JP2009148285A - Tnf/ngfレセプターファミリーおよびほかのタンパク質のレセプター機能調節物質 - Google Patents
Tnf/ngfレセプターファミリーおよびほかのタンパク質のレセプター機能調節物質 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】RAP−2結合タンパク質、そのアイソフォーム、断片または類似体をコードしているDNAであって、特定の配列またはRAP−2に結合することができるそのアイソフォーム、断片または類似体を含むDNA。
【選択図】なし
Description
a)ユビキチンプロテアーゼのサブクラスのどれかにあるコア触媒領域を構築すると信じられている残基がF40F12.5またはクローン#10のどちらにおいても保存されていない、
b)その触媒部位以外に、種々の種(細菌からヒトまで)由来のユビキチン向プロテアーゼファミリーの酵素が事実上配列類似性を表さず、F40F12.5およびクローン#10はある程度の相同性を表す、
において、このような一致が全く見込みのないものにされている。
からなる群から選択されるDNA配列を提供する。
(a)FAS−R−またはp55−R−提示細胞の表面上の特異的な細胞表面レセプターに結合できるウイルス表面タンパク(リガンド)をコードしている配列、および該細胞で発現されると、細胞内炎症、細胞死および/または細胞生存経路を調節/媒介することができる、RAP−2タンパク質、ならびにアイソフォーム、類似体、断片および誘導体から選択されるタンパク質をコードしている第2の配列を運搬する組換え動物ウイルスベクターの構築、および
(b)(a)のベクターによる該細胞の感染
の工程からなる、組換え動物ウイルスベクターによる該細胞のトランスフェクションによってなされる方法。
(a)特異的な腫瘍細胞表面レセプターもしくはHIV感染細胞表面レセプターまたはほかの疾病細胞によって保持されたレセプターに結合できるウイルス表面タンパクをコードしている配列、および本願発明の、該腫瘍細胞、HIV感染細胞、またはほかの疾病細胞で発現されると、RIPタンパク質の作用を介して該細胞を殺傷することができる、RAP−2タンパク質、類似体、断片および誘導体から選択されるタンパク質をコードしている配列を運搬する組換え動物ウイルスベクターの構築、および
(b)(a)のベクターによる、該腫瘍もしくはHIV感染細胞またはほかの疾病細胞の感染
からなる方法。
(ii)本発明に基づく細胞表面レセプターに結合できるたんぱく質、RAP−2タンパク質、およびその生物学的活性断片または類似体をコードしている組換え動物ウイルスベクター含む医薬組成物、
(iii)本発明に基づくRAP−2タンパク質配列のアンチセンス配列をコードしているオリゴヌクレオチド配列であって、該オリゴヌクレオチドが、(ii)記載の組換え動物ウイルスベクターの第2配列であってもよいオリゴヌクレオチド配列。
I.RIPによって、またはほかの媒介物質または誘導物質の細胞におよぼす効果もしくはほかのNF−κB誘導物質または阻害剤の細胞におよぼす効果によって調節/媒介される炎症、細胞内細胞死および/または細胞生存経路の調節方法であって、前記(i)−(x)のいずれかひとつの方法に合わせて、RAP−2タンパク質、そのアイソフォーム、類似体、断片もしくは誘導体で、またはRAP−2タンパク質、アイソフォーム、類似体、断片もしくは誘導体をコードしている配列で、細胞を処理することからなる方法であり、該処理の結果として、RIPに媒介される効果が増強または阻害され、それによって、またFAS−Rもしくはp55−Rに媒介される効果、またはほかの媒介物質もしくは誘導物質またはほかのNF−κB誘導物質もしくは阻害剤の効果が増強または阻害される方法。
a.RelAを除いて、RIP、クローン#10ならびにより可能なNIKおよびTIPへのRAP−2結合は、NF−κBを導く過剰発現の阻害剤としてのタンパク質の機能に要求されない。
b.RelA過剰発現誘導活性化についてのRAP−2の効果は明らかに、異なる結合現象によって少なくとも部分的に媒介される。本質的には、前記タンパク質のすべてが、特にこれまでに実施した実験から導かれるように、与えられた活性に寄与することが見いだされ得る。
1.小さい脂肪族、非極性またはわずかに極性残基:Ala、Ser、Thr
(Pro、Gly);
2.極性負荷電残基およびそれらのアミド:Asp、Asn、Glu、
Gln;
3.極性正荷電残基:
