JP2008237902A - 椎間スペーサ - Google Patents
椎間スペーサ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2008237902A JP2008237902A JP2008063189A JP2008063189A JP2008237902A JP 2008237902 A JP2008237902 A JP 2008237902A JP 2008063189 A JP2008063189 A JP 2008063189A JP 2008063189 A JP2008063189 A JP 2008063189A JP 2008237902 A JP2008237902 A JP 2008237902A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- bone
- fixture
- balloon
- intramedullary
- intervertebral
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
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- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
- A61F2002/30316—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
- A61F2002/30535—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
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- A61F2/46—Special tools for implanting artificial joints
- A61F2/4603—Special tools for implanting artificial joints for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof
- A61F2002/4625—Special tools for implanting artificial joints for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof with relative movement between parts of the instrument during use
- A61F2002/4627—Special tools for implanting artificial joints for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof with relative movement between parts of the instrument during use with linear motion along or rotating motion about the instrument axis or the implantation direction, e.g. telescopic, along a guiding rod, screwing inside the instrument
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61F2210/00—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2210/0014—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol
- A61F2210/0019—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol operated at only one temperature whilst inside or touching the human body, e.g. constrained in a non-operative shape during surgery, another temperature only occurring before the operation
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- A61F2210/00—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2210/0014—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol
