring diagram of a wiring diagram of a fourteenth embodiment example;

Figure 19 a wiring diagram of a fifteenth embodiment;

Figure 20 a longitudinal section through of a plug connector with connector elements per plug separated, preferably used in the twelfth, the thirteenth and the fourteenth example of embodiment;

Figure 21 a section similar to Figure 20, during the beginning of the plug of the connector elements by plug and establishment of an electrical contact between power contact elements;

Figure 22 a section similar to Figure 20, during the advance of the plug of the connecting elements by plug, there is an electrical contact between the elements of power contact and starting an electrical contact between surveillance contact elements;

Figure 23 a representation of the elements plug connection fully plugged between them and

Figure 24 a schematic section through another plug connector that can be used, for example, in relationship with the fifth embodiment according to figure 6.

A first example of realization of a network of power supply, with a network system designated by 10 in its set in figure 1, especially a supply network of current for on-board vehicle networks, preferably motor vehicles, serves to supply current from a source of current Q to a consumer V.

For this, the power grid system 10 it comprises a system of supply lines 12 that through a power supply connection 14 is connected to the source of current Q and that through at least one connection of consumer 16 is connected to consumer V.

In vehicle on-board networks, especially of motor vehicles, both the current source Q and the consumer V are in mass M, so that the system of supply lines 12 need only a beam of lines 20 that conducts current, which extends from the power connection of current 14 to the consumer connection 16.

The line bundle 20 is wrapped, for its electrical insulation, by a protective jacket 22 that insulates it against the environment, and in vehicles, especially in vehicles of engine, in addition to the body and, consequently, against mass.

Especially in all those cases in which the line beam 20 is operated with voltages greater than 12 volts, preferably greater than 20 volts, there is a latent danger potential in case of line beam defects 20 same or of defects in the protection shirt 22, being able form in this case a voltaic arc which in turn constitutes a considerable fire hazard.

For this reason, the supply line system 12 is assigned a detector line system 24 which has, for example, a detector line 25 that extends in the supply line system 12 substantially along the line bundle. 20, being able to extend for example also in different ways around
East.

The detector line system 24 and the line of detector 25 can be configured, for example, in the manner that It is widely described in the documents DE10234389.6-34 or EP03016367.9. For this reason, to In this regard, reference is made to the full content of the descriptions made in those requests.

The detector line system 24 assigned to the supply line system 12 has a first end 26 and a second end 28 that are respectively near the connections 14, 16 of the supply line system 12, being specially assigned to said connections 14, 16.

According to the invention, the first end 26 is connected to a detector circuit designated by 30 as a whole. The other end 28 is in turn connected to a terminal element designated by 32 as a whole, which in turn, in the case more simple, it is on a connection line 36 between the other end 28 of the detector line system 24 and mass M.

Preferably, in general, the electrical resistance of the terminal element 32 has been chosen such that it is at least in a factor 10, even better in a factor 50, and especially conveniently, in a factor 100 greater than the electrical resistance of the detector line system 24 between the first end 26 and the other end
28.

The detector circuit 30 in turn comprises also an electrical resistor 38 arranged in a line of connection 40 between a voltage supply 42 and a central outlet 44.

The central socket 44 is connected in turn directly to the first end 26 of the detector line system 24 and, in addition, is connected to an input 46 of a circuit surveillance 48.

Therefore, connection line 40 and electrical resistance 38 form a first branch 50 of a divider of voltage located between the voltage supply 42 and the ground, while the detector line system 24 forms, along with the connection line 36 and the terminal element 32 disposed therein, a second branch 52 of said tension divider, both influencing branches 50, 52 in a test signal P originated from the central socket 44.

In the simplest case, the resistances electrical 34 and 38 are Ohm resistors, so that at establish a continuous voltage U in the voltage supply 42, the test signal P corresponds to the electrical potential between the continuous voltage U and mass M, which is adjusted in the socket central.

Said continuous voltage potential is also present at the input 46 of the monitoring circuit 48 and, therefore, it can be detected by it.

To achieve reliable system surveillance of supply lines 12, the monitoring circuit 48 is conceived in such a way that it initially works in a way of learning represented in figure 2.

In the learning mode, in a first step L1 the test signal P is read, in the simplest case, the potential which fits in the center socket 44.

In a second step L2 of the learning mode you calculates a range of theoretical values SB that is calculated from of the potential P and a margin of variation? admitted in addition to the potential P.

When in step L2 of the learning mode you set the range of theoretical values SB, the circuit of monitoring 48 goes to a monitoring mode UW represented in the Figure 2, in which the test signal is always monitored, namely in the sense of whether it is within or outside the range of theoretical values SB.

If the test signal P is within the range of theoretical values, the monitoring circuit 48 remains in UW surveillance mode and continues monitoring of the test signal P.

If the test signal P is outside the range of theoretical values SB, the monitoring circuit 48 jumps to the warning mode ME, in which, through a signal from defect D is notified of a defect in the line system of detector 24.

With this procedure you can detect more diverse defects of the detector line system 24.

A first possible defect would be the interruption of the supply line system 12 at any point between the power supply connection 14 and consumer connection 16.

