ES2379996T3 - Sistema y método para medir la impedancia inicial del tejido - Google Patents
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Abstract
Un generador electroquirúrgico (20) adaptado para suministrar energía electroquirúrgica a un tejido, que comprende: una etapa de salida de RF (28) adaptada para suministrar energía electroquirúrgica al tejido; sistema de circuitos de sensores; y un microprocesador; estando la etapa de salida de RF además adaptada para suministrar una señal eléctrica al tejido que tiene al menos un valor sustancialmente constante para determinar una respuesta inicial de impedancia del tejido; el sistema de circuitos de sensores (22) adaptado para monitorear continuamente la respuesta inicial de impedancia del tejido; caracterizado porque la respuesta inicial de impedancia del tejido incluye una impedancia inicial (402), una velocidad de caída de impedancia (404), un mínimo de impedancia (406) y una velocidad de primer incremento de impedancia (408); y el microprocesador (25) adaptado para generar al menos un parámetro de tratamiento del tejido como función de la impedancia inicial, la velocidad de caída de impedancia, el mínimo de impedancia y la velocidad de primer incremento de impedancia.
Description
Sistema y método para medir la impedancia inicial del tejido
Antecedentes
La presente descripción se refiere a un sistema para llevar a cabo procedimientos electroquirúrgicos. Más particularmente, la presente descripción se refiere a un sistema para medir las propiedades del tejido durante los procedimientos de sellado del tejido.
La electrocirugía implica la aplicación de corriente eléctrica de elevada radiofrecuencia a un sitio quirúrgico para cortar, extirpar, coagular, cauterizar, desecar o sellar tejido. El sellado de tejido o vasos es un proceso para licuar el colágeno, la elastina y sustancias molidas del tejido de manera que las mismas se reformen generando una masa fusionada con una demarcación significativamente reducida entre las estructuras de tejido opuestas. La cauterización es el uso de calor para destruir el tejido y la coagulación es un proceso para desecar el tejido en el que las células tisulares se rompen y se secan.
En la electrocirugía bipolar, uno de los electrodos del instrumento manual funciona como electrodo activo y el otro como electrodo de retorno. El electrodo de retorno se coloca en proximidad cercana al electrodo activo de manera tal que se forma un circuito eléctrico entre los dos electrodos (por ejemplo, fórceps electroquirúrgico). De esta manera, la corriente eléctrica aplicada se limita al tejido corporal ubicado entre los electrodos. Cuando los electrodos se separan suficientemente uno de otro, el circuito eléctrico está abierto y de ese modo el contacto inadvertido con el tejido corporal en cualquiera de los electrodos separados no hace que la corriente fluya.
Un fórceps es un instrumento similar a una pinza que depende de la acción mecánica entre sus mordazas para tomar, sujetar y apretar vasos o tejido. Los así denominados "fórceps abiertos" se utilizan comúnmente en procedimientos quirúrgicos abiertos mientras que los "fórceps endoscópicos" o "fórceps laparoscópicos", como el nombre lo indica, se utilizan para procedimientos quirúrgicos endoscópicos menos invasivos. Los fórceps electroquirúrgicos (abiertos o endoscópicos) utilizan la acción de sujeción mecánica y energía eléctrica para realizar la hemostasis en el tejido sujetado. El fórceps incluye placas de sellado electroquirúrgico que aplican la energía electroquirúrgica al tejido sujetado. Por medio del control de la intensidad, frecuencia y duración de la energía electroquirúrgica aplicada a través de las placas de sellado al tejido, el cirujano puede coagular, cauterizar y/o sellar el tejido. Seleccionar los parámetros de energía apropiados durante el procedimiento de sellado permite la aplicación eficiente de energía al tejido. De este modo, existe la necesidad de desarrollar un sistema electroquirúrgico que selle tejido efectiva y consistentemente.
El documento US 6.645.198 divulga sistemas para aplicar energía de RF al tejido. En un ejemplo, se utiliza el cambio de impedancia como indicador de la finalización del tratamiento. El exordio de la reivindicación 1 se basa en este documento. El documento US 2005/0004570 divulga un instrumento electroquirúrgico.
Compendio
La presente descripción se refiere a un sistema y método para llevar a cabo procedimientos electroquirúrgicos. El sistema incluye un generador electroquirúrgico y un instrumento (por ejemplo, fórceps electroquirúrgico). El generador suministra una señal interrogatoria inicial a voltaje constante al tejido y mide la respuesta de impedancia inicial del tejido. A partir de ese momento, el generador analiza la respuesta de impedancia del tejido inicial y selecciona los correspondientes parámetros de tratamiento que se utilizan para seleccionar la correspondiente salida del generador.
