JP2000342191A - Feed for growing cultured fish and breeding of cultured fish - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a feed for growing a cultured fish, accelerating its normal growth, keeping it healthy, improving its meat quality-improving effect and freshness-maintaining characteristic, and useful for growing a young yellow tail, sea bream, etc., by incorporating a prescribed amount of vitamin E in the feed as an active ingredient. SOLUTION: This feed for growing a cultured fish contains 30-300 mg, preferably 50-150 mg vitamin E [in 100 g feed (as a dried feed)] such as α-tocopherol as an active ingredient. Further, it is preferable that the feed contains 10-50 mg salts of L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphoric acid ester [in 100 g feed (as a dried feed)] as an active additive component having an ascorbic acid activity, and also to breed the cultured fish by feeding these feeds for >=2 months during the growing period.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a cultured fish to be used for food, for example, yellowtail, yellowtail, amberjack, red sea bream, salmon, trout,
The present invention relates to a feed for use in breeding sea bass, horse mackerel, striped horse mackerel, flatfish, tilapia, sweetfish, eel, carp, tiger pufferfish, cedar, and the like, and a technique of breeding such cultured fish.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, when breeding cultured fish, various kinds of vitamins have been mixed and fed together with minerals as trace nutrients. In addition, these various vitamins are kneaded and blended in a moist pellet feed (hereinafter referred to as “MP feed”) mainly composed of raw feed, or fish meal or fish oil by a pressurizing / heating / kneading granulator such as an extruder.・
It is blended into a porous pellet feed (hereinafter referred to as "EP feed") which is artificially molded together with starch and the like and dried and solidified, and is fed throughout the entire period of breeding of cultured fish. ing.

[0003]

In the above-mentioned conventional feed for aquaculture and the breeding method using the same, the added vitamins prevent oxidation of fish somatic cells and increase immunity at the same time. It is formulated as a micronutrient essential for maintaining health and growing normally. In other words, it prevents the cultured fish from being infected with various diseases, and sets the amount of vitamins required for normal growth based on the required amount of vitamins, and uses this as a guide to MP feed or EP feed. Was to be added.

[0004] In this case, the requirement of vitamin E, which is deeply involved in lipid metabolism, is said to increase as the lipid content of the feed increases, but the standard requirement is, for example, for hamachi, trout and carp. Up to 20mg / 10 in dry feed
It is said that a safety factor of about 0 g is sufficient even when looking at the safety factor. Vitamin C such as L-ascorbic acid-2-
The standard requirement of phosphate ester is also up to 6 in dry feed.
It is said that about mg / 100 g is sufficient.

[0005] However, the above-mentioned required amount of vitamin E is due to diseases such as back blight disease, blackening of the body, congestion of the gill lid, convulsions, etc. due to inability or insufficiency of lipids, the occurrence of growth arrest and death of individuals. This is a health standard for preventing the adverse effects of the above, and is not a standard for actively improving meat quality and promoting growth of cultured fish. In other words, while conventional research and its actual product can achieve only one aspect of maintaining healthy health and normal growth as an effect of vitamin E, the criteria are to eliminate the oily feeling and fragile texture of cultured fish generated from excess fat meat quality. It is impossible to achieve the further effect of improving meat quality and maintaining freshness after shipping for a long time, and it has never been focused on aiming at such meat quality improvement and freshness improvement itself Therefore, no specific prescription or breeding method for that purpose was recognized at all.

[0006] Further, ordinary vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) is fragile in terms of heat resistance.
Although the required amount of health maintenance standard is added to MP feed without heating, it is expected that substantial efficacy will be lost because most of it will be lost due to deterioration over time until the feeding stage after production. It was impossible. Furthermore, salts of L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate ester (hereinafter, referred to as “vitamin C phosphate”), which has recently been marketed as being stable against heat and changes over time, are added to conventional EP feed. However, as mentioned above, this is also intended only to be added within the range to meet the vitamin C standard requirement for maintaining the health of cultured fish, and to improve meat quality such as improvement of umami and so on. There was no prescription focused on the purpose of maintaining freshness for a long time.