For the assignment of the line system of detector 24 to the supply line system 12, an interruption of this type also has the inevitable consequence of interruption of the detector line system 24.

This interruption causes the potential in the central socket 44 to be adapted to the potential of the voltage supply 42 and, therefore, that the test signal P itself has a potential outside the range of theoretical values SB, if this is defined as such that it admits, for example, a deviation by +/- 10% of the test signal P
measure.

Another defect would be a short circuit between the detector line system 24 and mass M. This is produced, by example, because supply line system 12 is damaged mechanically by friction or other mechanical influences, of such so that a connection between the line system can occur of detector 24 and a piece carrying mass, for example a piece of bodywork. Because of this short circuit the influence is suppressed of the terminal element 32, so that also the test signal P adopts values outside the range of theoretical values SB.

A short circuit of this type can not only occur against the mass M, but for example also against a part located in the potential of the voltage supply 42. Also in this case, the test signal changes so badly. which is outside the range of theoretical SB values.

Another defect would be the formation of an arc voltaic, or because of two opposite parts of the line bundle 20 due to an interruption only of the line bundle 20 or by a damage of the protective jacket 22 that causes an arc to occur voltaic between the beam of lines 20 and, for example, the mass or other potential.

If the detector line system 24 is conceived in such a way that it irreversibly changes from electrical behavior when a local arc arises, especially causing over time an interruption of electrical conductivity, such an arc causes also the electrical resistance of the detector line system 24 change so badly that the test signal P is placed outside of the range of theoretical values SB.

Therefore, by the solution according to the invention a large number of defects can be detected through its influence on the test signal P.

However, the solution according to the invention does not it is limited to the monitoring of continuous voltage potentials such as test signal P.

For example, it is possible not to set in the voltage supply 42 a continuous voltage but a signal of high frequency, so that it also leads through the two branches 50 and 52 of the voltage divider at the setting of a signal of High frequency P test at center socket 44 of the splitter tension.

The electrical resistors 34 and 38 could be also inductive or capacitive resistors or also understand inductive and / or capacitive parts of Ohm.

In this case, the monitoring circuit 48 does not records no potential for continuous voltage, but at least the amplitude, eventually also the frequency of the test signal P. The same defects that have been described influence the amplitude in relation to the potentials of continuous tension.

In addition, there is the possibility to register especially the formation of voltaic arcs through decoupling of high frequency parts that do not correspond to the frequency in the voltage supply line 42 that by the Formation of voltaic arcs can be coupled to the system of detector lines 24.

If the monitoring circuit 48 detects a defect of this type emitting the defect signal D, in the case simpler this can be used directly in a circuit separation 54 to separate the connection between the connection of power supply 14 and current source Q and avoid this way any danger arising from the power supply of the supply line system 12.

In a second example of realization of a network of power supply according to the invention with a network system 10, those elements that are identical to those of the first example of realization carry the same references, so that as for their description refers to the full content of the description relating to the first embodiment.

However, contrary to the first example of embodiment, the terminal element 32 is not directly connected to mass M, but to a mass line 56 of consumer V, which leads to mass, so that in case of loss of the consumer ground connection V, for example an interruption between mass line 56 and mass M, this, like all other than all other defects that have already been described, can be detected as defect by the monitoring circuit 48 and leads also to the activation of the separation circuit 54.

In a third embodiment, represented in figure 4, of a power supply network according to the invention with a network system 10 ', in the system of supply lines 12 'is further integrated an apparatus of control that as a whole is designated by 60 and that in turn it also comprises, for example, a switch 62 for interruption of the line beam 20.

In this exemplary embodiment, the detector line system 24 'is looped through the control apparatus 60, so that, in the same manner as in the first embodiment, a general monitoring of the system is possible. supply lines 12 'together with the control apparatus 60, since in this way, thanks to the detector line system 24 that loops through the control apparatus 60 there is not only the possibility of monitoring the defects described in relation to the first embodiment, but also the defects in connection with the supply line system 12 and the control device 60, since this type of defects also leads to interruptions in the area of the detector line system 24 looping through the apparatus of
control 60.

A fourth embodiment, represented in figure 5, it not only provides a control apparatus 60 with a switch, but a control device 60 with a total of three switches 62a, 62b, 62c with which there is the possibility of connect or disconnect in total three consumers Va, Vb, Vc.

The 12 '' supply line system is structured in this way, starting from the power connection of current 14, during its looping through the control apparatus 60 ', experiences a branching leading therefore to a total of three consumer connections 16a, 16b and 16c.

In the same way as the line system of 12 '' supply, also the 24 '' detector line system experience a branching, so that now not only it has an additional end 28, but in total three ends 28a, 28b, additional 28c, each of which is connected to the mass M through its own terminal element 32a, 32b and 32c.

In this case, the voltage divider to generate the test signal P is formed by one part by the first branch 50 and, on the other hand, for a total of three second branches 52a, 52b and 52c connected all in parallel between the central socket 44 and the ground M.