De acuerdo con la presente invención según se cita en las reivindicaciones, se proporciona un generador electroquirúrgico. El generador electroquirúrgico incluye una etapa de salida de RF adaptada para suministrar energía electroquirúrgica al tejido y para suministrar una señal eléctrica que tiene al menos un valor sustancialmente constante al tejido para determinar la respuesta de impedancia del tejido inicial. El generador incluye sistemas de circuitos de sensores adaptados para monitorear continuamente la respuesta de impedancia del tejido, en los que la respuesta de impedancia del tejido incluye una impedancia inicial, una caída de impedancia, un mínimo de impedancia y un primer incremento de impedancia. El generador también incluye un microprocesador adaptado para generar al menos un parámetro de tratamiento del tejido en función de la impedancia inicial, la caída de impedancia, el mínimo de impedancia y primer incremento de impedancia.
Se divulga un sistema electroquirúrgico, que incluye el generador. El sistema también incluye un instrumento electroquirúrgico que incluye al menos un electrodo activo adaptado para aplicar energía electroquirúrgica al tejido para el tratamiento.
Diversas realizaciones de la presente descripción se describen en la presente memoria con referencia a los dibujos, en los que:
la Fig. 1 es una vista en perspectiva de un sistema electroquirúrgico de acuerdo con la presente descripción;
5 la Fig. 2 es una vista interna, lateral y parcial de un fórceps endoscópico de acuerdo con la presente descripción;
la Fig. 3 es un diagrama de bloques esquemático de un sistema generador de acuerdo con la presente descripción;
la Fig. 4 es un diagrama de flujo que ilustra un método de acuerdo con la presente descripción; y
las Figs. 5A-B son gráficos ilustrativos que muestran los valores de impedancia en el tiempo.
Descripción detallada
10 Se describen realizaciones particulares de la presente descripción en la presente memoria a continuación con referencia a los dibujos anexados. En la siguiente descripción, las funciones o construcciones bien conocidas no se describen en detalle para evitar opacar la presente descripción con detalles innecesarios. Aquellos expertos en la técnica entenderán que la invención de acuerdo con la presente descripción puede adaptarse para su uso con sistemas electroquirúrgicos monopolares o bipolares.
15 La Fig. 1 muestra un sistema electroquirúrgico bipolar endoscópico de acuerdo con la presente descripción que incluye un fórceps electroquirúrgico 10. Aquellos expertos en la técnica entenderán que la invención de acuerdo con la presente descripción puede adaptarse para su uso con todos los instrumentos endoscópicos tal como se muestra en la Fig. 1 o un instrumento abierto. Más particularmente, el fórceps 10 generalmente incluye una envoltura 21, un ensamblaje de manija 40, un ensamblaje rotatorio 80 y un ensamblaje disparador 70 que cooperan mutuamente con
20 el ensamblaje efector terminal 100 para tomar y tratar el tejido. El fórceps 10 también incluye un eje 12 que tiene un extremo distal 14 que engrana mecánicamente con el ensamblaje efector terminal 100 y un extremo proximal 16 que engrana mecánicamente con la envoltura 21 próximo al ensamblaje rotatorio 80. El ensamblaje de manija 40 incluye una manija fija 50 y una manija movible 42. La manija 42 se mueve respecto de la manija fija 50 para impulsar el ensamblaje efector terminal 100 y permitir al usuario tomar y manipular el tejido. Se suministra energía de RF
25 electroquirúrgica al fórceps 10 mediante el generador 20 a través de una línea de suministro conectada al electrodo activo y retorna a través de una línea de retorno conectada al electrodo de retorno. Las líneas de suministro y retorno están encerradas dentro de un cable 23.
El generador 20 incluye controles de entrada (por ejemplo, botones, activadores, interruptores, pantalla táctil, etc.) para controlar el generador 20. Además, el generador 20 puede incluir una o más pantallas de visualización para 30 proporcionar al cirujano una variedad de información de salida (por ejemplo, ajustes de intensidad, indicadores completos de tratamiento, etc.). Los controles permiten que el cirujano ajuste la energía de RF, la forma de la onda y otros parámetros para lograr la forma de onda deseada apropiada para una tarea particular (por ejemplo, coagulación, sellado de tejido, ajuste de intensidad, etc.). También se prevé que el fórceps 10 pueda incluir una pluralidad de controles de entada que pueden ser redundantes con ciertos controles de entrada del generador 20.