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- A61F2210/0033—Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof using shape memory or superelastic materials, e.g. nitinol operated at different temperatures whilst inside or touching the human body, heated or cooled by external energy source or cold supply electrically, e.g. heated by resistor
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Abstract
【解決手段】 スペーサ125もしくは130には一連の細孔部もしくは空隙部120をその表面に設ける。これら細孔部120(これらは円形、矩形または他の任意の形状である)は、細孔中への骨成長を可能にして脊椎安定性を向上させ、最終的に隣接脊椎間の融合を指令すると共にスペーサを所定位置にする。突出部もしくはスパイク153を設けることもでき、これらは骨表面に侵入すると共にスペーサの固定および安定化を支援する。
【選択図】 図12
Description
骨折部の修復に使用する髄内固定具は当業界にて周知されている。一般に、長く狭いネイルの形態を有するこの種の固定具は骨の髄内キャビティに長手方向に挿入されて、重大な骨折部の2つもしくはそれ以上のセクションを互いに接続すると共に合体ブレースすることにより治癒を促進する。
は、髄内キャビティの内側に可撓性かつ膨脹性のブラダーを用いる長い骨の骨折部の固定方法を記載している。小開口部を骨に穿設し、ブラダーを穴を介して髄内キャビティに挿入する。次いでブラダーを無菌空気で膨脹させると共に封止して骨を固定する。骨折部が治癒した後、ブラダーを縮ませて除去する。
大きい骨の骨折部に加え、長く小さい骨の骨折も極めて一般的に生ずる。しかしながら、骨折部安定化と共に早期の運動性を可能にする簡単な処置は現在可能でない。
上記した多くの骨固定に関する特許は異なる金属装置(すなわちニチノール(登録商標)、チタニウムなど)の移植を含む。他の可能性は、拡大性髄内骨固定具として着脱自在な膨脹性バルーンを使用することである。バルーンにより骨固定するための特許が今日存在するが、これらは髄内ネイリングを与えない。これらは一方の骨折部を他の骨折部の方向へ引張る際にしか接合作用を与えない。これらの例は米国特許第5,423,850号および第5,480,400号(上記)を包含する。
椎間板切除およびスペーサ設置
背疼痛は、しばしば円板病理学および脊椎不安定性に起因する広範な病気である。現在、脊椎融合の選択処置は円板除去に続く、ネジを使用し或いは使用しない椎間スペースへのプレートの移植を含む(たとえば米国特許第5520690号、米国特許第5522816号および米国特許第5529899号参照)。さらに、この手順は椎間スペースにおける骨移植体の移植をも含む。
さらに円板切除法は椎間スペースにスペーサを介装して、脊椎融合が骨形成により達成されるまで脊椎を支持することを含む。現存するスペーサは、椎間領域に保持するのに必要とされるスペースに応じ一定の直径にて作成される。ネジを回転させて拡大する或る種のスペーサも開示されているが、これは上方向および下方向にのみ拡大し、従ってまだ大きい挿入プロフィルを有する。これは最小浸襲性技術にて経皮的に装置を挿入することができない。以下一層詳細に検討するように、小直径にて形成されると共に移植されると半径方向に拡大しうるスペーサもしくは人工器具につきニーズが存在する。さらに同じく下記に検討するように、上記各方法で使用すべく同じく経皮的に機能しうるような椎間組織抽出器についてもニーズが存在する。
椎間板人工器具
椎間板人工器具も当業界にて公知である。この種の人工器具は一般に、スペースから円板物質の全部もしくは1部を除去した後に椎間スペースに挿入される。
レイ等に係る米国特許第4,772,287号および第4,904,260号(参考のためここに引用する)は、一般に円筒形状を有すると共に円板物質の性質と同様な性質を有するゲル物質を含有した人工器具円板カプセルを記載している。円板物質の1部を除去した後、2個のこの種の人工器具カプセルを円板スペースに移植し、1個は脊椎の矢状軸のいずれかの側に移植する。これらカプセルは収縮状態で移植し、次いでゲルにより隣接椎骨を離間保持するのに充分な圧力まで膨脹させることができる。
本発明の目的は、手および足の指節骨または他の小骨の骨折部を固定するための装置および方法を提供することにある。
本発明の目的は、経皮的骨および脊椎の安定化、固定および修復のための装置および方法を提供することにある。
本発明による幾つかの特徴の目的は、短時間の固定にて骨の運動性を可能にする髄内固定のための装置および方法を提供することにある。
本発明の他の特徴の目的は、髄内固定の後の術後感染の危険を減少させることにある。
さらに本発明の目的は、装置を膨脹および収縮させるための弁を有する固定装置を提供することにある。
さらに本発明の目的は、骨の内表面に装置を固定するための固定具材を有する髄内装置を提供することにある。
さらに本発明の目的は、椎間組織の剔出および椎間スペーサの設置を含む椎間脊椎融合を処置するための最小浸襲性の方法および装置を提供することにある。
本発明の目的は、椎間板スペースに移植するための改良円板人工器具を提供することにある。
さらに本発明の目的は、第2回目の手術過程を必要とせずに移植後に寸法を長く増大させうる人工器具を提供することにある。
