ES2346962T3 - Matrices para guantes y preservativos de ceramica ternaria de carburo y nitruro. - Google Patents
Matrices para guantes y preservativos de ceramica ternaria de carburo y nitruro. Download PDFInfo
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- ES2346962T3 ES2346962T3 ES02805157T ES02805157T ES2346962T3 ES 2346962 T3 ES2346962 T3 ES 2346962T3 ES 02805157 T ES02805157 T ES 02805157T ES 02805157 T ES02805157 T ES 02805157T ES 2346962 T3 ES2346962 T3 ES 2346962T3
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- 241000486661 Ceramica Species 0.000 title 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001913 cellulose Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002678 cellulose Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical class [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000701 coagulant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000953 kanthal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aluminum nitride Chemical compound [Al]#N PIGFYZPCRLYGLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- VGRFVJMYCCLWPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium Chemical compound [Ge].[Ge] VGRFVJMYCCLWPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
El uso de un artículo moldeado mediante colada de barbotina como matriz para un guante o un preservativo, que comprende un material cerámico ternario que tiene una fórmula química de Mn+1AXn, donde M es un metal de transición precoz, donde A es un elemento seleccionado de los elementos del Grupo 13, elementos del Grupo 14, S, P, As y Cd, donde X se selecciona de carbono, nitrógeno y sus combinaciones, y donde n es 1, 2 ó 3.
Description
Matrices para guantes y preservativos de
cerámica ternaria de carburo y nitruro.
La invención está dirigida a un método para
conformar un artículo moldeado mediante colada de barbotina que
contiene material cerámico ternario, y al uso de un artículo
moldeado mediante colada de barbotina como matriz para un guante o
un preservativo.
Las matrices son moldes rígidos y que tienen la
forma y tamaño para definir las dimensiones del producto acabado.
Las matrices se emplean en la fabricación de productos de polímeros
sintéticos y de látex, como por ejemplo guantes quirúrgicos y de
exploración, y preservativos. Las matrices, están hechas,
habitualmente, de madera, material cerámico, vidrio, porcelana,
plástico, acero o aluminio y, normalmente, se sumergen primero los
dedos, en el caso de una matriz de guantes, en un baño de látex
líquido, que incluye productos químicos mezclados, donde el látex
se adhiere a la matriz. Las matrices de guantes y de preservativos
se pueden calentar antes de empezar el proceso de inmersión. Las
matrices para guantes y para preservativos previamente se revisten,
normalmente, con un agente coagulante para gelificar el látex y
facilitar la retirada del artículo de la matriz. Los agentes
coagulantes habituales incluyen nitrato de calcio. Puede requerirse
también que haya inmersiones adicionales en baños de látex que
contengan cargas. El látex se coagula y el guante o el preservativo
se liberan de la matriz normalmente desprendiendo el guante o el
preservativo de la matriz. Los artículos se pueden retirar de la
matriz en agua. Los guantes o los preservativos pasan por ciclos de
lixiviación y lavado para retirar los productos químicos
residuales, antes de ser quitados de la matriz. Los artículos
acabados sen retiran luego de la matriz de forma que la capa
exterior retirada de la matriz será la capa más interna del guante
o del preservativo. Los artículos se pueden luego envasar y
esterilizar para su transporte.
Después de ciclos repetidos de inmersión en
productos químicos, las matrices comienzan a degradarse y deben ser
sustituidas. Como punto de referencia para la durabilidad, las
matrices de porcelana permanecen en buen estado durante hasta dos
semanas cuando están expuestos a una solución concentrada de
hidróxido de potasio.