[0007] In the aquaculture fish distribution industry and consumers, it is desired to improve the quality of meat by improving the umami taste and maintaining the freshness after shipment for a long period of time, while improving the quality of the aquaculture fish. There has been a long-awaited need for feed and breeding methods that can improve the yield of fish that can be shipped relative to the number and reduce the cost of feed associated therewith.

(Object of the Invention) The object of the present invention is to meet the required amount of vitamin E necessary for maintaining the health and normal growth of cultured fish, as well as improving umami and maintaining meat freshness for a long time after shipment. Achieving the same product, improving the yield of fish that can be shipped, reducing breeding costs, and at the same time achieving the ability to produce granules without losing the synergistic effect of vitamins in the feed and maintain it for a long period of time It is an object of the present invention to provide a feed for cultivating cultured fish and a breeding method using the same. That is, the feed and the breeding method according to the present invention mainly aim at improving the meat quality and freshness retention of fish raised in a fish farm for use in edible treatment, The purpose is essentially different from that of a vitamin-enriched feed for the purpose of pharmacological effect, for parenting for egg collection or for rearing fry immediately after hatching, and the like.

[0009]

According to the present invention, in order to achieve the above object, the feed for cultivating cultured fish according to claim 1 is a feed for cultivating fish, wherein the feed is used as an active ingredient.
Vitamin E in 0g (dry feed) 30mg-300m
g.

The feed for cultivating cultured fish according to claim 2 is the feed for cultivating cultured fish according to claim 1, wherein as an active ingredient, 100 g of the feed (dry feed) contains 50 g of vitamin E.
It is characterized in that it is contained in the range of mg to 150 mg.

[0011] The feed for cultivating cultured fish according to claim 3 is the feed for cultivating cultured fish according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein L-ascorbin is used as an active ingredient additive having ascorbic acid activity. It is characterized in that salts of acid-2-phosphate are contained in an amount of 10 mg to 50 mg in 100 g (dry feed) of the feed.

A feed for cultivating cultured fish according to claim 4 is the feed for cultivating cultured fish according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is formed into an EP feed.

The breeding method of the cultured fish according to claim 5 is a method of breeding a cultured fish, wherein 100 g of feed is used as an active ingredient.
A feed for raising cultured fish, which contains 30 mg to 300 mg of vitamin E in (dry feed), is fed for at least two months during the breeding period.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the method of breeding a cultured fish according to the fifth aspect, wherein L-ascorbic acid-2 is contained in 100 g of feed (dry feed) as an active ingredient.
-It is characterized by containing 10 mg to 50 mg of a salt of a phosphate ester to improve absorption and accumulation of vitamin E.

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, there is provided the method of breeding a cultured fish according to any one of the fifth and sixth aspects, wherein vitamin E is used as an active ingredient at a rate of 5 to 50 mg / kg of fish body weight / day. And a salt of L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate as an active ingredient in an amount of 2 mg to 10 mg /
It is characterized by feeding to saltwater cultured fish at a rate of kg / day of fish body weight.

According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the method of breeding a cultured fish according to any one of the fifth to seventh aspects, wherein the feeding is performed during at least five months before shipment. Features.

(Effect) The feeding of the present feed satisfies the required amount of vitamin E required for maintaining the health and normal growth of the cultured fish, so that the decomposition of lipid peroxide is promoted and the somatic cells exert the action of active oxygen. And at the same time, both immunity and lipid metabolism are facilitated. On the other hand, by the action of high-concentration vitamin E, to improve umami and maintain the freshness after shipment for a long time, to improve the quality by improving the meat quality itself, to improve the yield of fish that can be shipped, and to reduce the feed cost associated with this. Are all achieved simultaneously.

Furthermore, by adding a high concentration of vitamin C, which has good stability over time and is resistant to heat and pressure, secretion of protective mucus from the fish body surface is promoted and local antimicrobial action is improved. Not only does it promote the biological defense function of white blood cells in the blood. In addition, the effect of enhancing the intestinal absorption of the vitamin E and sufficiently exerting its antioxidant effect is exerted, and the synergistic effect of making the meat quality leaner is exhibited.

