ES2535687A1 - System and method of gasification of a liquid substrate (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

A gasification system of a liquid substrate comprising a gasification tank (1), an injection pipe (2) and an injection nozzle (3) of a liquid substrate in the gasification tank (1), for the pulverized injection of a liquid substrate to be gasified within a stream of gasifying agent inside the gasification tank (1). A method of gasifying a liquid substrate comprising introducing a certain amount of liquid substrate, comprising solid fuel particles dissolved and/or in suspension, within a stream of hot gasifying agent; raising the temperature of the liquid substrate until the liquid fraction of the liquid substrate evaporates; gasifying the solid fuel particles of the liquid substrate, and; collect combustible gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPTION

Gasification system and method of a liquid substrate

Object of the invention 5

The present disclosure presents a gasification system of a fuel formed by a liquid substrate comprising a dilution or suspension of solid fuel particles.

The present disclosure also presents a method of gasification of a fuel 10 formed by said liquid substrate comprising a dilution or suspension of solid fuel particles.

It has application in the industry dedicated to the design, manufacture, installation and operation of fuel gasification systems, destined to obtain fuels 15 optimized for later burning at points of generation of electrical, mechanical and / or heat energy.

Technical problem to be solved and Background of the invention

 twenty

Gasification is a thermochemical process that seeks to obtain a fuel, generally a gaseous fuel, by applying a high temperature gasifying agent to a carbonaceous substrate.

Depending on the type of substrate used, the temperature of the process in which the thermochemical reactions take place, and the nature of the gasifying agent used, combustible gases are obtained as products whose compositions vary, being common to find in them varying amounts of carbon monoxide and dioxide, hydrogen, methane and other hydrocarbons.

 30

The combustible gas obtained by the gasification process is collected in the upper part of a gasifier or gasification tank, by means of gas outlets provided with valves and filters to eliminate suspended solids that ascend along with the final gaseous stream, as well as to filter certain residual gases from the process or gases that are obtained as by-products of said process. 35

One of the main disadvantages observed in the current gasification processes is the obtaining of an unwanted solid by-product of the gasification process, resulting from the initial pyrolysis that the part of the substrate undergoes when it is heated in an oxygen-poor environment; said by-product is called "char" and, although other secondary applications can be found, its obtaining is considered as an unwanted side effect of the gasification process.

Likewise, in any gasification process, certain quantities of tar of varying composition are obtained as unwanted by-products, together with precipitates of 45 solids and ashes that form annoying agglomerations at the bottom of the gasifiers and which must subsequently be removed and cleaned. the gasifier

Description of the invention

 fifty

In order to avoid the aforementioned drawbacks, related to the generation of unwanted by-products of the gasification process, a gasification system and method are described below.

A fundamental feature of the gasification system presented is that it is designed to work with a liquid substrate, rather than a solid substrate.

Said liquid substrate is formed by a liquid fraction (a liquid substance or mixture) with a variable amount of dissolved or suspended solids, combustible solids with a variable calorific value which, by the gasification process, are transformed for later use as gaseous fuel

The present gasification system preferably uses as a substrate a liquid mixture as described in Spanish Patent Application ES 2457073 A1, of the type known as 10 "BWF" (English, "Biocoal Water Fuel") or "HCS" (English , "Hydro Char Slurry").

Said mixture consists of a liquid substrate comprising a certain amount of solid fuel particles, which are milled to obtain a particle size preferably less than 200 microns, and more preferably less than 100 microns. fifteen

Subsequent to small particle milling of the solid fuel, said particles are mixed with a liquid, preferably water, thereby obtaining an aqueous substance with dissolved or suspended solid fuel particles.

 twenty

According to an alternative embodiment, the solid fuel particles can be mixed with a liquid other than water, for example an organic substance or solution. Organic substances (eg ethanol) provide specific properties to the liquid substrate in terms of its boiling point, freezing or ignition, which may be interesting depending on the conditions of the gasification process. 25

Aqueous mixtures of solid fuels have the advantages, in logistic terms, of allowing them to be pumped (as opposed to purely solid fuels) in addition to presenting a reduced or no flammability.

 30

The gasification system of a liquid substrate that is presented comprises, according to a preferred embodiment thereof, a gasification tank which additionally comprises:

- means for pumping a liquid substrate in the gasification tank;

 35

- an injection pipe, connected to the gasification tank, for injection of a liquid substrate into the gasification tank;

- a regulating valve, positioned in the injection pipe to the gasification tank; 40

- a first inlet of the gasifying agent into the gasification tank;

- a fuel gas pipeline obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate. Four. Five

The injection pipe flows into the gasification tank, at a point where the temperature of the gasifying agent is such that it produces total or partial evaporation of the liquid fraction of the liquid substrate. Preferably, said temperature is substantially equal to or greater than 400 ° C. fifty

According to a preferred embodiment of the gasification system, the injection pipe connects with the gasification tank at the top of said gasification tank, next to the upper end of said gasification tank.