His、Arg、Lys;
4.大きい脂肪族非極性残基:
Met、Leu、Ile、Val(Cys);および
5.大きい芳香族残基:Phe、Tyr、Trp
(i)RAP−2タンパク質、その類似体、その断片および誘導体は、前記のような炎症、細胞死または細胞生存経路のいずれかでRIPの機能を調節するために用いられる。たとえば、RAP−2がNF−κB、JNK(Junキナーゼ)またはp38キナーゼの活性におよぼすRIPの効果を調節することができるなら、抗腫瘍、抗または前炎症、抗HIV適用を望まれる場合、そのようなRAP−2効果はいずれもこのようなRAP−2−RIP効果を高める。この場合、炎症を調節し、細胞傷害効果を高め、または細胞生存効果をブロックするRAP−2タンパク質、その類似体、その断片または誘導体は、本質的に既知の標準的操作により細胞に導入されてもよい。例えば、RAP−2タンパク質が(推測されるように)全細胞内にあり、RIPにより媒介されるFAS−RリガンドもしくはTNFまたはほかの細胞傷害タンパク質効果を望む細胞内のみに導入すべき場合、このタンパク質の細胞への特異的導入システムが必要である。これを行う一つの方法は、そのDNAに以下の2つの遺伝子、すなわち細胞により特異的に発現される細胞表面タンパク質、例えばある細胞(CD4リンパ球および関連する白血病)に特異的に結合するAIDs(HIV)ウイルスgp120タンパク質のようなものに結合するリガンド、または組換えウイルスベクターがFAS−Rまたはp55−R提示細胞に結合することができるような組換えウイルスベクターであるFAS−Rおよびp55−R提示細胞に特異的に結合するほかのリガンドをコードする遺伝子、ならびにRAP−2タンパク質をコードする遺伝子を導入する組換え動物ウイルス、例えばワクシニア由来のものを創ることによる。このように、ウイルス表面上の細胞表面結合タンパク質の発現は腫瘍細胞またはほかのFAS−Rもしくはp55−R提示細胞に特異的なウイルスを標的とし、RAP−2タンパク質コード配列がウイルスを介して細胞内に導入され、いったん細胞内で発現されると、FAS−RリガンドまたはTNFの効果のRIP媒介または独立RIPの効果を高めることとなるであろう。このような組換え動物ウイルスの構築は標準的操作(たとえば、Sambrookら、1989を参照)による。もうひとつの可能性としては、細胞により吸収され、そこで発現されうるオリゴヌクレオチドの形態でRAP−2タンパク質(例えば、RAP−2またはそのアイソフォームのいずれか)の配列を導入することである。
B細胞ライブラリーで、ベイトとしてRIPを用いたツーハイブリッドスクリーニングにより(例えばFields and Song, 1989, WO/96/18641を参照)、約1.5Kbサイズのクローンを単離した。この1.5Kbクローン(図1および2の矢印を参照)をファージcDNAライブラリーのスクリーニングに用い、図1に示す配列の約2.0Kbクローンを得た。
TIGRに設立されたマウスESTコレクションでの類似のサーチにより、コーディング領域のいたるところでそのヒトのものに実質同一(95%)であるため、恐らくマウスRAP−2に対応する1.6kbの部分的cDNA(マウス部分(Mouse part)ID:761011、図3)を得た。
RAP−2−RIP相互作用の生理学的関連のさらなる証拠を、トランスフェクションしたHEK−293Tおよびヒーラ細胞で得た。実際、これらの2個のタンパク質は、以下に記載するような図4Bの各レーンのようにトランスフェクションしたHEK−293(ATCC番号CRL1573)細胞の細胞ライゼート(cellular lysates)から容易に共沈し、抗FLAG mAb(コダック社製)で免疫沈降させられた。つぎに、免疫複合体を抗His6 mAbs(シグマ社製)を用いた慣用のウェスタンブロット操作によりHIS−RAP−2の存在について分析した(図4Bおよびデータは示していない)。しかしながら、このような複合体の形成は、インビトロ免疫複合体キナーゼアッセイにより我々が判定した範囲までRIP酵素活性をもたらさず、過剰に発現したRIPはRAP−2をリン酸化しなかった(データは示さない)。
酵母でのツーハイブリッド試験では、RAP−2−NIK相互作用が検出されなかった(前記参照)とはいえ、HEK−293Tほ乳類細胞でのトランスフェクション実験はこの複合体の安定な形成を示唆した。抗FLAG抗体をウェスタンに用いた後、抗His6を用いて免疫沈降したほかは、実施例3に記載のようにしてNIK−PAR−2相互作用を検出した(図4C)。全長NIKは酵母で発現する際その結合特性を失う傾向にあるので、酵母における結合とほ乳類細胞における結合との間のこのような不一致は驚くべきことではない。
