ES2535687B2 - Gasification system and method of a liquid substrate - Google Patents

Abstract

A gasification system of a liquid substrate is presented comprising a gasification tank (1), an injection pipe (2) and an injection nozzle (3) of a liquid substrate in the gasification tank (1), for the pulverized injection of a liquid substrate to be gasified within a stream of gasifying agent inside the gasification tank (1). A method of gasification of a liquid substrate is presented which comprises introducing a certain amount of liquid substrate, comprising dissolved and / or suspended solid fuel particles, into a stream of hot gasifying agent; raise the temperature of the liquid substrate until evaporation of the liquid fraction of the liquid substrate occurs; gasify the solid fuel particles of the liquid substrate, and; collect fuel gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate.

Description

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DESCRIPTION

System and method of gasification of an illiquid substrate.

Object of the invention

The present disclosure presents a gasification system of a fuel formed by an illiquid substrate comprising a dilution or suspension of solid fuel particles.

The present disclosure also presents a method of gasification of a fuel formed by said liquid substrate comprising a dilution or suspension of solid fuel particles.

It has application in the industry dedicated to the design, manufacture, installation and operation of fuel gasification systems, destined to obtain optimized fuels for later burning at points of generation of electrical, mechanical and / or caloric energy.

Technical problem to be solved and Background of the invention

Gasification is a thermochemical process that seeks to obtain a fuel, generally a gaseous fuel, by applying a high temperature gasifying agent to a carbonaceous substrate.

Depending on the type of substrate used, the temperature of the process in which the thermochemical reactions take place, and the nature of the gasifying agent used, combustible gases are obtained as products whose compositions vary, being common to find varying amounts of monoxide and carbon dioxide, hydrogen, methane and other hydrocarbons.

The combustible gas obtained by the gasification process is collected in the upper part of a gasifier or gasification tank, by means of gas outlets provided with valves and filters to eliminate suspended solids that ascend along with the final gas stream, as well! as to filter certain residual gases of the process or gases that are obtained as by-products of said process.

One of the main disadvantages observed in the current gasification processes is the obtaining of an unwanted solid by-product from the gasification process, resulting from the initial pyrolysis that the part of the substrate undergoes when it is heated in an oxygen-poor environment; said by-product is called "char" and, although other secondary applications can be found, its obtaining is considered as an unwanted side effect of the gasification process.

Likewise, in any gasification process, certain quantities of tar of varying composition are obtained as unwanted by-products, together with precipitates of solids and ashes that form annoying agglomerations at the bottom of the gasifiers and that subsequently must be removed and proceed to clean the gasifier

Description of the invention

In order to avoid the aforementioned drawbacks, related to the generation of unwanted by-products of the gasification process, a gasification system and method are described below.

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A fundamental feature of the gasification system presented is that it is designed to work with a liquid substrate, rather than a solid substrate.

Said liquid substrate is formed by a liquid fraction (a liquid substance or mixture) with a variable amount of dissolved or suspended solids, combustible solids with a variable calorific value that, through the gasification process, are transformed for later use as fuel gaseous.

The present gasification system preferably uses as a substrate a liquid mixture as described in the Spanish patent application ES 2457073 A1, of the type known as "BWF" (English, "Biocoal Water Fuel") or "HCS" (English, "Hydro Char Slurry").

Said mixture consists of a liquid substrate comprising a certain amount of solid fuel particles, which are milled to obtain a particle size preferably less than 200 microns, and more preferably less than 100 microns.

After grinding in small particles of the solid fuel, said particles are mixed with a liquid, preferably water, thereby obtaining an aqueous substance with dissolved or suspended solid fuel particles.

According to an alternative embodiment, the solid fuel particles can be mixed with a liquid other than water, for example an organic substance or solution. Organic substances (eg ethanol) provide specific properties to the liquid substrate in terms of its boiling point, freezing or ignition, which may be interesting depending on the conditions of the gasification process.

Aqueous mixtures of solid fuels have the advantages, in logistic terms, of allowing them to be pumped (as opposed to purely solid fuels) in addition to presenting a reduced or no flammability.

The gasification system of a liquid substrate that is presented comprises, according to a preferred embodiment thereof, a gasification tank which additionally comprises:

- means for pumping a liquid substrate into the gasification tank;

- an injection pipe, connected to the gasification tank, for injection of a liquid substrate into the gasification tank;

- a regulation valve, positioned in the injection pipe to the gasification tank;

- a first inlet of the gasifying agent into the gasification tank;

- a fuel gas conduction pipe obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate.

