JP2007109657A - 燃料電池のための多層高分子電解質膜 - Google Patents
燃料電池のための多層高分子電解質膜 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 68
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 60
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- AZUYLZMQTIKGSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[6-[4-(5-chloro-6-methyl-1H-indazol-4-yl)-5-methyl-3-(1-methylindazol-5-yl)pyrazol-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-2-yl]prop-2-en-1-one Chemical compound ClC=1C(=C2C=NNC2=CC=1C)C=1C(=NN(C=1C)C1CC2(CN(C2)C(C=C)=O)C1)C=1C=C2C=NN(C2=CC=1)C AZUYLZMQTIKGSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YSYRISKCBOPJRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-difluoro-2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxole Chemical compound FC1=C(F)OC(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)O1 YSYRISKCBOPJRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
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- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
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- RRZIJNVZMJUGTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(1,2,2-trifluoroethenoxy)ethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)OC(F)=C(F)F RRZIJNVZMJUGTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLTXWCKMNMYXEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)ethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)OC(F)(F)F BLTXWCKMNMYXEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVGGZQXYTIPHSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole Chemical compound CC1=C(C)OCO1 TVGGZQXYTIPHSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006310 Asahi-Kasei Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrifluoroethylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)Cl UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DOUHZFSGSXMPIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxidooxidosulfur(.) Chemical compound [O]SO DOUHZFSGSXMPIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012229 microporous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002493 poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
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Abstract
【解決手段】好ましい膜は、2層または3層の支持層を含有する。典型的な支持層には、発泡ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(ePTFF)などの発泡フルオロポリマー材料が含まれる。一実施形態において、ペルフルオロスルホン酸イオノマーが支持層の細孔へ吸収される。
【選択図】図1
Description
ポリクロロトリフルオロエチレンなどの過ハロゲン化ポリマーも使用することができるが、過フッ化支持体が熱および化学薬品に対して最大の耐性を有する。
無定形ポリマーのガラス転移温度は、膜の実際のポリマー、特にテトラフルオロエチレンまたは存在するかもしれない他のコモノマーの量で変わる。Tgの例は上記E.N.Squireの米国特許第4,754,009号の図1に示されており、少量のテトラフルオロエチレンコモノマーを有するテトラフルオロエチレンのコポリマーの約260℃から、少なくとも60モル%のテトラフルオロエチレンを含有するコポリマーの100℃未満にまで及んでいる。
−Tetratex(登録商標)1316/3108サンドイッチ
12.7cm(5インチ)×12.7cm(5インチ)平方のTetratex(登録商標)1316(厚さ0.01mm(0.4ミル)および平均細孔径0.07ミクロンの発泡PFTE膜)を、PFSAの分散体へ浸漬する。典型的な分散体には、Asahi Kaseiから入手できる当量900の5%溶液と、Nafion(登録商標)DE2020としてDuPontから入手できる当量1000を有する1−プロパノールのPFSAイオノマー水溶液中の20重量%固溶体とが含まれる。ePTFE膜支持構造物は、PFSAイオノマーを吸収するときに膨潤することが観察される。膨潤したフィルムを、次いでガラススライドに付着させることにより張力の下で乾燥させる。
〔実施例1b〕
実施例1aと類似の方法で、Aciplex 900 SSイオノマー(900当量)を吸収させた両方の層がTetratex1316の複合体構造物を作製する。2層は、90°において方向付けされている。
〔実施例1c〕
実施例1aと同様に、Aciplex 900 SSイオノマー(700当量)を吸収させた両方の層がTetratex3107である複合体構造物を作製する。層は、90°において方向付けされている。乾燥後、複合体は160℃で16時間熱処理される。複合体は、厚さ30ミクロンである。
〔実施例1d〕
これは、層1316がAciplexA−K700 SSイオノマー(700当量)を吸収させたものであることを除き、実施例1bと同様である。乾燥後、複合体はオーブン中で160℃において16時間アニールする。膜は、厚さ35ミクロンである。
〔実施例2a〕
〔実施例2b〕
〔実施例2c〕
(比較例2)
比較例2において、PFSAを吸収した厚さ18ミクロンの単層ePTFE膜(Tetratex1316 1層)を、実施例2と同じ燃料電池構成において試験する。電流密度0.2A/cm2において電池電圧は実施例2の値と同じであるが、一方電流密度2A/cm2においては、電流密度0.45Vである。電流密度の範囲を通しての高周波抵抗は、0.07〜0.09ohm*cm2である。
〔実施例3〕
実施例1bのTetratex1316/Aciplex(Asahi−Kasei 900SS)サンドイッチ膜の引裂き試験は、単層の場合の18MPaに対して64MPaの「引裂き弾性率(tear modulus)」値を示し、単層支持膜の149kJ/m2に対して933kJ/m2の破断に至るエネルギーを示す。23℃および30%相対湿度において、Tetratex1316/Aciplex 900SSサンドイッチ膜は、単層支持膜(括弧内に示す値)と比較して、82mPaの引張応力(対35mPa)、49mPaの降伏応力(対18mPa)、926MPaの弾性率(対418MPa)、37%の伸び率(対171%)、および9%の降伏応力(対6%)を示す。
