JP2006010703A - 流体中のアナライトを検出するためのセンサアレイ - Google Patents
流体中のアナライトを検出するためのセンサアレイ Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】 電気的測定装置に電気的に接続された少なくとも第1の化学的感受性レジスタと第2の化学的感受性レジスタとからなり、流体中のアナライトを検出するためのセンサアレイであって、それらの化学的感受性レジスタのそれぞれが非導電性有機ポリマー及びその非導電性有機ポリマーと組成的に異なる導電性物質の混合物を含み;それぞれのレジスタが非導電性有機ポリマー及び導電性物質の前記混合物を通る電気経路、第1の濃度で第1の化学アナライトを含む第1の流体と接触したときに第1の電気抵抗、及び第2の相異なる濃度で該化学アナライトを含む第2の流体と接触したときに第2の電気抵抗を与え;第1の化学的感受性レジスタの第1の電気抵抗と第2の電気抵抗との差が、第2の化学的感受性レジスタの第1の電気抵抗と第2の電気抵抗との差と相異なる;ことを特徴とするセンサアレイ。
【選択図】 なし
Description
発明の分野
発明の分野は流体中のアナライト(被検体)を検出するための電気的センサである。
哺乳類臭覚系のアナログとして機能するセンサの開発に多大な興味がある(Lundstrom et a1.(1991)Nature 352:47−50;Shurmer and Gardner(1992)Sens.Act.B 8:1−11)。この臭覚系は単一の臭気を認識するために多くの異なるレセプターの確率能力(プロバビリステイック・レパートリイ)を利用すると考えられている。(Reed(1992)Neuron 8:205−209;Lancet and Ben−Airie(1993)Curr.Biol.3:668−674)。
Pearce et a1.(1993)Analyst 118:371−377;及びGardner et a1.(1994)Sensors and Actuators B 18−19:240−243には、ビールの香りを監視するためのポリピロールに基くセンサアレイを記載している。シャーマ(Shurmer)(1990)の米国特許No.4,907,441は特定の電気回路をもつ一般センサアレイを記載している。
それらの化学的感受性レジスタのそれぞれが、
非導電性有機ポリマー及びその非導電性有機ポリマーと組成的に異なる導電性物質の混合物を含み;
それぞれのレジスタが、非導電性有機ポリマー及び導電性物質の前記混合物を通る電気経路、
第1の濃度で第1の化学アナライトを含む第1の流体と接触したときに第1の電気抵抗、及び
第2の相異なる濃度で該化学アナライトを含む第2の流体と接触したときに第2の電気抵抗を与え;
第1の化学的感受性レジスタの第1の電気抵抗と第2の電気抵抗との差が、第2の化学的感受性レジスタの第1の電気抵抗と第2の電気抵抗との差と相異なる;ことを特徴とするセンサアレイ。
(項目2)第1の化学的感受性レジスタの非導電性有機ポリマーが第2の化学的感受性レジスタの非導電性有機ポリマーと相異なる項目1のセンサアレイ。
(項目3)導電性物質が無機導体である項目1のセンサアレイ。
(項目4)流体中のアナライトを検出するためのシステムであって、このシステムが;少なくとも第1の化学的感受性レジスタ及び第2の化学的感受性レジスタを含むセンサアレイを含み、それぞれの化学的感受性レジスタが非導電性有機ポリマー及びその非導電性ポリマーと組成的に異なる導電性物質の混合物を含み、それぞれのレジスタが非導電性有機ポリマー及び導電性物質の混合物を通る電気経路、第1の濃度で化学アナライトを含む第1の流体と接触したときに第1の電気抵抗、及び第2の相異なる濃度で該化学アナライトを含む第2の流体と接触したときに第2の相異なる第2の電気抵抗を与え、
第1の化学的感受性レジスタの第1の電気抵抗と第2の電気抵抗との差は、同一の条件下で第2の化学的感受性レジスタの第1の電気抵抗と第2の電気抵抗との差と相異なり、
さらに上記システムがそのセンサアレイに電気的に接続された電気的測定装置及び常駐アルゴリズムコンピュータを含み;
電気的測定装置が化学的感受性レジスタのそれぞれにおける第1及び第2の電気抵抗を検出し、そしてコンピュータがそれらの抵抗をセンサアレイ応答分布に集成することを特徴とする前記システム。
(項目5)第1の化学的感受性レジスタの非導電性有機ポリマーが第2の化学的感受性レジスタの非導電性有機ポリマーと相異なる項目4のシステム。
(項目6)導電性物質が無機導体である項目4のシステム。
(項目7)流体中のアナライトの存在を検出する方法であって、この方法が、少なくとも第1の化学的感受性レジスタ及び第2の化学的感受性レジスタを含むセンサアレイを用いて流体中のアナライトの存在を抵抗値で感知することからなり、化学的感受性レジスタのそれぞれが、非導電性有機ポリマー及びその非導電性有機ポリマーと組成的に異なる導電性物質の混合物を含み;各レジスタが非導電性有機ポリマーと導電性物質との前記混合物を通る電気経路、第1の濃度である化学アナライトを含む第1の流体と接触したときに第1の電気抵抗、及び第2の相異なる濃度でその化学アナライトを含む第2の流体と接触したときに第2の電気抵抗を与えることを特徴とする上記検出方法。
(項目8)第1の化学的感受性レジスタの非導電性有機ポリマーが第2の化学的感受性レジスタの非導電性有機ポリマーと相異なる項目7の方法。
(項目9)導電性物質が無機導体である項目7の方法。
(項目10)第1及び第2の抵抗のそれぞれは経時抵抗である項目7の方法。
