JP2010077410A - Method for producing liquid fuel derived from biomass, and apparatus therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

[PROBLEMS] Thermal decomposition of plant biomass (wood, old fruit trees, rice straw, wheat straw, wood fiber from the South Sea, oil palm, palm gala, old rubber tree, corn core, waste paper, pulp and wastes thereof). The pyrolysis gas generated by the process is efficiently recovered by roughly fractional distillation into tar, acetic acid, water, etc., and depending on the type of biomass raw material, high-quality fuel oil is recovered and further precipitated from the pyrolysis gas An object of the present invention is to provide a highly efficient method for producing biomass-derived liquid fuel and an apparatus therefor, which can suppress clogging of a piping path caused by non-volatile components and can be operated continuously.
A biomass-derived liquid fuel production method in which a pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolyzing a biomass raw material is fractionated in multiple stages to produce a liquid fuel, wherein the biomass raw material is pyrolyzed and pyrolyzed. A pyrolysis step for generating gas and a fraction recovery step for recovering at least a tar content from the pyrolysis gas immediately after the pyrolysis step are performed.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus for producing high-quality oil that can be continuously operated for a long time in a plant that thermally decomposes biomass to produce liquid fuel and chemical raw material.

  In recent years, there has been concern about the depletion of oil resources and rising prices, and as a cause of global warming, there is concern about the rise in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere due to the use of fossil resources. In particular, there is a growing movement to actively use biomass energy that is carbon neutral. As one of the methods, there is a method for producing a liquefied fuel derived from biomass by thermally decomposing wood, agricultural products, southern sea trees such as palm and rubber, waste of seeds, and the like into liquid fuel.

  The above method uses plant-based waste materials as raw materials. Unlike the case of producing bioethanol by fermenting food potatoes, corn, rice, wheat, etc., it affects food supply and demand. There are no advantages.

  However, liquid fuels produced by pyrolysis of biomass include wood tar (aggregates of heavy guaiacol, eugenol, veratrol, phenol, cresol and other oxygen-containing chemicals), carboxylic acids, ketones, aldehydes, alcohols. And a wide variety of other organic components. Its chemical composition is 400 or more, but it has a high water content, has an acidity of pH 2 to 3, and changes with time.

  In addition, corrosiveness to equipment and devices is regarded as a problem, and in order to use it as fuel, the amount of heat is low and reforming is necessary. The wood tar component is promising as a liquid fuel because it has a calorific value equal to or greater than that of the raw material, but if it is concentrated at a high temperature, it becomes a polycondensation compound easily due to its thermal history, and it has the disadvantage that it solidifies and cannot be extracted from the heating vessel .

  Because of the above properties, when biomass-derived liquid fuel is used as fuel, it is divided into components by fractional distillation, and a common method is to use a fractionation tower.

  Pyrolysis gas obtained by pyrolyzing biomass is sent to a fractionation tower, and the fractionation tower has different temperatures at each stage. Therefore, pyrolysis gas having components with different boiling points is fractionated at each boiling point. Thus, tar and combustible gas can be obtained as a product. (For example, refer patent document 1 or 2) Moreover, the method of removing acetic acid which becomes a problem especially when using bio-oil as a fuel is disclosed (for example, refer patent document 3).

  According to Patent Document 3, the pyrolysis gas is cooled by a cooler set to a temperature higher than the boiling point of acetic acid, the fuel component is selectively condensed, and water is added to obtain a predetermined fluidity and calorific value. A method is disclosed in which the remaining gas is recovered as a liquid fuel, and the remaining gas passes through a subsequent cooler set to a temperature at which acetic acid is condensed, and here, the wood vinegar liquid mainly composed of acetic acid is recovered as a product. .

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 56-121602 JP 57-145177 A JP 2001-247873 A

  However, in the fractionation using the biomass-derived liquid fuel fractionation tower, the pyrolysis gas at 400 to 600 ° C. is cooled at once in the fractionation tower at 100 ° C. or less. There is a problem that the precipitation of tar starts and the piping is blocked. Further, when tar adheres to the inner wall of the fractionation tower, the tar remains in place without moving because of its very high viscosity, and as a result, the accumulation of tar proceeds. In other words, once tar deposition begins, it does not disappear. To remove this tar, the plant must be stopped, disassembled, cleaned, etc., so continuous operation becomes very difficult. Yes.

  However, in Patent Documents 1 to 3, there is no description or suggestion of the problem of tar, and therefore the proposed apparatus and method can be operated for a short time of about one day, for example, but from several days to several Long continuous operation over a week is difficult.

  In Patent Document 3, the temperature of the “first cooling unit” is set to “at least an arbitrary temperature higher than the boiling point of water and the fuel component selectively aggregates” or “an arbitrary temperature higher than the boiling point of acetic acid”. In the embodiment, since the pyrolysis gas at 400 to 600 ° C. is supplied to the cooler at 118 ° C., tar is precipitated, and the cooler and There is a problem of blocking the pipe leading to the cooler. When there is a temperature difference as described above, the time during which the apparatus can be operated is very short.