The injection pipe flows into the gasification tank, at a point where the temperature of the gasifying agent is such that it produces total or partial evaporation of the liquid fraction of the liquid substrate. Preferably, said temperature is substantially equal to or greater than 400 ° C.

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According to a preferred embodiment of the gasification system, the injection pipe connects with the gasification tank at the top of said gasification tank, next to the upper end of said gasification tank.

Also, according to a preferred embodiment of the gasification system, the first inlet of the gasifying agent is located at the upper end of the gasification tank, above the injection pipe of the liquid substrate.

The first gasifying agent inlet is preferably arranged in a vertical position, projecting a jet of gasifying agent in a vertical direction downwards, into the gasification tank.

According to a mode of realization of the gasification system, the first inlet of the gasifying agent comprises a burner where at least a part of the gases that make up said gasifying agent is burned.

This is so! since, sometimes, the gasifying agent comprises a certain amount of combustible gas, which can be the fuel gas itself obtained as a product of the gasification process of the liquid substrate. Therefore, it may be convenient, in order to increase the temperature of the liquid substrate for subsequent gasification, to burn in the said burner a part of the gases that make up the gasifying agent.

The injection pipe, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the gasification system, sprays and injects the liquid substrate horizontally into the gasification tank.

According to a form of realization of the gasification system, the system comprises a second inlet of the gasifying agent inside the gasification tank, preferably located below the injection tube of the liquid substrate.

The gasification tank comprises a bottom connected to a collection pipe, for circulation of both the fuel gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate, and of solid waste generated during the gasification process.

According to a preferred embodiment of the gasification system of a liquid substrate, the system comprises a separation device connected to both the collection pipe and the conduction pipe of the combustible gas, where said separation device is connected, in turn lower, with an ashtray tank.

Said separation device, which may comprise a cyclone, helps to separate possible ashes and / or solid residues that may have been generated during gasification, or that could carry with it the liquid substrate, already from its entry into the gasification tank.

According to a possible embodiment of the gasification system, the conduction pipe is connected to a gas filter, separating unwanted gases and / or solid waste, from the combustible gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate.

Also, according to a possible form of realization of the gasification system, the conduction pipe connects with a fuel gas washing system obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate.

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Preferably, the conduction pipe connects with a first heat exchanger, to take advantage of the thermal energy comprised in the combustible gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate.

The gasification system of a liquid substrate comprises, according to a preferred embodiment, at least one temperature probe, located inside the gasification tank.

Preferably, the system comprises at least three temperature probes, located at different heights inside the gasification tank.

The gasification system also comprises, in accordance with a preferred embodiment thereof, at least one oxygen concentration measurement probe, located inside the gasification tank, for measuring the amount of oxygen contained in the gasifying agent.

According to a preferred embodiment of the gasification system of a liquid substrate, the system comprises at least one servomotor connected to a regulation valve of the injection pipe.

As already introduced, the present disclosure also refers to a method of gasification of a liquid substrate comprising dissolved and / or suspended solid fuel particles.

According to a preferred embodiment of the gasification method of a liquid substrate, the method comprises:

- introducing a certain amount of liquid substrate, into a stream of hot gasifying agent, wherein said gasifying agent comprises any combination of at least the following constituents:

or air;

or oxygen;

or water vapor;

or carbon dioxide;

o hot gases from external combustion processes;

or combustible gases (eg, obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate, according to the present method);

- raising the temperature of the liquid substrate until evaporation of the liquid fraction of the liquid substrate occurs;

- gasify the solid fuel particles of the liquid substrate;

- collect fuel gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate.

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The method comprises pressurizing the liquid substrate, prior to its introduction into a stream of gasifying agent.

The liquid substrate is preferably pressurized to a pressure equal to or greater than the evaporation pressure (corresponding to a certain temperature at which the liquid substrate is found) of the liquid fraction comprised in said liquid substrate.

The method comprises, according to a form of realization thereof, preheating the liquid substrate, prior to its introduction into a stream of gasifying agent.

According to a preferred embodiment of the gasification method of a liquid substrate, the method comprises spraying the liquid substrate in small droplets, injecting them into the gasifying agent stream.

The gasification method preferably comprises heating the gasifying agent, wherein said heating comprises at least the following steps:

- a first stage consisting of heating the gasifying agent to a temperature substantially equal to or greater than 400 ° C, prior to the introduction into the gasifying agent of a certain amount of liquid substrate;

- a second stage consisting of heating the gasifying agent at a temperature between 700 ° C and 1,400 ° C.

Thanks to the preheating of the gasifying agent at a temperature equal to or greater than 400 ° C, the evaporation of a good part of the liquid fraction of the liquid substrate is allowed.