Los materiales cerámicos ternarios se conocen
generalmente por ser duros y frágiles y no son adecuados para
usarlos en la fabricación de partes que se tengan que maquinar. Sin
embargo, se ha sintetizado carburo de silicio y titanio,
Ti_{3}SiC_{2}, para dar como resultado un material blando que se
puede maquinar, fuerte y ligero de peso. El Ti_{3}SiC_{2} es
anormalmente blando para los materiales de carburos. Se
caracterizaron muestras monofásicas del material para ver su
estabilidad térmica y su resistencia a la oxidación. Se enfriaron
rápidamente, desde 1400ºC, barras de material de Ti_{3}SiC_{2}
en un cubo de agua y se descubrió que habían aumentado ligeramente
su resistencia después del enfriamiento rápido. Las muestras de
materiales de Ti_{3}SiC_{2} son también sorprendentemente
fáciles de maquinar. Los materiales cerámicos son, habitualmente,
demasiado frágiles para ser maquinados, sin embargo, después de
perforar el caparazón duro inicial de las muestras de
Ti_{3}SiC_{2} se descubrió que se podían maquinar casi como el
grafito. El documento WO 97/18162 describe la síntesis de fases
"312", por ejemplo Ti_{3}SiC_{2}, y materiales compuestos
suyos. Según este documento, un producto que comprenda una fase
M_{3}X_{1}Z_{2}, en la que (i) M es al menos un metal de
transición, (ii) X es al menos uno de Al, Ge, Ga, y Si, y (iii) Z es
al menos uno de B, C, y N, se pueden formar mediante un
procedimiento que comprenda una primera etapa de forma una mezcla de
(i) especies metálicas de transición, (ii) especies
co-metálicas seleccionadas de especies de aluminio,
especies de germanio, especies de galio, y especies de silicio, y
(iii) especies no metálicas seleccionadas de especies de boro,
especies de carbono y especies de nitrógeno, siendo dicha mezcla un
polvo que comprende no más del 80% en peso de M_{3}X_{1}Z_{2}
y luego, en una segunda etapa, someter la mezcla a compresión
reactiva en caliente, a una temperatura de 1000ºC a 1800ºC, bajo
una presión de 5 a 200 MPa para convertirla en una fase
M_{3}X_{1}Z_{2}.
El Ti_{3}SiC_{2} tiene propiedades de los
metales y de los materiales cerámicos. Como un metal se puede
maquinar, es conductor térmico y eléctrico, resistente al choque
térmico y es plástico a elevadas temperaturas. Como un material
cerámico, es refractario (es decir, tiene una temperatura de
descomposición superior a 2000ºC), resistente a la oxidación,
rígido y ligero de peso (aproximadamente 4,5 gramos por centímetro
cúbico), su expansión térmica es relativamente baja, más como un
material cerámico que como un metal.
En la colada de barbotina, algunas veces
denominada colada por drenaje, se llena un molde de yeso una con
barbotina. La barbotina es un líquido que contiene un material
cerámico en una suspensión acuosa. A medida que el molde absorbe
agua, la suspensión de material cerámico solidifica uniformemente
sobre las paredes del molde. Una vez que se alcanza el espesor de
pared deseado, se drena la barbotina restante, el molde se separa o
se rompe, y se retira la pieza. La pieza se sinteriza luego en un
horno.
El documento WO 98/22244 describe una pieza de
trabajo de material cerámico denso, hecho prensando una combinación
de Ti_{3}SiC_{2} pulverizado y un material pulverizado que es
soluble en Ti_{3}SiC_{2}, para dar un cuerpo no sinterizado. El
cuerpo no sinterizado se calienta luego bajo condiciones de ausencia
de presión hasta una temperatura por encima de un punto en el que
se forma un líquido, pero por debajo del punto de fusión de la
mezcla; el documento WO 98/22244 no enseña o describe la elaboración
de objetos huecos (como las matrices) con un molde de yeso y una
dispersión, en un líquido, de Ti_{3}SiC_{2} pulverizado.
Las matrices convencionales que habitualmente
están hechas de madera, material cerámico, vidrio, porcelana,
plástico, acero o aluminio se deterioran después de la exposición
continua al calor y a los productos químicos empleados durante el
proceso de fabricación del guante o del preservativo. El deterioro
origina picaduras en las matrices, y los guantes y preservativos
producidos a partir de matrices picados tienen defectos del tamaño
del pinchazo de un alfiler. Hay la necesidad, por lo tanto, de
matrices para guantes y preservativos de un material duradero que
reduzca la frecuencia con la que las matrices deban ser sustituidas.
