ES2693221T3 - Capa despegable - Google Patents
Capa despegable Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2693221T3 ES2693221T3 ES16193363.5T ES16193363T ES2693221T3 ES 2693221 T3 ES2693221 T3 ES 2693221T3 ES 16193363 T ES16193363 T ES 16193363T ES 2693221 T3 ES2693221 T3 ES 2693221T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- resin
- release layer
- rich
- layer according
- epoxy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C37/00—Component parts, details, accessories or auxiliary operations, not covered by group B29C33/00 or B29C35/00
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C37/00—Component parts, details, accessories or auxiliary operations, not covered by group B29C33/00 or B29C35/00
- B29C37/0067—Using separating agents during or after moulding; Applying separating agents on preforms or articles, e.g. to prevent sticking to each other
- B29C37/0075—Using separating agents during or after moulding; Applying separating agents on preforms or articles, e.g. to prevent sticking to each other using release sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
- B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/4865—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding containing additives
- B29C65/487—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding containing additives characterised by their shape, e.g. being fibres or being spherical
- B29C65/4875—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding containing additives characterised by their shape, e.g. being fibres or being spherical being spherical, e.g. particles or powders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
- B29C65/5057—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like positioned between the surfaces to be joined
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/82—Testing the joint
- B29C65/8207—Testing the joint by mechanical methods
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/82—Testing the joint
- B29C65/8207—Testing the joint by mechanical methods
- B29C65/8223—Peel tests
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
- B29C66/022—Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping
- B29C66/0224—Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping with removal of material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
- B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/45—Joining of substantially the whole surface of the articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
- B29C66/7214—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
- B29C66/72141—Fibres of continuous length
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7316—Surface properties
- B29C66/73161—Roughness or rugosity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
- B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
- B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
- B29C66/9192—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams
- B29C66/91921—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature
- B29C66/91941—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature in explicit relation to Tg, i.e. the glass transition temperature, of the material of one of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/91943—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. temperature diagrams in explicit relation to another temperature, e.g. to the softening temperature or softening point, to the thermal degradation temperature or to the ambient temperature in explicit relation to Tg, i.e. the glass transition temperature, of the material of one of the parts to be joined higher than said glass transition temperature
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/38—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising epoxy resins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/02—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by a sequence of laminating steps, e.g. by adding new layers at consecutive laminating stations
- B32B37/025—Transfer laminating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/12—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
- B32B37/16—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/024—Woven fabric
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G59/00—Polycondensates containing more than one epoxy group per molecule; Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups
- C08G59/18—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing
- C08G59/20—Macromolecules obtained by polymerising compounds containing more than one epoxy group per molecule using curing agents or catalysts which react with the epoxy groups ; e.g. general methods of curing characterised by the epoxy compounds used
- C08G59/32—Epoxy compounds containing three or more epoxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/12—Bonding of a preformed macromolecular material to the same or other solid material such as metal, glass, leather, e.g. using adhesives
- C08J5/124—Bonding of a preformed macromolecular material to the same or other solid material such as metal, glass, leather, e.g. using adhesives using adhesives based on a macromolecular component
- C08J5/128—Adhesives without diluent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
- C08J5/241—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using inorganic fibres
- C08J5/244—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using inorganic fibres using glass fibres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
- C08J5/246—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using polymer based synthetic fibres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
- C08J5/249—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs characterised by the additives used in the prepolymer mixture
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/22—Expanded, porous or hollow particles
- C08K7/24—Expanded, porous or hollow particles inorganic
- C08K7/26—Silicon- containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/20—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes for coatings strippable as coherent films, e.g. temporary coatings strippable as coherent films
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/20—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
- C09J7/21—Paper; Textile fabrics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/30—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by the adhesive composition
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F21/60—Protecting data
- G06F21/62—Protecting access to data via a platform, e.g. using keys or access control rules
- G06F21/6218—Protecting access to data via a platform, e.g. using keys or access control rules to a system of files or objects, e.g. local or distributed file system or database
- G06F21/6245—Protecting personal data, e.g. for financial or medical purposes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F21/60—Protecting data
- G06F21/62—Protecting access to data via a platform, e.g. using keys or access control rules
- G06F21/629—Protecting access to data via a platform, e.g. using keys or access control rules to features or functions of an application
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
- G06F3/0481—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] based on specific properties of the displayed interaction object or a metaphor-based environment, e.g. interaction with desktop elements like windows or icons, or assisted by a cursor's changing behaviour or appearance
- G06F3/0482—Interaction with lists of selectable items, e.g. menus
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
- G06F3/0484—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] for the control of specific functions or operations, e.g. selecting or manipulating an object, an image or a displayed text element, setting a parameter value or selecting a range
- G06F3/04842—Selection of displayed objects or displayed text elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
- G06F9/445—Program loading or initiating
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
- G06F9/455—Emulation; Interpretation; Software simulation, e.g. virtualisation or emulation of application or operating system execution engines
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
- G06F9/455—Emulation; Interpretation; Software simulation, e.g. virtualisation or emulation of application or operating system execution engines
- G06F9/45504—Abstract machines for programme code execution, e.g. Java virtual machine [JVM], interpreters, emulators
- G06F9/45529—Embedded in an application, e.g. JavaScript in a Web browser
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
- G06F9/455—Emulation; Interpretation; Software simulation, e.g. virtualisation or emulation of application or operating system execution engines
- G06F9/45533—Hypervisors; Virtual machine monitors
- G06F9/45558—Hypervisor-specific management and integration aspects
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/08—Configuration management of networks or network elements
- H04L41/085—Retrieval of network configuration; Tracking network configuration history
- H04L41/0853—Retrieval of network configuration; Tracking network configuration history by actively collecting configuration information or by backing up configuration information
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/02—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for separating internal from external traffic, e.g. firewalls
- H04L63/0272—Virtual private networks
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/10—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for controlling access to devices or network resources
- H04L63/102—Entity profiles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/10—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for controlling access to devices or network resources
- H04L63/105—Multiple levels of security
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/10—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for controlling access to devices or network resources
- H04L63/108—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for controlling access to devices or network resources when the policy decisions are valid for a limited amount of time
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/20—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for managing network security; network security policies in general
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/34—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications involving the movement of software or configuration parameters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
- H04M1/72—Mobile telephones; Cordless telephones, i.e. devices for establishing wireless links to base stations without route selection
- H04M1/724—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones
- H04M1/72403—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones with means for local support of applications that increase the functionality
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
- H04M1/72—Mobile telephones; Cordless telephones, i.e. devices for establishing wireless links to base stations without route selection
- H04M1/724—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones
- H04M1/72469—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones for operating the device by selecting functions from two or more displayed items, e.g. menus or icons
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/06—Authentication
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/08—Access security
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/30—Security of mobile devices; Security of mobile applications
- H04W12/37—Managing security policies for mobile devices or for controlling mobile applications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/50—Service provisioning or reconfiguring
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/60—Subscription-based services using application servers or record carriers, e.g. SIM application toolkits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W68/00—User notification, e.g. alerting and paging, for incoming communication, change of service or the like