If in this fourth embodiment example produces, for example, a defect in the system of lines of 12 '' supply in the area between the control device 60 'and one of consumer connections 16a, 16b, 16c, this also leads to a modification of the test signal P, although to a lesser extent than in the embodiments described above, since in total three additional branches 52a are connected in parallel, 52b and 52c and, therefore, only one of the additional branches 52a fails, 52b, 52c of the divisor.

In this case, the range of theoretical values SB has to stay correspondingly narrower and, on the other part, the electrical resistance must eventually be increased 34a, 34b, 34c.

A fifth example of realization of a network of power supply according to the invention, represented in the Figure 6, is based on the second embodiment, the terminal element 32 'further comprising the electrical resistance 34 another switch 64 that opens the possibility of detecting other defect states. In addition, there is a connection of the line bundle 20 with the consumer V through a plug connector 70 comprising a connection element by plug 70a located on the side of the supply line system and a plug connection element 70b located on the side of the consumer. The plug connector has a contact 72 separable with contact elements 72a and 72b for the line bundle 20 and a detachable contact 74 with contact elements 74a and 74b for connection line 36.

For example, if the terminal element 32 'is integrated in the detachable plug connection element 70a, located on the side of the supply line system, there is the possibility of operating the switch 64 through a mechanical tap 76 which allows For example, an exploration for the secure seat of the plug connection elements 70a, 70b, the plug 76 closing the switch 64 when the detachable plug connection element 70a is properly inserted. However, if no correct connection is produced by the detachable plug connection element 70a, the plug 76 does not close the switch 64 and the second branch 52 of the separation circuit is interrupted, so that the test signal P is no longer It is in the range of theoretical values
SB.

Also in a sixth embodiment, shown in figure 7, the connection element is provided by plug 70a separable, located on the side of the line system supply, in which an end element 32 'is integrated with a switch 64. In this case, however, switch 64 does not can be mechanically actuated by tap 76, without form electric, for example through a control line 78 that leads to line beam 20 checking this way if in the plug contact 72 separable voltage is present or not generated by the current source Q. Therefore, in this example can be checked directly if the line beam 20 is fully electroconductive and any interruption in the beam of lines 20, even without damage to the protective shirt 22, would lead to the opening of switch 64 and, therefore, to the generation of a defect signal D by the switch of surveillance 48.

A seventh example of realization of a network of power supply according to the invention, represented in the Figure 8, comprises two network systems 10_ {1} and 10_ {2} arranged one after the other, comprising the first system of network 10_ {1} a terminal element 32 '1 with a switch 64_ {1}.

The surveillance functions of the first system network correspond, for example, to surveillance functions described in relation to the sixth or seventh example of realization.

However, in the first network system 10_ {1}, to consumer connections 16_ {1} of this one is not directly connected the consumer V, but it is interconnected a second network system 10_ {2} with its power connection of current 14, the consumer V being connected to the connection of consumer 16_ {2} of this one.

The second network system 10_ {2} comprises in turn, its own detector circuit 30_2, by means of whose signal default D_ {2} switch 64_ {1} can be excited.

This means that the detector circuit 30_ {2} monitor network system 10_ {2} for possible defects in the same way as already described in relation to the examples of preceding embodiments, but that its defect signal D_ {2} feedback on the first network system 10_ {1} so that a drive of switch 64_ {1} occurs in the element terminal 32 '1 thus activating in the first system of network 10_ {1} the default signal D_ {1} which in turn excites the separation circuit 54_ {1} thus separating the source of current Q of the power supply connection 14_ {1} of the first network system.

An eighth example of realization of a network of electrical supply according to the invention, represented in the figure 9, is based on the seventh embodiment, represented in Figure 8, with the difference that the second network system 10_ {2} presents three systems of supply lines 12_ {2a}, 12_ {2b} and 12_ {2c} connected in parallel, which are fed all in parallel by the consumer connection 16_ {1} of second network system 10_ {1}, being monitored at the same time also in parallel by a detector circuit 30_2, of so that in the central socket 44_ {2} they are connected in parallel in total three second branches 52_ {a}, 52_ {b} and 52_ {c} and the three second branches 52_ {a}, 52_ {b} and 52_ {c} all influence the same time in test signal P2.

Therefore, the surveillance of the second system network 10_ {2} works similarly to the one in the fourth example of embodiment, shown in Figure 5, of a network of supply according to the invention.

In addition, the defect signal D_ {2} generated by the detector circuit 30_ {2} of the second network system 10_ {2} acts on switch 64_ {1} of terminal element 32 '1 of the first network system 10_ {1}, so that in the first network system 10_ {1}, by detector circuit 30_ {1} can detect all the states of defect thereof, as well as the defect states of the second network system 10_ {2}.

The principle of a ninth embodiment of a power supply network according to the invention, represented in figure 10, it is based on the first embodiment example, with the difference that the power supply connection 14 of the supply line system 12 and the additional end 28 of the detector line system 24 are assigned to each other in the same end of the supply line system 12 while that the consumer connection 16 and the first end 26 of the system of detector lines 24 are also assigned to each other in the same end of the supply line system 12.