Also, according to a preferred embodiment of the gasification system, the first inlet of gasifying agent is located at the upper end of the gasification tank, above the injection pipe of the liquid substrate.

The first gasifying agent inlet is preferably arranged in an upright position, projecting a jet of gasifying agent in a downward vertical direction, into the gasification tank.

According to an embodiment of the gasification system, the first gasifying agent inlet comprises a burner where at least a part of the gases that make up said gasifying agent is burned. fifteen

This is so since, sometimes, the gasifying agent comprises a certain amount of combustible gas, which can be the fuel gas itself obtained as a product of the gasification process of the liquid substrate. Therefore, it may be convenient, in order to increase the temperature of the liquid substrate for subsequent gasification, to burn in the said burner a part of the gases that make up the gasifying agent.

The injection pipe, according to a preferred embodiment of the gasification system, sprays and injects the liquid substrate in a horizontal direction inside the gasification tank. 25

According to an embodiment of the gasification system, the system comprises a second inlet of gasifying agent inside the gasification tank, preferably located below the injection pipe of the liquid substrate.

 30

The gasification tank comprises a bottom connected to a collection pipe, for circulation of both the fuel gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate, and of solid waste generated during the gasification process.

According to a preferred embodiment of the gasification system of a liquid substrate, the system comprises a separation device connected to both the collection pipe and the fuel gas conduit pipe, where said separation device is connected, by its bottom, with an ashtray tank.

Said separation device, which may comprise a cyclone, helps to separate possible ashes and / or solid residues that may have been generated during gasification, or that could carry with it the liquid substrate, already from its entry into the gasification tank.

According to a possible embodiment of the gasification system, the conduit pipe is connected with a gas filter, separating unwanted gases and / or solid waste, 45 from the combustible gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate.

Also, according to a possible embodiment of the gasification system, the conduit pipe connects with a fuel gas washing system obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate. fifty

Preferably, the conduit pipe connects with a first heat exchanger, using the thermal energy included in the combustible gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate.

The gasification system of a liquid substrate comprises, according to a preferred embodiment, at least one temperature probe, located inside the gasification tank.

Preferably, the system comprises at least three temperature probes, located at different heights inside the gasification tank. 10

The gasification system also comprises, according to a preferred embodiment thereof, at least one oxygen concentration measurement probe, located inside the gasification tank, for measuring the amount of oxygen contained in the gasifying agent. fifteen

According to a preferred embodiment of the gasification system of a liquid substrate, the system comprises at least one servomotor connected to a regulating valve of the injection pipe.

 twenty

As already introduced, the present disclosure also relates to a method of gasification of a liquid substrate comprising dissolved and / or suspended solid fuel particles.

According to a preferred embodiment of the gasification method of a liquid substrate, the method comprises:

- introducing a certain amount of liquid substrate, into a stream of hot gasifying agent, wherein said gasifying agent comprises any combination of at least the following constituents:

or air;

or oxygen;

 35

or water vapor;

or carbon dioxide;

o hot gases from external combustion processes; 40

or combustible gases (eg, obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate, according to the present method);

 Four. Five

- raise the temperature of the liquid substrate until evaporation of the liquid fraction of the liquid substrate occurs;

- gasify the solid fuel particles of the liquid substrate;

 fifty

- collect fuel gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate.

The method comprises pressurizing the liquid substrate, prior to its introduction into a stream of gasifying agent.

The liquid substrate is preferably pressurized to a pressure equal to or greater than the evaporation pressure (corresponding to a certain temperature at which the liquid substrate is found) of the liquid fraction comprised in said liquid substrate.

The method comprises, according to an embodiment thereof, preheating the liquid substrate, prior to its introduction, into a stream of gasifying agent.

 10

According to a preferred embodiment of the gasification method of a liquid substrate, the method comprises spraying the liquid substrate in small drops, injecting them into the stream of gasifying agent.

The gasification method preferably comprises heating the gasifying agent, wherein said heating comprises at least the following steps:

- a first stage consisting of heating the gasifying agent to a temperature substantially equal to or greater than 400 ° C, prior to the introduction into the gasifying agent of a certain amount of liquid substrate; twenty

- a second stage consisting of heating the gasifying agent at a temperature between 700 ° C and 1,400 ° C.

Thanks to the preheating of the gasifying agent at a temperature equal to or greater than 400 ° C, the evaporation of a good part of the liquid fraction of the liquid substrate is allowed.