このように先にわかった転写効果に基づく機構を研究するためには、正常なシグナリングが滅びる正確なレベルを決定することが必要であった。c−Junのトランス活性化ポテンシャルは、アミノ末端活性化ドメインの2個のセリン残基(63Serおよび73Ser)の細胞外シグナル誘導リン酸化により制御されることがわかる。前記リン酸化に責任を負うJNK/SAPKタンパク質キナーゼはMAPキナーゼファミリーのかなり離れたサブセットを構築し、それ自身さらに上流の二元特異的(dual-specificity)キナーゼにより媒介される183Thrおよび185Tyrでのリン酸化を介して活性化される。従って、c−JunおよびJNK両内の適当な部位でのリン酸化状態は、タンパク質の活性化部位に影響するマーカーとして用いることができる。一時的にトランスフェクションしたHEK−293T細胞のライゼートを用いたウェスタンブロットでは、c−Jun媒介転写の傷害にもかかわらず、RAP−2は、多数の刺激により誘導される63Serでの内因性c−Junのリン酸化を著しく強化した(図7A参照)。マイナス印(−)により図7に記したpcDNA3担体またはプラス印(+)により同じ図に記したpcRAP−2のどちらかと一緒に示した発現構築物を用いてトランスフェクションしたHEK−293T細胞の細胞ライゼート全体を、ECL膜に移し、抗リン酸63Ser−c−Jun Absでプローブした(NEB)。図7Aの下のパネルに示した膜を、コントロールとして抗全体c−Jun Absを用いて再プローブした(NEB)。
実施例5に報告した実験では、NF−κBおよびAP−1シグナリングカスケードのRAP−2過剰発現の細胞調節標的が明らかでなかった事実から、本発明者らは転写に要求される核プロセスの完全さを調べた。トランスフェクションされたHEK−293T細胞の核抽出物を用いて実施した電気移動シフトアッセイ(EMSA)は、RAP−2がそのもとの認識配列に対応するオリゴヌクレオチドへのc−JunおよびRelAの結合を妨げないことを無条件に証明した(図8)。実際、RAP−2トランスフェクションされた細胞では、DNA/AP−1複合体形成効果の数倍の上昇が観察された。さらに、後の活性ドメインの立体的傷害をもたらしたRAP−2とc−Jun/RelAとの間には相互作用が観察されなかった。いずれにせよ、核へのRAP−2の侵入効果はエンハンサー結合事象の下流のいくつかの位置で標的にされることが示唆される。
TIP60(ジーンバンク U 74667)は、最近記載されたヒストンアセチルトランスフェラーゼ(HATs)と呼ばれる核タンパク質のファミリーに属する。これらのタンパク質の酵素活性は、ヌクレオソーム複合体のクロマチン構造状態に関連する。HATは転写機構を有する特定の要素と頻繁に関連し、転写の速度を調節することができる。HATsは、ヒストンの特異的リジン残基上にアセチル基を転移することによって、開始部位の近辺のクロマチンパッケージを弛緩することにより作用し、それによりDNAへの種々の関連する因子の歩み寄りを促進する。明らかに、これらの補助核タンパク質の一つはエンハンサー結合因子とRNAポリメラーゼIIとの間のクロストークを容易にする。このため、本発明者らはTIP60がRAP−2と複合することができるか否かを調べた。ヒーラ細胞からの免疫沈降の後、ツーハイブリッド試験では決定的に、両系でRAP−2が強くTIP60と相互作用することを示した。とはいえ、本発明者らはHEK−293T細胞でのTIP60の同時発現の際、NF−κBおよびc−JunについてのRAP−2媒介効果の考慮すべき変化をみることはできなかった。コントロール実験、すなわち±TIP60(w/o RAP−2)刺激では同様の変化の欠如が観察され、短時間の読み出し(トランスフェクション後20〜30時間)で恐らくクロマチンとなるリポーターDNAの機会を排除し、HAT様酵素にとって実施するに充分な時間が残されないと観察された。
B細胞cDNAライブラリーのツーハイブリッドスクリーニングにおけるベイトとして全長RAP−2タンパク質を用いて、本発明者らは本明細書中以下、クローン#10またはクローン#10コードタンパク質またはRAT結合タンパク質#10またはRBP−10と記載するRAP−2と相互作用する新規タンパク質を単離した(図10)。もとのクローン(約2.2kb)は約60kDaの分子量の推定ポリペプチドをコードすることがわかった。しかしながら、推定ATG第一コドンは明らかにこの配列から欠けていた。したがって、その考慮すべき長さにもかかわらず、得られたcDNAはさらに5’末端へオープンリーディングフレーム全体を再構成するよう拡張されている。