- H04W68/12—Inter-network notification
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W76/00—Connection management
- H04W76/10—Connection setup
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W8/00—Network data management
- H04W8/22—Processing or transfer of terminal data, e.g. status or physical capabilities
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
- B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
- B29C65/4835—Heat curing adhesives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
- B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
- B29C65/4845—Radiation curing adhesives, e.g. UV light curing adhesives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
- B29C65/5007—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like
- B29C65/5021—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like being multi-layered
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/50—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like
- B29C65/5007—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like
- B29C65/5028—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding using adhesive tape, e.g. thermoplastic tape; using threads or the like characterised by the structure of said adhesive tape, threads or the like being textile in woven or non-woven form
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/76—Making non-permanent or releasable joints
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/82—Testing the joint
- B29C65/8253—Testing the joint by the use of waves or particle radiation, e.g. visual examination, scanning electron microscopy, or X-rays
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
- B29C66/022—Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping
- B29C66/0224—Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping with removal of material
- B29C66/02245—Abrading, e.g. grinding, sanding, sandblasting or scraping
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/303—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect
- B29C66/3032—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/30321—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined making use of protrusions belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/30322—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined making use of protrusions belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined in the form of rugosity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
- B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/731—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7311—Thermal properties
- B29C66/73117—Tg, i.e. glass transition temperature
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7375—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
- B29C66/73751—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being uncured, i.e. non cross-linked, non vulcanized
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7375—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
- B29C66/73755—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being fully cured, i.e. fully cross-linked, fully vulcanized
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7375—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
- B29C66/73755—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being fully cured, i.e. fully cross-linked, fully vulcanized
- B29C66/73756—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being fully cured, i.e. fully cross-linked, fully vulcanized the to-be-joined areas of both parts to be joined being fully cured
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7394—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2063/00—Use of EP, i.e. epoxy resins or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
- B29L2031/3076—Aircrafts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/12—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
- B32B2037/1253—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives curable adhesive
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2363/00—Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins
- C08J2363/04—Epoxynovolacs
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2367/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J163/00—Adhesives based on epoxy resins; Adhesives based on derivatives of epoxy resins
- C09J163/04—Epoxynovolacs
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2463/00—Presence of epoxy resin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2467/00—Presence of polyester
- C09J2467/006—Presence of polyester in the substrate
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
- G06F9/455—Emulation; Interpretation; Software simulation, e.g. virtualisation or emulation of application or operating system execution engines
- G06F9/45533—Hypervisors; Virtual machine monitors
- G06F9/45558—Hypervisor-specific management and integration aspects
- G06F2009/45587—Isolation or security of virtual machine instances
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
- G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
- G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
- G06F9/455—Emulation; Interpretation; Software simulation, e.g. virtualisation or emulation of application or operating system execution engines
- G06F9/45533—Hypervisors; Virtual machine monitors
- G06F9/45558—Hypervisor-specific management and integration aspects
- G06F2009/45595—Network integration; Enabling network access in virtual machine instances
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/14—Layer or component removable to expose adhesive
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Software Systems (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Computing Systems (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Bioethics (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Epoxy Resins (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
- Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
Una capa despegable rica en resina que comprende una tela tejida impregnada de una matriz de resina curada, en la que dicha matriz de resina se forma a partir de una composición de resina que comprende: al menos una resina novolaca epoxidada que tiene una funcionalidad epoxi de al menos 2; una resina epoxi difuncional seleccionada entre diglicidil éteres de fenoles polihidroxilados; una resina epoxi trifuncional seleccionada entre triglicidil éteres de aminofenoles; un agente de curado; y partículas de carga inorgánicas; en la que dicha capa despegable rica en resina tiene un contenido de resina de al menos un 20 % en peso basado en el peso total de la capa despegable, y en la que dicha tela tejida comprende una pluralidad de hilos tejidos en un diseño de tejido, teniendo dichos hilos una resistencia a la tracción de la urdimbre de >= 1,23 x 104 N/m; una resistencia a la tracción de la trama de >= 7,00 x 103 N/m, una densidad lineal de masa de la urdimbre en el intervalo de 5,56-27,78 Tex, y una densidad lineal de masa de la trama de 5,56-27,78 Tex.
Description
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
DESCRIPCION
Capa despegable Antecedentes
La presente divulgacion se refiere en general a capas despegables para la preparacion de superficies de sustratos de material compuesto, mas particularmente, de sustratos de material compuesto basados en resina, antes de la union.
El lijado a mano, el granallado y la retirada de capas desplegables son metodos convencionales para preparar superficies de sustratos de material compuesto basados en resina para la union adhesiva en la industria aeroespacial. La union adhesiva por retirada de una capa despegable es la mas comun de las tres tecnicas ya que ahorra una cantidad significativa de trabajo y crea una superficie mas uniformemente tratada. La retirada de capas desplegables implica habitualmente la aplicacion de un material de tela seca y texturizada sobre la superficie de union del sustrato de material compuesto basado en resina, seguida de un curado. Despues del curado, la capa despegable es retirada, es decir, es despegada, para revelar una superficie de union rugosa o texturizada. Sin embargo, las capas despegables secas tienden a dejar fibras residuales rotas sobre la superficie de union tras el despegado. Esto conduce a caractensticas deficientes de la union adhesiva ya que las fibras residuales pueden actuar como defectos que impiden que el adhesivo humedezca completamente la superficie de union del sustrato de material compuesto, conllevando de ese modo un fallo adhesivo. La experiencia general en la industria ha sido que el procedimiento de capas despegables carece de fiabilidad y predictibilidad con respecto al comportamiento de la union. La publicacion EP 1 674 A1 divulga un preimpregnado que comprende una resina epoxi.
Sumario
La presente divulgacion proporciona una capa despegable rica en resina de acuerdo con la reivindicacion 1 que no deja fibras residuales tras el despegado y que puede funcionar bien con diferentes sustratos de material compuesto basados en resina. La capa despegable rica en resina esta compuesta de una tela tejida impregnada con una matriz de resina distinta de la matriz de resina del sustrato de material compuesto. La capa despegable esta disenada de tal manera que, despues de la retirada manual de la capa despegable de la superficie del sustrato de material compuesto, quede una fina pelfcula de resina de la capa despegable sobre la superficie del sustrato de material compuesto a fin de crear una superficie adherible, pero que no quede material fibroso de la tela tejida sobre la misma superficie. Esta capa despegable rica en resina es capaz de modificar la superficie de diversos materiales compuestos para una union fiable con una variedad de adhesivos. Por tanto, podna ser considerada una capa despegable "universal".
La presente divulgacion proporciona tambien un metodo, que no forma parte de la invencion reivindicada, de preparacion de una superficie para la union de un material compuesto usando la capa despegable comentada previamente. Se divulga tambien un metodo, que no forma parte de la invencion reivindicada, de formacion de una estructura de material compuesto unida que incluye: aplicar una capa despegable sobre una superficie de un primer sustrato de material compuesto formado por resina reforzada con fibra; curar conjuntamente la capa despegable y el primer sustrato de material compuesto; retirar la capa despegable del primer sustrato de material compuesto dejando una capa fina de resina de la capa despegable sobre la superficie del sustrato de material compuesto; aplicar una pelfcula adhesiva sobre al menos una de las siguientes: una superficie modificada del primer sustrato de material compuesto y una superficie de un segundo sustrato de material compuesto; poner en contacto la superficie modificada del primer sustrato de material compuesto con una superficie del segundo sustrato de material compuesto con la pelfcula adhesiva entre ellos; y curar para unir los sustratos.
Breve descripcion de las figuras
La FIG. 1 muestra esquematicamente el mecanismo de funcionamiento de la capa despegable rica en resina de acuerdo con la presente divulgacion.
La FIG. 2 muestra la lmea de fractura que se produce cuando se retira la capa despegable de un sustrato de material compuesto.
La FIG. 3 es una imagen de un microscopio electronico de barrido (SEM) de una tela de poliester ilustrativa que se puede usar para la capa despegable rica en resina.
La FIG. 4 es una imagen de un microscopio electronico de barrido (SEM) de una tela de vidrio ilustrativa que se puede usar para la capa despegable rica en resina.
La FIG. 5 es una imagen de un microscopio electronico de barrido (SEM) de una superficie tratada despues de haber retirado la capa despegable.
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
La FIG. 6 muestra los datos de tenacidad a la fractura (Gic) para varios preimpregnados unidos adhesivamente en un ejemplo.
Las FIGS. 7A y 7B son imagenes de un microscopio optico que muestran la condicion de fallo cohesivo de los preimpregnados unidos conjuntamente despues del ensayo de tenacidad a la fractura (Gic) de acuerdo con un ejemplo.