In the second stage of heating the gasifying agent, said gasifying agent is preferably heated to a temperature between 1,000 ° C and 1,200 ° C, to avoid the formation of char and tar during the gasification of the liquid substrate, and to avoid agglomeration. of the ashes that the liquid substrate can carry with it from the beginning.

In cases where the gasifying agent comprises combustible gases (eg, from the gasification process of the liquid substrate), the heating of the gasifying agent in the first stage can be carried out already inside the tank of 35 gasification, by combustion in a burner, located in correspondence with the first inlet of gasifying agent, on the part of the gases that are part of the gasifying agent.

In the case mentioned in the previous paragraph, the combustible gases are mixed with air and / or oxygen to form said gasifying agent and, after combustion in the burner, the hot gasifying agent results (temperature preferably greater than 400 ° C).

The burning of at least a part of the constituents of the gasifying agent preferably occurs prior to the introduction of the liquid substrate into the gasifying agent.

As already mentioned, the gasifying agent may also comprise hot gases resulting from the combustion of other external combustion processes, which are mixed with air and / or oxygen to form said gasifying agent, and which contribute to heating said gasifying agent. .

Injection of the gasifying agent through a second inlet of the gasifying agent can help to adjust the temperature of the gasifying agent between 1,000 ° C and 1,200 ° C.

The method preferably comprises separating ash and / or solid waste from the combustible gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate. 5

According to a possible embodiment of the gasification method of a liquid substrate, the method comprises filtering the fuel gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate.

 10

Preferably, the method comprises circulating the fuel gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate through a first heat exchanger, for use of thermal energy (comprised in the combustible gas) for other processes.

According to a possible embodiment of the gasification method of a liquid substrate, the method comprises circulating the liquid substrate through said first heat exchanger, prior to the introduction of the liquid substrate into the gasifying agent stream. In this way, the preheating of the liquid substrate can be achieved, before injecting it into the stream of gasifying agent.

 twenty

As already introduced, according to an embodiment of the gasification method, the method comprises mixing at least a part of the fuel gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate with air or oxygen. Subsequent to the combustion of the gas mixture, a gasifying agent with an elevated temperature is obtained, in which a certain amount of liquid substrate is introduced to first evaporate the liquids, as well as initiate the pyrolysis and gasification of the solid particles. .

According to a preferred embodiment of the gasification method of a liquid substrate, the method comprises measuring the temperature of the gasifying agent during the gasification of said liquid substrate, at least once and in at least one point in an area where the mixture is mixed. gasifying agent and liquid substrate.

The method preferably comprises controlling and regulating (maintaining / increasing / decreasing) the temperature and / or the amount of oxygen comprised in the gasifying agent as a function of the measured temperature of the gasifying agent. 35

According to an embodiment of the gasification method, said regulation can be carried out by controlling a burner where part of the gases that make up the gasifying agent are burned, and / or by controlling the entry of the gasifying agent through of a second inlet of gasifying agent. 40

According to a preferred embodiment of the gasification method of a liquid substrate, the method comprises measuring, at least once and at least one point in an area where the gasifying agent and the liquid substrate are mixed, the amount of oxygen comprised in the gasifying agent. Four. Five

The method preferably comprises controlling and regulating (maintaining / increasing / decreasing) the amount of oxygen comprised in the gasifying agent as a function of the amount of oxygen measured in the gasifying agent.

 fifty

Below is a particular embodiment of the gasification method of a liquid substrate, using a gasification tank.

According to said embodiment, the gasification method of a liquid substrate comprises:

- preheat the gasifying agent;

- introducing a stream of gasifying agent into a gasification tank, through a first inlet of gasifying agent;

- preheating a liquid substrate comprising dissolved and / or suspended solid fuel particles;

 10

- pressurize the liquid substrate at a pressure equal to or greater than the vapor pressure of the liquid fraction of the liquid substrate (vapor pressure corresponding to the preheating temperature of the liquid substrate);

- injecting, within the gasification tank and through an injection pipe, the liquid substrate into the stream of the gasifying agent, where the liquid substrate is sprayed into small droplets that are dispersed in the stream of the gasifying agent;

- regulate the temperature of the gasifying agent and the pressurization of the liquid substrate, 20 to evaporate the liquid fraction of the liquid substrate due to a temperature rise and a pressure drop of the liquid substrate;

- regulate the temperature and the amount of oxygen of the gasifying agent, to gasify the solid fuel particles of the liquid substrate by thermochemical reaction with the gasifying agent;

- collect, in a collection pipe connected to a bottom of the gasification tank, the combustible gas resulting from the gasification of the liquid substrate, together with possible ashes and / or solid waste; 30

- separating, in a separation device (for example, a cyclone), ashes and / or solid waste from the combustible gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate;

 35

- circulate the fuel gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate, through a first heat exchanger, to take advantage of the thermal energy of the combustible gas. If the gases are cooled below the water condensation temperature, the latent heat of the water vapors contained in the gases can be recovered. Thermal recovery can be important considering the high content of water vapors from the injection of liquid substrate.