ことにある。
本発明の他の目的は、以下の説明および図面を参照して明らかとなるであろう。
骨固定装置および方法の種類
グループI:自己拡大性移植体。自己拡大性移植体および関連方法は、移植体材料自身の内部に蓄えられたエネルギーを用いて、保持メカニズムもしくは抑制力が移植体から解放された際に移植体材料がその初期形状および/または直径に復帰するようにする。好適具体例において、材料は移植に際し使用すべく小直径に拘束されると共に、移植後には骨を固定すべく大直径まで移行する。この方法の実施はたとえばニチノールのような応力誘発マルテンサイトの性質を利用する形状記憶を示す材料を用いるのが好適であるが、他の材料も使用することができる。用いる保持メカニズムを装置中へ或いはその周囲に一体化することができる。
(1)熱。各種の材料および/または材料の形状を用いることができ、ここでは移植体に外熱(機械的供給源または体熱自身)を加えて移植体の形状を変化させる。好適具体例において、これは移植体材料の性質から生ずる。特に形状記憶合金を用いて、装置が小直径から大直径まで新たな形状を得るようにすることができる。
(3)バルーン装置。第3シリーズの外力具体例において、移植体装置はそれ自身バルーンである。このバルーン装置は、バルーン内部に液体を挿入することにより装置直径を拡大させることにより液圧を用いて膨脹させる。これら具体例において、密封バルーン内の流体の圧力はエネルギーを与えてバルーンをその拡大形状に支持する。
グループIII。固相形成装置。これら装置においては、固化する(たとえば重合により)材料をバルーン中へ挿入して新たな形状を有する固体を形成させる。この材料は2−成分セメント特性を有することができ、エポキシもしくはポリマーで形成することができる。この材料をバルーン中に圧入し、温度もしくは湿度の変化により固化させる。
ここに開示するように、これら種類の各装置および方法を髄内もしくは椎間処置に使用することができる。さらに本発明の種々異なる具体例につき以下別々のセクションで検討するが、各セクションの開示は相互に補完すると共に相関することを意味することが了解されよう。従って、ここに示す各具体例の開示は、他の具体例の開示にも該当しかつ補充することができる。本発明の例として、各種の異なる骨治療装置および方法につき以下一層詳細に説明する。
本発明の髄内固定具の具体例においては、半径方向拡大性の髄内固定具を骨折部に経皮挿入する。固定具は髄質キャナルより直径が小さい骨における穴を介して挿入される。好適具体例において、固定具は好ましくは注射器を用い骨折部の端部を介し髄質中に挿入される。挿入に対し固定具は閉鎖形状、すなわち第1減少直径に維持される。固定具は、これが骨における骨折部位にわたり延在するよう挿入される。固定具を骨内に適正に設置した後、注射器を抜き取る。固定具は骨内に外方突出部なしに全体的に設置するのが極めて好ましい。
本発明の好適具体例による固定具は、一般にベラおよびカールによる上記論文に記載されたような、この目的につき使用されるK−ワイヤよりもずっと堅固に骨を固定する。本発明の固定具は、K−ワイヤの場合のような複数の穴でなく、髄内挿入のための骨における1個のみの穴の形成しか必要としない。
本発明の他の具体例において固定具は複数のリーフを備え、これらリーフを各リーフの内側端部が一般に固定具の中心長手軸線から半径方向外方に延びるように屈曲させる。リーフは一般に螺旋状で軸線に沿って配置され、各リーフは軸における基準点に対し異なる角度で、軸方向に隣接する1枚もしくはそれ以上の他のリーフから外方向に延びる。好ましくは各リーフの外側端部は半径方向内方に湾曲する。固定具を骨中へ挿入する前、リーフを内方に屈曲させて固定具を圧縮することにより、狭い一般にチューブ形状を形成させる。保持装置(好ましくはピン)を次いでチューブ形状の軸線に沿って挿入し、内方湾曲したリーフの外側端部を係合保持すると共にその半径方向拡大を防止する。固定具が髄内キャビティに挿入された後、ピンを抜き取るとリーフは半径方向外方に弾撥復帰して、内側骨表面に係合すると共に固定具を所定位置に固定する。
本発明の他の具体例において、同じ髄内骨固定具は膨脹性バルーンで作成される。
本発明の他の具体例においては、固定具自身をバルーンで構成し、これを髄内キャビティに挿入する。バルーンは柔軟性かつ生物適合性プラスチック、たとえば当業界で知られたダクロン(登録商標)布地のチューブから形成することができ、その遠位端部にて密閉する。
バルーンを位置決定すると共にスリーブおよび注射器を抜き取った後、バルーンを膨脹させると共に膨脹装置を脱着させてこれも抜き取る。スリーブなしに案内ワイヤを用いて或いは用いずに、同じ手順を行うこともできる。
好ましくは固化性流体はバルーン内で重合するモノマー材料または代案としてたとえばエポキシのような2−成分セメントで構成する。この種の固化用流体材料は当業界にて公知である。流体固化は好ましくは、骨髄質内の温度および/または湿度の増加により触媒される。
幾つかの好適具体例において、バルーンは内部構造体(たとえば弾力性長手ワイヤを備えることもできる。これらワイヤは金属から加工することができ、バルーンの内側の下まで長手方向に延ばすことができる。バルーンを収縮させる際、構造体はバルーンを狭い延びた実質的に閉鎖形状に保持して、骨中へのバルーンの挿入を容易化させる。バルーンが挿入されて膨脹した後、構造体は特に剪断力に対し固定具に追加機械強度を付与する。これは、バルーンが髄内スペースにて膨脹されると弾性および骨固定具の強度を付与する。
