ID17616A - Alat-alat untuk mendinginkan aliran umpan yang normalnya berbentuk gas. - Google Patents

Alat-alat untuk mendinginkan aliran umpan yang normalnya berbentuk gas.

Info

Publication number
ID17616A
ID17616A IDP972123A ID972123A ID17616A ID 17616 A ID17616 A ID 17616A ID P972123 A IDP972123 A ID P972123A ID 972123 A ID972123 A ID 972123A ID 17616 A ID17616 A ID 17616A
Authority
ID
Indonesia
Prior art keywords
shell
stage
liquid level
compression
shells
Prior art date
Application number
IDP972123A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
William Raymond Low
Kenneth C Campbell
Original Assignee
Phillips Petroleum Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Phillips Petroleum Co filed Critical Phillips Petroleum Co
Publication of ID17616A publication Critical patent/ID17616A/id

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
    • F25J1/0082—Methane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
    • F25J1/0085—Ethane; Ethylene
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/008—Hydrocarbons
    • F25J1/0087—Propane; Propylene
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0207—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as at least a three level SCR refrigeration cascade
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0208—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. with deep flash recycle loop
    • F25J1/0209—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. with deep flash recycle loop as at least a three level refrigeration cascade
    • F25J1/021—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. with deep flash recycle loop as at least a three level refrigeration cascade using a deep flash recycle loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
    • F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
    • F25J5/005—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger in a reboiler-condenser, e.g. within a column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/02—Bath type boiler-condenser using thermo-siphon effect, e.g. with natural or forced circulation or pool boiling, i.e. core-in-kettle heat exchanger

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
IDP972123A 1996-07-17 1997-06-20 Alat-alat untuk mendinginkan aliran umpan yang normalnya berbentuk gas. ID17616A (id)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/682,463 US5651270A (en) 1996-07-17 1996-07-17 Core-in-shell heat exchangers for multistage compressors

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ID17616A true ID17616A (id) 1998-01-15

Family

ID=24739825

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
IDP972123A ID17616A (id) 1996-07-17 1997-06-20 Alat-alat untuk mendinginkan aliran umpan yang normalnya berbentuk gas.