The gasifying agent is introduced into the gasification tank at a minimum temperature of approximately 400 ° C. This preheating can be achieved by any combination of at least the following measures:

- a contribution of heat to the gasifying agent, prior to its introduction into the gasification tank;

 fifty

- incorporating hot gases from an external combustion process into the gasifying agent;

- incorporating into the gasifying agent combustible gases, which are burned at the entrance of the gasifying agent into the gasification tank.

The liquid substrate is preferably preheated by circulating it, prior to its introduction into the gasification tank, through the first heat exchanger. In this way, it takes advantage of the heat that the combustible gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate gives it.

Said first heat exchanger is preferably of tubular type.

 10

Said gasification tank preferably comprises an elongated tubular geometry.

Preferably, the method comprises also introducing a gasifying agent through a second inlet of gasifying agent into the gasification tank, said second inlet 15 preferably located below the injection pipe.

The gasification method preferably comprises measuring the temperature at least three points along the gasification tank.

 twenty

Brief description of the figures

As part of the explanation of the embodiment of the invention, a series of figures are included, the explanation of which is as follows:

 25

Figure 1: Shows a schematic view of an embodiment of the gasification system of a liquid substrate, object of the present disclosure.

Figure 2: Shows a flow chart of an embodiment of the gasification method of a liquid substrate, object of the present disclosure. 30

Detailed description

The present disclosure refers, as mentioned above, to a system and a method for the gasification of a liquid substrate. 35

Figure 1 shows a schematic view of an exemplary embodiment of the gasification system of a liquid substrate.

According to a preferred embodiment of the gasification system of a liquid substrate 40, said system comprises a gasification tank (1) connected to an injection pipe (3) of the liquid substrate.

According to a preferred embodiment of the gasification system, the gasification tank (1) comprises a vertical tubular geometry. Four. Five

The injection pipe (3) of the liquid substrate comprises, upon arrival at the gasification tank (1), a regulating valve (2) of said liquid substrate.

Said regulating valve (2) with the injection pipe (3) is designed to produce a spray or spray in small drops of the liquid substrate inside the gasification tank (1). Said atomization occurs due to a partial evaporation of the substrate.

liquid that arrives with a certain temperature and pressure to the regulating valve (2) and subsequent expansion of the vapors generated in the injection pipe (3).

According to a preferred embodiment of the gasification system, the injection pipe (3) connects with the gasification tank (1) at the top of said gasification tank (1), preferably a short distance from the upper end (4) of said gasification tank (1).

The gasification system also comprises, inside the gasification tank (1), a first inlet (5) of gasifying agent, said first inlet (5) preferably located at the upper end (4) of the gasification tank (1) ), above the injection pipe (3) of the liquid substrate.

The first inlet (5) of the gasifying agent is preferably positioned vertically, so that it projects a jet of the gasifying agent in the vertical direction and downwards.

According to an embodiment of the gasification system, the system also comprises a burner (6) inside the gasification tank (1), at the first inlet (5) of gasifying agent; according to said embodiment, said burner (6) burns at least part of the gases that make up the gasifying agent, thereby raising the temperature of the gasifying agent and, finally, the temperature of the liquid substrate.

On the other hand, according to a preferred embodiment of the gasification system, both the injection pipe (3), in its inner section to the gasification tank (1), and the regulation valve (2) of the liquid substrate, are arranged in a position that allows them to project the sprayed liquid substrate inside the flow of the gasifying agent into the gasification tank (1).

According to a possible embodiment of the gasification system of a liquid substrate, the system comprises a second inlet (7) of gasifying agent inside the gasification tank (1), wherein said second inlet (7) of gasifying agent is located below the injection pipe (3) of the liquid substrate.

According to a preferred embodiment of the gasification system of a liquid substrate 35, the gasification tank (1) comprises a bottom (8) connected with a collection pipe (9), through which both the obtained combustible gas circulates as a product of the gasification process, like any possible solid waste that may have been generated during the gasification process, or bring with it the liquid substrate upon entering the gasification tank (1). 40

Said collection pipe (9) connects with a separation device (10), for separation of the fuel gas obtained as a product of the process of gasification of ash and / or other solid waste, where the separation device (10) connects on its part upper with a conduit pipe (11) of the fuel gas obtained as a product of the process, 45 connecting at the bottom with an ashtray tank (12), for collecting possible solid waste, either generated during the gasification process, or dragged together with the liquid substrate at its entrance in the gasification tank (1).