  Further, although the temperature is not specified in the claims of Patent Document 1, “the temperature of the condensate outlet must be maintained at a temperature equal to or higher than the boiling point of water. The temperature of about 200 ° C. is maintained ”. Furthermore, in patent document 2, the temperature setting of the multistage cooler of 5-250 degreeC is made.

  That is, in the existing literature, the precipitation of tar in the pipe before the first cooling means is not taken into consideration, and the setting for avoiding the tar blockage is not made in the temperature setting. The difficulty of long-term continuous operation caused by tar blockage and the solution are not provided. However, existing patent technology can be utilized by solving the problems of this patent. In a factory for producing a large amount of biomass-derived liquid fuel, a state where continuous operation for a long time is difficult is a fatal problem.

  Furthermore, in recent years, the amount of tar recovered due to rapid pyrolysis reaction has increased dramatically compared to conventional pyrolysis reactions, and thus the problem of tar blockage has become a major problem.

  The rapid pyrolysis method is a method in which the amount of tar generated is increased and the weight of carbide is reduced by rapidly raising the temperature of the biomass raw material. Specifically, by reducing the size of biomass raw material particles with poor heat transfer characteristics and making this fine powder, it is possible to easily raise the biomass raw material to a high temperature. There is a feature that the discharge amount of the decomposition product is increased and the yield of the liquid tar is increased.

  Further, in the present invention, when attention is paid to high-quality fuel including tar, tar has been considered to be unsuitable for fuel because of its high viscosity and low fluidity. However, the amount of heat of tar is generally high, and it is important to efficiently use this in the production of high-quality fuel.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems. The purpose of the present invention is plant biomass (wood, old fruit tree, rice straw, wheat straw, wood fiber from the south, wood, oil palm, palm gala, rubber old tree, The pyrolysis gas generated by the thermal decomposition of corn core, waste paper, pulp and these wastes is efficiently recovered by roughly fractionating into tar, acetic acid, water, etc., and depending on the type of biomass raw material, the quality is high. Of high-efficiency biomass-derived liquid fuel capable of continuous operation by suppressing the clogging of piping paths caused by non-volatile components deposited from pyrolysis gas There is to do.

  In order to achieve the above object, a method for producing a biomass-derived liquid fuel according to the present invention includes a biomass-derived liquid that produces a liquid fuel by fractionating a pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolyzing a biomass raw material in multiple stages. A fuel production method comprising performing a pyrolysis step in which a biomass raw material is pyrolyzed to generate pyrolysis gas, and a fraction recovery step in which at least tar is recovered from the pyrolysis gas immediately after the pyrolysis step. It is characterized by.

  In the first stage after the pyrolysis reaction, the tar content is recovered from the pyrolysis gas, and in the subsequent process, it is possible to suppress tar clogging that causes clogging by adhering and adhering to the pipe etc. became.

  In addition, it is possible to manufacture a highly versatile product by setting the acidity of the liquid fuel within a suitable range by separating and removing substances with high acidity such as wood vinegar at a later stage. ing.

  In the above manufacturing method, the fraction collection step is cooled while flowing a pyrolysis gas from the upper side to the lower side of the cylindrical object installed in the vertical shape, and the liquid tar in the cylindrical object is cooled at the lower end of the cylindrical object. The step of recovering in the polar solvent supplied into the recovery tank and exhausting the gas phase after recovering the tar content is characterized.

  By cooling the pyrolysis gas while descending the cylinder, the fine liquid tar floating in the pyrolysis gas and the cooled and condensed liquid tar fall to the lower recovery tank under their own weight. Go. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the tar from adhering to the wall surface or the like and closing the cylindrical object.

  Further, since the liquid tar is recovered in a recovery tank having affinity with tar and supplied with a polar solvent as a fuel, the viscosity of the tar is lowered by the polar solvent, and the handling of the tar becomes easy. That is, tar is prevented from adhering to and sticking in the recovery tank, and the mixture of tar and polar solvent can be used as fuel as it is, so that it is possible to prevent tar clogging during transportation and use. it can.

  In the above-described production method, the fraction collection step is performed by blowing a pyrolysis gas directly into the liquid phase with the lower end immersed in the liquid phase to float the pyrolysis gas as bubbles. At least tar and oil in the pyrolysis gas are collected in the liquid phase by gas-liquid contact, and the gas phase after gas-liquid contact is exhausted.

  Tar with high viscosity is recovered directly in the liquid phase by gas-liquid contact, so it is prevented from adhering to and sticking to the wall surface of the piping, etc., and is recovered together with oil in the liquid phase, so the viscosity decreases and handling is easy It becomes. Moreover, since the liquid phase consists of a tar component and an oil component, or a tar component, an oil component, and a polar organic solution, it can be used as it is as a liquid fuel product.

  Here, by controlling the temperature of the liquid phase, it is also possible to recover a polar organic solution (not containing a wood vinegar solution) in addition to the tar and oil components.