This means that the detector circuit 30 is provided at that end of the supply line system 12 which is opposite the power supply connection 14. By therefore, a separation circuit 54 disposed between the source of current Q and the power supply connection must get excited or through a control line 80 arranged additionally along the supply line system 12, or Well, through a bus system.

For the rest, the ninth embodiment it works in the same way as described in relation to the First embodiment.

In a tenth example of realization of a network of supply according to the invention, shown in Figure 11, in electrical resistor 38 is connected in parallel a circuit parallel 88 presenting a resistor 90 and a switch 92.

Switch 92 can be excited, preferably, by the 48V monitoring circuit.

Therefore, the first branch 50PV of the circuit of separation is not only formed by the connection line 40 and the resistance 38, but by electrical resistance 90 connected in parallel while switch 92 is closed, and the switch only on connection line 40 and resistor 38.

Therefore, depending on whether the switch 92, there is the possibility of varying the potential UP that it forms the PPV test signal, as represented in the Figure 12, enter the value UP_ {1} that is set when it is open switch 92 and therefore only the electrical resistance acts 38, and the UP_ {2} value that is set when the switch 92 and therefore when the electrical resistance 90 is connected in parallel to the electric resistor 38, as is represented in figure 12.

The 48PV monitoring circuit does not have to change the potential between UP_ {1} and UP_ {2} according to a function periodically, but you can also perform discretionary stochastic variations or leave the test signal in one of the potentials UP_ {1} or UP_ {2} and only briefly switch between UP_ {1} and UP_ {2} or vice versa by operating switch 92, when A surveillance cycle must be carried out.

In this exemplary embodiment, the circuit of surveillance 48 can use the signal of measurement for PP test in one of the potentials UP_ {1} and UP_ {2} or, in the simplest case, you can determine the difference between potentials UP_ {1} and UP_ {2}.

Since during the determination of the difference between the potentials UP_ {1} or UP_ {2}, the second branch 52 of the separation circuit is the same, and the variations in the mass potential that can be easily produced in the vehicle, whose body is in mass M, have an impact on likewise in the second branch 52 both during the measurement of the potential UP_ {1} as during the measurement of potential UP_ {2}, a determination of the difference between potentials UP_ {1} or UP_ {2} is independent of the so-called "mass variation" in the body of a vehicle.

In this case, the evolution is done in a way analogous to the first embodiment, using a signal UPD difference that then, instead of the PPV test signal, it is compared with the range of theoretical values SB.

The range of theoretical values SB can determined, as in the first embodiment, in steps L1 and L2 of the learning mode, also resorting to, in place of the direct PPV test signal, to the UPD value for determine the range of theoretical values SB.

Alternatively or additionally to the UPD difference determination, in the tenth example of realization there is also the possibility to evaluate the duration of T period of successive pulses, when switch 92 is switched cyclically with a certain frequency.

However, it is also possible to evaluate by the monitoring circuit, in case of a fixed development defined periods, the times of the high phase t_ {H} or the low phase times t_ {L}.

Finally, as represented in the figure 13 there is also the possibility of assessing the rising edge and the descent flank by exploring the entire development of the UP potential of the PPV test signal, for example, in periods between moments t_ {1} to t_ {6}, as is represented in figure 13, especially at times t_ {1} and t_ {3} and t_ {4} and t_ {6}.

If in the tenth embodiment, such as is represented in figure 11, between the central socket 44 of the tension divider, formed by branches 50 and 52, and the mass is also provided a capacitor, and if also the element terminal 32PV comprises a capacitor 96 connected in parallel with resistance 34, the rising edge and the lowering edge of All the development of the UP potential of the PPV test signal will present, as shown in figure 14, flanks of ascent and descent delayed in time, which may also determined by exploration during moments t '1 at t 'n and t' n and t 'm at t' z.

This exploration, as described in the Figures 13 and 14, is done in the simplest case in such a way that the 48PV monitoring circuit detects by means of a converter A / D at different times t the UP potential of the signal of PPV test and store it and re-register and store it for the next moment t.

The tenth embodiment example works in the disturbance-free state of the detector line system 24, so that, in certain periods, the UP potential of the test signal P is switched between the values UP_ {1} and UP_ {2} by actuating switch 92 by the circuit surveillance 48.

When the system is working correctly, when determining the UPD difference between the UP_ {1} potentials and UP_ {2} of the test signal P, said UPD difference is found in the range of theoretical values SB.

For example, when the line system of detector 24 is interrupted so that there is no longer any connection with any of the 32PV terminal elements, especially with the 32PV terminal element, there is no test signal and there is no longer the UPD difference.

When a system short circuit occurs detector lines 24 with any potential, that is, with the mass M or with other potential, for example, a lower voltage in the vehicle, this affects the UP potential of the test signal PPV and a comparison of the UP potential with a theoretical SB value provided for this allows to detect this and trigger a signal from defect D by the 48PV monitoring circuit.

A short circuit of this type with a potential anyone, that is to say, with mass or with another tension, affects without however also on the flank in the passage of potential UP1 to UP2 potential or vice versa, so it can also give indications of this an evaluation by scanning the flanks during the moments t_ {1} to t_ {6} according to figure 13 or during the moments t '1 to t' n and t 'm to t' z according to the figure 14.