According to a possible embodiment of the gasification system, the separation device (10) comprises a cyclone, for separation of ashes and / or other solid waste from the combustible gas obtained as a product of the gasification process.

According to a preferred embodiment of the gasification system, the conduit pipe (11) in turn connects with a gas filter (13), to separate possible unwanted gases, which circulate along with the fuel gas stream, as well as possible solid waste, carried along with the fuel gas stream obtained as a product of the gasification process. 5

At its exit from the gas filter (13), the conduit pipe (11) in turn connects with a fuel gas storage tank, either with a washing system for said combustible gas, or with an exploit system of said combustible gas, which can be used using the combustible gas to obtain electric, mechanical or thermal energy.

The gasification system of a liquid substrate comprises, according to a preferred embodiment thereof, at least one temperature probe (14), located inside the gasification tank (1). fifteen

According to a preferred embodiment, the gasification system comprises at least three temperature probes (14), located at different heights inside the gasification tank (1).

 twenty

The system also comprises, according to a preferred embodiment, at least one measuring probe (15) of the amount of oxygen (also called "lambda probe") contained in the gasifying agent.

Also, according to a preferred embodiment of the gasification system, the system comprises at least one servomotor (16), connected to a regulating valve (2).

According to an embodiment of the gasification system, the system comprises at least a first heat exchanger (17), with which the conduit pipe (11) is connected, to take advantage of the thermal energy contained in the fuel gas obtained 30 as a product of the process. Said thermal energy can be used to preheat the liquid substrate and / or the gasifying agent, prior to its introduction into the gasification tank (1).

As mentioned above, the present disclosure also relates to a method of gasification of a liquid substrate.

Figure 2 shows a schematic flow chart with the different phases that make up the gasification method of a liquid substrate, according to an embodiment of said method. These phases are listed below: 40

- preheating gasifying agent (21);

- introducing (22) gasifying agent into a gasification tank (1);

 Four. Five

- pressurize (24) liquid substrate;

- preheat liquid substrate (23);

- inject (25) liquid substrate into the gasification tank (1); fifty

- regulate the temperature of the gasifying agent and the pressure of the liquid substrate to evaporate (26) the liquid fraction of the liquid substrate;

- regulate the amount of oxygen and the temperature of the gasifying agent to gasify (27) the solid fuel particles of the liquid substrate;

- separating (28) ash and / or solid waste from the combustible gas obtained as product 5 of the gasification;

- circulate (29) the combustible gas obtained as a product of gasification, by a first heat exchanger (17), to take advantage of the thermal energy of the combustible gas. 10

According to a preferred embodiment of the gasification method, the method comprises pressurizing a mixture of liquid substrate comprising a certain amount of dissolved or suspended solid fuel particles.

 fifteen

Also, according to a preferred embodiment of the method, the method comprises preheating the liquid substrate mixture. Preheating is preferably produced by heat exchanger, preferably tubular, and preferably using residual heat from the gasification process, heat recovered from the gases obtained as process products. twenty

Pressurization of the liquid substrate preferably comprises raising the pressure of said liquid substrate to a pressure equal to or greater than the evaporation pressure of the liquid fraction comprised in the liquid substrate at the preheating temperature.

 25

The gasification method comprises, according to a preferred embodiment thereof, introducing a stream of a gasifying agent into a gasification tank (1).

According to an embodiment of the gasification method, said gasifying agent comprises combustion gases, either from external combustion processes, or from combustion in a burner (6) of part of the gas (synthesis gas or "Syngas ”) Obtained as a product of the gasification process.

Preferably, the gasifying agent has a temperature greater than 400 ° C, at the top of the gasification tank (1). In this way the evaporation of the liquid fraction of the liquid substrate is achieved.

According to an embodiment of the gasification method, the heat contributed with the gasifying agent and the heat generated in the gasification process itself are regulated with the amount of oxygen contributed with the gasifying agent to obtain a gasification temperature 40 between 700 ° C and 1,400 ° C. In this way the pyrolysis of the solid fraction of the liquid substrate is achieved. By means of the corresponding thermochemical reactions, gasification of the solid particles contained in the liquid substrate, and dispersed after evaporation of the liquid fraction of the liquid substrate, occurs.

 Four. Five

Preferably, said gasification temperature is regulated in the range between 1,000 ° C and 1,200 ° C, in order to avoid the appearance of char and tar, which takes place mainly at temperatures below said range, and also to prevent the smelting of ashes dragged with the liquid substrate (ash that initially accompanies the BWF fuel particles), a foundry that takes place mainly at temperatures above said range.