本発明は流体中のアナライトを検出するための方法、装置及び精巧なシステムを提供する。本発明の装置は、第1及び第2の導電性素子(例:導電性リード)と、それらの導電性素子の間に電気経路を与える化学的に感受性のレジスタとを電気的に接続してなる化学センサを含んでいる。そのレジスタは複数の交番する非導電性領域(非導電性有機ポリマーからなる)及び導電性領域(導電性物質からなる)から構成されている。第1及び第2の導電性素子の間の電気経路は、該複数の交番非導電性及び導電性領域を横断(貫通)している。使用において、レジスタは、第1の濃度の化学アナライトを含む流体と接触したときと、第2の相異なる濃度の該化学アナライトを含む流体と接触したときとでは、それらの導電性素子の間の抵抗に差を与える。
本発明は電気測定装置と組合せて使用するための、流体中のアナライト検出用のセンサアレイを提供する。これらのアレイは複数の組成的に異なる化学センサを含んでいる。各センサは化学的に感受性のレジスタに電気的に接合され、そしてそのレジスタによって分離されている少なくとも第1及び第2の導電性リードを含んでいる。それらのリードは適宜な導電性物質、通常は金属であってもよく、信号:ノイズ強度を最小化するために櫛型組合せされていてよい。
それらの濃度及び所望の応答時間について適切であるセンサが選定されうる。さらなる最適化は、特定の条件下のアレイの性能へのフィードバックが得られるようになるにつれて、反復方式で実施されうる。
導電性、電気化学及び光学的測定のために用いたポリ(ピロール)フィルムは、(4.0mlの乾燥テトラヒドロフラン中の1.50mモル)のピロールのN2−パージされた溶液と(4.0mlのテトラヒドロフラン中の0.75mモル)のホスホモリブデン酸との同体積を、N2−パージされた試験管中に注入することにより調製した。その二つの溶液が混合されると、黄色のホスホモリブデン酸は暗緑色に変ったが、数時間は観察しうる沈澱を生じなかった。この溶液を1時間以内の混合でフィルム製造のために用いた。
センサ製造
可塑化されたポリ(ピロール)センサを、二つの溶液(すなわちその一つは5.0mlのテトラヒドロフラン中に0.29mモルのピロールを含み、他は5.0mlのテトラヒドロフラン中に0.25mモルのホスホモリブデン酸及び30mgの可塑剤を含むものであった)を混合することにより製造した。これら二つの溶液の混合物はピロール:可塑剤の2:3の重:重比となった。化学レジスタアレイ素子を枠付けするための安価な迅速な方法は、市販の22nFセラミックキャパシタ(ケメット・エレクトロニクス・コーポレーション)をゴバン目状に切断することにより達成された。これらのキャパシタの機械的スライ切断によって15μm分離された集積金属ライン(25%Ag:75%Pt)が現れたが、これらは導電性ポリマーによって容易に被覆することができた。次いでモノマー・可塑剤・オキシダント溶液を用いて、集積電極をディップコートして、重合された有機フィルムに強い電気コンタクトを設けた。重合が完結した後、フィルムは不溶性であり、溶剤(テトラヒドロフランまたはメタノール)ですすぎ洗いをして残留するホスホモリブデン酸及ぴ未反応モノマーを除去した。次いで、これらのセンサを市販バス片に接続し、その際に種々の「化学レジスタ」素子の抵抗をマルチプレクサ・デジタル抵抗計の使用によって容易にモニターした。
計装
IBM XTに接続したヒュウレッド・パッカード8452A分光光度計で光学スペクトルを得た。すべての電気化学実験は、プリンセトン・アプライド・リサーチ・Inc.173定電圧調節器/175ユニバーサルプログラマを用いて実施した。スピン・コーティングはヘッドウェイ・リサーチIncのホトレジスト・スピン・コータで実施した。フィルム厚はDektakモデル303プロファイロメータで測定した。導電性の測定はオスミウムチップ付き四点プローブ(アレッシ・インストルーメンツ・Inc.チップ間隙=0.050”、チップ半径=0.010”)で実施した。過渡抵抗測定は慣用マルチメータ(Flnke Inc.「Hydra Data Logger」メータ)で行なった。
この操作は相互マトリックスRを与え、その対角要素は1(単位)であり、その非対角要素はデータの相関係数であった。データの全変動は、かくしてRの対角要素の合計によって与えられた。n個の固有値及び対応するn個の特性値がかくしてRについて決定された。各特性値はn個の係数の一組を含み、それらは線型組合せによってデータを、そのn個の主要成分のうちの一つに変形するのに用いられた。対応する固有値は該主要成分に含まれた全変動率を与えた。この操作は、主要成分マトリックスPを与え、これは元のデータマトリックスと同じディメンジョンを有した。これらの条件下でマトリックスPの各列は、なお、ある特定の臭気と関連しており、そして各カラムはある特定の成分と関連していた。
ここにCは線型組合せのための係数を含むベクタであった。
2PY・+→PY2+2H+ (5)
H3PMo12O40+2e−+2H+→H5PMo12O40 (6)