In an eleventh example of realization, depicted in figure 15, the first branch 50W comprises only the switch 92 and the terminal element 32W comprises a Inductance 98 alternative or complementary to resistance 3. 4.

In addition, there is also the condenser 94 between the central socket 44 and the mass M.

In this way, the detector line system 24 is part of an oscillating circuit that can now be excited or either by cyclic switching of switch 92 with pulses rectangular, or by operating the oscillating circuit with an alternating voltage U, in which case switch 92 offers the possibility of exciting the oscillating circuit when the switch 92 and let it rock freely when switch 92 It's open.

The 48W monitoring circuit then monitors the Resonance frequency resulting through bandpass filters 100. Any change in the properties of the line system of detector 24 and, in particular, a decoupling of different terminal elements 32 or a short circuit of the line system detector 24 with any potential will cause the resonance frequency and this can be detected by the frequency analysis through 100 bandpass filters.

A twelfth example of realization, represented in figure 16, is based on the first example of embodiment, but in the supply line system 12 is A plug connection 170 with two connection elements is provided by plug 170a and 170b that can be separated from each other.

The plug connection element 170a carries the contact elements 172a and 174a that can be connected by plug with corresponding contact elements in the plug connection 170b, namely with the plug elements 172 and 174b.

Preferably, the contact elements 172a and 172b of plug contact 172, arranged in the line bundle which conducts current, are configured in such a way and arranged in plug connection elements 171 and 170b in such a way that when plugged in with each other they come in contact with the contact elements 174a and 174b arranged in the bundle of lines of detector 24, and when the connection element is separated by plug 170a and 170b first separates the electrical connection of the elements of contact 174a and 174b, before separating the electrical connection between contact elements 172a and 172b.

Since the contact elements 174a and 174b are arranged in the detector line system 24, this causes that the contact elements 172a and first come into contact with the plug connection elements 170a and 170b with each other. 172b and, therefore, an electrical connection is established in the line bundle 20, before the second branch 52 of the voltage divider is completed in the detector line system 24, thus establishing the electrical connection between contact elements 174a and
174b.

On the other hand, by separating the elements of plug connection 170a and 170b, the system is interrupted detector lines 24 because of the previous separation of the contact elements 174a and 174b, before taking place a electrical interruption by the separation of the elements of contact 172a and 172 in the line beam 20.

Through this configuration of the connector plug 170, the secure connection of plug elements 170a and 170b is also mandatory monitored by the circuit surveillance 48, since an accidental separation of the elements of plug 170a and 170b due to premature separation of the contact elements 174a and 174b against early separation of the contact elements 172a and 172b before a separation electrical in the line beam 20 leads to a defect signal D which causes the supply to the line bundle 20 to be interrupted by the separation circuit 54. In this way, the elements are prevented of contact 172a and 172b separate from each other during the flow of consumer current V and therefore an arc voltaic because of the high voltage.

In the same way, being separated the connection elements by plug 170a and 170b, the circuit monitoring supplies the defect signal D until there is a secure connection between contact elements 172a and 172b, since the contact elements 174a and 174b come into electrical contact with each other with a time delay and only eliminate the signal of defect D for completing the detector line system 24 when there has been a secure electrical connection for a long time between the contact elements 172a and 172b in the line beam 20, so that no voltaic arc can occur, not even during the plug of the contact elements 172a and 172b one in other.

A thirteenth example of realization, represented in figure 17, is based on the third example of embodiment according to figure 4, so that as for the description of the parts not mentioned in detail is made reference to the full content of the description made in relation with the third embodiment.

In the thirteenth embodiment, the control device 60 is not integrated directly into the system of 12 'supply lines, but is integrated into the system 12 'supply lines through the plug connectors 170 described in relation to the twelfth example of realization.

Plug connectors 170 feature respectively a plug contact 172 with contact elements  172a and 172b, as well as a plug contact 174 with elements of contact 174a and 174b that are configured in the same way as has been described in relation to the twelfth example of realization.

In addition, control apparatus 60 is assigned its own 48S surveillance circuit that monitors the existence of the test signals P in the detector line system 24 ' regardless of the monitoring circuit 48 and that, in case of the non-existence of a correct test signal, excites the switch 62 so that it opens.

Therefore, regardless of the circuit of monitoring 48 by a device 48S monitoring circuit of control 60, it can be guaranteed that the beam of lines 20 which leads to consumer V is interrupted by switch 62 in when one of the plug connectors 170 is separated in the device of control 60.

Therefore, it is guaranteed that in both plug connectors 170 of the control apparatus 60, a separation of the contact elements 172a and 172 always occur in a state in which the line 20 does not flow current to the consumer V, so that the formation of an arc can be ruled out voltaic during separation of contact elements 172a and 172b.

A fourteenth example of realization, represented in figure 18, is based on the twelfth exemplary embodiment, shown in figure 16.

In the fourteenth embodiment, at consumer V is assigned its own 48V monitoring circuit that monitor if on the consumer side V there is the correct test signal P.