本発明のこれら具体例による骨固定のための固定具および方法は、骨折した長い骨もしくは短い骨の固定につき有利である。たとえば本発明の固定具は腕、脚部、手もしくは足の骨の固定につき使用することができる。たとえば、これらは手指もしくは足指の指節骨、大腿骨、上腕部、中手骨、中足骨、頸骨、腓骨などの固定につき使用することができる。本発明による固定具は必要とされる骨折部の必要寸法に当業者により容易に適合させうることが了解されよう。
脊髄融合
脊椎融合の好適具体例においては、中空注射器を画像形成技術により椎間スペース内に背中を介して挿入する。次いで椎間組織侵食部材を注射器内腔を介して挿入する。各具体例には軟質組織をその近傍で侵食する侵食用部材を設ける。この装置は、たとえば切断刃を持ったオルブ(olb)のような侵食用部材を取り付けうるブラシまたは回転ワイヤの設計とすることができる。侵食用部材(ブラシ、回転ワイヤもしくはオルブのいずれであっても)の回転は、侵食用部材の近傍にて軟質組織の侵食をもたらす。軟質組織を侵食すると、椎間組織抽出器が次いで侵食椎間組織を吸引するか或いは除去して、椎間スペーサを骨移植体と共に挿入するスペースを形成する。吸引または除去は、抽出器回転シャフトの長手中心内腔または他の任意の所望の内腔を介する減圧により達成される。さらに吸引もしくは除去は、抽出装置の反対方向にて回転する或いはそのまま留まって残留する組織を採取する同じ内腔内のネジによって行うこともできる。
椎間スペースに挿入して挿入注射器を外すと、椎間スペーサはその自己拡大特性に基づき直径拡大し、或いはエキスパンダーにより拡大させて脊椎を固定すると共に支持する。多孔質設計に基づきスペーサはさらに2つの隣接脊椎の骨融合を可能にし、これは骨成長因子を用い或いは用いずに骨移植体の介装により促進される。
椎間板人工器具
本発明の他の具体例においては、生物適合性布地で作成されたバルーンを備える円板人工器具を設ける。バルーンは入口ポートを備え、これを膨脹チューブに接続する。好ましくは布地はたとえばダクロンもしくはゴア−テックス(登録商標)のような不活性合成材料からなっている。代案として或いは追加的に、布地は当業界で知られた生物吸収性材料、或いは不活性材料と生物吸収性材料との組合せで構成することもできる。さらに好ましくは、人工器具は丈夫な弾性補強構造体、たとえば布地を織り込んだステンレス鋼ワイヤを備える。さらに、バルーンは肉薄の金属を有することもでき、挿入して膨脹に際し拡大(上方向もしくは下方向)すると圧縮される。さらに円板人工器具は相互接続された膨脹性部材の複合体で作成することもでき、これは膨脹すると急速に上下に拡大し、各チューブ間に設けられたスペースが骨成長を可能にする。
好ましくは、粗面の多孔質表面を有するよう布地を織って、人工器具に隣接する脊椎骨の布地中への成長を促進させる。この種の成長は骨と人工器具との間の緊密結合部を形成する。さらに好ましくは、たとえば患者の骨盤骨から採取された磨砕骨物質を布地の表面に展延して骨成長をさらに促進させる。結局、人工器具の反対側における2つの脊椎が一般に人工器具の周囲かつこれを貫通して成長すると共に互いに融合する。骨成長の期間に際し、人工器具の存在は脊椎を適する間隔および相互の配向に保持する。
1具体例において、円筒形状のチューブを経皮挿入する。他の具体例においては、ドウナッツ形状(すなわちトロイド形状)の円板を挿入し、その内側スペースに骨移植体を満たす。他の具体例においては、三次元の蜂巣形状の構造体を、好ましくはマルチチューブ膨脹により拡大すべく形成させる。この蜂巣形状の構造体は好ましくは連続気泡を有して、構造体に対する骨成長を容易化させる。
本発明の具体例につき最小浸襲性の経皮脊椎処置に関し説明したが、本発明の原理に従う円板人工器具を当業界で知られた他の手術法を用いて同様に移植しうることも了解されよう。
図面の簡単な説明
図1は本発明の好適具体例に従う自己拡大性髄内固定具の斜視図である。
図2Bは本発明の好適具体例に従う第2開口形状における図2Aの固定具を示す断面図である。
図3A〜3Cは本発明の好適具体例に従う骨折部の固定に際し図1の固定具の使用を示す断面図である。
図4Bは本発明の好適具体例に従う閉鎖形状における図4Aの固定具を示す断面図であり、保持ピンを固定具の中心軸線に沿って挿入する。
図5Aは本発明の好適具体例による開口形状における他の自己拡大性髄内固定具の端面図である。
図5Cは本発明の好適具体例による内部保持ピンを有する閉鎖形状における図5Aの固定具の断面図である。
図6は本発明の好適具体例による非膨脹状態にある髄内バルーン固定具の略図である。
図8Aおよび8Bはそれぞれ本発明の好適具体例による収縮形状における膨脹性髄内固定具の側面図および断面図である。
図9Aおよび9Bはそれぞれ本発明の好適具体例による膨脹形状における膨脹性髄内固定具の断面図および斜視図である。
図11は本発明の好適具体例による機械的に高さを変化させうる骨固定装置の断面図である。これは閉鎖形状(図11a)および開口形状(図11b)にて示される。この装置はその接合部にヒンジを備え、或いは可塑変形を受けるジョイントを備えることができる。