酸化還元により駆動されまたは電気化学的に誘起されたピロールの重合は従前に検討されているが、典型的にはこの反応方法は不溶性の取扱い困難なポリ(ピロール)析出物を生成物として生じる(Salmon et a1.(1982)J.Polym.Sci.,Polym.Lett.20:187−193)。我々の解決手段は、H3PMo12O40酸化剤(E°=+0.36V vs.SCE)の低い濃度を使用することであった(Pope(1983)Heteropoly and Isopoly Oxometalates(Springer−Verlag,New York),Chap.4)。PY・+/PYの電気化学的ポテンシャル(E°=+1.30V vs.SCE) (Andrieux et a1.(1990)J.Am.Chem.Soc.112:2439−2440)は、H3PMo12O40/H5PMo12O40のものよりも高い(+)であるので、PY+・の平衡濃度、従って重合反応速度は稀薄溶液(0.19MのPY、0.09MのH3PMo12O40)では比較的低い。しかしながら、ピロールオリゴマーの酸化ポテンシャルが、単位の数が1か2そして3へ増加するにつれて+1.20Vから+0.55Vそして+0.26V(対SCE)へ低減すること、ならびにバルク状ポリ(ピロール)の酸化ポテンシャルが−0.10V(対SCE)で生じることが示された(Diaz et a1.(1981)J.Electroana1.Chem.121:355−361)。結果として、ホスホモリブデン酸によるピロールトリマーの酸化は熱力学的に優位であることが期待される。これはモノマー・酸化剤溶液の加工処理(すなわちスピンコーティング、ディップコーティング、可塑剤の導入等)を可能とし、その時間の後に薄フィルムを形成するための重合を、単に溶剤の蒸発によって実施した。ガラスのスライド板上にこの方法で作られたポリ(ピロール)フィルムのdc導電率は、過剰のホスホモリブデン酸及び/またはモノマーを除去するためのメタノールでのフィルムのすすぎ洗い後に、厚さ40〜100nmの範囲のフィルムについて15〜30 S・cm−1のオーダーであった。
**フィルムは過剰のホスホモリブデン酸除去のための洗浄をしなかった。
カーボンブラックに基くセンサアレイの製造及びテストセンサー製造
個々のセンサ素子は下記のようにして作った。各非導電性ポリマー(80mg:表4参照)を6mlのTHFに溶解した。
センサアレイ試験
カーボンブラックに基くセンサの性能を評価するために、20個もの素子を有するアレイを一連のアナライトに曝露した。一回のセンサ曝露は、(1)流動空気(6リットル/分)への60秒曝露、(2)空気(6リットル/分)とアナライトで飽和された空気(0.5リットル/分)との混合物への60秒曝露及び(3)センサアレイを流動空気(6リットル/分)に曝露する5分回復期間から構成された。素子の抵抗は曝露中に監視され、フィルムの厚さ及び化学仕上げに応じて250%もの大きな抵抗変化が、あるアナライトヘの応答で観察された。一つの実験において、一連の非導電性ポリマー(表4参照)で形成されたカーボンブラック複合体から構成された10素子センサを2日間にわたり、アセトン、ベンゼン、クロロホルム、エタノール、ヘキサン、メタノール及びトルエンに曝露した。これらのアナライトに対し合計58の曝露をこの時間内に実施した。すべての場合に、アナライトに応答しての抵抗の変化は正であり、アセトンを例外として可逆的であった(図8参照)。次いで最大の正変動を、ポリ(ピロール)に基くセンサについて記述されたのと同様な方法で主要成分分析に付した。図9は、10素子アレイ全体についての主要成分分析の結果を示している。トルエンとベンゼンとの重なり合いを例外として、アナライトは相互に区別された。
Claims (1)
- 流体中のアナライトを検出するためのセンサアレイ。
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/410,809 US5571401A (en) | 1995-03-27 | 1995-03-27 | Sensor arrays for detecting analytes in fluids |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP52959096A Division JP3963474B2 (ja) | 1995-03-27 | 1996-03-26 | 流体中のアナライトを検出するためのセンサアレイ |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2006010703A true JP2006010703A (ja) | 2006-01-12 |
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| JP52959096A Expired - Fee Related JP3963474B2 (ja) | 1995-03-27 | 1996-03-26 | 流体中のアナライトを検出するためのセンサアレイ |
| JP2005222200A Withdrawn JP2006010703A (ja) | 1995-03-27 | 2005-07-29 | 流体中のアナライトを検出するためのセンサアレイ |
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| JP52959096A Expired - Fee Related JP3963474B2 (ja) | 1995-03-27 | 1996-03-26 | 流体中のアナライトを検出するためのセンサアレイ |
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| EP (2) | EP0820585B1 (ja) |
| JP (2) | JP3963474B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR100389603B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN1179208C (ja) |