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5651270A (id)
AR (1) AR007730A1 (id)
AU (1) AU717627B2 (id)
CA (1) CA2258944C (id)
CO (1) CO4700571A1 (id)
ID (1) ID17616A (id)
MY (1) MY132936A (id)
WO (1) WO1998002698A1 (id)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5758515A (en) * 1997-05-08 1998-06-02 Praxair Technology, Inc. Cryogenic air separation with warm turbine recycle
DZ2671A1 (fr) * 1997-12-12 2003-03-22 Shell Int Research Processus de liquéfaction d'un produit alimenté gazeux riche en méthane pour obtenir un gaz natural liquéfié.
MY125082A (en) 1999-12-15 2006-07-31 Shell Int Research Compression apparatus for gaseous refrigerant
TWI314637B (en) * 2003-01-31 2009-09-11 Shell Int Research Process of liquefying a gaseous, methane-rich feed to obtain liquefied natural gas
US6962060B2 (en) * 2003-12-10 2005-11-08 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Refrigeration compression system with multiple inlet streams
GB0400986D0 (en) * 2004-01-16 2004-02-18 Cryostar France Sa Compressor
US20070245770A1 (en) * 2006-04-19 2007-10-25 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Optimization of a dual refrigeration system natural gas liquid plant via empirical experimental method
US8591199B2 (en) * 2007-01-11 2013-11-26 Conocophillips Company Multi-stage compressor/driver system and method of operation
JP5259727B2 (ja) * 2007-12-04 2013-08-07 シエル・インターナシヨネイル・リサーチ・マーチヤツピイ・ベー・ウイ 炭化水素流の冷却及び／又は液化の方法及び装置
BRPI0918587B1 (pt) * 2008-09-08 2020-10-13 Conocophillips Company processo e instalação para liquefazer um fluxo de gás natural
US20100319877A1 (en) * 2009-06-23 2010-12-23 Conocophillips Company Removable Flow Diversion Baffles for Liquefied Natural Gas Heat Exchangers
LT2603760T (lt) * 2010-03-31 2019-09-10 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Pagrindinis šilumokaitis ir vamzdžio šoninio srauto aušinimo būdas
DE102011013340A1 (de) 2010-12-30 2012-07-05 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verteileinrichtung und Wärmetauschervorrichtung
US20130153172A1 (en) * 2011-12-20 2013-06-20 Conocophillips Company Method and apparatus for reducing the impact of motion in a core-in-shell heat exchanger
CN104024783B (zh) * 2011-12-20 2016-08-31 科诺科菲利浦公司 用于抑制芯壳式热交换器中的晃动的内部挡板
DE102012021637A1 (de) * 2012-11-02 2014-05-08 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Abkühlen einer Kohlenwasserstoff-reichen Fraktion
EP3077750B1 (de) * 2013-12-05 2018-02-21 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Wärmeübertrager mit sammelkanal für den abzug einer flüssigen phase
AU2015225534B2 (en) * 2014-03-04 2019-03-14 Conocophillips Company Heat exchanger for a liquefied natural gas facility
WO2015134188A1 (en) * 2014-03-07 2015-09-11 Conocophillips Company Heat exchanger system with mono-cyclone inline separator
WO2015168509A1 (en) * 2014-05-01 2015-11-05 Conocophillips Company Liquid drains in core-in-shell heat exchanger
EP2944909A1 (de) * 2014-05-13 2015-11-18 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Wärmeübertrager mit Kanälen zur Dämpfung von Flüssigkeitsbewegungen
US11162732B2 (en) * 2015-04-07 2021-11-02 Conocophillips Company Quench system for a refrigeration cycle of a liquefied natural gas facility and method of quenching
US12491464B2 (en) 2017-05-21 2025-12-09 EnFlex, Inc. Process for separating hydrogen from an olefin hydrocarbon effluent vapor stream
US12643067B2 (en) 2017-05-21 2026-06-02 EnFlex, Inc. Process for separating hydrogen from an olefin hydrocarbon effluent vapor stream
US11668523B2 (en) * 2017-05-21 2023-06-06 EnFlex, Inc. Process for separating hydrogen from an olefin hydrocarbon effluent vapor stream
US12111104B2 (en) 2017-05-21 2024-10-08 EnFlex, Inc. Process for separating hydrogen from an olefin hydrocarbon effluent vapor stream
PE20252564A1 (es) * 2018-04-20 2025-10-28 Chart Energy And Chemicals Inc Sistema y metodo de licuefaccion de refrigerante mixto con pre-enfriamiento
US10982898B2 (en) 2018-05-11 2021-04-20 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Modularized LNG separation device and flash gas heat exchanger
JP7439354B2 (ja) * 2020-02-21 2024-02-28 株式会社神戸製鋼所 冷却装置
US20230375261A1 (en) * 2022-05-19 2023-11-23 Conocophillips Company Closed loop lng process for a feed gas with nitrogen

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GB1016049A (en) * 1964-04-10 1966-01-05 Lummus Co A process for the liquefaction of a gas
GB1096697A (en) * 1966-09-27 1967-12-29 Int Research & Dev Co Ltd Process for liquefying natural gas
US4951475A (en) * 1979-07-31 1990-08-28 Altech Controls Corp. Method and apparatus for controlling capacity of a multiple-stage cooling system
US4457768A (en) * 1982-12-13 1984-07-03 Phillips Petroleum Company Control of a refrigeration process
US4698080A (en) * 1984-06-15 1987-10-06 Phillips Petroleum Company Feed control for cryogenic gas plant
GB8418840D0 (en) * 1984-07-24 1984-08-30 Boc Group Plc Gas refrigeration
US4680041A (en) * 1985-12-30 1987-07-14 Phillips Petroleum Company Method for cooling normally gaseous material
GB8610855D0 (en) * 1986-05-02 1986-06-11 Boc Group Plc Gas liquefaction

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1998002698A1 (en) 1998-01-22
CA2258944A1 (en) 1998-01-22
CO4700571A1 (es) 1998-12-29
CA2258944C (en) 2004-02-24
AU3305797A (en) 1998-02-09
AR007730A1 (es) 1999-11-10
AU717627B2 (en) 2000-03-30
MY132936A (en) 2007-10-31
US5651270A (en) 1997-07-29

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