Es deseable que las matrices duraderas no interfieran de otra forma
en la calidad del guante o del preservativo producido.
\vskip1.000000\baselineskip
La invención está dirigida al uso de un artículo
moldeado mediante colada de barbotina como una matriz para un
preservativo o como una matriz para un guante, que comprende un
material cerámico ternario que tiene una fórmula química de
M_{n+1}AX_{n}, donde M es un metal de transición precoz, donde A
es un elemento seleccionado de los elementos del Grupo 13,
elementos del Grupo 14, S, P, As y Cd, donde X se selecciona de
carbono, nitrógeno y sus combinaciones, y donde n es 1, 2 ó 3.
A diferencia de las matrices anteriores, las
realizaciones de la presente invención conducen a una matriz hecha
de un material de alta resistencia, estable a altas temperaturas,
que resiste repetidas inmersiones en productos químicos. Ya que las
matrices de la presente invención están hechas con un material más
duradero que las matrices anteriores, la frecuencia con la que
tienen que ser sustituidas las matrices se reduce enormemente.
La invención está dirigida también a un método
para formar un artículo moldeado mediante colada de barbotina, como
por ejemplo una matriz, que incluye las siguientes etapas:
mezclar un polvo cerámico ternario, agua, un
aglomerante y un agente modificador de la viscosidad para formar
una dispersión, en la que el polvo cerámico ternario tiene una
fórmula química de M_{n+1}AX_{n}, donde M es un metal de
transición precoz, A es un elemento seleccionado de los elementos
del Grupo 13, elementos del Grupo 14, S, P, As y Cd, X se
selecciona de carbono, nitrógeno y sus combinaciones, y n es 1, 2 ó
3;
verter la dispersión en un molde de yeso que
conforma la deseada forma y tamaño del artículo, y permitir que la
dispersión permanezca en el molde durante 30 minutos a 5 horas, con
el fin de permitir que la dispersión recubra el interior del molde
hasta un espesor deseado;
verter fuera cualquier cantidad en exceso de
dispersión que haya en el molde;
permitir que la dispersión en el molde se seque
al aire durante 1 a 8 horas;
abrir rompiendo y retirar el molde del artículo;
y
cocer el artículo moldeado mediante colada de
barbotina en un horno a una temperatura de 1000ºC a 1500ºC, durante
1 a 8 horas.
\vskip1.000000\baselineskip
Los artículos de la presente invención contienen
material cerámico ternario. El material cerámico ternario tiene una
fórmula química de M_{n+1}AX_{n}, donde M es un metal de
transición precoz, donde A es un elemento seleccionado de los
elementos del Grupo 13, elementos del Grupo 14, S, P, As y Cd, donde
X se selecciona de carbono, nitrógeno y sus combinaciones, y donde
n es 1, 2 ó 3. Los artículos incluyen, pero no se limitan a,
matrices tales como matrices para guantes y preservativos. La
cantidad del material cerámico ternario presente en el artículo es
de aproximadamente el 100% en peso, basado en el peso total del
artículo.
Un material cerámico ternario preferido es el
Ti_{3}SiC_{2}. Se han identificado y sintetizado dos compuestos
similares al Ti_{3}SiC_{2}. Estos compuestos son el
Ti_{3}GeC_{2} y el Ti_{3}AlC_{2}, donde el silicio es
sustituido por un único átomo de germanio o de aluminio. Estos
compuestos (Ti_{3}SiC_{2}, Ti_{3}GeC_{2} y
Ti_{3}AlC_{2}) se denominan compuestos "312" por el número
de átomos de cada elemento en el compuesto, respectivamente.