Descripcion detallada
Se ha descubierto que se puede conseguir una ventaja al tratar un sustrato de material compuesto de resina reforzada con fibra con una capa despegable rica en resina para modificar la superficie del sustrato de material compuesto tratado de forma que se facilite y promueva una union mas fuerte y mas duradera entre la estructura de material compuesto tratada superficialmente y un segundo sustrato de material compuesto. La superficie del sustrato de material compuesto es modificada mediante una fina pelfcula de resina que permanece sobre ella despues de haber despegado la capa despegable rica en resina. El mecanismo de funcionamiento de la capa despegable se ilustra en la FIG. 1. El espesor de la resina que permanece despues de haber retirado la capa despegable es de aproximadamente un 2 % - 15 % del espesor original de la capa despegable antes de su despegado. Esta capa de resina de la capa despegable que permanece proporciona una capa superficial uniforme para la union adhesiva, incluyendo la union conjunta y la union secundaria. La union conjunta en la industria de la union de materiales compuestos significa unir un preimpregnado curado con un preimpregnado no curado usando un adhesivo. La union secundaria significa unir un preimpregnado curado con otro preimpregnado curado usando un adhesivo. La reologfa y la cinetica de curado de la resina de la capa despegable se controlan para minimizar el entremezclado entre la resina de la capa despegable y la resina del sustrato de material compuesto durante el curado, en el que la formulacion de la resina de la capa despegable tiene una cinetica de curado sustancialmente mas rapida que la formulacion de la resina del sustrato de material compuesto. Puesto que la capa despegable rica en resina se puede usar con varios sustratos de material compuesto de resina reforzada con fibra, esta puede ser considerada una capa despegable "universal".
Los sustratos de material compuesto de resina reforzada con fibra comentados en el presente documento incluyen preimpregnados o laminados preimpregnados utilizados convencionalmente en la fabricacion de piezas estructurales aeroespaciales. El termino "preimpregnado", tal como se usa en el presente documento, se refiere a una hoja o lamina de fibras que ha sido impregnada con una resina matricial. La resina matricial puede estar presente en un estado no curado o parcialmente curado. El termino "laminado preimpregnado", tal como se usa en el presente documento, se refiere a una pluralidad de capas de preimpregnados que estan colocados adyacentes entre sf en un apilamiento. Las capas de preimpregnados dentro del laminado pueden estar situadas en una orientacion seleccionada unas respecto a las otras. Por ejemplo, los laminados preimpregnados pueden comprender capas de preimpregnados que tienen arquitecturas de fibras unidireccionales, con las fibras orientadas a 0°, 90°, un angulo 0 seleccionado, y combinaciones de las mismas, con respecto a la dimension mayor del laminado, tal como su longitud. Debe entenderse ademas que, en determinadas realizaciones, los preimpregnados pueden tener cualquier combinacion de arquitecturas de fibras, tales como unidireccionales y multidimensionales.
La capa despegable rica en resina de la presente divulgacion esta compuesta de una tela tejida impregnada de una matriz de resina, y tiene un contenido de resina de al menos un 20 % en peso basado en el peso total de la capa despegable, dependiendo del tipo espedfico de tela tejida que es impregnada. En determinadas realizaciones, el contenido de resina esta en el intervalo del 20 %-50 %. La formulacion de la resina y la construccion de la tela se seleccionan de tal manera que no queden fibras rotas sobre la superficie del sustrato de material compuesto despues de haber retirado la capa despegable. La lmea de fractura durante el despegado esta dentro de la matriz de resina o en la interfaz fibra-resina, pero no dentro de la tela, tal como se ilustra en la FIG. 2. La capa despegable rica en resina se retira facilmente de la superficie del sustrato de material compuesto despues del curado. Con este fin, presenta una resistencia al despegado no superior a 1,13 Nm por 2,54 cm de ancho (10 pulgada-libra/pulgada de ancho), segun el ensayo de pelado en tambor ASTM D1781.
La tela de la capa despegable rica en resina esta compuesta de una pluralidad de hilos tejidos en un diseno de tejido. Cada hilo esta compuesto de una pluralidad de filamentos fibrosos continuos (fibras individuales) retorcidos conjuntamente. La tela tejida tiene un peso de tela en el intervalo de 50-250 g/m2 (gsm o gramos/m2), preferentemente de 70-220 g/m2 y un espesor en el intervalo de 50-250 pm, preferentemente de 100-200 pm. El espesor es principalmente una funcion del peso y del tipo de fibra, si bien depende tambien del ligamento. El tipo de fibra para la tela tejida se puede seleccionar entre varios materiales sinteticos que incluyen poliesteres (poli(tereftalato de etileno), poli(tereftalato de butileno), poli(tereftalato de trimetileno), poli(acido lactico) y copolfmeros de los mismos), polietileno, polipropileno, nailon, materiales elastomeros tales como LYCRA®; y fibras de alto rendimiento tales como las poliaramidas (por ejemplo, Kevlar), poliimidas, polietilenimina (PEI), polioxazol (por ejemplo, Zylon), polibencimidazol (PBI), polieter eter cetona (PEEK) y vidrio. Los requisitos principales para el material de fibra son: que el material no sea quebradizo y que tenga la resistencia a la traccion requerida. Ademas, las telas pueden tener un acabado termofijado u otros acabados convencionales.
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
El tamano del hilo se puede expresar en terminos de la unidad de densidad lineal de masa, el denier. Un denier es igual al peso en gramos de 9000 metros de hilo. Cuanto menor sea el numero, mas fino sera el hilo. Para un rollo de tela, los hilos que discurren en la direccion del rollo y son continuos para toda la longitud del rollo son los hilos de la urdimbre. Los hilos cortos que discurren transversalmente a la direccion del rollo se denominan hilos de la trama. Para la capa despegable rica en resina, la tela se selecciona basandose en las siguientes caractensticas: hilos de la urdimbre con una densidad lineal de masa en el intervalo de 5,56-27,78 Tex (50-250 denier), preferentemente de 7,78-25,56 Tex (70-230 denier), y los hilos de la trama con una densidad lineal de masa en el intervalo de 5,5627,78 Tex (50-250 denier), preferentemente de 7,78-25,56 Tex (70-230 denier), una resistencia a la traccion de la urdimbre de 1,23 x 104 N/m (70 lbf/pulgada), preferentemente > 1,40 x 104 N/m (80 lbf/pulgada); una resistencia a la traccion de la trama de al menos 7,00 x 103 N/m (40 lbf/pulgada), preferentemente > 8,76 x 103 N/m (50 lbf/pulgada). El diseno del tejido no esta limitado y puede ser ligamento tafetan, ligamento sarga, ligamento panama, ligamento saten y similares. La densidad del tejido no debe ser demasiado alta para la tela basada en polfmero (es decir, un tejido apretado) de modo que diera como resultado una baja impregnacion de resina y una impregnacion incompleta de los hilos.
La FIG. 3 es una imagen de un microscopio electronico de barrido (SEM) de una tela de poliester ilustrativa que se puede usar para la capa despegable rica en resina. Este tejido particular tiene un peso de 110 g/m2 e hilos con una densidad lineal de masa de 13,89 Tex (125 denier). Como puede verse en la FIG. 3, este tipo de tela de poliester no esta tejida apretadamente y contiene pequenas aberturas en el tejido. Cuando la capa despegable que contiene este tipo de tela de poliester es despegada de la superficie de material compuesto, se produce una pelfcula de resina con una superficie rugosa y sin fibras rotas. Dicha superficie rugosa es deseable para la union. Tambien se pueden usar telas tejidas apretadamente, tales como telas de vidrio, para formar la capa despegable rica en resina a fin de crear una rugosidad de la superficie deseable para la union del material compuesto. La FIG. 4 muestra una tela de vidrio ilustrativa que se puede usar para la capa despegable rica en resina. Esta tela de vidrio esta tejida mas apretadamente y es mas gruesa que la tela de poliester mostrada en la FIG. 3; tiene un peso de 205 g/m2 y un espesor de 175 pm.