Further, the above-mentioned vitamin E and vitamin C phosphate are added to a main feed such as fish meal, fish oil, starch and the like by an extruder granulator, and continuously pressurized, heated, kneaded and granulated. In addition, since the effects of the above-mentioned vitamin E and vitamin C phosphate are not lost, it is possible to provide a large amount of inexpensive feed for raising cultured fish which is homogeneous, high quality and suitable for long-term storage.

[0020]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The term "cultured fish" to which the present invention is applied refers to all marine fish and freshwater fish that are currently cultivated for food or to be cultivated in the future. Hamachi, yellowtail, amberjack, red sea bream, eel are preferable as application targets from the viewpoint of marketability, but are not particularly limited thereto, and salmon, trout, sea bass, sea mackerel,
The application to various edible cultured fish such as striped horse mackerel, flatfish, tilapia, sweetfish, tiger pufferfish, and cedar is also included.

The "feed" according to the present invention includes EP feed, EX feed, DP feed, MP feed and paste for aquaculture. Specifically, the main raw material is fish meal, fish oil, and starch, including those containing various vitamins and minerals. Preferably, the feed contains 30% to 70% of fish meal,
5-20% fish oil, 10-45% alpha starch, flour, etc.
An EP feed containing 0.5% to 1.0% of vitamins and minerals is added to this. Vitamin E in the whole feed is 30 mg to 300 mg / 10
0 g or 10 mg to 50 mg of vitamin C phosphate
mg / 100 g was added at a high concentration in each addition ratio. More preferably vitamin E in whole feed
In the range of 50 mg to 150 mg / 100 g, and vitamin C in the range of 15 mg to 35 mg / 10 g.
It was added at a high concentration in the range of 0 g.

Further, the "vitamin E" according to the present invention comprises α
-Refers to total tocopherols including all of tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol.

Furthermore, the “vitamin C phosphate” according to the present invention.
Use of magnesium L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate or calcium L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate, or other salts.

In addition to the addition of the vitamin E according to the present invention or the vitamin C in a high concentration together with the vitamin E according to the present invention, vitamin A, B, D, etc. are added to the extent normally required for maintaining the health and normal growth of the cultured fish. It is another embodiment included in the present invention to include various vitamins at a known addition ratio.

The feed according to the present invention is fed at any time during the aquaculture period for at least two months. As a result, a large amount of vitamin E is accumulated in the meat quality of the cultured fish, particularly in muscle tissue and liver tissue, and the meat quality is greatly improved. By improving meat quality during this period, cultivated fish with umami and stiffness better than natural fish grow,
It is intended to obtain a long-lasting meat quality with very little discoloration after shipping.

In particular, by performing this feeding for at least 2 months during the period of at least 5 months immediately before shipment as an adult fish to improve meat quality, there is a remarkable effect on preserving freshness and umami after shipment. That is, since vitamin E is fat-soluble and is accumulated and retained in meat at a high concentration and efficiently by the feeding method according to the present invention, freshness is maintained over a long period of time due to its antioxidant properties. It is. It should be noted that vitamin E is considered to be not excessive if taken too much in spite of its fat-solubility, and it is useful for the growth of cultured fish itself or the human body eating it,
There is no risk of adverse effects.

The feeding period is preferably two months or more in the five months immediately before shipping.
More preferably, it is the whole period of aquaculture. In other words, feeding the feed according to the present invention for at least 2 months during the 5 months before shipping is a minimum period for forming umami and maintaining freshness after shipping by improving meat quality, but feeding more than that. The longer the feeding period, the more the meat quality can be improved by ingesting the fry from the time of the fry, and it is possible to grow into a healthy and excellent meaty adult fish. Therefore, the longer the feeding period, the higher the thickness of the fish body is, the shorter the cultivation period, and the number of dead fish is extremely reduced, so that the shipping yield is good and the feed cost is improved.

The feeding frequency during this period may be every day, but may be given every other day or every other day depending on the water temperature of the fish farm and / or the growth stage of the cultured fish, or other frequency. It is an embodiment included in the present invention that the feed according to the present invention is intermittently fed, for example, in combination with the feed of the present invention.