In the second heating stage of the gasifying agent, said gasifying agent is preferably heated to a temperature between 1,000 ° C and 1,200 ° C, to avoid the formation of char and tar during the gasification of the liquid substrate, and to avoid the agglomeration of the ashes that the liquid substrate can carry with it from the beginning.

In cases where the gasifying agent comprises combustible gases (eg, coming from the gasification process of the liquid substrate), the heating of the gasifying agent in the first stage can already be carried out inside the tank of gasification, by combustion in a burner, located in correspondence with the first inlet of gasifying agent, on the part of the gases that are part of the gasifying agent.

In the case mentioned in the preceding paragraph, the combustible gases are mixed with air and / or oxygen to form said gasifying agent and, after combustion in the burner, the hot gasifying agent results (temperature preferably greater than 400 ° C).

The burning of at least a part of the constituents of the gasifying agent preferably occurs prior to the introduction of the liquid substrate into the gasifying agent.

As already mentioned, the gasifying agent may also comprise hot gases resulting from the combustion of other external combustion processes, which are mixed with air and / or oxygen to form said gasifying agent, and which contribute to the heating of said gasifying agent.

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The injection of the gasifying agent through a second inlet of the gasifying agent can help adjust the temperature of the gasifying agent between 1,000 ° C and 1,200 ° C.

The method preferably comprises separating ashes and / or solid residues from the combustible gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate.

According to a possible embodiment of the gasification method of a liquid substrate, the method comprises filtering the fuel gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate.

Preferably, the method comprises circulating the fuel gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate by a first heat exchanger, for use of thermal energy (comprised in the combustible gas) for other processes.

According to a possible embodiment of the gasification method of a liquid substrate, the method comprises circulating the liquid substrate through said first heat exchanger, prior to the introduction of the liquid substrate into the gasifying agent stream. In this way, the preheating of the liquid substrate can be achieved, before injecting it into the stream of gasifying agent.

As already introduced, according to one embodiment of the gasification method, the method comprises mixing at least a part of the combustible gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate with air or oxygen. After the combustion of the gas mixture, a gasifying agent with an elevated temperature is obtained, into which a certain amount of liquid substrate is introduced to first evaporate the liquids, as well! how to start pyrolysis and gasification of solid particles.

According to a preferred embodiment of the gasification method of a liquid substrate, the method comprises measuring the temperature of the gasifying agent during the gasification of said liquid substrate, at least once and at least one point in an area where the agent is mixed. gasifier and liquid substrate.

The method preferably comprises controlling and regulating (maintaining / increasing / decreasing) the temperature and / or the amount of oxygen contained in the gasifying agent as a function of the measured temperature of the gasifying agent.

According to one embodiment of the gasification method, said regulation can be carried out by controlling a burner where part of the gases that make up the gasifying agent are burned, and / or by controlling the entry of gasifying agent through of a second inlet of gasifying agent.

According to a preferred embodiment of the gasification method of a liquid substrate, the method comprises measuring, at least once and in at least one point in an area where the gasifying agent and the liquid substrate are mixed, the amount of oxygen comprised in the gasifying agent.

The method preferably comprises controlling and regulating (maintaining / increasing / decreasing) the amount of oxygen contained in the gasifying agent as a function of the amount of oxygen measured in the gasifying agent.

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Below is a particular embodiment of the gasification method of a liquid substrate, using a gasification tank.

According to said embodiment, the gasification method of a liquid substrate comprises:

- preheat the gasifying agent;

- introducing a stream of gasifying agent into a gasification tank, through a first inlet of gasifying agent;

- preheating a liquid substrate comprising dissolved and / or suspended solid fuel particles;

- pressurize the liquid substrate at a pressure equal to or greater than the vapor pressure of the liquid fraction of the liquid substrate (vapor pressure corresponding to the preheating temperature of the liquid substrate);

- injecting, within the gasification tank and through an injection pipe, the liquid substrate into the stream of the gasifying agent, where the liquid substrate is sprayed into small droplets that are dispersed in the stream of the gasifying agent;

- regulate the temperature of the gasifying agent and the pressurization of the liquid substrate, to evaporate the liquid fraction of the liquid substrate due to a temperature rise and a pressure drop of the liquid substrate;

- regulate the temperature and the amount of oxygen of the gasifying agent, to gasify the solid fuel particles of the liquid substrate by thermochemical reaction with the gasifying agent;

- collect, in a collection pipe connected to a bottom of the gasification tank, the combustible gas resulting from the gasification of the liquid substrate, together with possible ashes and / or solid waste;

- separating, in a separation device (for example, a cyclone), ashes and / or solid residues from the combustible gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate;

- circulate the fuel gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate, through a first heat exchanger, to take advantage of the thermal energy of the combustible gas. If the gases are cooled below the water condensation temperature, the latent heat of the water vapors contained in the gases can be recovered. Thermal recovery may be important considering the high content of water vapors from the injection of liquid substrate.