図13Aは本発明の好適具体例による椎間骨スペーサおよび髄内骨固定具の断面図である。
図13Cは複数の固定メカニズムを持って拡大状態で示した図13A〜Bの装置の改変型の断面図である。
図14Aは本発明の好適具体例による椎間板人工器具の平面図である。
図14Bは図14Aに示した人工器具の断面図である。
図16は本発明の好適具体例による円板スペースにおける図14Aおよび14Bの人工器具の設置を示す前額面における断面図である。
図17Aは本発明の好適具体例による円板スペース内における図14Aおよび14Bの人工器具の膨脹を示す図16の前額面における断面図である。
図18A、18Bおよび18Cはそれぞれ本発明の他の好適具体例による円板人工器具(膨脹メカニズムの1部を含む)の断面図、平面図および斜視図である。
図19は本発明の好適具体例による骨固定および椎間離間のための各種の方法および装置を要約する図面である。
図21は弁を有する髄内固定装置の他の好適具体例の図面である。図21Aは装置の長手断面図である。図21Bは図21Aの装置の断面図であり、この装置は圧縮形状にて示され、図21AのA−A線断面図である。図21Cは図21Bの装置の拡大形状の断面図であって、これも21AのA−A線断面図である。
図22Aは本発明による髄内ネイルの他の具体例の2つの断面図である。収縮形状もしくは拡大形状(もしくは状態)の両断面図を図面に示し、これら収縮形状および拡大形状は比較の目的で重ね合わせる。
図23は本発明の追加具体例として設けうる正中長手キャナルを示す。このキャナルは案内ワイヤに固定具を位置せしめて位置決めを容易化させるべく設けられる。図23Aは内部にキャナルを有する固定具の斜視図であり、図23Bは貫通して延びるキャナルを示す固定具の略図である。
発明および好適具体例の詳細な説明
本発明の特徴を図面、以下の説明および請求の範囲を参照してさらに示し、これらは各種の好適具体例における本発明の開示をさらに与える。
固定具20は好ましくは弾力性かつ生物適合性の材料、好ましくは超弾性材料もしくは形状記憶材料(当業界にて公知)の2枚のシート22および24で構成される。ニチノールが好適である。代案として固定具は他の生物適合性金属(たとえばチタニウム)またはプラスチックもしくはポリマー材料から作成することもできる。
次いで固定具を骨の内側で開放し、シート22および24の弾力性によりこれらを拡大状態まで部分的に巻き戻し(図2Bに一般的に示す)、固定具20が半径方向外方に拡大して図2Bに示した増大直径を占めるようにする。
本発明の好適具体例によるこの種の固定具の半径方向自己拡大の原理を示す。説明を簡単
にするため、固定具36は自己拡大性材料(好ましくは弾性材料)の1枚のみのシート3
8で構成する。固定具20および36により例示されるように本発明の原理に基づく髄内
固定具は1枚、2枚もしくはそれ以上の自己拡大性材料のシートで構成し、図1、2Aお
よび2Bに示したように互いに巻回しうることが了解されよう。
シート38はたとえば当業界で知られたように作成されるニチノールのような形状記憶材料で構成して図2Bに示した開口形状を有するようにし、体温にて一般にオーステナイト状態にすることができる。しかしながら、図2Aに示した閉鎖形状にて、巻回シート38にて及ぼされる力は好ましくは材料を応力誘発マルテンサイトの状態にする。この状態にて材料は比較的柔軟性かつ弾力性であって、固定具36を骨中へ容易に挿入させる。固定具が骨の内側で図2Bに示した開口形状まで拡大するとシート38における応力が減少し、材料はその正常な実質的に剛性オーステナイト状態に戻る。この状態における材料の剛性は骨の堅固な固定を容易化させる。
代案として、皮膚および軟質組織を介し小切開部を作成して骨を可視化させることもでき、さらにカニューレを貫通挿入すべく骨に穴を穿設することもできる。この種の穴の穿設は、特にたとえば上腕骨のような大きい骨につき本発明の好適具体例による固定具を挿入するための好適方法である。さらに、固定具を挿入する前の穴の穿設は骨が治癒した後に所望に応じ固定具を一層容易に除去させる。
固定具の自己拡大は、シート22および24の湾曲縁部26および28(固定具36の39)を骨折部位44の両側にわたり骨42の内表面49に対し半径方向外方に押圧する。この力は固定具を所定位置に固定すると共に、骨折部の各セクションの相対移動を防止する。シート22および24が上記形状記憶材料からなる本発明の幾つかの好適具体例において、プランジャ43は必要に応じ固定具20を臨界温度より高く加熱する加熱用部材で構成することができる。
図4Aは実質的に開口した形状にて固定具50を示し、これは骨内に位置して拡大させうる固定具が占める形状である。
上記したように固定具50は所望に応じ形状記憶材料で作成することができ、この形状記憶材料はその正常なオーステナイト状態にて実質的な剛性を有する開口形状を維持する。ストラット54を屈曲させるとこれらは応力誘発マルテンサイトの状態となり、ピン56が除去される際に応力が除去されてオーステナイト状態に復帰する。上記したように、所望ならばこの装置をシースもしくはスリーブ(たとえば拡大性かつ柔軟性ポリマー)で覆って、骨成長を防止することもできる。