2 イオノマー
3 接合部分
13 膜−電極−集合体(MEA)
14 膜−電極−集合体(MEA)
15 膜−電極−集合体(MEA)
16 バイポーラ分離板
18 バイポーラ分離板
20 端子分離板、端部接触端子板要素
22 端子分離板、端部接触端子板要素
24 電気的に活発なサイド
26 電気的に活発なサイド
28 電気的に活発なサイド、作業面
30 電気的に活発なサイド、作業面
31 作業面
32 アルミ製固定板
33 作業面
34 ガス拡散層
36 カソード側
38 アノード側
40 貯蔵タンク
42 供給配管
44 貯蔵タンク
46 供給配管
48 供給配管
50 排気流
54 凝縮器
56 貯水槽
60 ファン
61 供給導管
Claims (22)
- プロトン交換膜(PEM)燃料電池におけるプロトン交換膜として使用するのに適した多層複合膜であって、イオノマーを吸収した支持構造物の2層以上の隣接層を含み、
前記支持構造物が、多孔性微細構造を有するフルオロポリマー材料を含み、
前記イオノマーがプロトン輸送基を含有するポリマーを含む、多層複合膜。 - 前記イオノマーが、ペルフルオロスルホン酸ポリマーを含む、請求項1に記載の複合膜。
- 前記フルオロポリマー材料が、テトラフルオロエチレンのホモポリマーを含む、請求項1に記載の複合膜。
- 前記フルオロポリマー材料が、テトラフルオロエチレンのコポリマーを含む、請求項1に記載の複合膜。
- 請求項1に記載のプロトン交換膜を含む膜電極集合体。
- 請求項5に記載の膜電極集合体を含む燃料電池。
- PEM燃料電池での使用に適した膜電極集合体であって、
カソード、
アノード、
前記カソードとアノードの間に配置されたプロトン交換膜を含み、
前記プロトン交換膜が多層複合体を含み、
前記複合体が複数の発泡フルオロポリマー支持層およびイオノマー高分子、ポリマー凝集体、または前記支持層の細孔に吸収されたペルフルオロスルホン酸ポリマーの粒子を含む、膜電極集合体。 - 前記プロトン交換膜が2層の支持層を含有する、請求項7に記載の膜電極集合体。
- 前記プロトン交換膜が3層の支持層を含有する、請求項7に記載の膜電極集合体。
- 前記プロトン交換膜の厚さが約50ミクロンまでの、請求項7に記載の膜電極集合体。
- 前記支持層が発泡ePTFEを含む、請求項7に記載の膜電極集合体。
- 前記支持層が、40〜95%の多孔度を有する多孔性フルオロカーボンポリマーを含む、請求項7に記載の膜電極集合体。
- 前記支持層が、約0.1から約8秒までのガーレー数を有する多孔性フルオロカーボンポリマーを含む、請求項7に記載の膜電極集合体。
- 前記支持層がePTFEおよびPFSAポリマーを含み、前記PFSAが700から1100までの当量を有する、請求項7に記載の膜電極集合体。
- 請求項7に記載の膜電極集合体を含む燃料電池。
- 請求項15に記載の複数の燃料電池を含む燃料電池スタック。
- 電気駆動モーターの使用における作動用起電力を供給するためのPEM燃料電池を作動させる方法であって、PEM燃料電池のアノードに水素を含む反応ガスを供給し、カソードに酸素を含む酸化ガスを供給するステップを含み、
前記燃料電池が、イオノマー粒子を吸収した支持構造物の2層以上の隣接層を含むプロトン交換膜を含み、
前記支持構造物が多孔性微細構造を有するフルオロポリマー材料を含み、
前記イオノマーが、プロトン輸送基を含有するポリマーを含む方法。 - 前記イオノマーがペルフルオロスルホン酸を含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記支持層が発泡ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(ePTFE)を含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記支持層が35〜95%の多孔度を有する、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記支持層が、ガーレー装置を使用して決定した約0.1から約8秒までのガーレー時間によって特徴付けられる多孔性フルオロポリマーを含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
- 前記高分子電解質プロトン交換膜が、約50ミクロンまでの厚さを有する、請求項17に記載の方法。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/250,851 US20070087245A1 (en) | 2005-10-14 | 2005-10-14 | Multilayer polyelectrolyte membranes for fuel cells |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| JP2007109657A true JP2007109657A (ja) | 2007-04-26 |
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| JP2006278447A Pending JP2007109657A (ja) | 2005-10-14 | 2006-10-12 | 燃料電池のための多層高分子電解質膜 |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20070087245A1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP2007109657A (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN1949574B (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE102006048403A1 (ja) |
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| CN101789516A (zh) * | 2010-03-18 | 2010-07-28 | 上海交通大学 | 自支撑三明治结构复合质子导电膜及其制备方法 |
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| JP2014067605A (ja) * | 2012-09-26 | 2014-04-17 | Nitto Denko Corp | 高分子電解質膜およびそれを用いた燃料電池 |
| US12230850B2 (en) | 2017-06-15 | 2025-02-18 | W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc. | Highly reinforced ionomer membranes for high selectivity and high strength |
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| JP2022550526A (ja) * | 2019-12-26 | 2022-12-02 | コーロン インダストリーズ インク | 高分子電解質膜、これを含む膜-電極アセンブリー、及びその耐久性測定方法 |
| US12166252B2 (en) | 2019-12-26 | 2024-12-10 | Kolon Industries, Inc. | Polymer electrolyte membrane, membrane-electrode assembly including same, and method for measuring durability thereof |
| JP2023532660A (ja) * | 2020-12-30 | 2023-07-31 | コーロン インダストリーズ インク | 高分子電解質膜及びこれを含む膜電極アセンブリー |
| JP7576110B2 (ja) | 2020-12-30 | 2024-10-30 | コーロン インダストリーズ インク | 高分子電解質膜及びこれを含む膜電極アセンブリー |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20070087245A1 (en) | 2007-04-19 |
| CN1949574A (zh) | 2007-04-18 |
| CN1949574B (zh) | 2010-09-01 |
| DE102006048403A1 (de) | 2007-04-19 |
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