The gasifying agent is introduced into the gasification tank at a minimum temperature of approximately 400 ° C. This preheating can be achieved by any combination of at least the following measures:

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a contribution of heat to the gasifying agent, prior to its introduction into the gasification tank;

- incorporating hot gases from the external combustion process into the gasifying agent;

- incorporating into the gasifying agent combustible gases, which are burned at the entrance of the gasifying agent into the gasification tank.

The liquid substrate is preferably preheated by circulating it, prior to its introduction into the gasification tank, through the first heat exchanger. In this way, it takes advantage of the heat that the combustible gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate gives it.

Said first heat exchanger is preferably of tubular type.

Said gasification tank preferably comprises an elongated tubular geometry.

Preferably, the method comprises also introducing gasifying agent through a second inlet of gasifying agent into the gasification tank, said second inlet preferably located below the injection pipe.

The gasification method preferably comprises measuring the temperature at least three points along the gasification tank.

Brief description of the figures

As part of the explanation of the mode of realization of the invention, a series of figures whose explanation is as follows have been included:

Figure 1: Shows a schematic view of an embodiment of the gasification system of a liquid substrate, object of the present disclosure.

Figure 2: Shows a flow chart of an example of the gasification method of a liquid substrate, object of the present disclosure.

Detailed description

The present disclosure refers, as mentioned above, to a system and method for the gasification of a liquid substrate.

Figure 1 shows a schematic view of an exemplary embodiment of the gasification system of a liquid substrate.

According to a preferred embodiment of the gasification system of a liquid substrate, said system comprises a gasification tank (1) connected to an injection pipe (3) of the liquid substrate.

According to a preferred embodiment of the gasification system, the gasification tank (1) comprises a vertical tubular geometry.

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The injection pipe (3) of the illiquid substrate comprises, upon arrival at the gasification tank (1), a regulation valve (2) of said liquid substrate.

Said regulating valve (2) with the injection pipe (3) is designed to produce an atomization or pulverization in small drops of the liquid substrate inside the gasification tank (l). Said atomization occurs due to a partial evaporation of the liquid substrate that arrives with a certain temperature and pressure to the regulating valve (2) and subsequent expansion of the vapors generated in the injection pipe (3).

According to a preferred embodiment of the gasification system, the injection pipe (3) connects with the gasification tank (1) in the upper part of said gasification tank (1), preferably a short distance from the upper end ( 4) of said gasification tank (1).

The gasification system also comprises, inside the gasification tank (1), a first inlet (5) of gasifying agent, said first inlet (5) preferably located at the upper end (4) of the gasification tank (1) , above the injection pipe (3) of the liquid substrate.

The first inlet (5) of the gasifying agent is preferably positioned in a vertical position, so that it projects a jet of the gasifying agent in a vertical and downward direction.

According to one embodiment of the gasification system, the system also comprises a burner (6) inside the gasification tank (1), at the first inlet (5) of gasifying agent; according to said embodiment, said burner (6) burns at least part of the gases that make up the gasifying agent, thereby raising the temperature of the gasifying agent and, finally, the temperature of the liquid substrate.

On the other hand, according to a preferred embodiment of the gasification system, both the injection pipe (3), in its inner section to the gasification tank (1), and the regulation valve (2) of the liquid substrate, are arranged in a position that allows them to project the sprayed liquid substrate inside the flow of the gasifying agent into the gasification tank (1).

According to a possible embodiment of the gasification system of a liquid substrate, the system comprises a second inlet (7) of gasifying agent inside the gasification tank (1), wherein said second inlet (7) of gasifying agent is located below the injection pipe (3) of the liquid substrate.

According to a preferred embodiment of the gasification system of a liquid substrate, the gasification tank (1) comprises a bottom (8) connected with a collection pipe (9), through which both the fuel gas obtained and the flow product of the gasification process, like any possible solid waste that may have been generated during the gasification process, or will bring with it the liquid substrate upon entering the gasification tank (1).

Said collection pipe (9) connects with a separation device (10), for separation of the fuel gas obtained as a product of the process of gasification of ashes and / or other solid waste, where the separation device (10) connects on its part superior with a

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conduction pipe (11) of the fuel gas obtained as a product of the process, connecting at the bottom with an ashtray tank (12), for collecting possible solid waste, either generated during the gasification process, or dragged along with the substrate liquid at the entrance of this in the gasification tank (1).