本発明の好適具体例によれば、図5Aは自己拡大精髄内固定具60の開放形状における端面図である。固定具60は好ましくは上記したような弾力性材料、より好ましくは超弾性材料で形成される。この固定具は、固定具の軸線30を中心とする螺旋パターンにて半径方向外方に延びる複数のリーフ62、66、68、70、72、74、76および78を備え、これらリーフは中心のほぼチューブ状部分63から延在する。図面に示したように、これらリーフのそれぞれは軸線30の周囲に異なる角度で(外周に対しゼロ度)で位置する箇所まで軸線から延びる単一基準線(図示せず)から測定にて外方向に延在する。図5Aの拡大形状において、各リーフは骨折部の髄内キャビティの内表面(たとえば図3A〜3Cに示したキャビティ40の表面49)に係合して、固定具60を所定位置に保持すると共に骨を固定する。各リーフは固定具のチューブ状部分63の1部および内方向に湾曲した端部64を形成する底部67を有する。
図6は他の拡大性髄内固定具80の略図であり、この固定具は収縮状態でここに示した本発明の代案好適具体例によるバルーン80を備える。バルーン82は柔軟性かつ生物適合性プラスチック、たとえば当業界で知られたダクロン布地のスリーブで形成し、その遠位端部で封止遮断することができる。固定具80は好ましくは生物適合性材料(特に好ましくはステンレス鋼)で作成されてバルーン82を強化するための頑丈な弾力性長手ワイヤ84を備える。ワイヤ84は好ましくはたとえばバルーン82のダクロン布地に織り込まれる。バルーン82は入口ポート86を介し膨脹チューブ88に接続される。
図7Dに示したように、バルーン82が満たされると共に流体が少なくとも部分固化した後、入口ポート86を密封遮断すると共にチューブ88を抜き取る。
上記の他の好適具体例と同様に、骨42中への固定具80の挿入で形成された皮膚外傷を閉鎖して治癒させる。次いで骨42は骨固定手術の極めて短時間後に運動させることができる。
折畳み構造の代案として、拡大性骨固定装置は格子形状に基づいて形成することもできる。代表的具体例を図10に示し、これは小さい収縮直径および大きい拡大直径の両者における2つの形状の具体例に関する一連の斜視図を示す。これら具体例は、上記超弾性または形状記憶合金に固有の自己拡大原理を利用して骨に挿入することができる。
本発明による好適には固定される骨の細胞学的特徴に適する骨固定の固定具および最小浸襲性方法は、軟質組織に対する手術外傷および損傷を最小化させるという利点を有する。さらに皮膚を通して突出する如何なる固定具の部分も残らないため、感染の危険が減少すると共に、患者は従来技術よりも迅速に骨折部を運動させることができる。
脊椎融合による椎間病理学の処置
上記原理を用いて、たとえば脊椎融合法におけるような脊椎と椎骨の問題を処置することができる。本発明によれば、脊椎融合を達成するには最適には次の3つの手順を用いる:
1. 手術用具を用いて椎間スペースにおける脊椎骨膜を核質で完全に抽出する。これは骨成長を増大させる(骨合成)。
3. たとえばニチノールスペーサのような弾性型の椎間スペーサは柔軟性の圧縮特性を有して、介挿された骨に重量を付加させると共に骨合成を可能にする。使用しうる1つの材料はニチノール、スポンジ型材料(すなわち多孔質ニチノール)である。
組織抽出が完了した後、拡大性椎間スペーサまたは他の拡大性スペーサを中空注射器を介し経皮挿入することができ、これは上記髄内固定装置の具体例と同様である。このスペーサの機能は、脊椎を安定化させると共に椎間スペーサに隣接する2つの脊椎間の骨融合まで骨成長を増進させることである。
椎間板人工器具
以下、本発明の好適具体例による患者の椎間板スペースに挿入するためのバルーン人工器具140を示す略図である図14Aおよび14Bを参照する。図14Aは人工器具の平面図である一方、図14Bはバルーンを下記するような膨脹状態で示す断面図である。
磨砕した骨物質(たとえば患者の頸骨から採取)を布地142の外表面に人工器具140の移植前および/または移植後に設置することが好ましい。さらに、相当量の骨物質を好ましくはバルーンの中心146にて中空部に含有させることもできる。磨砕された物質はさらに所望の骨成長および骨に対する固定を向上させる。
好適実施例につき図14Aおよび14Bに示したほぼトロイド状のバルーンを参照して説明したが、本発明の原理はたとえば楕円形状および三ケ月形状のバルーンまたは2本の平行円筒ロッドなど異なる寸法および/または形状のバルーン人工器具を作成すると共に移植するにも適用しうることが了解されよう。
図15は2つの脊椎164および166の中間にある円板スペース162への人工器具140の移植を示す本発明の好適具体例による斜視図である。人工器具140を円板スペース162に移植して、損傷した天然円板(たとえばヘルニア円板)を置換する。人工器具の移植を準備するため、カニューレ160を円板スペース162中へ横方向アプローチにて経皮挿入する。実質的に天然円板物質の全部を人工器具の移植前に円板スペースから除去する。
すなわち人工器具140は、実質的な皮膚切開、大きい筋肉部分のラミネクトニーもしくは切除の必要なしに経皮移植することができる。
図17Aおよび17Bはそれぞれ、円板スペース162内に挿入および膨脹された人工器具140を示す前額面および軸方向の断面図である。人工器具は固化用流体170で膨脹されており、チューブ158は上記したように脱着除去されている。脊椎165および166はその内腔部172を含め実質的に完全に留まる。