In this case, regardless of the frequency of feeding, the amount of vitamin E to be fed per day is preferably 5 to 50 mg / kg of fish body weight as an active ingredient. This makes it possible to reliably accumulate a high concentration of vitamin E in the fish body irrespective of the feeding frequency of the cultured fish. That is, meat quality is improved by giving 10 times or more to the usual 0.5-3.5 mg / kg of fish body weight / day of the usual amount of vitamin E which is conventionally considered to be sufficient if the health standard is satisfied. -Vitamin E is efficiently accumulated in fish meat for keeping freshness for a long time. In particular, this tendency is remarkable in seawater fish such as hamachi, yellowtail, and cedar.

The salt of L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate is also used as an active ingredient per day in an amount of 2 mg to 1 mg in association with the feeding ratio of vitamin E according to the weight of the fish.
It is preferable to feed at a rate of 0 mg / kg of fish body weight / day. The feeding rate of this vitamin C is more than 10 times as much as the usual feeding amount of vitamin C of 0.2 to 1 mg / kg of fish body weight / day, which is conventionally sufficient if the health standard is satisfied. is there.

[0031]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following Examples, but it should not be construed that the invention is limited thereto.

Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 (1) EP feed according to Example 1 having the component composition shown in Table 1, MP feed of Comparative Example 1 conventionally used, and Comparative Example conventionally used Using the EP feed of No. 2, the cultured yellowtail was fed by the following method. The EP feed of Example 1 was obtained by adding various vitamins, fish flour, fish oil, α-starch, and flour as main raw materials.
Minerals are added and this is extruded to a particle size of 3
It is formed into pellets having a size of 17 mm to 17 mm, and further artificially dried and solidified. On the other hand, the MP feed of Comparative Example 1 was prepared by mixing frozen sardines and the compound feed at a ratio of about 8: 2 and granulating with a moist pellet granulator. A commercial feed was used as the compound feed, and the composition was 70% fish meal, 26% flour and the like, and various vitamins, minerals, and 4%. In the conventional EP feed of Comparative Example 2, vitamin E and vitamin phosphate C were added at the maximum amounts known to be necessary for maintaining health, and the other component compositions and compounding ratios and the molding method were the same as those of Example 1. Same thing.

[0033]

[Table 1]

(2) Feeding method: In a fish farm in Kagoshima Prefecture, 30,000 monazako (fry of yellowtail with a body length of about 15 cm in early July) were used as test fish, and 10,000 fish were used in Example 1. And the other 10,000 feeds as the MP feed group of Comparative Example 1 and the remaining 10,000 feeds as the EP feed group of Comparative Example 2.
They were bred by the method shown in Table 2.

[0035]

[Table 2]

(3) Table 3 shows the results such as the growth status of the test fish in each of the feed feeding groups of Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2. The average fish weight at the start of breeding in each feed feeding group was 100 g. The definitions of the terms in Table 3 and the measurement dates are as follows. Average fish weight: Average weight per fish in 100 fish indiscriminately extracted from 10,000 fish each. Meat increase coefficient = total feed amount kg / meat increase amount kg That is, it refers to a ratio of feed required for meat increase per kg of body weight. Yield = Number of surviving tails on the measurement day / Number of tails at the start of breeding (10,000) Total number of dead fish: Total number of fish that died by the measurement day out of 10,000 at the start of breeding. Measurement date: December 31 for yearly fish, November 3 for yearly fish
0 days.

[0037]

[Table 3]

From the above Table 3, it can be seen that, with the feed of Example 1, the weight of the fish increased rapidly and the breeding of both the annual fish and the biennially fish was achieved with very little feeding compared to Comparative Examples 1 and 2. The number of dead fish during the period is extremely small, from half or less (comparative example 2) to about one-fifth (comparative example 1), so that the number of fish that can be shipped is as large as 10% to 18%, and the yield is good. From this point, it can be seen that the economic efficiency is high, such as low cost and high profit.