La matriz de resina de la capa despegable se forma a partir de una composicion de resina curable que incluye: al menos una resina novolaca epoxidada que tiene una funcionalidad epoxi de al menos 2; una resina epoxi difuncional seleccionada entre diglicidil eteres de fenoles polihidroxilados; una resina epoxi trifuncional seleccionada entre triglicidil eteres de aminofenoles; partfculas de carga inorganicas (por ejemplo, sflice pirogena); y un agente de curado. La resina novolaca epoxidada constituye al menos un 40 % en peso basado en el peso total de la composicion, preferentemente un 50-70 % en peso. La resina epoxi difuncional esta presente en una cantidad de un 10-35 %, preferentemente de un 15-25 % en peso, la resina epoxi trifuncional esta presente en una cantidad de un 10-30 %, preferentemente de un 10-20 % en peso, basado en el peso total de la composicion de resina.
Ejemplos de resinas novolaca epoxidadas incluyen las obtenidas por reaccion de fenoles tales como fenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, p-terc-butilfenol, p-nonilfenol, 2,6-xilenol, resorcinol, bisfenol-A, a- y p-naftol, y naftalendiol con aldehfdos tales como acetaldehfdo, formaldefudo, furfural, glioxal y p-hidroxibenzaldefudo en presencia de un catalizador acido.
Resinas novolaca epoxidadas adecuadas incluyen resinas novolaca de epoxi fenol y resinas novolaca de epoxi cresol representadas por la siguiente estructura I:
en la que n es un numero entero de 0 a 8, R = H o CH3. Cuando R = H, la resina es una resina novolaca de fenol. Cuando R = CH3, la resina es una resina novolaca de cresol. Las resinas novolaca de epoxi fenol estan disponibles en el mercado como DEN 428, DEN 431, DEN 438, DEN 439 y DEN 485 de Dow Chemical Co. Las resinas novolacas de epoxi cresol estan disponibles en el mercado como ECN 1235, ECN 1273 y ECN 1299 de Ciba-Geigy Corp.
Otra resina novolaca epoxidada adecuada es una resina novolaca epoxi hidrocarbonada que tiene un esqueleto de diciclopentadieno representado por la siguiente estructura II:
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
en la que n es un numero entero de 0 a 7. Ejemplos comerciales de tales resinas novolaca epoxi hidrocarbonadas incluyen Tactix® 71756, Tactix® 556 y Tactix® 756 de Vantico lnc. En una realizacion, la resina novolaca de estructura I se usa conjuntamente con la resina novolaca que contiene diciclopentadieno de estructura II.
Resinas epoxi difuncionales adecuadas incluyen diglicidil eteres de bisfenol A o de bisfenol F, por ejemplo, Epon® 828 (resina epoxi lfquida), D.E.R. 331, D.E.R. 661 (resina epoxi solida) suministradas por Dow Chemical Co.
Los triglicidil eteres de aminofenoles estan disponibles en el mercado como Araldite® MY 0510, MY 0500, MY 0600, MY 0610 de Huntsman Advanced Materials.
Agentes de curado adecuados para las resinas epoxi en la composicion de resina de la capa despegable incluyen una clase de agentes de curado conocida como acidos de Lewis: trifluoruro de boro (BF3), tricloruro de boro (BCh) y complejos de los mismos, tales como complejos BF3-amina y complejos BCl3-amina. Ejemplos de complejos BF3- amina incluyen BF3-MEA de Ato-Tech, Anchor 1040 (BF3 complejado con bencilamina e isopropilamina) de Air Products, Anchor 1115 (BF3 complejado con un aducto de isopropilamina) de Air Products, y Anchor 1170 (BF3 complejado con clorobencilamina) tambien de Air Products. Ejemplos de complejos de Bch-amina incluyen Omincure® BC-120. Los complejos se producen para proporcionar formas Kquidas o solidas en condiciones de uso normal. Muchos preimpregnados basados en epoxi disponibles en el mercado incluyen agentes de curado basados en amina tales como 3,3'-diaminodifenilsulfona (DOS) y dicianodiamida (DICY), que muestran una cinetica de curado sustancialmente mas lenta que las de una formulacion de resina de la capa despegable que contiene los agentes de curado anteriores, por ejemplo, BF3 lfquido. Como resultado, la formulacion de resina de la capa despegable se puede curar lo bastante rapido como para minimizar el entremezclado con la resina del preimpregnado durante el procedimiento de curado conjunto.
Se anaden cargas inorganicas en forma de partfculas (por ejemplo, en polvo) a la composicion de resina de la capa despegable como un componente modificador de la reologfa a fin de controlar el flujo de la composicion resinosa y evitar la aglomeracion en la misma. Cargas inorganicas adecuadas que se pueden usar en la composicion de la pelfcula superficial incluyen silice pirogena, talco, mica, carbonato calcico y alumina. La cantidad de carga inorganica puede estar en el intervalo del 1-10 % en peso, preferentemente del 1-5 % en peso, basado en el peso total de la composicion de la pelfcula superficial.
En una realizacion, la composicion de resina de la capa despegable puede incluir, en porcentajes en peso basados en el peso total de la composicion de resina: aproximadamente un 45-55 % de resina novolaca de epoxi fenol; aproximadamente un 5-15 % de resina novolaca epoxidada que contiene diciclopentadieno, aproximadamente un 20-30 % de diglicidil eter de bisfenol A; aproximadamente 15-25 % de triglicidil eter de aminofenol; aproximadamente un 5-15 % del agente de curado BF3, y aproximadamente un 1-5 % de carga inorganica.
Ademas, se pueden anadir tambien uno o mas disolventes organicos a la composicion de resina descrita anteriormente, segun sea necesario, para facilitar la mezcla de los componentes. Ejemplos de tales disolventes pueden incluir, si bien no se limitan a los mismos, metil etil cetona (MEK), acetona, dimetilacetamida y N- metilpirrolidona.
La capa despegable rica en resina se puede formar depositando como revestimiento la composicion de resina descrita anteriormente sobre la tela tejida para impregnar completamente los hilos en la tela usando procedimientos convencionales de revestimiento con disolvente o por fusion en caliente. La capa despegable humeda se deja secar despues, si es necesario, para reducir el contenido de volatiles, preferentemente, a menos del 2 % en peso. El secado se puede efectuar mediante secado al aire a temperatura ambiente durante la noche, seguido de un secado en horno a 60 °C-76,67 °C (140 °F-170 °F), o mediante secado en horno a temperatura elevada, segun sea necesario, para reducir el tiempo de secado. Posteriormente, la capa despegable rica en resina seca se puede proteger aplicando papeles antiadhesivos o pelfculas sinteticas desprendibles (por ejemplo pelfculas de poliester) en caras opuestas. Tales papeles antiadhesivos o pelfculas sinteticas se deben retirar antes de usar la capa
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
despegable para la union superficial. La capa despegable secada se aplica sobre una superficie de un sustrato de material compuesto basado en resina no curado (o parcialmente curado), por ejemplo, un preimpregnado basado en epoxi. A continuacion, la capa despegable junto con el sustrato de material compuesto se somete a un curado conjunto. La capa despegable se retira despues para dejar una fina pelfcula de resina sobre el sustrato de material compuesto, formando de este modo una superficie modificada lista para la union adhesiva con otro sustrato de material compuesto.