According to a possible form of realization of the gasification system, the separation device (10) comprises a cyclone, for separation of ashes and / or other solid residues of the combustible gas obtained as a product of the gasification process.

According to a preferred embodiment of the gasification system, the conduction pipe (11) in turn connects with a gas filter (13), to separate possible unwanted gases, which circulate along with the fuel gas stream, ace! as possible solid waste, carried along with the fuel gas stream obtained as a product of the gasification process.

At its exit from the gas filter (13), the conduction pipe (11) in turn connects with a fuel gas storage tank, either with a fuel gas washing system, or with a use system of said combustible gas, which can be used using the combustible gas to obtain electrical, mechanical or thermal energy.

The gasification system of a liquid substrate comprises, according to a preferred embodiment thereof, at least one temperature probe (14), located inside the gasification tank (1).

According to a preferred embodiment, the gasification system comprises at least three temperature probes (14), located at different heights inside the gasification tank (1).

The system also comprises, according to a preferred embodiment, at least one measuring probe (15) of the amount of oxygen (also called "lambda probe") contained in the gasifying agent.

Also, according to a preferred embodiment of the gasification system, the system comprises at least one servomotor (16), connected to a regulation valve (2).

According to a form of realization of the gasification system, the system comprises at least a first heat exchanger (17), with which it connects the conduction pipe (11), to take advantage of the thermal energy contained in the fuel gas obtained as a product of the process. Said thermal energy can be used to preheat the liquid substrate and / or the gasifying agent, prior to its introduction into the gasification tank (1).

As mentioned above, the present disclosure also refers to a method of gasification of a liquid substrate.

Figure 2 shows a schematic flow chart with the different phases that make up the gasification method of a liquid substrate, according to a form of realization of said method. These phases are listed below:

- preheating gasifying agent (21);

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- introducing (22) gasifying agent into a gasification tank (1);

- pressurize (24) illiquid substrate;

- precantarr illiquid substrate (23);

- inject (25) liquid substrate into the gasification tank (1);

- regulate the temperature of the gasifying agent and the pressure of the illiquid substrate to evaporate (26) the illiquid fraction of the illiquid substrate;

- regulate the amount of oxygen and the temperature of the gasifying agent to gasify (27) the particles of combustion solidified from the illiquid substrate;

- separate (28) ash and / or solid waste from the combustible gas obtained as a product of the gasification;

- circulating (29) the combustible gas obtained as a product of the gasification, by a first heat exchanger (17), to take advantage of the thermal energy of the combustible gas.

According to a preferred reaction method of the gasification method, the method comprises pressurizing a mixture of illiquid substrate comprising a certain amount of combustion particles dissolved or suspended.

Also, according to a preferred method of reaction of the method, the method comprises pre-treating the mixture of liquid substrate. The preheating is preferably produced by a heat exchanger, preferably of a tubular type, and preferably starting from the gasification process, which is recovered from the gases obtained as products of the process.

Pressurization of the illiquid substrate preferably comprises the pressure of said illiquid substrate to a pressure equal to or greater than the evaporation pressure of the illiquid fraction comprised in the liquid substrate at the pre-settling temperature.

The gasification method comprises, according to a preferred reaction form thereof, introducing a stream of a gasifying agent into a gasification tank (1).

According to a way of reacting the gasification method, said gasifying agent comprises combustion gases, either from external combustion processes, or from combustion in a burner (6) of part of the gas (synthesis gas or "Syngas" ) obtained as a product of the gasification process.

Preferably, the gasifying agent has a temperature greater than 400 ° C, in the upper part of the gasification tank (1). In this way the evaporation of the illiquid fraction of the illiquid substrate is achieved.

According to a way of reacting the gasification method, the one contributed with the gasifying agent and the one generated in the gasification process itself with the amount of oxygen contributed with the gasifying agent to obtain a gasification temperature was regulated.

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between 700 ° C and 1,400 ° C. In this way the pyrolysis of the solid fraction of the liquid substrate is achieved. By means of the corresponding thermochemical reactions, the gasification of the solid particles contained in the liquid substrate occurs, and dispersed after evaporation of the liquid fraction of the liquid substrate.

Preferably, said gasification temperature is regulated in the range between 1,000 ° C and 1,200 ° C, in order to avoid the appearance of char and tar, which takes place mainly at temperatures below said range, and also to prevent the smelting of ashes dragged with the liquid substrate (ash that initially accompanies the BWF fuel particles), a foundry that takes place mainly at temperatures above that range.

To control the temperature of the gasification process, a second contribution of said gasifying agent is produced, through a second inlet (7) of gasifying agent that provides additional oxygen, inside a gasification tank (1).