To control the temperature of the gasification process, a second contribution of said gasifying agent is produced, through a second inlet (7) of gasifying agent that provides additional oxygen, inside a gasification tank (1).

The gasifying agent comprises a variable amount of air and / or pure oxygen. In the event that the gasifying agent is mixed with gases from a combustion process (eg from the combustion of the gas generated as a product of the gasification process), said gasifying agent may also comprise any combination of monoxide of carbon and carbon dioxide. The gasifying agent also comprises water vapor, which is generated by evaporating the liquid fraction of the liquid substrate. Additionally, the gasifying agent 10 may comprise mixtures of other gases.

The gasifying agent preferably comprises an excess of oxygen to provide the stoichiometric amount necessary for the gasification reactions of the liquid substrate.

 fifteen

According to an embodiment of the gasification method, the gasifying agent can comprise combustion products from part of the gas obtained as a product of the gasification process, combustion that can occur in a burner (6), helping to raise it, by means of heat generated in said combustion, the temperature of the gasifying agent and, finally, the temperature of the liquid substrate. twenty

According to a preferred embodiment of the gasification method, said method comprises introducing the preheated mixture of liquid substrate into a stream of gasifying agent.

 25

The gasification method also comprises, according to a preferred embodiment thereof, spraying, in small drops, said liquid substrate within the stream of gasifying agent, where the gasifying agent is at a temperature sufficient to produce the evaporation of the liquid fraction of the liquid substrate and the gasification of the solid particles of the liquid substrate. 30

Due to the conditions of temperature and oxygen content in the gasifying agent, a pyrolysis process begins that breaks down the small solid particles contributed in the liquid substrate, and leads to a gasification process. If the gasification temperature is not high enough, char and tar can be formed as by-products of gasification. By supplying air and / or pure oxygen in a first inlet (5) and / or in a second inlet (7) of gasifying agent inside a gasification tank (1), the gasification temperature can be raised to the level required to avoid the formation of char and / or tar. In the case of complete gasification, at the end of the gasification process only ashes remain as residual solids, and a synthesis gas 40 composed mainly of H, CO, CO2, H2O, N and other components that have been supplied with the gasifying agent or that may have occurred during thermochemical reactions.

According to a preferred embodiment of the gasification method, method 45 comprises introducing the preheated, pressurized and pulverized mixture of liquid substrate into the gasification tank (1) into which the preheated gasifying agent is introduced, into a jet of the gasifying agent.

The method comprises, according to a preferred embodiment thereof, 50 precipitating the liquid substrate within the gasifying agent, so that during the precipitation of the drops of the liquid substrate, the thermochemical reactions of the gasification occur of said liquid substrate.

When the liquid substrate passes through the regulating valve (2), there is a sharp drop in the pressure of said liquid substrate, when it comes into contact with the interior environment of the gasification tank (1).

 5

Said pressure drop, together with the heat input in the injection pipe (3) causes the evaporation of a part of the liquid fraction (mainly water) that forms the drops of the liquid substrate.

When the fine drops of liquid substrate are heated in their precipitation within the gasifying agent 10, the entire remaining liquid fraction of said drops of liquid substrate is finally evaporated, leaving only the solid fuel particles initially contained in the liquid substrate.

The water vapor generated then becomes part of the gasifying agent. The gasification process also causes a certain amount of hydrogen to be generated from said water vapor.

The evaporation of all the liquid, together with the fact that it is embedded within the gasifying agent, facilitates the dispersion of the solid fuel particles within said gasifying agent, thereby avoiding fuel agglomerations, contributing to a better gasification of the entire substrate, and avoiding the formation of solid final by-products of the process.

The solid particles, in their precipitation within the hot gasifying agent, undergo various thermochemical reactions, going through intermediate solid products until finally a synthesis gas or "syngas" is obtained as a product of the gasification process, said gas of synthesis comprising, among other gases, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane and a certain amount of water vapor.

 30

The inorganic content of the solid particles of the substrate (Fe, Ca, K, among others, contained in the ashes carried in the BWF) catalyzes the thermochemical reactions of the gasification (facilitating the cracking of the carbon chains) and, finally, It reacts with the char that inevitably occurs in gasification (although in smaller quantities than in conventional gasification, thanks to the use of liquid substrate and its dispersion in the gasifying agent), forming ashes by-product that precipitate and are extracted from the tank of gasification (1).

According to an embodiment of the gasification method, said ashes can be extracted by passing the gas stream obtained as a product of the gasification process (synthesis gas) through a static particle filter or some sort of separation device (10 ), such as a cyclone.

The gas stream obtained as a product of the process is passed, according to an embodiment of the gasification method, through a first heat exchanger (17), 45 to take advantage of the thermal energy of said gas.