Macroscopic analysis: After the test fish was dissected, the presence of abnormalities in the muscle, liver and other organs immediately after the dissection was confirmed. As for the muscle, as shown in FIG. In both the first year fish and the second year fish, a remarkable difference was observed between the feed feeding groups of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. That is, the meat quality of Example 1 was higher than that of Comparative Example 1 with higher transparency. Also,
In the feed-feeding group of Comparative Example 2, although not as good as Comparative Example 1, the transparency of the meat quality was low and it could be clearly distinguished from Example 1. Regarding the liver, as apparent from FIG. 17, in both the first year fish and the second year fish, Example 1 was used.
In the feed-feeding group of Comparative Example 1, many individuals exhibited a beautiful reddish-brown color, whereas in each of the feed-feeding groups of Comparative Example 1, there were many yellowed individuals, and the fragility of the whole liver was remarkable. In addition, the number of the yellowing individuals in the feed-feeding group of Comparative Example 2 was also remarkable, though not as large as in Comparative Example 1.

Temporal color change of muscle: Dissect the test fish,
Immediately after the dissection, 24 hours and 30 hours later, the color tone change of the muscle was observed in three stages. As apparent from FIG. 18, in the feed feeding group of Example 1, 30 hours passed. Also, the gloss and transparency almost immediately after dissection were maintained, almost no discoloration was observed, and the freshness was sufficiently maintained. In the feed-feeding group of Comparative Example 1, after dissection, gloss and transparency were lost over time and darkening proceeded, and after 24 hours, almost dark red with little gloss was reached. In particular, discoloration in the blood meat was remarkable (see FIG. 18). Even in the feed group of Comparative Example 2,
As shown in FIG. 19, as time elapses after dissection, gloss and transparency are lost and darkening progresses, and after 24 hours, a dark red color with no gloss is reached. In particular, the discoloration of the blood meat was remarkable, and although it lasted longer than Comparative Example 1, almost the same decrease in freshness was observed.

Histopathological analysis: The back muscle, abdominal muscle and liver of the test fish were excised, fixed with a 10% formalin solution, stained with hematoxylin-eosin by a conventional method, and observed under a microscope. The result was obtained. FIG. 9 is a photomicrograph showing the cell structure of the back muscles in the feed feeding group of Example 1, FIG. 11 is a photomicrograph showing the back muscle cells in the feed feeding group of Comparative Example 1, and FIG. A micrograph showing hepatocellular tissue in one feed-fed group;
FIG. 15 is a micrograph showing the hepatocellular tissue in the feed-fed group of Comparative Example 1.

[0042]

[Table 4]

Vitamin E content in living body: For the test fish in Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2,
Dl-α-tocopherol acetate was extracted from the blood meat and liver according to the Japan Food Research Laboratories, and HPLC
When the vitamin E content in the yellowtail was analyzed using the method, the results shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 for the one-year fish and FIGS. 5 to 8 for the two-year fish were obtained.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, the back muscle (1
The content of vitamin E (in 00 g) is 0.85 mg (one year fish) to 1.26 mg (two year fish) in Comparative Example 1, whereas 8.45 mg (one year fish) in Example 1. ~ 1
It was 0.90 mg (two-year fish), which was 10 times (one year fish) to eight times or more (two years fish) of Comparative Example 1. In Comparative Example 2, 1.29 mg (one year fish), 1.5 mg (two year fish)
Example 1 is more than 6 times the annual fish compared to Comparative Example 2,
The content was more than 7 times in two-year fish. As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 6, vitamin E in blood meat (in 100 g)
In Comparative Example 1 is 1.26 mg (one year fish) to 1.
In contrast to 47 mg (two-year fish), in Example 1, it was 8.
The content was 59 mg (one-year fish) to 10.56 mg (two-year fish), and the content of both the one-year fish and the two-year fish was about 7 times that of Comparative Example 1. In Comparative Example 2, 1.90 mg (one year fish) to 2.2
It was 9 mg (two-year fish), and the content of Example 1 was 4.5 times or more the content of both the one-year fish and the two-year fish compared to Comparative Example 2. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 7, the content of vitamin E in the liver (in 100 g) is 21 mg (one year fish) to 27 mg (two year fish) in Comparative Example 1, whereas in Example 1, 180 mg (one year fish) to 214 mg (two year fish), 6 times that of Comparative Example 1 for one year fish, and about 8 times of Comparative Example 1 for two year fish
The content was twice as high. In Comparative Example 2, 3
The content was 2 mg (one year fish) to 39 mg (two year fish), and the content of Example 1 was 6 times or more for the first year fish and 5 times or more for the two year fish compared to Comparative Example 2. As a result, according to the EP feed of Example 1, the liver function, which has a great effect on the healthy growth of the fish, is maintained in a normal and active state. It can be seen that there is a remarkably large difference in effect from Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2.