The gasifying agent comprises a variable amount of air and / or pure oxygen. In the event that the gasifying agent is mixed with gases from a combustion process (eg from the combustion of the gas generated as a product of the gasification process), said gasifying agent may also comprise any combination of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The gasifying agent also comprises water vapor, which is generated by evaporating the liquid fraction of the liquid substrate. Additionally, the gasifying agent may comprise mixtures of other gases.

The gasifying agent preferably comprises an excess of oxygen to provide the stoichiometric amount necessary for the gasification reactions of the liquid substrate.

According to a form of realization of the gasification method, the gasifying agent can comprise combustion products from part of the gas obtained as a product of the gasification process, combustion that can be produced in a burner (6), helping to raise it, by means of heat generated in said combustion, the temperature of the gasifying agent and, finally, the temperature of the liquid substrate.

According to a preferred embodiment of the gasification method, said method comprises introducing the preheated liquid substrate mixture into a stream of gasifying agent.

The gasification method also comprises, according to a preferred embodiment thereof, spraying, in small drops, said liquid substrate within the stream of gasifying agent, where the gasifying agent is at a temperature sufficient to produce the evaporation of the liquid fraction of the liquid substrate and the gasification of the solid particles of the liquid substrate.

Due to the conditions of temperature and oxygen content in the gasifying agent, a pyrolysis process is initiated that breaks down the small solid particles provided in the liquid substrate, and leads to a gasification process. If the gasification temperature is not high enough, char and tar can be formed as by-products of the gasification. By supplying air and / or pure oxygen in a first inlet (5) and / or in a second inlet (7) of gasifying agent inside a gasification tank (1), the gasification temperature can be raised to the level required to avoid the formation of char and / or tar. In the case of complete gasification, at the end of the process of

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gasification only remains as residual solids, and a synthesis gas composed mainly of H, CO, CO2, H2O, N and other components that have been supplied with the gasifying agent or that could have been produced during thermochemical reactions.

According to a preferred embodiment of the gasification method, the method comprises introducing the preheated, pressurized and pulverized mixture of liquid substrate into the gasification tank (1) into which the preheated gasifying agent is introduced into a jet of the gasifying agent.

The method comprises, according to a preferred embodiment thereof, precipitating the liquid substrate within the gasifying agent, so that during the precipitation of the liquid substrate drops, the thermochemical reactions of the gasification of said liquid substrate.

When the liquid substrate passes through the regulation valve (2), there is a sharp drop in the pressure of said liquid substrate, when it comes into contact with the interior environment of the gasification tank (1).

Said pressure drop, together with the heat input in the injection pipe (3) causes the evaporation of a part of the liquid fraction (mainly water) that forms the liquid substrate drops.

When the fine drops of liquid substrate are heated in their precipitation within the gasifying agent, the entire remaining liquid fraction of said drops of liquid substrate is finally evaporated, leaving only the solid fuel particles initially contained in the liquid substrate.

The water vapor generated then becomes part of the gasifying agent. The gasification process also causes a certain amount of hydrogen to be generated from said water vapor.

The evaporation of all the liquid, together with the fact that it is embedded within the gasifying agent, facilitates the dispersion of the solid fuel particles within said gasifying agent, thereby avoiding fuel agglomerations, contributing to a better gasification of the whole substrate, and avoiding the formation of solid final by-products of the process.

The solid particles, in their precipitation within the hot gasifying agent, undergo various thermochemical reactions, passing through intermediate solid products until finally a synthesis gas or "syngas" is obtained as a product of the gasification process, said synthesis gas comprising, among other gases, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane and a certain amount of water vapor.

The inorganic content of the solid particles of the substrate (Fe, Ca, K, among others, contained in the ashes entrained in the BWF) catalyzes the thermochemical reactions of gasification (facilitating the cracking of carbon chains) and, finally, It reacts with the char that inevitably occurs in gasification (although in less quantity than in conventional gasification, thanks to the use of liquid substrate and its dispersion in the gasifying agent) forming ashes by-products that precipitate and are extracted from the gasification tank (one).

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According to a form of realization of the gasification method, said ashes can be extracted by passing the gas stream obtained as a product of the gasification process (synthetic gas) through a static particle filter or by some type of separation device (10) , such as a cyclone.

The gas stream obtained as a product of the process is passed, according to a mode of realization of the gasification method, through a first heat exchanger (17), to take advantage of the thermal energy of said gas.

The heat extracted, by means of the first heat exchanger (17), of the gas stream obtained as a product of the process, can be used, for example, for the preheating of the liquid substrate and / or the gasifying agent used in the gasification process , thereby improving the energy balance of the process.