b)その触媒部位を除いて、種々の種(細菌からヒトまで)由来のユビキチン結合プロテアーゼファミリーの酵素は、実質配列類似性を有さず、一方F40F12.5およびクローン#10はある程度の相同性を表す。
B細胞cDNAライブラリーのツーハイブリットスクリーニングで、ベイトとして全長RAP−2タンパク質を用いて、さらなるRAP−2結合タンパク質を特定し、クローン#84と命名した。
A.結合領域
連続的欠失分析を用いて、RAP−2内の結合領域をマッピングし、RIP、NIK、TIP60結合だけでなく、自己会合ドメインをも同定した(図11)。
本発明者らが現在知る限り、RAP−2の全機能的効果(すなわち、NF−κB阻害およびc−Jun高リン酸化の誘導)は同じ領域にマッピングされる(図11)。
図11および12に示した結果から、
a)RelAを除いて、RIP、クローン#10および恐らくNIKおよびTIP60に対するRAP-2結合は、NF-κBに誘導される過剰発現の阻害剤として、タンパク質の機能に要求されない。
b)RelA過剰発現誘導活性に対するRAP-2の効果は、明らかに、少なくとも部分的に、異なる結合現象により媒介される。本質的には、これまでに実施された実験から推測されるように、前記タンパク質は全て、与えられた活性に寄与するとわかるであろう。
(ii)RAP-2は、JNK活性を変えることなく、c-Jun高リン酸化を強化する。
(iii)RAP-2は、欠失分析により示されるように、RIPの細胞死誘導領域またはRIPへの結合に対するRIPのキナーゼ活性を必要としない。
(iv)前記欠失分析に基づき、RAP-2のRIPへの結合領域は約200アミノ酸のN末端領域に狭められる。
(v)RAP-2はトランスフェクションしたほ乳類細胞ではNIKに結合するが、酵母では結合しない。
まず、ウサギに完全フロイントアジュバントで乳化したRAP-2の純粋調製物5μgを皮下注射した。3週間後、再度不完全フロイントアジュバントで調製したRAP-2を5μg皮下注射した。さらにPBS溶液で二度RAP-2を10日間隔で注射した。最後の免疫化の10日後、ウサギの血を抜き殺した。抗体レベルの進展はラジオイムノアッセイにより追跡した。125I標識RAP−2を、ウサギ血清の種々の希釈液(1:50、1:500、1:5000および1:50000)と混合した。タンパク質Gアガロースビーズ懸濁液(20μl、ファルマシア社(Pharmacia)製)を総量200μlで加えた。混合物を1時間室温に放置し、つぎにビーズを3度洗浄して、結合した放射活性を測定した。ヒトレプチンに対するウサギ抗血清をネガティブコントロールとして用いた。RAP-2抗血清の力価をネガティブコントロールのものと比較して測定した。
雌Balb/Cマウス(3ヵ月齢)にまず完全フロイントアジュバントで乳化した精製RAP-2を2μg注射し、3週間後、不完全フロイントアジュバントで皮下注射した。10日間隔で3度さらに、PBSを用いて皮下注射した。最終ではIRIAにより決定した最高結合力価を示すマウスへの融合の4および3日前に腹膜投与した(以下記載参照)。融合はNSO/1骨髄腫細胞系、および融合パートナーとして動物の脾臓およびリンパ節両者から調製したリンパ球を用いて実施した。融合した細胞をマイクロ培養プレートに蒔き、HATおよび15%ウマ血清を足したDMEMにてハイブリドーマを選択した。RAP-2に対する抗体を生産するとわかったハイブリドーマを、限定希釈法によりサブクローン化し、腹水の産生のためプリスタンを満たしたBalb/Cマウスに注射した。抗体のイソタイプを市販で入手可能なELISAキット(アマルシャム社(Amersham)製、U.K)を用いて決定した。