Para la union conjunta y la union secundaria de dos sustratos de material compuesto, se aplica una pelfcula adhesiva curable sobre al menos una de las siguientes: una superficie modificada de un primer sustrato de material compuesto que ya esta curado y una superficie de un segundo sustrato de material compuesto. La superficie modificada del primer sustrato de material compuesto curado se pone en contacto con una superficie del segundo sustrato de material compuesto de tal manera que el adhesivo esta entre los sustratos. A continuacion se lleva a cabo el curado para formar una estructura de material compuesto unida. Los terminos "curado" y "curar", tal como se usan en el presente documento, se refieren al procedimiento de polimerizacion y/o reticulacion que se puede realizar mediante calentamiento, exposicion a luz ultravioleta, o radiacion.
El curado conjunto de la capa despegable rica en resina y el sustrato de material compuesto basado en resina (por ejemplo, preimpregnado basado en epoxi) se puede llevar a cabo a temperaturas superiores a 110 °C (230 °F), mas espedficamente, en el intervalo de temperatura de 121 °C-190 °C (250 °F-375 °F). Se ha descubierto que una ventaja de la capa despegable rica en resina descrita en el presente documento es que la capa despegable se puede curar conjuntamente con la mayona de preimpregnados disponibles en el mercado en el intervalo de curado anterior. Tales preimpregnados incluyen telas y/o cintas preimpregnadas de resina disponibles en el mercado como CYCOM 997, CYCOM 977-2, CYCOM 934, CYCOM 970, CYCOM 5317-3, CYCOM 5320-1 y CYCOM 851 de Cytec Industries lnc.; Hexply 8552 de Hexcel Corp.; y Toray 3900-2 de Toray Industries lnc. Despues del curado conjunto, la capa despegable rica en resina curada presenta una temperatura de transicion vttrea (Tg) > 140 °C, en algunas realizaciones, de 140 °C-200 °C, medida mediante el metodo de calorimetna diferencial de barrido (DSC) modulada.
Ejemplos
Los siguientes ejemplos son ilustrativos de algunas realizaciones de la capa despegable rica en resina descrita en el presente documento y su aplicacion, y no se deben interpretar como limitantes del alcance de la presente divulgacion.
Ejemplo 1
Se preparo una capa despegable rica en resina impregnando una tela de poliester con una formulacion de resina compuesta por, en % en peso: un 45 % de resina novolaca de epoxi fenol-formaldelmdo; un 11 % de resina novolaca epoxidada que contiene diciclopentadieno; un 23 % de diglicidil eter de bisfenol A; un 14 % de triglicidil eter de aminofenol; un 5 % de BF3 lfquido, y un 2 % de sflice pirogena. La tela de poliester tema las siguientes propiedades:
Tela
Ligamento tafetan, fibras de poliester Peso 85 g/m2
Densidad lineal de masa: urdimbre 16,67 Tex (150 deniers); trama 16,67 Tex (150 deniers). Resistencia a la traccion: urdimbre 2,7 x 104 N/m (155 lbf/pulgada); trama 2,1 x 104 N/m (120 lbf/pulgada). Espesor ~ 0,127 mm (0,0005 pulgadas).
La formulacion de resina se mezclo usando un procedimiento de fusion en caliente seguido de un procedimiento de adicion de disolvente. Una vez efectuada la mezcla de fusion en caliente, se anadio el disolvente metil etil cetona (MEK) a la composicion de resina para formar una suspension solida al 82 %. La composicion de resina humeda se deposito como revestimiento sobre la tela usando un procedimiento de revestimiento con disolvente y se dejo secar durante la noche a temperatura ambiente seguido de un procedimiento de secado en horno para reducir el contenido de volatiles a menos del 2 %. La capa despegable seca tema un contenido de resina de aproximadamente un 43 % en peso y un espesor de aproximadamente 140 pm.
Como alternativa, la formulacion de resina se puede mezclar tambien con MEK en un procedimiento asistido con disolvente a temperatura ambiente. La mezcla de resina humeda obtenida con un contenido de solidos del 82 % se puede depositar como revestimiento sobre la tela del mismo modo descrito anteriormente.
La capa despegable seca comentada anteriormente se uso para preparar la superficie de un preimpregnado basado en resina epoxi reforzada con fibra, la cinta CYCOM 997 (de Cytec Industries lnc.). Despues del curado conjunto a 177 °C, la capa despegable se despego dejando una superficie modificada lista para la union. Se llevo a cabo un ensayo de pelado en tambor ASTM D1781 a fin de evaluar la resistencia al despegado de la capa despegable. El resultado del ensayo indico 11,1 Newtons (2,5 pulgada-libra/pulgada de ancho). Esto demuestra que la capa despegable se despego con facilidad. Se realizo un analisis de la superficie mediante ATR-FTIR (Reflexion Total
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
Atenuada) para estudiar la superficie tratada del preimpregnado despues del curado y la retirada de la capa despegable. Se encontro que sobre la parte superior del preimpregnado quedaba una capa fina de aproximadamente 3-10 pm de resina de la capa despegable. La FIG 5 es una imagen de un microscopio electronico de barrido (SEM) de la superficie tratada despues de haber retirado la capa despegable rica en resina, lo que demuestra que no quedaban fibras rotas de la tela.
Ejemplo 2
Se fabrico una capa despegable rica en resina impregnando una tela de poliester con la siguiente formulacion de resina, en % en peso: un 45 % de resina novolaca de epoxi fenol-formaldehndo; un 11 % de resina novolaca epoxidada que contiene diciclopentadieno; un 22,5 % de diglicidil eter de bisfenol A; un 13,5 % de triglicidil eter de aminofenol; un 6 % de BF3-MEA; y un 2 % de sflice pirogena. La tela tema las siguientes propiedades:
Tela
Ligamento tafetan, fibras de poliester retorcidas Peso 110 g/m2
Densidad lineal de masa: urdimbre 14 Tex (126 denier); trama 14 Tex (126 denier). Resistencia a la traccion: urdimbre 1,8 x 104 N/m (105 lbf/pulgada); trama 1,8 x 104 N/m (105 lbf/pulgada). Espesor ~ 0,1143 mm (0,0045 pulgadas).
La formulacion de resina se mezclo, se deposito como revestimiento sobre la tela, se seco y se ensayo del mismo modo que en el Ejemplo 1. Se observo un resultado similar: quedaba una capa fina de aproximadamente 3-10 pm de resina de la capa despegable sobre la parte superior del preimpregnado despues de haber retirado la capa despegable rica en resina, pero no quedaban fibras rotas de la tela.
Ejemplo 3
Se preparo una capa despegable rica en resina impregnando una tela de poliester con una formulacion de resina compuesta por, en % en peso: un 44,5 % de resina novolaca de epoxi fenol-formaldehndo; un 9 % de resina novolaca epoxidada que contiene diciclopentadieno; un 22 % de diglicidil eter de bisfenol A; un 18 % de triglicidil eter de aminofenol; un 4,7 % de BF3 lfquido, y un 1,8 % de sflice pirogena. La tela de poliester tema las siguientes propiedades:
Tela
Ligamento tafetan, fibras de poliester Peso 85 g/m2
Densidad lineal de masa: urdimbre 16,67 Tex (150 denier); trama 16,67 Tex (150 denier). Resistencia a la traccion: urdimbre 2,7 x 104 N/m (155 lbf/pulgada); trama 2,1 x 104 N/m (120 lbf/pulgada). Espesor ~ 0,127 mm (0,005 pulgadas).
La formulacion de resina se mezclo, se deposito como revestimiento sobre la tela, se seco y se ensayo del mismo modo que en el Ejemplo 1. Se observo un resultado similar: quedaba una capa fina de aproximadamente 3-10 pm de resina de la capa despegable sobre la parte superior del preimpregnado despues de haber retirado la capa despegable rica en resina, pero no quedaban fibras rotas de la tela.