Los compuestos químicamente relacionados tienen
una fórmula "211" o "413". Se espera que los compuestos
413 y 211, químicamente relacionados, tengan características
similares a los compuestos 312. Los compuestos ternarios
estratificados de fase MAX están definidos generalmente, pues, por
la fórmula de M_{n+1}AX_{n}, donde M es un metal de transición
precoz, A es un elemento del grupo A que aparece generalmente en
los Grupos 13 ó 14 de la Tabla Periódica de los elementos químicos,
X es carbono o nitrógeno, o ambos, y n es 1, 2 ó 3.
Los compuestos 413 incluyen Ti_{4}AlN_{3},
mientras que los compuestos 211 incluyen los compuestos de la Tabla
1.
Los artículos de la presente invención están
hechos mediante un método referido en la industria como "moldeo
mediante colada de barbotina". Se forma una dispersión mezclando
un polvo cerámico ternario, agua, un aglomerante y un agente
modificador de la viscosidad. Un material cerámico ternario
preferido es el Ti_{3}SiC_{2} pulverizado, que se puede
conseguir como Maxthal, de Kanthal AB de Suecia. La cantidad de
polvo cerámico ternario oscila entre el 15 y el 83% en peso, basado
en el peso total de la dispersión.
La cantidad de agua oscila entre el 15 y el 75%
en peso, basado en el peso total de la dispersión.
El aglomerante y el agente modificador de la
viscosidad son materiales basados en la celulosa. Los aglomerantes
adecuados incluyen, pero no se limitan a, polvo de celulosa,
derivados de la celulosa, y sus combinaciones. Los aglomerantes
están presentes en una cantidad que oscila entre el 1 y el 20% en
peso, preferiblemente entre el 5 y el 10% en peso, basado en el
peso total de la dispersión. Los agentes modificadores de la
viscosidad adecuados incluyen, pero no se limitan a,
carboximetilcelulosa, polímeros de ácido de poliacrilato, y sus
combinaciones. Los agentes modificadores de la viscosidad están
presentes en una cantidad que oscila entre el 1 y el 5% en peso,
preferiblemente entre el 1 y el 2% en peso, basado en el peso total
de la dispersión.
La dispersión puede tener del 25 al 85% en peso
de sólidos, preferiblemente del 80 al 85% en peso, basado en el
peso total de la dispersión. La dispersión o suspensión es la
denominada barbotina.
La dispersión se vierte en el molde de yeso
(sulfato de calcio semihidratado). El molde de yeso da la forma y
el tamaño deseado de la matriz.
Se deja que la dispersión permanezca en el molde
de yeso durante un tiempo suficiente para permitir que la
dispersión recubra el interior del molde de yeso. La cantidad de
tiempo que se deja que la dispersión permanezca en el molde de yeso
es directamente proporcional al espesor deseado del artículo
acabado. Por consiguiente, cuanto más se permita que la dispersión
permanezca en el molde de yeso, más gruesas serán las superficies
del artículo.
La cantidad en exceso de dispersión se vierte
luego fuera y se deja que la dispersión en el molde de yeso se
seque al aire durante 30 minutos a 5 horas. El molde de yeso se abre
rompiéndolo y retirándolo del artículo.
Después, se deja que el artículo se seque al
aire durante 1 a 8 horas, se cuece el artículo en un horno a
temperaturas que oscilan entre 1000ºC y 1500ºC. La cocción elimina
el agua, los aglomerantes, y los agentes modificadores de la
viscosidad, dejando un artículo que contiene aproximadamente 100% de
material cerámico ternario.
El siguiente ejemplo describe una realización
preferida para ilustrar la invención. Sin embargo, se entenderá que
la invención no pretende limitarse a la realización específica.