さらに上記好適具体例においては、人工器具140を横アプローチ経皮移植したが、本発明の原理に従う膨脹性円板人工器具は当業界で知られた他の外科技術、たとえば開口および腹腔鏡の外科手術を前側もしくは後側アプローチにより用いて移植することもできる。 本発明のさらに他の好適具体例を図18A〜18Cに示す。これら具体例は扁平環状頂壁部および底壁部(たとえばワッシャ)を図14〜17に示したドーナッツ(トロイド)形状に対比して示す。他の好適具体例についても髄内固定および円板人工器具のための金属バルーンに関し次のセクションにて説明する。
髄内固定および円板人工器具のための金属バルーン
上記したように本発明によれば小開口部は骨の外部から作成されて、骨(長い骨でも短い骨でも)中への装置の経皮挿入を可能にし、或いは円板の代わりに穴を椎間スペースに作成する。本発明の幾つかの好適具体例において、装置は金属バルーンを備える。
バルーンは数個の金属バネもしくはロッドと共に作成して、バルーンに一層大きい軸方向の屈曲力および回転力に対する強度を付与すると共にバルーンにその操作および患者への挿入を容易化させる大きい剛性を付与することができる。ロッドをバルーンの外表面もしくは内表面に(たとえばハンダ付け、ミリングまたはバルーンの1部として)接続することができる。たとえば金属バルーンおよびロッドを作成するには、これらを全てアニールすることができ、或いは全て低温加工することもできる。代案としてロッドを低温加工する一方、バルーン自身をアニールして骨内に挿入した後に一層容易な拡大を可能にすることもできる。これは、1片の低温加工したロッドを作成すると共にその後に金属バルーンの肉薄部分のみをアニールして行うことができる。バルーンの両端部はハンダ付け、スポット溶接、レーザー溶接または金属コーンを装置の各端部に接続する他の任意適する方法で作成することができる。
バルーンが骨内または脊椎に隣接して適正位置に挿入された後、これを次いで生物適合性材料で膨脹させる。好適具体例においては髄内固定における膨脹流体として液体を使用し、円板人工器具としては生物適合性の固化用流体を使用する。髄内固定用の液体としては水、ゲルもしくは空気が好適である。しかしながら他の代案として、固化用流体を所望に応じ使用することもできる。
この膨脹流体をバルーンの内腔と連通位置せしめると共に外部供給源からの圧力下に置いてバルーンを半径方向外方に拡大させることにより骨を固定する。次いでバルーンをたとえば弁を用いて密封すると共に、外部流体供給源を遮断する。弁の具体例においては、弁の上に保護カップを設けて骨成長から弁を遮蔽保護するのが好適である。
髄内装置の場合、骨が治癒した後、バルーンは弁を開口させると共に液体を除去して収縮させることができ、これにより装置の除去を容易化させる。椎間板人工器具の場合、人工器具は永久的に所定位置に残すことができる。
さらに、金属バルーンもしくは固定具320には固定具の近位先端部330に位置する弁318を設けて、固定具320への流体の出入通過を制御する。弁318は、ヘッドカバー322内に収容されると共にヘッドキャップ328にて終端する換気ピン325、O−リング326およびバネ327を備える。ヘッドカバー322およびヘッドキャップ328は弁318を遮蔽して、弁中への骨成長を防止する。
要するに本発明の上記記載は、髄内固定および椎間固定装置、椎間骨スペーサおよび支持体、椎間板人工器具の最小浸襲性挿入、並びに処置方法につき説明する。好適具体例につき説明したが、本発明の具体例は自然に或いは骨固定具の経皮挿入を可能にする拡大レベルまで内腔を介し挿入されるエクスパンダにより拡大する拡大性固定装置および人工器具装置に向けられることを了解せねばならない。
Claims (11)
- 塑性変形による直径増大によって形成される塑性変形可能な表面と、前記表面に形成される複数の突出部とを備え、前記複数の突出部は椎間スペーサが放射状に拡大する際に前記椎間スペーサーが骨に対して安定するように調整されたことを特徴とする、脊椎の安定に用いられる椎間スペーサ。
- 請求項1において、前記椎間スペーサはガイドワイヤーに沿って挿入されることを特徴とする椎間スペーサ。
- 請求項1又は請求項2において、前記椎間スペーサは弾性材のシートを切り出して形成されることを特徴とする椎間スペーサ。
- 請求項1から請求項3に記載のいずれか1項において、前記椎間スペーサーは軸方向に広がってふたつの椎骨の間の大きさとなることを特徴とする椎間スペーサ。
- 請求項1から請求項4に記載のいずれか1項において、前記椎間スペーサの一部は該椎間スペーサが放射状に広がった際に、前記椎間スペーサの直径よりも小さな固定直径を有することを特徴とする椎間スペーサ。
- 請求項1から請求項5に記載のいずれか1項において、椎間スペーサの放射状拡張は、前記椎間スペーサの直径を50%以上増大させるものであることを特徴とする椎間スペーサ。
- 請求項1から請求項6に記載のいずれか1項において、2つ又はそれ以上の椎間スペーサは1つの椎間空間において並んで注入された大きさと等しいことを特徴とする椎間スペーサ。
- 請求項1から請求項7に記載のいずれか1項において、さらに拡大直径を維持するための固定機構を備えたことを特徴とする椎間スペーサ。
- 請求項1から請求項8に記載のいずれか1項において、前記表面に対して四方それぞれに少なくともひとつの突出部を垂直に有することを特徴とする椎間スペーサ。