Ejemplo 4
Se preparo una capa despegable rica en resina impregnando una tela de poliester con una formulacion de resina compuesta por, en % en peso: un 44 % de resina novolaca de epoxi fenol-formaldehndo; un 9 % de resina novolaca epoxidada que contiene diciclopentadieno; un 22 % de diglicidil eter de bisfenol A; un 17 % de triglicidil eter de aminofenol; un 6 % de BF3-MEA, y un 2 % de sflice pirogena. La tela de poliester tema las siguientes propiedades:
Tela
Ligamento tafetan, fibras de poliester retorcidas Peso 110 g/m2
Densidad lineal de masa: urdimbre 14 Tex (126 denier); trama 14 Tex (126 denier). Resistencia a la traccion: urdimbre 1,8 x 104 N/m (105 lbf/pulgada); trama 1,8 x 104 N/m (105 lbf/pulgada). Espesor ~ 0,1143 mm (0,0045 pulgadas).
La formulacion de resina se mezclo, se deposito como revestimiento sobre la tela, se seco y se ensayo del mismo modo que en el Ejemplo 1. Se observo un resultado similar: quedaba una capa fina de aproximadamente 3-10 pm de resina de la capa despegable sobre la parte superior del preimpregnado despues de haber retirado la capa despegable rica en resina, pero no quedaban fibras rotas de la tela.
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
Ejemplo 5
Se preparo una capa despegable rica en resina impregnando una tela de poliester con una formulacion de resina compuesta por, en % en peso: un 45,5 % de resina novolaca de epoxi fenol-formaldelmdo; un 11,4 % de resina novolaca epoxidada que contiene diciclopentadieno; un 22,8 % de diglicidil eter de bisfenol A; un 13,7 % de triglicidil eter de aminofenol; un 4,8 % de BF3 lfquido, y un 1,8 % de sflice pirogena. La tela de poliester tema las siguientes propiedades:
Tela
Ligamento tafetan, fibras de poliester retorcidas Peso 110 g/m2
Densidad lineal de masa: urdimbre 14 Tex (126 denier); trama 14 Tex (126 denier). Resistencia a la traccion: urdimbre 1,8 x 104 N/m (105 lbf/pulgada); trama 1,8 x 104 (105 lbf/pulgada). Espesor ~ 0,1143 mm (0,0045 pulgadas).
La formulacion de resina se mezclo, se deposito como revestimiento sobre la tela, se seco y se ensayo del mismo modo que en el Ejemplo 1. Se observo un resultado similar: quedaba una capa fina de aproximadamente 3-10 pm de resina de la capa despegable sobre la parte superior del preimpregnado despues de haber retirado la capa despegable rica en resina, pero no quedaban fibras rotas de la tela.
Ejemplo 6
Se preparo una capa despegable rica en resina impregnando una tela de vidrio con una formulacion de resina compuesta por, en % en peso: un 44,5 % de resina novolaca de epoxi fenol-formaldelmdo; un 8,9 % de resina novolaca epoxidada que contiene diciclopentadieno; un 22,3 % de diglicidil eter de bisfenol A; un 17,8 % de triglicidil eter de aminofenol; un 4,7 % de BF3 lfquido, y un 1,8 % de sflice pirogena. La tela de vidrio tema las siguientes propiedades:
Tela
Ligamento tafetan, fibras de vidrio Peso 207 g/m2
Resistencia a la traccion: urdimbre 6,1 x 104 N/m (350 lbf/pulgada); trama 4,6 x 104 N/m (260 lbf/pulgada). Espesor ~ 0,1778 mm (0,007 pulgadas).
La formulacion de resina se mezclo, se deposito como revestimiento sobre la tela del mismo modo que en el Ejemplo 1. Tras el secado, la capa despegable seca tema un contenido de resina de aproximadamente un 28 % en peso y un espesor de aproximadamente 195 pm. La capa despegable rica en resina se ensayo a continuacion del mismo modo que en el Ejemplo 1. Se observo un resultado similar: quedaba una capa fina de aproximadamente 310 pm de resina de la capa despegable sobre la parte superior del preimpregnado despues de haber retirado la capa despegable rica en resina, pero no quedaban fibras rotas de la tela.
Ejemplo 7
Se preparo una capa despegable rica en resina impregnando una tela de poliester con la formulacion de resina divulgada en el Ejemplo 6. La tela de poliester tema las siguientes propiedades:
Tela
Ligamento tafetan, fibras de poliester retorcidas Peso 110 g/m2
Densidad lineal de masa: urdimbre 14 Tex (126 denier); trama 14 Tex (126 denier). Resistencia a la traccion: urdimbre 1,8 x 104 N/m (105 lbf/pulgada); trama 1,8 x 104 N/m (105 lbf/pulgada). Espesor ~ 0,1143 mm (0,0045 pulgadas).
La formulacion de resina se mezclo, se deposito como revestimiento sobre la tela, se seco y se ensayo del mismo modo que en el Ejemplo 1. Se observo un resultado similar: quedaba una capa fina de aproximadamente 3-10 pm de resina de la capa despegable sobre la parte superior del preimpregnado despues de haber retirado la capa despegable rica en resina, pero no quedaban fibras rotas de la tela.
Ejemplo 8
Ensayo de cizallamiento de solapamiento doble
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Se unieron entre sf impregnados CYCOM 970 (de Cytec Industries Inc.) utilizando un adhesivo disponible en el mercado, el FM 318 M.05 psf (de Cytec Industries lnc.). Se ensayaron de tres a cuatro muestras de preimpregnados unidos a cada temperatura de ensayo. Antes de la union, se preparo la superficie de union de los preimpregnados usando la capa despegable rica en resina tal como se expone en el Ejemplo 1. La Tabla 2 muestra los datos del cizallamiento medio a las temperaturas de ensayo de 23 °C, -55 °C y 72 °C basados en el ensayo de cizallamiento de solapamiento doble (ASTM D3528). Como se observa en la Tabla 2, la capa despegable promueve el fallo cohesivo a las diversas temperaturas de ensayo.
TABLA 2
- Temperatura de ensayo
- Cizallamiento promedio (MPa)
- O O CO CM
- 35,5
- -55 °C
- 32,9
- 72 °C
- 31,7
Ejemplo 9
Ensayo de doble viga en voladizo
Se formaron muestras de preimpregnados unidas usando diversos materiales preimpregnados disponibles en el mercado y un adhesivo disponible en el mercado, el FM 309-1 (de Cytec Industries lnc.). Antes de la union, se preparo la superficie de union de los preimpregnados usando la capa despegable rica en resina tal como se expone en el Ejemplo 1. El ensayo de doble viga en voladizo (ASTM D5528) se llevo a cabo a 23 °C y -55 °C para medir la tenacidad a la fractura interlaminar (G1c) de los preimpregnados unidos y los resultados se muestran en la FIG. 6.
Los preimpregnados CYCOM 5317-6 (de Cytec Industries lnc.) se unieron conjuntamente usando el adhesivo estructural FM 309-1 M.05 psf. Antes de la union conjunta, se uso una capa despegable rica en resina formada con la tela de vidrio mostrada en la FIG. 4 a fin de preparar la superficie de union sobre uno de los preimpregnados. Las FIGS. 7A y 7B muestran el estado de fallo cohesivo despues del ensayo de G1c de los preimpregnados unidos conjuntamente.
Los terminos "primero", "segundo" y similares, en el presente documento no indican ningun orden, cantidad o importancia, sino que se usan mas bien para distinguir un elemento de otro, y los terminos "un", "uno" y "una" en el presente documento no indican una limitacion de cantidad, sino que indican mas bien la presencia de al menos uno de los elementos mencionados. El modificador "aproximadamente" o "alrededor de" usado en relacion con una cantidad incluye el valor indicado y tiene el significado impuesto por el contexto (por ejemplo, incluye el grado de error asociado a la medicion de la cantidad particular). El sufijo "(s)" o "(es)" tal como se usa en el presente documento, pretende incluir tanto el singular como el plural del termino que modifica, incluyendo de ese modo uno o mas de ese termino (por ejemplo, "metal(es)" incluye uno o mas metales). Los intervalos descritos en el presente documento son inclusivos y se pueden combinar de forma independiente (por ejemplo, intervalos de "hasta aproximadamente un 25 % en peso" o, mas espedficamente, "de aproximadamente un 5 % en peso a aproximadamente un 20 % en peso", incluyen los extremos y todos los valores intermedios de los intervalos de "de aproximadamente un 5 % en peso a aproximadamente un 25 % en peso", etc.).