If the temperature of the gas obtained as a product of the gasification process is not high enough to take advantage of it in the preheating of the liquid substrate and / or the gasifying agent, the thermal energy of said gas obtained as a product of the gasification process can be used for another type of processes that do not require such a high temperature level (eg for use in heating systems).

Finally, according to a form of realization of the gasification method of a liquid substrate, the gas obtained as a product of the process is subjected to a washing process, to eliminate possible unwanted solid and / or gaseous residues, finally obtaining a current of gas (synthetic gas or "syngas") product of the gasification process, whose internal energy is usable in other processes to obtain electrical, mechanical or thermal energy.

According to a preferred embodiment of the gasification method, the method comprises measuring the amount of oxygen contained in the jet of gasifying agent. Said measurement can be made at different points along the gasification tank (1). Said measurement is preferably carried out at least one point located before the injection of the liquid substrate into the gasification tank (1).

In this way, the amount of gasifying agent that is necessary to introduce into the gasification tank (1) can be controlled in order for the complete gasification of the substrate to occur. More specifically, the oxygen concentration that the gasifying agent must have can be controlled in this way, increasing or reducing said oxygen concentration in the gasifying agent according to the needs of the gasification process.

The gasification method preferably comprises introducing the gasifying agent into the gasification tank (1), at a point of said gasification tank (1) located above the inlet of the liquid sprayed substrate in the gasification tank (1) .

The method of gasification also comprises, according to a form of realization thereof, introducing a gasifying agent at least two different points along the gasification tank (1).

According to said embodiment mentioned in the previous paragraph, a gasifying agent is introduced at least one point of the gasification tank (1) located above the

input of the pulverized liquid substrate, and at least one point of the gasification tank (1) located below the liquid substrate input in said gasification tank (1).

The gasification method comprises, according to one embodiment thereof, measuring the temperature at least one point inside the gasification tank (1).

According to a preferred embodiment of the gasification method, the method comprises measuring the temperature at least three points inside the gasification tank (1), located at different heights along the gasification tank (1).

10

Depending on the temperature measured inside the gasification tank (1), the amount of gasifying agent to be supplied, and the concentration of oxygen in the gasifying agent, is also controlled.

fifteen

Claims (21)