35 Colocar los controles de entrada en el fórceps 10 permite la modificación más fácil y más rápida de los parámetros de energía de RF durante el procedimiento quirúrgico sin requerir la interacción con el generador 20.
El ensamblaje efector terminal 100 incluye los miembros mordaza opuestos 110 y 120 que tienen las placas de sellado eléctricamente conductoras 112 y 122, respectivamente, unidas a los mismos para conducir la energía electroquirúrgica a través del tejido. Más particularmente, los miembros mordaza 110 y 120 se mueven en respuesta
40 al movimiento de la manija 42 desde una posición abierta a una posición cerrada. En la posición abierta las placas de sellado 112 y 122 están dispuestas en relación espaciada entre sí. En una posición cerrada o de sujeción las placas de sellado 112 y 122 cooperan para tomar el tejido y aplicar la energía electroquirúrgica al mismo. Otros detalles con respecto a un fórceps endoscópico previsto se divulgan en la Patente Estadounidense de propiedad común Núm. 7.090.673 titulada "VESSEL SEALER AND DIVIDER".
45 Los miembros mordaza 110 y 120 se activan utilizando un ensamblaje de conducción (no mostrado) encerrado dentro de la envoltura 21. El ensamblaje de conducción coopera con la manija movible 42 para impartir el movimiento de los miembros mordaza 110 y 120 desde la posición abierta a la posición cerrada o de sujeción. Se muestran ejemplos de un ensamblaje de manija y se describen en la solicitud identificada más arriba así como en la Publicación Estadounidense de propiedad común Núm. 2003/0229344 titulada "VESSEL SEALER AND DIVIDER
50 AND METHOD MANUFACTURING SAME" y la Patente Estadounidense de propiedad común Núm. 7.156.846 titulada "VESSEL SEALER AND DIVIDER FOR USE WITH SMALL TROCARS AND CANNULAS".
Los miembros mordaza 110 y 120 también incluyen aislantes 116 y 126 que junto con las placas no conductoras externas de los miembros mordaza 110 y 120 están configurados para limitar y/o reducir muchos de los efectos no deseables conocidos relacionados con el sellado de tejido, por ejemplo, brinco de la corriente, diseminación térmica
55 y disipación dispersa de corriente.
El ensamblaje de manija 40 de esa descripción particular puede incluir un enlace mecánico de cuatro barras que proporciona una ventaja mecánica única al sellar el tejido entre los miembros mordaza 110 y 120. Por ejemplo, una vez que se determina la posición deseada para el sitio de sellado y los miembros mordaza 110 y 120 se colocan apropiadamente, la manija 42 puede comprimirse completamente para cerrar las placas de sellado eléctricamente conductoras 112 y 122 en una posición cerrada contra el tejido. Los detalles con respecto a las relaciones de cooperación de los componentes de funcionamiento interno del fórceps 10 se divulgan en la Patente Estadounidense de propiedad común Núm. 7.090.673 citada anteriormente. Otro ejemplo de un ensamblaje de manija endoscópico que divulga un ensamblaje de manija, similar a una palanca, fuera del eje, se divulga en la Patente Estadounidense Núm. 7.156.846 citada anteriormente.
Tal como se muestra en las Figs. 1-2, el fórceps 10 también incluye un disparador 70 que adelanta un cuchillo (no mostrado explícitamente) dispuesto dentro del ensamblaje efector terminal 100. Una vez que se forma un sellado de tejido, el usuario activa el disparador 70 para separar el tejido a lo largo del sellado de tejido. El cuchillo preferentemente incluye un borde filoso para dividir el tejido sostenido entre los miembros mordaza 110 y 120 en el sitio de sellado del tejido. Se define un canal orientado longitudinalmente (no mostrado explícitamente) en la placa de sellado eléctricamente conductora 112 que se extiende desde el extremo proximal al extremo distal de la misma. El canal facilita la el intercambio longitudinal del cuchillo a lo largo de un plano de corte preferente para separar efectiva y exactamente el tejido a lo largo de un sellado de tejido formado.