Aunque se han descrito varias realizaciones en el presente documento, a partir de la memoria descriptiva se apreciaran las diversas combinaciones de elementos, variaciones o mejoras que pueden ser efectuadas en las mismas por los expertos en la materia, y que estan dentro del alcance de la invencion, sin alejarse de las reivindicaciones adjuntas.
Claims (13)
- 51015202530354045REIVINDICACIONES1. Una capa despegable rica en resina que comprende una tela tejida impregnada de una matriz de resina curada, en la que dicha matriz de resina se forma a partir de una composicion de resina que comprende:al menos una resina novolaca epoxidada que tiene una funcionalidad epoxi de al menos 2; una resina epoxidifuncional seleccionada entre diglicidil eteres de fenoles polihidroxilados;una resina epoxi trifuncional seleccionada entre triglicidil eteres de aminofenoles;un agente de curado; ypartfculas de carga inorganicas;en la que dicha capa despegable rica en resina tiene un contenido de resina de al menos un 20 % en peso basado en el peso total de la capa despegable, yen la que dicha tela tejida comprende una pluralidad de hilos tejidos en un diseno de tejido, teniendo dichos hilos una resistencia a la traccion de la urdimbre de > 1,23 x 104 N/m; una resistencia a la traccion de la trama de > 7,00 x 103 N/m, una densidad lineal de masa de la urdimbre en el intervalo de 5,56-27,78 Tex, y una densidad lineal de masa de la trama de 5,56-27,78 Tex.
- 2. La capa despegable rica en resina de acuerdo con la reivindicacion 1, en la que dichos hilos tienen una resistencia a la traccion de la urdimbre de > 1,40 x 104 N/m, una resistencia a la traccion de la trama de > 8,76 x 103 N/m, una densidad lineal de masa de la urdimbre en el intervalo de 7,78-25,56 Tex, y una densidad lineal de masa de la trama de 7,78-25,56 Tex.
- 3. La capa despegable rica en resina de acuerdo con la reivindicacion 1 o 2, en la que la composicion de resina comprende al menos una resina novolaca epoxidada seleccionada entre resinas novolaca de epoxi fenol y resinas novolaca de epoxi cresol representadas por la siguiente estructura:
imagen1 en la que n es un numero entero de 0 a 8, R = H o CH3. - 4. La capa despegable rica en resina de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1-3, en la que la composicion de resina comprende ademas una resina novolaca epoxidada que contiene diciclopentadieno representada por la siguiente estructura:
imagen2 en la que n = un numero entero de 0 a 7. - 5. La capa despegable rica en resina de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1-4, en la que dicha tela tejida tiene un peso de tela en el intervalo de 50-250 g/m2.
- 6. La capa despegable rica en resina de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1-5, en la que dicha tela tejida tiene un peso de tela en el intervalo de 70-220 g/m2.
- 7. La capa despegable rica en resina de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1-6, en la que dicha tela tejida tiene un espesor de tela en el intervalo de 50-250 pm.510152025
- 8. La capa despegable rica en resina de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1-7, en la que dicha tela tejida tiene un espesor de tela en el intervalo de 100-200 pm.
- 9. La capa despegable rica en resina de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1-8, en la que los hilos de la tela tejida estan hechos de materiales seleccionados entre el grupo que consiste en: poliesteres, polietileno, polipropileno, nailon, materiales elastomeros, poliaramidas, poliimidas, polietilenimina, polioxazol, polibencimidazol, polieter eter cetona, y vidrio.
- 10. La capa despegable rica en resina de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1-9, en la que dicha capa despegable tiene un contenido de resina en el intervalo de un 20 %-50 % en peso basado en el peso total de la capa despegable.
- 11. La capa despegable rica en resina de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1-10, en la que el agente de curado se selecciona entre el grupo que consiste en BF3, BCh y complejos de los mismos.
- 12. La capa despegable rica en resina de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1-11, en la que dicha matriz de resina se forma a partir de una composicion de resina que comprende:una resina novolaca de epoxi fenol que tiene una funcionalidad epoxi de al menos 2;una resina novolaca epoxidada que contiene diciclopentadieno que tiene una funcionalidad epoxi de al menos 2; un diglicidil eter de bisfenol A; un triglicidil eter de aminofenol;un agente de curado seleccionado entre el grupo que consiste en BF3, BCh y complejos de los mismos; y sflice pirogena.
- 13. La capa despegable rica en resina de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1-12, en la que las resinas novolaca constituyen al menos un 20 % en peso basado en el peso total de la composicion.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201161582096P | 2011-12-30 | 2011-12-30 | |
| US201161582096P | 2011-12-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2693221T3 true ES2693221T3 (es) | 2018-12-10 |
Family
ID=47291251
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES16193363.5T Active ES2693221T3 (es) | 2011-12-30 | 2012-11-16 | Capa despegable |
| ES12795687.8T Active ES2616241T3 (es) | 2011-12-30 | 2012-11-16 | Capa despegable, procedimiento de preparación de una superficie y unión de estructuras de material compuesto utilizando el mismo |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES12795687.8T Active ES2616241T3 (es) | 2011-12-30 | 2012-11-16 | Capa despegable, procedimiento de preparación de una superficie y unión de estructuras de material compuesto utilizando el mismo |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US9473459B2 (es) |
| EP (2) | EP3141379B1 (es) |
| JP (2) | JP6033328B2 (es) |
| KR (1) | KR101972314B1 (es) |
| CN (1) | CN103946012B (es) |
| AU (2) | AU2012362983B2 (es) |
| BR (1) | BR112014012123B8 (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2862191C (es) |
| ES (2) | ES2693221T3 (es) |
| IN (1) | IN2014CN04740A (es) |
| MX (1) | MX345546B (es) |
| MY (1) | MY173766A (es) |
| RU (2) | RU2646218C1 (es) |
| TW (1) | TWI597166B (es) |
| WO (1) | WO2013101354A1 (es) |
Families Citing this family (30)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BRPI1105343B1 (pt) * | 2011-12-28 | 2020-01-14 | Embraer Sa | método para união de componentes através de adesão mecânica e junta de adesão mecânica para união de componentes |
| US9254622B2 (en) * | 2012-04-23 | 2016-02-09 | University Of Washington | Bond ply for adhesive bonding of composites and associated systems and methods |
| ES2659464T3 (es) * | 2012-08-27 | 2018-03-15 | Hexcel Holding Gmbh | Mejoras en o relacionadas con materiales preimpregnados |
| CN105473239B (zh) | 2013-08-22 | 2017-09-29 | 塞特工业公司 | 复合材料的粘结 |
| FR3009997B1 (fr) * | 2013-09-03 | 2016-02-19 | Airbus Operations Sas | Procede de fabrication d'un raidisseur en materiau composite |
| US9709481B2 (en) * | 2014-02-07 | 2017-07-18 | Alenia Aermacchi S.P.A. | Method for determining the tack of a material |