\vskip1.000000\baselineskip
Un material ternario de Ti_{3}SiC_{2} se
moldeó mediante colada de barbotina y se sinterizó para dar una
matriz para u guante de exploración de tamaño medio, dispersando
2355 gramos de polvo cerámico de Ti_{3}SiC_{2}, que se puede
conseguir como Maxthal de Kanthal AB de Suecia, en 525 ml de agua,
junto con 120 gramos de Cellulose QP, que se puede conseguir de
Union Carbide Corp., de Danbury, Connecticut. Se vertió la barbotina
en el molde de yeso y se dejó reposar durante 15 minutos antes de
que se drenara la barbotina en exceso. Se retiró la matriz del
molde y se dejó secar durante 1 hora. Después de secarse, se calentó
la matriz en un horno discontinuo (por cargas) a temperaturas de
hasta 1400ºC, durante 15 horas.
Se sometió a ensayo una porción de la matriz
para determinar la durabilidad de la matriz. Se pesó una porción de
la muestra de la matriz y se sumergió en una solución de hidróxido
de potasio, al 20%, a 76,7ºC. La muestra se sacó cada 7 días, se
pesó, y se volvió a poner en la solución de hidróxido de potasio.
Los resultados se muestran en la Tabla 2.
Al cabo de 8 semanas, la matriz empezó a mostrar
una ligera pérdida de peso. Se sabe que las matrices de porcelana
estándar se degradan después de dos semanas de exposición a
hidróxido de potasio, como se evidencia por las picaduras de la
matriz y por la producción de guantes que tienen defectos del tamaño
del pinchazo de un alfiler en los guantes.
Se comprenderá que para los expertos en la
materia serán evidentes los diversos cambios y modificaciones de
las realizaciones aquí descritas.
Claims (12)
1. El uso de un artículo moldeado mediante
colada de barbotina como matriz para un guante o un preservativo,
que comprende un material cerámico ternario que tiene una fórmula
química de M_{n+1}AX_{n}, donde M es un metal de transición
precoz, donde A es un elemento seleccionado de los elementos del
Grupo 13, elementos del Grupo 14, S, P, As y Cd, donde X se
selecciona de carbono, nitrógeno y sus combinaciones, y donde n es
1, 2 ó 3.
2. El uso de un artículo moldeado mediante
colada de barbotina según la reivindicación 1, en el que el metal
de transición precoz se selecciona de Ti, Nb, Zr, Hf, Cr, Ta, V, Mo,
y Sc.
3. El uso de un artículo moldeado mediante
colada de barbotina según la reivindicación 1 o la reivindicación
2, en el que A se selecciona de Al, Ge, Sn, Pb, Ga, Tl, P, Si, As,
Cd e In.
4. El uso de un artículo moldeado mediante
colada de barbotina según la reivindicación 1, en el que el material
cerámico ternario es Ti_{3}SiC_{2}.
5. Un método para formar un artículo moldeado
mediante colada de barbotina, que comprende las etapas de
mezclar un polvo cerámico ternario, agua, un
aglomerante y un agente modificador de la viscosidad para formar
una dispersión, en la que el polvo cerámico ternario tiene una
fórmula química de M_{n+1}AX_{n}, donde M es un metal de
transición precoz, A es un elemento seleccionado de los elementos
del Grupo 13, elementos del Grupo 14, S, P, As y Cd, X se
selecciona de carbono, nitrógeno y sus combinaciones, y n es 1, 2 ó
3;
verter la dispersión en un molde de yeso que
conforma la deseada forma y tamaño del artículo, y permitir que la
dispersión permanezca en el molde durante 30 minutos a 5 horas, con
el fin de permitir que la dispersión recubra el interior del molde
hasta un espesor deseado;
verter fuera cualquier cantidad en exceso de
dispersión que haya en el molde;
permitir que la dispersión en el molde se seque
al aire durante 1 a 8 horas;
abrir rompiendo y retirar el molde del artículo;
y
cocer el artículo moldeado mediante colada de
barbotina en un horno a una temperatura de 1000ºC a 1500ºC, durante
1 a 8 horas.
\vskip1.000000\baselineskip
6. Un método según la reivindicación 5, en el
que el artículo moldeado mediante colada de barbotina es una matriz
para un preservativo o una matriz para un guante.