El fórceps 10 también incluye un ensamblaje rotatorio 80 mecánicamente asociado al eje 12 y al ensamblaje de conducción (no mostrado). El movimiento del ensamblaje rotatorio 80 imparte movimiento rotatorio similar respecto del eje 12 que, a su vez, gira el ensamblaje efector terminal 100. Se describen en más detalle diversas características junto con diversas configuraciones eléctricas para la transferencia de energía electroquirúrgica a través del ensamblaje de manija 20 y el ensamblaje rotatorio 80 en las Patentes Estadounidenses de propiedad común Núm. 7.090.673 y 7.156.846 mencionadas anteriormente.
Tal como se observa mejor con respecto a las Figs. 1 y 2, el ensamblaje efector terminal 100 se une al extremo distal 14 del eje 12. Los miembros mordaza 110 y 120 son girables alrededor de un pivote 160 desde la posición abierta a cerrada en interacción relativa, es decir, movimiento longitudinal, del ensamblaje de conducción (no mostrado). Nuevamente, las relaciones mecánicas y de cooperación con respecto a los diversos elementos de movimiento del ensamblaje efector terminal 100 se describen además mediante el ejemplo con respecto a las Patentes Estadounidenses de propiedad común Núm. 7.090.673 y 7.156.846 mencionadas anteriormente.
Se prevé que el fórceps 10 puede diseñarse de manera tal que sea completamente o parcialmente desechable dependiendo del fin particular o para lograr un resultado particular. Por ejemplo, el ensamblaje efector terminal 100 puede ser engranable selectivamente y en forma liberable al extremo distal 14 del eje 12 y/o el extremo proximal 16 del eje 12 puede ser engranable selectivamente y en forma liberable a la envoltura 21 y el ensamblaje de manija 40. En cualquiera de estos dos casos, el fórceps 10 puede ser desechable o recolocable parcialmente, como cuando se utilizan un nuevo o diferente ensamblaje efector terminal 100 o ensamblaje efector terminal 100 y eje 12 para reemplazar selectivamente el viejo ensamblaje efector terminal 100 según sea necesario.
La Fig. 3 muestra un diagrama de bloques esquemático del generador 20 que tiene un controlador 24, una fuente de electricidad de CC de alto voltaje 27 ("HVPS") y una etapa de salida de RF 28. El HVPS 27 proporciona electricidad de CC de alto voltaje a una etapa de salida de RF 28 que después convierte la corriente de CC de alto voltaje en energía de RF y suministra la energía de RF al electrodo activo 24. En particular, la etapa de salida de RF 28 genera formas de onda sinusoidales de energía de RF de alta frecuencia. La etapa de salida de RF 28 está configurada para generar una pluralidad de formas de onda que tienen diversos ciclos de trabajo, voltajes máximos, factores cumbre, y otros parámetros. Ciertos tipos de formas de onda son apropiados para modos electroquirúrgicos específicos. Por ejemplo, la etapa de salida de RF 28 genera una forma de onda sinusoidal de 100% de ciclo de trabajo en modo de corte, que es más apropiada para disecar tejido y una forma de onda de 25% de ciclo de trabajo en el modo coagulación, que se utiliza mejor para cauterizar tejido para frenar el sangrado.
El controlador 24 incluye un microprocesador 25 operativamente conectado a una memoria 26 que puede ser memoria del tipo volátil (por ejemplo, RAM) y/o memoria del tipo no volátil (por ejemplo, memoria flash, medio de disco, etc.). El microprocesador 25 incluye un puerto de salida que está operativamente conectado al HVPS 27 y/o etapa de salida de RF 28 que permite que el microprocesador 25 controle la salida del generador 20 de acuerdo con los esquemas de bucle de control abiertos y/o cerrados.
Un esquema de control en bucle cerrado es un bucle de control de retroalimentación en el que los sistemas de circuitos de sensores 22, que pueden incluir una pluralidad de sensores que miden una variedad de propiedades del tejido y la energía (por ejemplo, impedancia del tejido, temperatura del tejido, corriente y/o voltaje de salida, etc.), proporciona retroalimentación al controlador 24. Dichos sensores están dentro del alcance de los expertos en la técnica. El controlador 24 después señaliza el HVPS 27 y/o etapa de salida de RF 28 que después ajusta el suministro de energía de CC y/o RF, respectivamente. El controlador 24 también recibe señales de entrada desde los controles de entrada del generador 20 o el fórceps 10. El controlador 24 utiliza las señales de entrada para ajustar la energía producida por el generador 20 y/o realiza otras funciones de control sobre el mismo.