マイクロタイタープレート(Dynatech or Maxisorb、Nunc)を抗RAP-2モノクローナル抗体(血清を含まないハイブリドーマ上清または腹水免疫グロブリン)で一晩4℃で被覆した。プレートをBSA(0.5%)およびツイーン20(0.05%)を含有するPBSで洗浄し、同じ溶液中少なくとも2時間37℃でブロックした。試験試料をブロッキング溶液に希釈し、ウェルに4時間37℃で加えた(100μl/ウェル)。つぎに、プレートを3度ツイーン20(0.05%)を含有するPBSで洗浄し、ウサギ抗RAP-2血清を加え(1:1000、100μl/ウェル)、さらに一晩4℃でインキュベートした。プレートを3度洗浄し、ヤギ抗ウサギセイヨウワサビペルオキシダーゼ(HRP、Jackson Labs、1:10000、100μl/ウェル)のコンジュゲートを2時間室温で加えた。プレートを4度洗浄し、基質としてH2O2を用いてABTS(2,2’−アジノ−ビス(3−エチルベンズチアゾリン−6−スルホン酸、シグマ社製)により色素発色させた。プレートを自動ELISAリーダーにより読みとった。
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Claims (6)
- RAP−2結合タンパク質、そのアイソフォーム、断片または類似体をコードしているDNAであって、配列番号3に表された配列またはRAP−2に結合することができるそのアイソフォーム、断片または類似体を含むDNA。
- RAP−2機能を調節/媒介することのできるタンパク質をコードしている請求項1記載のDNA。
- 請求項1または2記載のDNAによりコードされ、RAP−2の機能を調節または媒介することができるRAP−2結合タンパク質、そのアイソフォーム、断片または類似体。
- RAP−2に結合できるタンパク質の単離および同定方法であって、RAP−2タンパク質、そのアイソフォーム、断片または類似体をコードしているDNA配列が1つのハイブリッドベクターによって運搬され、cDNAまたはゲノムDNAライブラリー由来のDNA配列が第2のハイブリッドベクターに運搬され、ついでベクターが酵母宿主細胞を形質転換するために使用され、正の形質転換された細胞が単離され、そののち該RAP−2に結合するタンパク質をコードしているDNA配列を得るため該第2のハイブリッドベクターを抽出する、酵母ツーハイブリッド手法の適用を含み;該DNA配列が、
(a)配列番号4に示すアミノ酸配列を有するRAP−2タンパク質をコードするDNA;
(b)配列番号1または2に示すDNA
(c)中程度にストリンジェントな条件下で(a)または(b)の配列にハイブリダイズすることができ生物学的に活性なRAP−2タンパク質をコードするDNA
(d)遺伝子コドンの結果として(a)または(b)のいずれかに規定されるDNA配列に縮重し、かつ生物学的に活性なRAP−2タンパク質をコードするDNA;および
(c)(a)に示すアミノ酸配列の少なくとも一部を有するRAP−2タンパク質、アイソフォーム、断片または類似体をコードする(b)記載のDNA
からなる群より選択される方法。 - 炎症、細胞死および/または細胞生存を調節するための医薬組成物の製造における、1つまたはそれ以上の請求項3記載のRAP−2結合タンパク質、またはそのアイソフォーム、断片または類似体の使用。
- 前記RAP−2結合タンパク質が、クローン10によってコードされる請求項5記載の使用。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IL12375898A IL123758A0 (en) | 1998-03-19 | 1998-03-19 | Modulators of the function of receptors of the TNF/NGF receptor family and other proteins |
| IL12602498A IL126024A0 (en) | 1998-03-19 | 1998-09-01 | Modulators of the function of receptors of the tnf/ngf receptor family and other proteins |
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| JP2000536855A Division JP4351389B2 (ja) | 1998-03-19 | 1999-03-18 | Tnf/ngfレセプターファミリーおよびほかのタンパク質のレセプター機能調節物質 |