The heat extracted, by means of the first heat exchanger (17), of the gas stream obtained as a product of the process, can be used, for example, for preheating the liquid substrate and / or the gasifying agent used in the process of gasification, thereby improving the energy balance of the process.

If the temperature of the gas obtained as a product of the gasification process is not high enough to take advantage of it in the preheating of the liquid substrate and / or the gasifying agent, the thermal energy of said gas obtained as a product of the gasification process can be used for another type of processes that do not require such a high temperature level (eg for use in heating systems). 5

Finally, according to an embodiment of the gasification method of a liquid substrate, the gas obtained as a product of the process is subjected to a washing process, to eliminate possible unwanted solid and / or gaseous residues, finally obtaining a stream of gas (synthesis gas or “syngas”) product of the gasification process, whose internal energy is usable in other processes to obtain electrical, mechanical or thermal energy.

According to a preferred embodiment of the gasification method, the method comprises measuring the amount of oxygen contained in the jet of gasifying agent. Said measurement 15 can be carried out at different points along the gasification tank (1). Said measurement is preferably carried out at least one point before the injection of the liquid substrate into the gasification tank (1).

In this way the amount of gasifying agent that is necessary to introduce into the gasification tank (1) can be controlled so that the complete gasification of the substrate occurs. More specifically, the oxygen concentration that the gasifying agent must have can be controlled in this way, increasing or reducing said oxygen concentration in the gasifying agent according to the needs of the gasification process.

 25

The gasification method preferably comprises introducing the gasifying agent into the gasification tank (1), at a point of said gasification tank (1) located above the inlet of the sprayed liquid substrate in the gasification tank (1) .

The gasification method also comprises, according to an embodiment thereof, introducing a gasifying agent at at least two different points along the gasification tank (1).

According to said embodiment mentioned in the previous paragraph, a gasifying agent is introduced at least one point of the gasification tank (1) located above the inlet of the sprayed liquid substrate, and at least one point of the gasification tank ( 1) located below the liquid substrate inlet in said gasification tank (1).

The gasification method comprises, according to an embodiment thereof, measuring the temperature at least one point inside the gasification tank (1). 40

According to a preferred embodiment of the gasification method, the method comprises measuring the temperature at least three points inside the gasification tank (1), located at different heights along the gasification tank (1).

 Four. Five

Depending on the temperature measured inside the gasification tank (1), the amount of gasifying agent to be supplied and the concentration of oxygen in the gasifying agent are also controlled.

fifty

Claims (23)