7. Un método según la reivindicación 1 o la
reivindicación 5 o la reivindicación 6, en el que el aglomerante se
selecciona de polvo de celulosa, derivados de la celulosa y sus
combinaciones.
8. Un método según una cualquiera de las
reivindicaciones 5 a 7, en el que el aglomerante está presente en
la dispersión en una cantidad del 1 al 20% en peso, basado en el
peso total de la dispersión.
9. Un método según una cualquiera de las
reivindicaciones 5 a 8, en el que el agente modificador de la
viscosidad se selecciona de carboximetilcelulosa, polímeros de
ácido de poliacrilato, y sus combinaciones.
10. Un método según una cualquiera de las
reivindicaciones 5 a 9, en el que el agente modificador de la
viscosidad está presente en la dispersión en una cantidad del 1 al
5% en peso, basado en el peso total de la dispersión.
11. Un método según una cualquiera de las
reivindicaciones 5 a 10, en el que el material cerámico ternario es
Ti_{3}SiC_{2}.
12. Un artículo moldeado mediante colada de
barbotina, según el método reivindicado en una cualquiera de las
reivindicaciones 5 a 11.
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| US34189201P | 2001-12-18 | 2001-12-18 | |
| US341892P | 2001-12-18 |
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| CA (1) | CA2470112C (es) |
| DE (1) | DE60236618D1 (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2346962T3 (es) |
| WO (1) | WO2003051791A1 (es) |
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| SE527199C2 (sv) * | 2003-02-07 | 2006-01-17 | Sandvik Intellectual Property | Användning av ett material i oxiderande miljö vid hög temperatur |
| US20040250334A1 (en) * | 2003-06-13 | 2004-12-16 | Tamer El-Raghy | Max phase glove and condom formers |
| US7217907B2 (en) | 2003-10-22 | 2007-05-15 | 3-One-2 Llc | Stick resistant cooking utensils |
| US7553564B2 (en) * | 2004-05-26 | 2009-06-30 | Honeywell International Inc. | Ternary carbide and nitride materials having tribological applications and methods of making same |
| US7709428B2 (en) * | 2005-02-23 | 2010-05-04 | Ansell Healthcare Products Llc | Thickened spreadable warming lubricant |
| US20060188528A1 (en) * | 2005-02-23 | 2006-08-24 | Ansell Healthcare Products Llc | Spreadable warming lubricant |
| WO2007093011A1 (en) * | 2006-02-17 | 2007-08-23 | Newcastle Innovation Limited | Crystalline ternary ceramic precursors |
| US20110190604A1 (en) * | 2006-12-22 | 2011-08-04 | Hyde Roderick A | Nitric oxide sensors and systems |
| US7862598B2 (en) * | 2007-10-30 | 2011-01-04 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Devices and systems that deliver nitric oxide |
| US8642093B2 (en) * | 2007-10-30 | 2014-02-04 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Methods and systems for use of photolyzable nitric oxide donors |
| US20090110933A1 (en) * | 2007-10-30 | 2009-04-30 | Searete Llc, A Limited Liability Corporation Of The State Of Delaware | Systems and devices related to nitric oxide releasing materials |
| US8221690B2 (en) * | 2007-10-30 | 2012-07-17 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Systems and devices that utilize photolyzable nitric oxide donors |
| US20090112197A1 (en) | 2007-10-30 | 2009-04-30 | Searete Llc | Devices configured to facilitate release of nitric oxide |
| US8770201B2 (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2014-07-08 | Glycobiosciences Inc. | Condom with multifunctional coating |
| US8877508B2 (en) * | 2007-10-30 | 2014-11-04 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Devices and systems that deliver nitric oxide |
| US20090112193A1 (en) * | 2007-10-30 | 2009-04-30 | Searete Llc, A Limited Liability Corporation Of The State Of Delaware | Systems and devices that utilize photolyzable nitric oxide donors |