La Fig. 4 muestra un método de acuerdo con la presente descripción para controlar la salida del generador en respuesta a la impedancia del tejido monitoreada. En la etapa 300, el fórceps 10 se coloca para tomar el tejido utilizando los miembros mordaza 110 y 120. En la etapa 310, las placas de sellado 112 y 122 son activadas y están en contacto con el tejido pero pueden no estar completamente cerradas. Se aplica una señal de voltaje constante durante un período de tiempo predeterminado (por ejemplo, primeros 2 a 3 segundos) para determinar la respuesta de impedancia del tejido inicial. Esto se produce previo al tratamiento del tejido a través de energía electroquirúrgica. Otras señales eléctricas que tienen uno o más valores sustancialmente constantes, tales como potencia constante, corriente y energía, también pueden aplicarse al tejido para determinar la respuesta inicial de impedancia del tejido.
La respuesta inicial de impedancia del tejido describe el estado del tejido natural y se utiliza en cálculos posteriores para determinar una variedad de parámetros de sellado (por ejemplo, duración de aplicación de energía, cantidad de energía que debe ser aplicada, etc.). La impedancia es monitoreada por los sistemas de circuitos de sensores 22. En particular, las señales de voltaje y corriente son monitoreadas y los valores de impedancia correspondientes se calculan con los sistemas de circuitos de sensores 22 y/o con el microprocesador 25. La potencia y otras propiedades de energía también pueden calcularse en base a las señales de corriente y voltaje recolectadas. El microprocesador 25 almacena el voltaje, corriente e impedancia recolectados dentro de la memoria 26.
Una respuesta de impedancia ilustrativa se muestra en las Figs. 5A-B, que muestran un gráfico de impedancia versus tiempo. En particular, la Fig. 5A muestra cambios en la impedancia durante un procedimiento de sellado de tejido completo. Tal como se muestra, la impedancia inicial del tejido cae alcanzando una impedancia mínima, después aumenta a una primera velocidad y después continúa aumentando a una segunda velocidad que es generalmente más lenta que la primera velocidad. La Fig. 5B muestra con mayor detalle la respuesta inicial de impedancia del tejido que está representada por un perfil de impedancia 400 que incluye una impedancia inicial 402 seguida por una caída de impedancia 404 que alcanza un mínimo de impedancia 406 y posteriormente transiciones a un primer incremento de impedancia 408.
En la etapa 320, los valores de respuesta inicial de impedancia del tejido, es decir, la impedancia inicial 402, la caída de impedancia 404 (velocidad de caída), el mínimo de impedancia 406 y el primer incremento de impedancia 40 (velocidad de aumento) son registrados y analizados. Se detectan mediciones de impedancia tan bajas como 50 Ohms o menores. Los valores registrados de respuesta inicial de impedancia del tejido proporcionan información detallada con respecto al tejido entre las mordazas. Por ejemplo, la caída de impedancia 404 puede utilizarse para calcular la relación entre la distancia de separación entre los electrodos y la cantidad de energía que está siendo suministrada al tejido. Además, la caída de impedancia 404 también puede utilizarse para determinar el tipo de tejido que está siendo tomado y los niveles de hidratación del mismo.
En la etapa 330, los valores de respuesta inicial de impedancia del tejido se utilizan para determinar los parámetros de tratamiento (por ejemplo, presión a ser aplicada a un tejido, duración de la aplicación de energía, cantidad de energía que debe suministrarse, trayectoria de impedancia buscada, etc.) para el posterior tratamiento del tejido. Esto puede lograrse proporcionando una tabla de consulta que puede almacenarse en la memoria 26 con los valores de impedancia. En base a estos valores, se cargan los correspondientes parámetros de tratamiento del tejido. El microprocesador 25 utiliza los parámetros de tratamiento del tejido cargados para ajustar la salida del generador 20 así como la intensidad de cierre y presión ejercidos por los miembros mordaza 110 y 120 sobre el tejido.
Aquellos expertos en la técnica apreciarán que la medición de los valores de impedancia inicial y el análisis de los mismos puede realizarse en tiempo real proporcionando un sistema que se adapta a diversos tipos de tejido.
Si bien se han mostrado varias realizaciones de la descripción en los dibujos y/o se han tratado en la presente memoria, no se pretende que la descripción se limite a las mismas, ya que se intenta que la descripción sea tan amplia en su alcance como lo permita la técnica y que la memoria descriptiva sea leída de la misma manera. Por ello, la descripción anterior no debe considerarse restrictiva, sino simplemente como ejemplificaciones de realizaciones particulares. Aquellos expertos en la técnica preverán otras modificaciones dentro del alcance de las reivindicaciones anexadas a la presente memoria.