- 請求項1から請求項9に記載のいずれか1項において、前記椎間スペーサはチタンにより構成されることを特徴とする椎間スペーサ。
- 請求項1から請求項10に記載のいずれか1項において、2つの放射状拡張部の間に放射状でない拡張部を含むことを特徴とする椎間スペーサ。
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| AT (2) | ATE509597T1 (ja) |
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| DE (1) | DE69839051T2 (ja) |
| ES (1) | ES2302349T3 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO1998038918A1 (ja) |
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1998
- 1998-03-06 AU AU65136/98A patent/AU745916B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-03-06 US US09/036,719 patent/US6127597A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-03-06 DE DE69839051T patent/DE69839051T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-03-06 AT AT08001042T patent/ATE509597T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-03-06 EP EP98910912A patent/EP1011464B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-03-06 AT AT98910912T patent/ATE384477T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-03-06 WO PCT/IB1998/000523 patent/WO1998038918A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1998-03-06 EP EP08001042A patent/EP1905392B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-03-06 ES ES98910912T patent/ES2302349T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-03-06 JP JP53832098A patent/JP2001527437A/ja active Pending
- 1998-03-06 CA CA002283190A patent/CA2283190A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2008
- 2008-03-12 JP JP2008063189A patent/JP2008237902A/ja active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2015525607A (ja) * | 2012-06-26 | 2015-09-07 | コヴィディエン リミテッド パートナーシップ | 焼灼デバイスを組織に係留させるための拡張可能チャンバを有する焼灼デバイス |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1905392A1 (en) | 2008-04-02 |
| AU6513698A (en) | 1998-09-22 |
| DE69839051T2 (de) | 2009-01-15 |
| ATE384477T1 (de) | 2008-02-15 |
| CA2283190A1 (en) | 1998-09-11 |
| DE69839051D1 (de) | 2008-03-13 |
| US6127597A (en) | 2000-10-03 |
| JP2001527437A (ja) | 2001-12-25 |
| EP1905392B1 (en) | 2011-05-18 |
| ATE509597T1 (de) | 2011-06-15 |
| EP1011464A4 (en) | 2006-01-04 |
| ES2302349T3 (es) | 2008-07-01 |
| AU745916B2 (en) | 2002-04-11 |
| EP1011464B1 (en) | 2008-01-23 |
| WO1998038918A1 (en) | 1998-09-11 |
| EP1011464A1 (en) | 2000-06-28 |
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