5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 35 40 Four. Five fifty 1. Gasification system of an illiquid substrate comprising a gasification tank (1), characterized in that it additionally comprises: - pumping means of an illiquid substrate in the gasification tank (1), wherein said illiquid substrate comprises an illiquid fraction and solid fuel particles dissolved and / or suspended in said illiquid fraction; - an injection pipe (3), connected to the gasification tank (1), for injection of an illiquid substrate into the gasification tank (1); - a regulation vault (2), positioned in the injection pipe (3); - a first inlet (5) of gasifying agent inside the gasification tank (1), said first inlet (5) comprising a burner (6) where at least a part of the gases that make up said gasifying agent is burned; - a conduction pipe (11) of combustible gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the illiquid substrate. 2. Gasification system of an illiquid substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that the injection pipe (3) flows into a point of the gasification tank (1) where the temperature of the gasifying agent is such that it produces total or partial evaporation of the illiquid fraction of the illiquid substrate. 3. Gasification system of an illiquid substrate according to claim 2, characterized in that the temperature of the gasifying agent at the point where the injection pipe (3) of the illiquid substrate flows into the gasification tank (1) is substantially equal or higher at 400 ° C. 4. Gasification system of an illiquid substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a second inlet (7) of gasifying agent inside the gasification tank (1). 5. Gasification system of an illiquid substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that the gasification tank (1) comprises: - a bottom (8) connected to a collection pipe (9), for circulation of both the fuel gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the illiquid substrate, and of solid waste generated during the gasification process; - a separation device (10) connected to both the collection pipe (9) and the conduction pipe (11), where said separation device (10) is connected, at the bottom, with an ashtray tank (12 ). 6. Gasification system of an illiquid substrate according to claim 5, characterized in that the separation device (10) comprises a cyclone. 7. Gasification system of an illiquid substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that the conduit pipe (11) is connected to a gas filter (13) of 5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 35 40 Four. Five fifty separation of unwanted gases and / or solid waste, from the combustible gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate. 8. Gasification system of a liquid substrate according to revindication 1, characterized in that the conduction pipe (11) connects to a fuel gas washing system obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate. 9. Gasification system of a liquid substrate according to revindication 1, characterized in that the conduction pipe (11) connects with a first heat exchanger (17), for the use of thermal energy comprised in the combustible gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate. 10. Gasification system of a liquid substrate according to revindication 1, characterized in that it comprises at least one temperature probe (14), located inside the gasification tank (1). 11. Gasification system of a liquid substrate according to revindication 1, characterized in that it comprises at least one measuring probe (15), located inside the gasification tank (1), measuring the amount of oxygen contained in the gasifying agent 12. Method of gasification of a liquid substrate characterized by comprising: - introducing a certain amount of liquid substrate, comprising dissolved and / or suspended solid fuel particles, within a stream of gasifying agent, wherein said gasifying agent comprises any combination of at least the following constituents: or air; or oxygen; or water vapor; or carbon dioxide; o hot gases from external combustion processes; o combustible gases; - raising the temperature of the liquid substrate until evaporation of the liquid part of the liquid substrate occurs; - gasify the solid fuel particles of the liquid substrate; - collect fuel gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate; wherein the method comprises heating the gasifying agent, wherein said heating comprises at least the following steps: 5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 35 40 Four. Five fifty - a first stage consisting of heating the gasifying agent to a temperature substantially equal to or greater than 400 ° C, prior to the introduction into the gasifying agent of a certain amount of liquid substrate; - a second stage consisting of heating the gasifying agent at a temperature between 700 ° C and 1,400 ° C. 13. Method of gasification of a liquid substrate according to claim 12, characterized in that it comprises: - pressurize the liquid substrate, prior to its introduction into a stream of gasifying agent, to a pressure equal to or greater than the evaporation pressure, at a certain temperature, of the liquid fraction comprised in the liquid substrate; - preheat the liquid substrate, prior to its introduction, into a stream of gasifying agent; - spray the liquid substrate into small drops of liquid substrate, injecting them into the stream of gasifying agent. 14. Method of gasification of a liquid substrate according to claim 12, characterized in that in the second stage of heating of the gasifying agent, said gasifying agent is heated to a temperature between 1,000 ° C and 1,200 ° C. 15. Method of gasification of a liquid substrate according to claim 12, characterized in that it comprises burning at least a part of the constituents of the gasifying agent prior to the introduction of the liquid substrate into the gasifying agent. 16. Method of gasification of a liquid substrate according to claim 12, characterized in that it comprises separating ashes and / or solid residues from the combustible gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate. 17. Method of gasification of a liquid substrate according to claim 12, characterized in that it comprises filtering the fuel gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate. 18. Method of gasification of a liquid substrate according to claim 12, characterized in that it comprises circulating the fuel gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate by a first heat exchanger (17), for use of the thermal energy included in the fuel gas for other processes. 19. Method of gasification of a liquid substrate according to claim 12, characterized in that it comprises: - measuring the temperature of the gasifying agent during the gasification of said liquid substrate, at least once and in at least one point in an area where the gasifying agent and the liquid substrate are mixed. 5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 35 40 Four. Five - regulate the temperature and / or the amount of oxygen contained in the gasifying agent as a function of the measured temperature of the gasifying agent. 20. Method of gasification of a liquid substrate according to claim 12, characterized in that it comprises: - preheating gasifying agent (21); - introducing (22) a stream of gasifying agent into a gasification tank (1), through a first inlet (5) of gasifying agent;
- pressurize (23) the liquid substrate at a pressure equal to or greater than the pressure of
vapor of the liquid fraction of the liquid substrate at a temperature of preheating of the liquid substrate; - preheating a liquid substrate (24) comprising dissolved and / or suspended solid fuel particles;
- inject (25), into the gasification tank (1) and through a pipe injection (3), the liquid substrate within the stream of gasifying agent, where the liquid substrate is sprayed into small droplets that are dispersed in the stream of gasifying agent; - regulate the temperature of the gasifying agent and the pressurization of the liquid substrate to evaporate (26) the liquid fraction of the liquid substrate due to a temperature rise and a pressure drop of the liquid substrate; - regulate the temperature and the amount of oxygen of the gasifying agent, to gasify (27) the solid fuel particles of the liquid substrate by thermochemical reaction with the gasifying agent; - collect, in a collection pipe (9) connected to a bottom (8) of the gasification tank (1), combustible gas resulting from the gasification of the liquid substrate, together with ashes and / or solid waste; - separating (28), in a separation device (10), ashes and / or solid waste from the combustible gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate; - circulate (29) the combustible gas obtained as a product of the gasification of the liquid substrate, by a first heat exchanger (17), for the use of the thermal energy of the combustible gas. 21. Method of gasification of a liquid substrate according to claim 20, characterized in that it comprises introducing gasifying agent into the gasification tank (1), through a second inlet (7) of gasifying agent, located below the nozzle of injection (3).