Measurement of acid value of intramuscular fat: Fat was extracted from the back muscle of the test fish according to the Food Sanitation Inspection Guideline (RIKEN) and the acid value (AV) was measured. 4 and FIG. 8 were obtained. This AV refers to the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to neutralize free fatty acids contained in 1 g of fat, fatty oil and wax. In the feed feeding group of Example 1, 2.40 (one year fish) to 1.40.
6 (two-year fish), but in Comparative Example 1 it was 5.20 (one-year fish) to 4.8 (two-year fish), about two to three times that of Example 1. The degree of oxidation was shown. Further, in Comparative Example 2, the ratio is 4.30 (one year fish) to 3.92 (two year fish), which is about 1.7 times (one year fish) to 2.4 times (one year fish) as compared with that of Example 1. (Two-year-old fish). This indicates that, in Example 1, lipid metabolism was extremely excellent because of the feed to which vitamin E and vitamin C were added at high concentrations. On the other hand, in the case of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, it can be seen that the consumption of vitamin E by the lipid peroxide was large and that vitamin E was not accumulated.
In addition, since the edible muscle portion after shipment in Example 1 has a high concentration of vitamin E accumulated therein as described above, it is hard to be oxidized even if it is exposed to air after being processed into cuts such as sashimi. It can be seen that it has a remarkably freshness retaining ability as compared with 1 and 2.

Gustatory analysis: Monitor 5 selected indiscriminately
For 0 persons, the back sashimi of the test fish of each of the two year fish (collecting 24
After a tasting test of 46 hours, 46 persons answered that Example 1 had the same or better fleshy texture and no greasy feeling as the natural yellowtail, and 4 persons compared They answered that they could not be distinguished from those of Example 1 and Comparative Example 2.

Example 2 (1) As Example 2, an EP feed according to the present invention was prepared with the component composition shown in Table 5, and fed to cultured yellowtail by the following method. In the same manner as in Example 1, this EP feed was obtained by pressurizing, heating and kneading various kinds of vitamins and minerals with fish meal, fish oil, flour / α-starch, and formed into pellets having a particle size of 3 to 17 mm. Is artificially dried and solidified.

[0048]

[Table 5]

(2) Feeding method: 10,000 fish shrimp (fry yellowtail with a length of about 15 cm) at a farm in Kagoshima Prefecture
Was used as a test fish for the EP feed group in Example 2, and was fed under the same conditions as in Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 by the method shown in Table 2 and bred to two-year fish.

(3) As a result of analysis, the growth state of the test fish in the feed feeding group of Example 2 was as shown in Table 3 above.

From Table 3 above, it can be seen that the feed of Example 2 increased the body weight of both the annual fish and the biennilar fish rapidly by feeding much less than that of Example 1, and the number of dead fish during the breeding period. From about 1/5 or less (Comparative Example 2) to about 10
Extremely reduced to less than one-third (Comparative Example 1), the number of ships that can be shipped is also 18% to 26%, and the yield of nearly 100% has been achieved. Economic efficiency of low cost and high profit It can be seen that the height of is further improved. In addition, the increase in weight is remarkably remarkable, and it grows in super excellent healthy fish.

Macroscopic analysis: After dissection of the test fish, the muscle, liver and other organs were checked for the state immediately after dissection. As for the muscle, the feed feeding group of Example 2 There was a tendency that the transparency was much higher than in Example 1, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2. Regarding the liver, it was remarkable that in the group fed with the feed of Example 2, the number of individuals exhibiting uniform and beautiful reddish-brown was higher than that of Example 1.