| US7897399B2 (en) | 2007-10-30 | 2011-03-01 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Nitric oxide sensors and systems |
| US20090112055A1 (en) * | 2007-10-30 | 2009-04-30 | Searete Llc, A Limited Liability Corporation Of The State Of Delaware | Sleeves configured to facilitate release of nitric oxide |
| US8980332B2 (en) | 2007-10-30 | 2015-03-17 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Methods and systems for use of photolyzable nitric oxide donors |
| US10080823B2 (en) | 2007-10-30 | 2018-09-25 | Gearbox Llc | Substrates for nitric oxide releasing devices |
| US7846400B2 (en) * | 2007-10-30 | 2010-12-07 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Substrates for nitric oxide releasing devices |
| CN109070577B (zh) | 2016-07-20 | 2021-05-11 | 惠普发展公司,有限责任合伙企业 | 预处理固定液 |
| US11572298B2 (en) | 2018-05-11 | 2023-02-07 | Entegris, Inc. | Molds that include a ceramic material surface, and related methods for making and using the molds |
| MY193454A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2022-10-14 | Top Glove Int Sdn Bhd | Glove with enhanced grip |
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| GB2181691B (en) * | 1985-10-21 | 1990-05-23 | Porvair Ltd | Gloves |
| US5443770A (en) * | 1993-09-20 | 1995-08-22 | Krstic; Vladimir D. | High toughness carbide ceramics by slip casting and method thereof |
| US5534350A (en) * | 1994-12-28 | 1996-07-09 | Liou; Derlin | Powerfree glove and its making method |
| US5942455A (en) | 1995-11-14 | 1999-08-24 | Drexel University | Synthesis of 312 phases and composites thereof |
| JPH09268067A (ja) * | 1996-03-29 | 1997-10-14 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 炭化ケイ素部材の製造方法 |
| US5882561A (en) * | 1996-11-22 | 1999-03-16 | Drexel University | Process for making a dense ceramic workpiece |
| US6231969B1 (en) | 1997-08-11 | 2001-05-15 | Drexel University | Corrosion, oxidation and/or wear-resistant coatings |
| DE19749050C1 (de) * | 1997-11-06 | 1998-12-03 | Schmid Fetzer Rainer Prof Dr I | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Keramik Ti¶x¶SiC¶y¶ |
| US6461989B1 (en) * | 1999-12-22 | 2002-10-08 | Drexel University | Process for forming 312 phase materials and process for sintering the same |
| JP3951643B2 (ja) * | 2001-07-09 | 2007-08-01 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | チタンシリコンカーバイド焼結体の製造方法 |
| CN1167820C (zh) * | 2001-09-27 | 2004-09-22 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | 一种锡碳化钛颗粒增强铜基复合材料及其制备方法 |
| US20040250334A1 (en) * | 2003-06-13 | 2004-12-16 | Tamer El-Raghy | Max phase glove and condom formers |
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2002
- 2002-12-16 JP JP2003552683A patent/JP2005512845A/ja active Pending
- 2002-12-16 WO PCT/US2002/040113 patent/WO2003051791A1/en not_active Ceased
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- 2002-12-16 AU AU2002357245A patent/AU2002357245B2/en not_active Ceased
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1456149A4 (en) | 2007-12-12 |
| JP2005512845A (ja) | 2005-05-12 |
| AU2002357245B2 (en) | 2008-01-24 |
| CA2470112A1 (en) | 2003-06-26 |
| US20050049136A1 (en) | 2005-03-03 |
| CA2470112C (en) | 2010-05-25 |
| ATE469869T1 (de) | 2010-06-15 |
| US7157393B2 (en) | 2007-01-02 |
| US7235505B2 (en) | 2007-06-26 |
| DE60236618D1 (de) | 2010-07-15 |
| EP1456149B1 (en) | 2010-06-02 |
| WO2003051791A1 (en) | 2003-06-26 |
| US20070021290A1 (en) | 2007-01-25 |
| EP1456149A1 (en) | 2004-09-15 |
| AU2002357245A1 (en) | 2003-06-30 |
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