1. Gasification system of a liquid substrate comprising a gasification tank (1), characterized in that it additionally comprises:  5 - pumping means of a liquid substrate in the gasification tank (1), wherein said liquid substrate comprises a liquid fraction and solid fuel particles dissolved and / or suspended in said liquid fraction; - an injection pipe (3), connected to the gasification tank (1), injection 10 of a liquid substrate in the gasification tank (1); - a regulating valve (2), positioned in the injection pipe (3); - a first inlet (5) of gasifying agent into the gasification tank 15 (1); - a conduit pipe (11) of combustible gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate.  twenty 2. Gasification system of a liquid substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that the injection pipe (3) flows into a point of the gasification tank (1) where the temperature of the gasifying agent is such that it produces total or partial evaporation of the liquid fraction of the liquid substrate.  25 3. Gasification system of a liquid substrate according to claim 2, characterized in that the temperature of the gasifying agent at the point where the injection pipe (3) of the liquid substrate flows into the gasification tank (1) is substantially equal or higher at 400 ° C.  30 4. Gasification system of a liquid substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that the first inlet (5) of gasifying agent comprises a burner (6) where at least a part of the gases that make up said gasifying agent is burned. 5. Gasification system of a liquid substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a second inlet (7) of gasifying agent inside the gasification tank (1). 6. Gasification system of a liquid substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that the gasification tank (1) comprises: - a bottom (8) connected to a collection pipe (9), for circulation of both the fuel gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate, and of solid waste generated during the gasification process;  Four. Five - a separation device (10) connected to both the collection pipe (9) and the conduit pipe (11), where said separation device (10) is connected, on the bottom, with an ashtray tank (12 ). 7. Gasification system of a liquid substrate according to claim 6, characterized in that the separation device (10) comprises a cyclone. 8. Gasification system of a liquid substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that the conduit pipe (11) is connected to a gas filter (13) separating unwanted gases and / or solid waste from the fuel gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate.  5 9. Gasification system of a liquid substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that the conduit pipe (11) connects with a fuel gas washing system obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate. 10. Gasification system of a liquid substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that the conduit pipe (11) connects with a first heat exchanger (17), using thermal energy comprised in the combustible gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate. 11. Gasification system of a liquid substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least one temperature probe (14), located inside the gasification tank (1). 12. Gasification system of a liquid substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least one measuring probe (15), located inside the gasification tank (1), for measuring the amount of oxygen contained in the gasifying agent. 13. Method of gasification of a liquid substrate characterized in that it comprises:  25 - introducing a certain amount of liquid substrate, comprising dissolved and / or suspended solid fuel particles, into a stream of gasifying agent, wherein said gasifying agent comprises any combination of at least the following constituents:  30 or air; or oxygen; or water vapor; 35 or carbon dioxide; o hot gases from external combustion processes;  40 o combustible gases; - raise the temperature of the liquid substrate until evaporation of the liquid part of the liquid substrate occurs;  Four. Five - gasify the solid fuel particles of the liquid substrate; - collect fuel gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate.  fifty 14. Method of gasification of a liquid substrate according to claim 13, characterized in that it comprises: - pressurize the liquid substrate, prior to its introduction into a stream of gasifying agent, to a pressure equal to or greater than the evaporation pressure, at a certain temperature, of the liquid fraction comprised in the liquid substrate;  5 - preheat the liquid substrate, prior to its introduction, into a stream of gasifying agent; - spray the liquid substrate into small drops of liquid substrate, injecting them into the stream of gasifying agent. 10 15. Method of gasification of a liquid substrate according to claim 13, characterized in that it comprises heating the gasifying agent, wherein said heating comprises at least the following steps:  fifteen - a first stage consisting of heating the gasifying agent to a temperature substantially equal to or greater than 400 ° C, prior to the introduction into the gasifying agent of a certain amount of liquid substrate; - a second stage consisting of heating the gasifying agent at a temperature between 700 ° C and 1,400 ° C. 16. Method of gasification of a liquid substrate according to claim 15, characterized in that in the second heating stage of the gasifying agent, said gasifying agent is heated to a temperature between 1,000 ° C and 1,200 ° C. 25 17. Method of gasification of a liquid substrate according to claim 13, characterized in that it comprises burning at least a part of the constituents of the gasifying agent prior to the introduction of the liquid substrate into the gasifying agent. 30 18. Method of gasification of a liquid substrate according to claim 13, characterized in that it comprises separating ashes and / or solid residues from the combustible gas obtained as a product of gasification of the liquid substrate.  35 19. Method of gasification of a liquid substrate according to claim 13, characterized in that it comprises filtering the fuel gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate. 20. Method of gasification of a liquid substrate according to claim 13, characterized in that it comprises circulating the fuel gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate by a first heat exchanger (17), for use of thermal energy comprised in Fuel gas for other processes.  Four. Five 21. Method of gasification of a liquid substrate according to claim 13, characterized in that it comprises: - measuring the temperature of the gasifying agent during the gasification of said liquid substrate, at least once and at least one point in an area where the gasifying agent and the liquid substrate are mixed. - regulate the temperature and / or the amount of oxygen included in the gasifying agent as a function of the measured temperature of the gasifying agent. 22. Method of gasification of a liquid substrate according to claim 13, characterized in that it comprises: - preheating gasifying agent (21); - introducing (22) a stream of gasifying agent into a gasification tank (1), through a first inlet (5) of gasifying agent; 10 - pressurizing (23) the liquid substrate at a pressure equal to or greater than the vapor pressure of the liquid fraction of the liquid substrate at a preheating temperature of the liquid substrate;  fifteen - preheating a liquid substrate (24) comprising dissolved and / or suspended solid fuel particles; - injecting (25), into the gasification tank (1) and through an injection pipe (3), the liquid substrate into the stream of gasifying agent, 20 where the liquid substrate is sprayed into small droplets that are dispersed in the stream of gasifying agent; - regulate the temperature of the gasifying agent and the pressurization of the liquid substrate to evaporate (26) the liquid fraction of the liquid substrate due to a temperature rise and a pressure drop of the liquid substrate; - regulate the temperature and the amount of oxygen of the gasifying agent, to gasify (27) the solid fuel particles of the liquid substrate by thermochemical reaction with the gasifying agent; 30 - collect, in a collection pipe (9) connected to a bottom (8) of the gasification tank (1), combustible gas resulting from the gasification of the liquid substrate, together with ashes and / or solid waste;  35 - separating (28), in a separation device (10), ashes and / or solid waste from the combustible gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate; - circulate (29) the combustible gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate, by a first heat exchanger (17), to take advantage of the thermal energy of the combustible gas. 23. Method of gasification of a liquid substrate according to claim 22, characterized in that it comprises introducing gasifying agent into the gasification tank (1), through a second inlet (7) of gasifying agent, located below the nozzle injection (3).