Temporal color change of muscle: The test fish according to Example 2 was dissected, and the color change of the muscle was observed in two stages immediately after dissection (3 hours after) and 24 hours later. Even after 24 hours, gloss and transparency almost immediately after dissection were maintained, and almost no discoloration was observed (see FIG. 19).

Histopathological analysis: 10% after removing the back muscle, abdominal muscle and liver of the test fish according to Example 2
Fix with formalin solution, and use hematoxylin and
Eosin staining and microscopy gave the results in Table 6. FIG. 10 is a micrograph showing the cell structure of the abdominal muscle in the feed feeding group of Example 2, and FIG.
14 is a photomicrograph showing abdominal muscle cells in the food-feeding group of Example 2, FIG. 14 is a micrograph showing hepatocellular tissue in the food-feeding group of Example 2, and FIG. 16 is a hepatocyte tissue in the food-feeding group of Comparative Example 2. FIG.

[0055]

[Table 6]

Vitamin E content in vivo: For the test fish in Example 2, dl-α-tocopherol acetate was extracted from the back muscle and liver tissues according to the method of the Japan Food Research Laboratories, and purified using HPLC. When the content of vitamin E in the living body was analyzed, the results shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 for the one-year fish and FIGS. 5 to 8 for the two-year fish were obtained.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, the back muscle (1
The content of vitamin E (in 00 g) is 13.20 mg (one year fish) to 13.80 mg (two year fish) in Example 2.
It was 15 times or more (first year fish) to 11 times or more (two year fish) of Comparative Example 1. Also, as compared with Comparative Example 2, the content of Example 2 was 10 times or more for the first-year fish and 9 times or more for the 2-year fish. As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG.
The content of vitamin E (in 0 g) was 10.50 mg (one year fish) to 12.20 mg (two year fish) in Example 2, which was eight times or more that of Comparative Example 1. Also, the content of Example 2 was 5 times or more that of Comparative Example 2 for both the first year fish and the second year fish. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 7, the content of vitamin E in the liver (in 100 g) was 209 mg (one year fish) to 257 mg (two year fish) in Example 2.
Thus, the content was as high as about 10 times that of Comparative Example 1. The content was also 6.5 times or more as high as that of Comparative Example 2. As a result, according to the EP feed of Example 2, the liver function, which has a great effect on the healthy growth of the fish, is maintained in a normal and active state, as compared with Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 Further, it can be seen that there is a marked difference in umami and freshness retention from Comparative Example 2.

Measurement of acid value of intramuscular fat: Fat was extracted from the muscle of the back of the test fish according to Example 2 in accordance with the Food Sanitation Inspection Guideline (RIKEN), and its acid value (AV) was measured. 4 and FIG. 8 were obtained. In the feed feeding group of Example 2, it was 1.90 (one year fish) to 1.22 (two year fish), but in Comparative Example 1, it was 5.20 (one year fish) to 4.8 (two years fish). Fish), which is about 2.7 to 4 times that of Example 2.
It showed twice the degree of oxidation. In Comparative Example 2, 4.30
(Yearly fish) to 3.92 (yearly fish), exhibiting a high oxidation degree of about 2.2 times (yearly fish) to 3.2 times (yearly fish) compared to Example 2. . This indicates that lipid metabolism was extremely well performed in Example 2 because the diet was supplemented with vitamin E and vitamin C in a high concentration. On the other hand, in the case of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, it can be seen that the consumption of vitamin E by the lipid peroxide was large and there was no accumulation of vitamin E. In addition, since the edible muscle portion after shipment in Example 2 has a higher concentration of vitamin E than in Example 1, the edible muscle portion is more oxidized even if exposed to air after being processed into cuts such as sashimi. Hard to do,
It can be seen that it has a remarkably freshness holding ability as compared with Comparative Examples 1 and 2.