If there is no such test signal P, then example, because the plug connector 170 is separated which is configured in the same way as in the twelfth example of embodiment, the monitoring circuit 48V drives, for example, a mass switch 180 separating the consumer V from the ground, a know, before the contact elements 172a and 172b interrupt the beam of lines 20, so that the interruption of the beam of lines 20 by contact elements 172a and 172b will occur without formation of a voltaic arc.

The 48V monitoring circuit works, by for example, independently of the monitoring circuit 48, so that eventually the circuit of monitoring 48 and separation circuit 54, if only check the correct electrical connection on the plug connector 170, which however has the disadvantage that, being the plug connector 170 separated, in the line bundle that leads to contact element 172 and in contact element 172 there is even the full voltage of the source Q.

In the twelfth, the thirteenth and the Fourteenth example of realization, the surveillance of the connectors  of plug 170 is integrated in the detector line system 24 and, therefore, in addition to monitoring the connectors of plug 170, there are also the advantages achieved by the system of detector lines 24 and detector circuit 30 in the examples of preceding performance.

In a fifteenth embodiment, represented in figure 19, which is based on the concept of thirteenth embodiment according to figure 17, the system of detector lines 24 'is made by the contact of plug 174 by plug connectors 170 '.

Additionally, the control apparatus 60 is assigned a voltage divider 190 itself, in whose central socket 192 You can generate your own PS test signal.

Said test signal PS is conducted by the control apparatus 60, through a monitoring line system 194 comprising a monitoring line 195, plug contacts 196 and a loop 196 within the plug connection element 170a, thus as plug contacts 200, to inputs 202 and 204 separated from the monitoring circuit 48S, the plug contacts 196 being configured corresponding to the plug contacts 172 and the plug contacts 200 are configured correspondingly to the plug contacts
174.

Now, as soon as the 170 'plug connectors they are not connected correctly, a connection is missing electroconductive on plug contacts 200 and therefore the 48S monitoring circuit disconnects consumer V through the switch 62 until the PS test signal is also detected through the monitoring circuit at both inputs 202 and 204.

An exemplary embodiment of a connector plug 170 is represented in figures 20 to 23 in its Different operating positions.

As you can see in figure 20, the connector of plug 170 comprises a contact element 172a which is configured as a socket inside the connection element by 170a plug and sized so that it can be placed around contact element 172b configured so cylindrical

In addition, also the contact element 174a disposed within the plug connection element 170a is configured in the form of a socket and can be placed around the contact element 174b cylindrically configured, being oriented the contact elements 172a and 174a in parallel between them with their central axes 173a and 175a and being oriented also the contact elements 172b and 174b in parallel between them with their central axes 173b and 175b, presenting the axes central 173a and 175a, as well as 173b and 175b the same distance each other respectively.

Therefore, if contact elements 172a and 172b align with their central axes 173a and 173b between them and if also the contact elements 174a and 174 are aligned between as for their central axes 175a and 175b, they can be put first contact the contact elements 172a and 172b, as depicted in figure 21, while the elements of contact 174a and 174b still have no contact, because the extension of the contact element 174b in the direction of its central axis 175b It is smaller than that of contact element 172b.

Therefore, first, a electrical contact between contact elements 172a and 172b connected to the line beam 20.

During the next placement, as is represented in figure 22, only a first one can be established electrical contact between contact elements 174a and 174 when there is already a sufficiently stable contact between the elements of contact 172a and 172b, and when the connection elements by plug 170a and 170b are fully plugged into each other there is a stable stable contact between the contact elements 172a and 172b, as well as 174a and 174b, as represented in the figure 23.

Also, when separating the contact elements 170a and 170b from each other, first, there is a separation between contact elements 174a and 174b, as is depicted in figures 22 and 21, and only after there is a separation between contact elements 172a and 172b.

In another embodiment of a connector plug 70 'that can be used in the fifth embodiment,  according to figure 6, the plug connection element 70a 'is also arranged the switch 64 that can be operated through of mechanical 76.

In this exemplary embodiment, however, the switch 64 does not scan the secure seat of the plug connection elements 70'a and 70'b relative to each other, but instead explores an interlocking device designated by 180 as a whole, which it comprises a sliding latch 184 operated by a slide 182 and housed with the slide 182 slidably in a sliding device 186 inside the plug-in connection element
70th '.

The sliding latch 184 is able to engage in a latch cavity 188 of a projection 190 of the element of contact connection 70b to permanently connect to each other Mechanical contact connection elements 70'a and 70'b. TO through switch 76 switch 64 is closed when the latch Sliding 184 engages in the cavity of guarantor 188, being joined fixedly mechanically the plug connection elements 70'a and 70'b between them.

However, when the sliding latch 184 is slides in the direction of sliding 186 by the drive of the slide 182, leaving the gear with the cavity of the latch 188, switch 64 is no longer held in its closed position by tap 76, but switch 64 opens.

The opening of the switch 64 has as consequence that the monitoring circuit 48 generates the signal of defect D thus separating, by means of the separation circuit 54, the power supply connection 14 of the source current Q, so that the line beam 20 no longer conducts current, as described in detail in context with the fifth embodiment example and the other embodiment examples precedents

The slide 182 can be operated in different ways ways.