| AT (1) | ATE188291T1 (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU705825B2 (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2215332C (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE69605906T2 (ja) |
| DK (1) | DK0820585T3 (ja) |
| ES (1) | ES2144737T3 (ja) |
| FI (1) | FI973802A7 (ja) |
| GR (1) | GR3033092T3 (ja) |
| PT (1) | PT820585E (ja) |
| RU (1) | RU2145081C1 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO1996030750A1 (ja) |
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2005
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2207029A1 (en) | 2009-01-13 | 2010-07-14 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Gas sensor |
| JP2010164344A (ja) * | 2009-01-13 | 2010-07-29 | Nitto Denko Corp | 物質検知センサ |
| US8511142B2 (en) | 2009-01-13 | 2013-08-20 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Substance detection sensor |
| US8776579B2 (en) | 2009-01-13 | 2014-07-15 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Substance detection sensor |
| JP2012524911A (ja) * | 2009-04-24 | 2012-10-18 | ソバー ステアリング センサーズ リミテッド ライアビリティ カンパニー | 自動車両の運転者の血液中のエチルアルコールを干渉物質の存在下で経皮的かつ非侵襲的に検出及び測定するためのシステム及び方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1179208C (zh) | 2004-12-08 |
| JPH11503231A (ja) | 1999-03-23 |
| DE69605906T2 (de) | 2000-07-13 |
| US5959191A (en) | 1999-09-28 |
| CA2215332C (en) | 2006-11-21 |
| EP0820585A1 (en) | 1998-01-28 |
| PT820585E (pt) | 2000-06-30 |
| DE69605906D1 (de) | 2000-02-03 |
| CA2215332A1 (en) | 1996-10-03 |
| EP0950895A2 (en) | 1999-10-20 |
| KR100389603B1 (ko) | 2003-10-08 |
| US20040033165A1 (en) | 2004-02-19 |
| FI973802A0 (fi) | 1997-09-26 |
| MX9707351A (es) | 1998-03-31 |
| US20030159927A1 (en) | 2003-08-28 |
| FI973802A7 (fi) | 1997-09-29 |
| CN1184530A (zh) | 1998-06-10 |
| GR3033092T3 (en) | 2000-08-31 |
| WO1996030750A1 (en) | 1996-10-03 |
| US5571401A (en) | 1996-11-05 |
| ATE188291T1 (de) | 2000-01-15 |
| US5698089A (en) | 1997-12-16 |
| EP0820585B1 (en) | 1999-12-29 |
| DK0820585T3 (da) | 2000-06-19 |
| US6017440A (en) | 2000-01-25 |
| RU2145081C1 (ru) | 2000-01-27 |
| JP3963474B2 (ja) | 2007-08-22 |
| EP0950895A3 (en) | 2002-01-02 |
| AU705825B2 (en) | 1999-06-03 |
| ES2144737T3 (es) | 2000-06-16 |
| KR19990014748A (ko) | 1999-02-25 |
| AU5372896A (en) | 1996-10-16 |
| US6010616A (en) | 2000-01-04 |
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