Taste analysis: Monitor 5 selected indiscriminately
The sashimi of the back of the three types of test fish of Example 2, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 (after 48 hours of sampling) was taste-tested for 0 persons. They answered that they had fresh meat texture equal to or higher than that of natural yellowtail, and that they had no crunch and no greasy feeling, and one person answered that there was no difference from those of Comparative Example 1 or Comparative Example 2. Was.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a comparative graph showing an analysis result showing an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a comparative graph showing an analysis result showing an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a comparative graph showing an analysis result showing an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a comparison graph showing an analysis result showing an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a comparative graph showing an analysis result showing an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a comparative graph showing an analysis result showing an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a comparison graph showing analysis results showing an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a comparison graph showing analysis results showing an embodiment according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a photomicrograph (× 400) showing “back muscle tissue of yellowtail” in the biological tissue of the feed feeding group according to Example 1.

FIG. 10 is a photomicrograph (× 400) showing “abdominal muscle tissue of yellowtail” in the biological tissue of the feed feeding group according to Example 2.

FIG. 11 is a photomicrograph (× 400) showing a biological tissue “back muscle tissue of yellowtail” in a feed feeding group according to Comparative Example 1.

12 is a photomicrograph (× 400) showing a biological tissue “abdominal muscle tissue of yellowtail” in a feed feeding group according to Comparative Example 2. FIG.

FIG. 13 is a photomicrograph (× 400) showing “liver tissue of yellowtail” in the biological tissue of the feed-fed group according to Example 1.

FIG. 14 is a photomicrograph (× 400) showing “liver tissue of yellowtail” in a living tissue of a feed feeding group according to Example 2.

FIG. 15 is a photomicrograph (× 400) showing “liver tissue of yellowtail” in a living tissue of a feed feeding group according to Comparative Example 1.

FIG. 16 is a photomicrograph (× 400) showing “liver tissue of yellowtail” in a biological tissue of a feed-fed group according to Comparative Example 2.

FIG. 17 is a photograph showing a comparison of the appearance of liver tissue in each feed-feeding group of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.

FIG. 18 is a photograph showing a comparison of changes in color tone over time after sampling of the edible muscle portion in each of the feed feeding groups of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.

FIG. 19 is a photograph showing a comparison of the change in color tone over time after sampling of the edible muscle portion in each of the feed feeding groups of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2.

 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Haruhisa Wago 883 Shimookutomi, Sayama-shi, Saitama F-term in Goto Aquaculture Research Institute Co., Ltd. 2B005 GA01 GA03 GA04 JA04 MA03 2B150 AA08 AB03 AB05 AE05 DE13 DE15

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A feed for cultivating fish, which comprises 30 mg to 300 mg of vitamin E in 100 g (dry feed) of the feed as an active ingredient. 2. A feed for raising cultured fish according to claim 1, wherein the feed contains 100 mg (dry feed) of vitamin E in an amount of 50 mg to 150 mg as an active ingredient. Feed for growing. 3. The feed for cultivating cultured fish according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a salt of L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate is used as an active ingredient additive having ascorbic acid activity. 10m in 100g of feed (dry feed)
A feed for cultivating cultured fish, comprising g to 50 mg. 4. A feed for cultivating fish according to claim 1, wherein said feed is formed into an EP feed. 5. A method of breeding cultured fish, comprising feeding a feed for raising cultured fish containing 30 mg to 300 mg of vitamin E in 100 g of feed (dry feed) as an active ingredient for at least two months during the breeding period. A method for breeding farmed fish, characterized in that: 6. The method for breeding cultured fish according to claim 5, wherein L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate salt is contained in an amount of 10 mg to 5 g in 100 g of feed (dry feed) as an active ingredient.
A method for breeding cultured fish, characterized in that it contains 0 mg to improve absorption and accumulation of vitamin E. 7. The method for breeding cultured fish according to claim 5, wherein vitamin E is used as an active ingredient.
50 mg / kg of fish body weight / day, and L-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate salt as an active ingredient
A method for breeding cultured fish, wherein the fish is fed to a saltwater cultured fish at a rate of mg to 10 mg / kg of fish body weight / day. 8. The method of breeding cultured fish according to claim 5, wherein said feeding is performed at least for 5 months before shipping.