Preferably, the slide 182 may operated through a sliding head 192 which is subjected under pressure by a spring 194 keeping it in a position which makes the sliding latch 184 aspire to stay in gear with traveler cavity 188, unless a manual force on the sliding head 192 counteracts the spring force 194

In this plug connector 70 ', in addition, the contacts 72 and 74 can be configured and arranged so corresponding to contact elements 172 and 174 described in relationship with figures 20 to 23, so that additionally, during the connection of the connection elements by plug 70'a and 70'b with each other, first come into connection electroconductive contact elements 72a and 72b, before electrically connecting the elements of contact 74a and 74b.

In addition, in this configuration of the elements of contact 72 and 74, during the separation of the elements of 70'a and 70'b plug connection is planned to first there is a separation of the electrical connection between the contact elements 74a and 74b, before the occurrence of electrical separation of contact elements 72a and 72b.

Therefore, through this configuration and arrangement of contact elements 72a and 72b, as well as 74a and 74b corresponding to contact elements 172a and 172b, as well as 174a and 174b, it can be guaranteed that, regardless of the position of switch 64, there is a additional security when plugging in the connection elements by plug 70'a and 79'b between them.

For the rest, as regards the Parts description and operation of this connector 70 'plug, refers to the full content of the description made in context with the preceding embodiments.

Claims (50)

1. Power supply network for on-board vehicle networks, comprising at least one network system (10) with a power supply connection (14), with at least one consumer connection (16) and with a system of supply lines (12) extending from the power supply connection (14) to the at least one consumer connection (16) and having at least one line bundle (20) that conducts current and at least one protective jacket that surrounds it, and is provided with a detector line system (24), a detector circuit (30) that is connected to a first end (26) of the detector line system (24), an element terminal (32) which is provided on at least one additional end (28) of the detector line system (24) and with which the detector line system (24) is connected, generating the detector circuit (30) a signal test (P) that in the defect-free state is influenced by the system d and detector lines (24) and the terminal element (32), and registering the detector circuit (30) a defect due to the deviation of the test signal (P) from a range of theoretical values (SB) corresponding to the free state of defects, characterized in that the detector line system (24) is designed in such a way that, when a local voltage arc occurs, it irreversibly changes electrical properties such that the test signal (P) is outside the range of theoretical values (SB), so that a defect is detected, and because, when registering a defect, the detector circuit (30) causes the separation of the supply line system (12) from the power supply (Q). 2. Supply network according to claim 1, characterized in that the detector circuit (30) excites a separation circuit (54) to separate the supply line system (12) from the current source (Q). 3. Supply network according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each additional end (28a, 28b, 28c) of the detector line system (24) is provided with a terminal element (32a, 32b, 32c). 4. Supply network according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the detector line system (24) extends electrically insulated against the line bundle (20) that conducts current, substantially following the extension of the line bundle (20 ) that conducts current. 5. Supply network according to claim 4, characterized in that the detector line system (24) extends along the line bundle (20) that conducts current. 6. Supply network according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the detector line system (24) extends substantially around the line bundle (20) that conducts current. 7. Supply network according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, in the defect-free state, the terminal element (32) influences the test signal (P) to a greater extent than the detector line system. 8. Supply network according to claim 7, characterized in that the terminal element (32) influences the test signal (P) by a factor at least ten times greater than the detector line system (20). 9. Supply network according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the terminal element (32) influences the test signal (P) by a factor at least 50 times greater than the detector line system. 10. Supply network according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the terminal element (32) comprises an electrical resistor (34). 11. Supply network according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the terminal element (32) comprises an electrical switch (64). 12. Supply network according to claim 11, characterized in that the electrical switch (64) serves as a status indicator for defects of a connection of the supply line system (12) to subsequent units
tes. 13. Supply network according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the electrical switch (64) can be mechanically controlled. 14. Supply network according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the electrical switch (64) can be electrically controlled. 15. Electrical supply network according to claim 14, characterized in that the electrical switch (64) can be controlled by a detector circuit (30_ {2}) of a supply line system (12_ {2}) located below. 16. Supply network according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the detector circuit (30) registers with the test signal (P) an electrical resistance determined by the detector line system (24) and the terminal element (32) . 17. Supply network according to claim 16, characterized in that the detector circuit (30) detects the electrical resistance against the ground (M). 18. Supply network according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the terminal element (32) is between the additional end of the detector line system (24) and the mass (M). 19. Supply network according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the test signal (P) can be generated by a voltage divider (50, 52). 20. Supply network according to claim 19, characterized in that the terminal element (32) is an element of the voltage divider (50, 52). 21. Supply network according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the detector line system (24) is an element of the voltage divider (50, 52). 22. Supply network according to one of claims 19 to 21, characterized in that the detector circuit (30) comprises a first branch (50) of a voltage divider to generate the test signal, which extends from the first end (26 ) of the detector line system (24) to a voltage supply (42). 23. Supply network according to one of claims 19 to 22, characterized in that the terminal element (32) and the detector line system (24) form a second branch (52) of the voltage divider. 24. Supply network according to claim 23, characterized in that the second branch (52) of the voltage divider is between the first end (26) of the detector line system (24) and the ground (M). 25. Supply network according to one of claims 19 to 24, characterized in that the detector circuit (30) monitors the voltage at the first end (26) of the detector line system (24) as a test signal (P). 26. Supply network according to claim 25, characterized in that the detector circuit (30) registers, with a monitoring circuit (48), an excess or default overflow of voltage thresholds. 27. Supply network according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the test signal (P) is a continuous voltage signal. 28. Supply network according to claim 27, characterized in that the test signal (PV) comprises several DC voltage potentials (UP_ {1}, UP_ {2}). 29. Supply network according to claim 28, characterized in that the continuous voltage potentials (UP_ {1}, UP_ {2}) are connected successively. 30. Supply network according to claim 28 or 29, characterized in that at least during a monitoring period there is a change between the potentials of direct voltage (UP_ {1}, UP_ {2}). 31. Supply network according to one of claims 28 to 30, characterized in that the monitoring circuit (48V) evaluates differences between the potentials of direct voltage (UP_ {1}, UP_ {2}). 32. Supply network according to one of claims 28 to 31, characterized in that the monitoring circuit (48V) evaluates a development of the continuous voltage potentials (UP_ {1}, UP_ {2}). 33. Supply network according to claim 32, characterized in that the monitoring circuit (48V) evaluates flanks during a modification of the continuous voltage potentials (UP_ {1}, UP_ {2}). 34. Supply network according to one of claims 1 to 26, characterized in that the test signal (PW) is an alternating voltage signal. 35. Supply network according to claim 34, characterized in that the test signal (PW) is a high frequency alternating voltage signal. 36. Supply network according to one of claims 34 or 35, characterized in that the detector line system (24) and the at least one terminal element (32W) are elements of an oscillating circuit. 37. Supply network according to claim 36, characterized in that the monitoring circuit (48W) evaluates frequency components of the test signal (PW). 38. Supply network according to claim 37, characterized in that the monitoring circuit (48W) registers the frequency component through bandpass filters (100).