| US20150258765A1 (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2015-09-17 | The Boeing Company | Composite Structure and Method for Inspecting a Pre-bond Surface of a Composite Structure |
| ES2842278T3 (es) | 2014-11-03 | 2021-07-13 | Cytec Ind Inc | Unión de materiales compuestos |
| WO2016149036A1 (en) * | 2015-03-16 | 2016-09-22 | Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation | Bonding preparation patch |
| CN106354670A (zh) * | 2015-07-16 | 2017-01-25 | 阿里巴巴集团控股有限公司 | 一种用于虚拟化环境下传输数据的方法与设备 |
| DE102015225467B4 (de) * | 2015-12-16 | 2019-12-19 | Airbus Defence and Space GmbH | Beschichtetes Verbundbauteil und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines beschichteten Verbundbauteils |
| JP7135857B2 (ja) * | 2016-08-03 | 2022-09-13 | 日産化学株式会社 | 剥離層形成用組成物 |
| US20190263072A1 (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2019-08-29 | Cytec Industries Inc. | Bonding of composite substrates |
| DE102017100740B3 (de) * | 2017-01-16 | 2018-07-05 | Eleftherios Gerolymos | Fließhilfe für eine Infusionsanordnung zum Infiltrieren eines Harzes in ein Fasermaterial |
| KR20200100789A (ko) * | 2017-12-21 | 2020-08-26 | 사이텍 인더스트리스 인코포레이티드 | 표면 제조를 위한 필 플라이 및 이를 이용한 결합 방법 |
| DE102018111306B4 (de) * | 2018-05-11 | 2022-10-20 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Verfahren zum Applizieren eines Werkstoffes auf ein Faserverbundbauteil |
| CN109021847B (zh) * | 2018-06-25 | 2021-06-04 | 黑龙江省科学院石油化学研究院 | 一种与环氧基碳纤维复合材料共固化弹性胶膜材料及其制备方法 |
| CN109651635B (zh) * | 2018-11-09 | 2020-06-26 | 北京化工大学 | 一种回收碳纤维预浸料的制备方法 |
| DE102018131797A1 (de) * | 2018-12-11 | 2020-06-18 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Überprüfen einer Fügeoberfläche |
| US20220009177A1 (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2022-01-13 | Covestro Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for preparing a polyurethane composite by vacuum infusion process |
| WO2020132509A1 (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2020-06-25 | Cytec Industries Inc. | Surface treatment to enhance bonding of composite materials |
| GB201905144D0 (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2019-05-29 | Hexcel Composites Ltd | Peel ply for elongate composite materials |
| WO2021010044A1 (ja) | 2019-07-16 | 2021-01-21 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 複合材の接着前処理方法 |
| JP7263166B2 (ja) * | 2019-07-16 | 2023-04-24 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 複合材接合体の製造方法 |
| DE102019121563A1 (de) * | 2019-08-09 | 2021-02-11 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteils sowie Bauteil hierzu |
| CN112988254B (zh) * | 2019-11-29 | 2023-08-22 | 腾讯科技(深圳)有限公司 | 管理硬件设备的方法、装置和设备 |
| CN112527456B (zh) * | 2020-12-10 | 2024-06-25 | 国网四川省电力公司信息通信公司 | 一种业务应用容器化改造及镜像制作的方法 |
| CN112917771A (zh) * | 2021-01-23 | 2021-06-08 | 中复连众(包头)复合材料有限公司 | 一种兆瓦级风力发电机组根部预制插件富树脂处理方法 |
| CN116042127B (zh) * | 2023-02-17 | 2025-06-06 | 中北大学 | 一种可用于异质界面的低介电高韧性粘接胶膜及其制备方法 |
| US20250026112A1 (en) * | 2023-07-21 | 2025-01-23 | Mark A. Shippen | Structural Reinforcement of Reusable Plastic Foam Laminates and Kits |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU653273A1 (ru) * | 1976-07-21 | 1979-03-25 | Предприятие П/Я Р-6209 | Препрег |
| US4783362A (en) * | 1987-09-30 | 1988-11-08 | Stern & Stern Industries, Inc. | Peel ply material |
| GB9309954D0 (en) * | 1993-05-14 | 1993-06-30 | Ici Plc | Reinforced moulded articles and method of producing same |
| US5879492A (en) * | 1998-04-17 | 1999-03-09 | Northrop Grumman Corporation | Z-peel sheets |
| EP1275674B1 (en) * | 2000-04-21 | 2007-04-04 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. | Epoxy resin composition and prepreg made with the epoxy resin composition |
| TW583235B (en) * | 2001-09-25 | 2004-04-11 | Sumitomo Bakelite Co | Method of manufacturing composite laminated sheet |
| FR2865431B1 (fr) * | 2004-01-22 | 2006-06-09 | Saertex France | Procede de fabrication d'une armature disposant d'au moins une face adhesive de facon repositionnable et armature obtenue |
| JP2005290029A (ja) * | 2004-03-31 | 2005-10-20 | Sumitomo Bakelite Co Ltd | プリプレグ及びコンポジット積層板の製造方法 |
| JP4969118B2 (ja) * | 2006-03-15 | 2012-07-04 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 成形体の前処理方法、接着物品及びその製造方法、並びに塗装物品及びその製造方法 |
| KR101129989B1 (ko) * | 2006-04-25 | 2012-03-26 | 사이텍 테크놀러지 코포레이션 | 프리프레그를 위한 일액형 uv 및 마모 저항성 유색 표층용 필름 조성물 |
| US9290631B2 (en) | 2008-03-12 | 2016-03-22 | General Electric Company | Adhesive formulations for bonding composite materials |
| JP2009221390A (ja) * | 2008-03-18 | 2009-10-01 | Jamco Corp | 複合材連続成形用プリプレグピールプライ |
| CN101412284B (zh) * | 2008-12-09 | 2011-01-12 | 北京百慕航材高科技股份有限公司 | 树脂基复合材料踝足矫形器成型方法 |
| CN102101362B (zh) * | 2009-12-21 | 2013-05-29 | 合肥杰事杰新材料股份有限公司 | 异形纤维三维织物增强热塑性树脂复合材料的制备方法 |
-
2012
- 2012-11-16 WO PCT/US2012/065389 patent/WO2013101354A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2012-11-16 CN CN201280055806.XA patent/CN103946012B/zh active Active
- 2012-11-16 MY MYPI2014000977A patent/MY173766A/en unknown
- 2012-11-16 IN IN4740CHN2014 patent/IN2014CN04740A/en unknown
- 2012-11-16 US US13/678,595 patent/US9473459B2/en active Active
- 2012-11-16 JP JP2014550296A patent/JP6033328B2/ja active Active
- 2012-11-16 RU RU2016139017A patent/RU2646218C1/ru active
- 2012-11-16 CA CA2862191A patent/CA2862191C/en active Active
- 2012-11-16 KR KR1020147017732A patent/KR101972314B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-11-16 ES ES16193363.5T patent/ES2693221T3/es active Active
- 2012-11-16 AU AU2012362983A patent/AU2012362983B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2012-11-16 MX MX2014006215A patent/MX345546B/es active IP Right Grant
- 2012-11-16 EP EP16193363.5A patent/EP3141379B1/en active Active
- 2012-11-16 RU RU2014131471/05A patent/RU2602102C2/ru active
- 2012-11-16 EP EP12795687.8A patent/EP2797733B1/en active Active
- 2012-11-16 BR BR112014012123A patent/BR112014012123B8/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2012-11-16 ES ES12795687.8T patent/ES2616241T3/es active Active
- 2012-11-29 TW TW101144822A patent/TWI597166B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2016
- 2016-09-13 US US15/263,700 patent/US10093081B2/en active Active
- 2016-10-13 JP JP2016201547A patent/JP6275796B2/ja active Active
- 2016-11-07 AU AU2016256666A patent/AU2016256666B2/en not_active Ceased
Also Published As
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| ES2693221T3 (es) | Capa despegable | |
| ES2842278T3 (es) | Unión de materiales compuestos | |
| ES2924712T3 (es) | Hoja despegable para la preparación de superficies y método de unión usando la misma | |
| ES2735308T3 (es) | Unión de materiales compuestos | |
| TWI622634B (zh) | 複合材料之黏結 | |
| BR112014017498B1 (pt) | material ou estrutura de moldagem compreendendo uma camada de reforço fibroso e uma resina líquida curável | |
| BR112020011258B1 (pt) | Métodos de preparação de superfície de um substrato compósito e de ligação |