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| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US20040219615A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1454985A3 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP2009148285A (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR100693677B1 (ja) |
| AR (1) | AR015247A1 (ja) |
| EE (1) | EE200900055A (ja) |
| NO (1) | NO20084140L (ja) |
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| US7521534B1 (en) * | 2003-03-03 | 2009-04-21 | The University Board Of Regents Of Texas System | IKK gamma gene products and methods for making and using same |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO1996025941A1 (en) * | 1995-02-22 | 1996-08-29 | Yeda Research And Development Co. Ltd. | Modulators of regulatory proteins |
| US5674734A (en) * | 1995-05-18 | 1997-10-07 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Cell death protein |
-
1999
- 1999-03-18 EE EEP200900055A patent/EE200900055A/xx unknown
- 1999-03-18 EP EP04001075A patent/EP1454985A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-03-18 KR KR1020007009953A patent/KR100693677B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-03-18 PL PL379471A patent/PL199214B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-03-18 SG SG200500996-4A patent/SG148025A1/en unknown
- 1999-03-19 AR ARP990101229A patent/AR015247A1/es active IP Right Grant
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2004
- 2004-01-22 US US10/761,370 patent/US20040219615A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2008-10-01 NO NO20084140A patent/NO20084140L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
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| EE200900055A (et) | 2009-10-15 |
| KR20010034563A (ko) | 2001-04-25 |
| AR015247A1 (es) | 2001-04-18 |
| EP1454985A2 (en) | 2004-09-08 |
| EP1454985A3 (en) | 2004-12-01 |
| US20040219615A1 (en) | 2004-11-04 |
| NO20084140L (no) | 2000-10-30 |
| KR100693677B1 (ko) | 2007-03-09 |
| SG148025A1 (en) | 2008-12-31 |
| PL199214B1 (pl) | 2008-08-29 |
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