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39. Supply network according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the detector circuit (30) has a monitoring circuit (48) with a learning mode, in which the range of theoretical values (SB) can be determined for the test signal (P). 40. Supply network according to claim 39, characterized in that the monitoring circuit (48) determines the range of theoretical values (SB) based on a measurement value for the test signal (P) in the system defect-free state of detector lines (24), with the at least one terminal element (32). 41. Supply network according to claim 39 or 40, characterized in that the range of theoretical values (SB) can be determined by a bandwidth of theoretical values (Δ) produced by the monitoring circuit (48). 42. Supply network according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supply line system (12) has the at least one line bundle (20) that conducts current and power contact elements (172a, b) separable for the line beam (20) that carries current, because a surveillance line system (24, 194) is provided that has at least one surveillance line (25, 195) and separable monitoring contacts (174a, b, 200a, b) in the surveillance line (25, 195), because the monitoring elements (174a, b, 200a, b) are coupled with the power contact elements (172a, b) such that when the elements of the power contact (172a, b) separation of the monitoring contact elements (174a, b, 200a, b) occurs, and because a monitoring circuit (48) is provided that monitors, by means of a test signal (P ; PS, PV) the surveillance line system (24, 194) and that, with the e slow contact contacts (174a, b, 200a, b), interrupts a current flow through the line bundle (20) that conducts current by means of a disconnection device (54, 62, 180). 43. Supply network according to claim 42, characterized in that, in their position in which they establish a contact, the monitoring contact elements (174a, b, 200a, b) are arranged such that the power contact elements (172a, b) can only be separated when the monitoring contact elements (174a, b, 200a, b) are already without contact with each other. 44. Supply network according to claim 42 or 43, characterized in that, in their position in which they establish a contact, the monitoring contact elements (174a, b, 200a, b) mechanically block the separation of the contact elements of power (172a, b). 45. Supply network according to one of claims 42 to 44, characterized in that the monitoring contact elements (174a, b, 200a, b) are elements of a plug-in contact (174, 200). 46. Supply network according to one of claims 42 to 45, characterized in that the power contact elements (172a, b) are elements of a plug-in contact (172). 47. Supply network according to one of claims 42 to 46, characterized in that respectively one of the power contact elements (172a, b) and one of the monitoring contact elements (174a, b, 200a, b) are arranged in one connector element per plug (170a), and the other of the power contact elements (172a, b) and the other of the monitoring contact elements (174a, b, 200a, b) are arranged in the other element connector per plug (170b) of one connector per plug (170). 48. Supply network according to one of claims 42 to 47, characterized in that the monitoring circuit (48) monitors a mechanical connection of the plug connector elements (70a, 70b, 70'a, 70'b) and, by means of a disconnection (54) being separated the mechanical junction interrupts a current flow through the line bundle (20) that conducts current. 49. Supply network according to claim 48, characterized in that the monitoring circuit (48) monitors an interlocking device (180) of the connector elements by plug (70'a, 70'b). 50. Supply network according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surveillance line system is formed by the detector line system (24).