Claims (5)
- REIVINDICACIONES1. Un generador electroquirúrgico (20) adaptado para suministrar energía electroquirúrgica a un tejido, que comprende:una etapa de salida de RF (28) adaptada para suministrar energía electroquirúrgica al tejido;sistema de circuitos de sensores; yun microprocesador;estando la etapa de salida de RF además adaptada para suministrar una señal eléctrica al tejido que tiene al menos un valor sustancialmente constante para determinar una respuesta inicial de impedancia del tejido;el sistema de circuitos de sensores (22) adaptado para monitorear continuamente la respuesta inicial de impedancia del tejido; caracterizado porque la respuesta inicial de impedancia del tejido incluye una impedancia inicial (402), una velocidad de caída de impedancia (404), un mínimo de impedancia (406) y una velocidad de primer incremento de impedancia (408); yel microprocesador (25) adaptado para generar al menos un parámetro de tratamiento del tejido como función de la impedancia inicial, la velocidad de caída de impedancia, el mínimo de impedancia y la velocidad de primer incremento de impedancia.
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- 2.
- Un generador electroquirúrgico de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, en el que el microprocesador está además adaptado para ajustar la salida del generador electroquirúrgico en base a al menos un parámetro de tejido.
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- 3.
- Un generador electroquirúrgico de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 o 2, en el que al menos un parámetro del tejido se selecciona del grupo que consiste en presión a ser aplicada al tejido, duración de la aplicación de energía, cantidad de energía a ser suministrada y trayectoria de impedancia buscada.
4, Un generador electroquirúrgico de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, 2 o 3, en el que el generador electroquirúrgico está conectado a un instrumento electroquirúrgico (10) que incluye al menos un electrodo activo (112, 122) adaptado para aplicar energía electroquirúrgica al tejido. - 5. Un generador electroquirúrgico de acuerdo con la reivindicación 4, en el que el instrumento electroquirúrgico es un fórceps electroquirúrgico (10) para sellar el tejido, comprendiendo el fórceps:al menos un miembro eje (12) que tiene un ensamblaje efector terminal dispuesto en un extremo distal (14) del mismo, incluyendo el ensamblaje efector terminal miembros mordaza (110, 120) movibles desde una primera posición en relación espaciada entre sí hasta al menos una posición posterior en la que los miembros mordaza cooperan para tomar el tejido entre los mismos; yuna placa de sellado (112, 122) unida a cada uno de los miembros mordaza en relación opuesta entre sí, dichas placas de sellado adaptadas para conectarse al generador electroquirúrgico de manera tal que dichas placas de sellado comuniquen la energía electroquirúrgica a través del tejido sostenido entre las mismas.
- 6. Un generador electroquirúrgico de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, en el que el valor constante de la señal eléctrica se selecciona del grupo que consiste en voltaje constante, corriente constante, potencia constante y energía constante.
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-
2006
- 2006-08-08 US US11/500,687 patent/US8034049B2/en active Active
-
2007
- 2007-08-07 CA CA2596177A patent/CA2596177C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-08-07 JP JP2007205959A patent/JP5371215B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-08-07 AU AU2007203682A patent/AU2007203682B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-08-08 EP EP10180964A patent/EP2289442B1/en not_active Ceased
- 2007-08-08 ES ES07015602T patent/ES2379996T3/es active Active
- 2007-08-08 EP EP07015602A patent/EP1886636B1/en not_active Not-in-force
-
2011
- 2011-09-27 US US13/246,035 patent/US20120022521A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2012
- 2012-11-16 JP JP2012251979A patent/JP2013046825A/ja not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20120022521A1 (en) | 2012-01-26 |
| CA2596177A1 (en) | 2008-02-08 |
| JP5371215B2 (ja) | 2013-12-18 |
| US20080039831A1 (en) | 2008-02-14 |
| US8034049B2 (en) | 2011-10-11 |
| EP1886636B1 (en) | 2012-03-07 |
| EP2289442A1 (en) | 2011-03-02 |
| AU2007203682A1 (en) | 2008-02-28 |
| CA2596177C (en) | 2016-09-20 |
| JP2013046825A (ja) | 2013-03-07 |
| EP1886636A1 (en) | 2008-02-13 |
| AU2007203682B2 (en) | 2013-05-16 |
| JP2008036439A (ja) | 2008-02-21 |
| EP2289442B1 (en) | 2012-10-03 |
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