In order to achieve the above object, a method for producing a biomass-derived liquid fuel according to the present invention includes a biomass-derived liquid that produces a liquid fuel by fractionating a pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolyzing a biomass raw material in multiple stages. A method for producing fuel, wherein a pyrolysis step of pyrolyzing biomass raw material to generate pyrolysis gas, and cooling while flowing the pyrolysis gas downward from above the cylinder, Tar is recovered in a polar solvent, the first fraction recovery step for exhausting the gas phase after the tar content is recovered, and a blow pipe in which the lower end is immersed in the liquid phase, and pyrolysis gas is directly blown, It includes a second fraction recovery step of recovering at least tar and oil in the gas phase by gas-liquid contact in the liquid phase and exhausting the gas phase after gas-liquid contact.

  Immediately after the pyrolysis step, it is possible to recover the tar content in the pyrolysis gas by the first fraction recovery step, and further recover the tar content remaining in the pyrolysis gas in the second fraction recovery step. Therefore, the tar component hardly flows in the subsequent process, thereby preventing tar blockage and providing a method for producing a biomass-derived liquid fuel that can be carried out continuously for a long time. It has become possible.

  An apparatus for producing a biomass-derived liquid fuel according to the present invention for achieving the above object is a biomass-derived liquid that produces a liquid fuel by fractionating a pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolyzing a biomass raw material in multiple stages. In the fuel production apparatus, a gravity type separation device is connected to a pyrolysis reactor for pyrolyzing the biomass raw material, and the gas phase is exhausted from the gravity type separation device to a subsequent recovery device. The apparatus is provided with a cooling jacket on the outer periphery, and cools the pyrolysis gas while flowing downward from above, and is installed at the lower end of the cylindrical object to collect the liquid phase falling from the cylindrical object. A collection tank is provided.

  By cooling the pyrolysis gas while descending the cylinder, the fine liquid tar floating in the pyrolysis gas and the cooled and condensed liquid tar fall to the lower recovery tank under their own weight. Go. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the tar from adhering to the wall surface or the like and closing the cylindrical object.

  In the manufacturing apparatus described above, the inner wall temperature of the cylindrical material is controlled to be in a temperature range in which at least tar in the pyrolysis gas is condensed.

  With this configuration, most of the tar content in the pyrolysis gas can be recovered by the gravitational separator, and therefore, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of tar clogging in the subsequent recovery device. Here, it is desirable that the temperature range in which a substance with high acidity such as pyroligneous acid (acetic acid) is not condensed widens the usable range of recovered tar as fuel.

  That is, when a highly acidic substance is mixed in the recovered liquid fuel such as tar, for example, when used in a boiler or diesel engine, the machine will be corroded. Must be separated from liquid fuel.

  In the manufacturing apparatus, the recovery tank is configured to be capable of supplying a polar solvent that has affinity for tar and serves as a fuel.

  Since the tar recovered by the gravity separator is recovered in the polar solvent, the viscosity of the tar is lowered, so that no sticking or sticking to the piping or the apparatus occurs, and the handling becomes easy.

  In the manufacturing apparatus described above, a burner for burning and removing the tar adhering to the inside of the cylindrical object is installed in the cylindrical object.

  In the first place, it is configured so that tar does not adhere to and adhere to the cylindrical object, but in the unlikely event that tar adheres and adheres to the inside of the cylindrical object, a burner is installed to remove the tar. The burner is configured to be able to ignite the tar in the cylindrical object, and by igniting the tar during maintenance, the tar in the cylindrical object can be burned and the conventional performance can be recovered.

An apparatus for producing a biomass-derived liquid fuel according to the present invention for achieving the above object is a biomass-derived liquid that produces a liquid fuel by fractionating a pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolyzing a biomass raw material in multiple stages. In the fuel production apparatus, a gas-liquid contact type separation device is connected to a pyrolysis reactor for pyrolyzing the biomass raw material, and the gas-liquid contact type separation device is configured to exhaust the gas phase to a subsequent recovery device, The gas-liquid contact type separation device includes a recovery tank having a liquid phase containing at least a tar content and an oil content recovered from a pyrolysis gas, and a blow for directly blowing the pyrolysis gas into the liquid phase of the recovery tank It is characterized by having a tube.

  In the gas-liquid contact type separation device, the viscosity of the tar is mixed with the oil without using the polar solvent used in the gravity type separation device by adjusting the temperature of the liquid phase to a temperature range in which the tar and oil are condensed. Since it can be collected in a lowered state, it is easy to handle. Moreover, it can be used as liquid fuel.

  Furthermore, since tar is recovered by bringing pyrolysis gas into direct contact with the liquid phase, tar does not adhere to and adhere to the inner wall surface of the recovery tank, and the tar content is almost transferred to the subsequent recovery device. Therefore, tar blockage can be prevented.

  In the above manufacturing apparatus, the gas-liquid contact type separation device is characterized in that it includes a blowing pipe whose tip is widened, and a stirring means installed at the tip of the blowing pipe.

  By expanding the tip part immersed in the liquid phase of the blowing tube, for example, in the form of a trumpet, it is possible to prevent clogging with tar on the inner wall of the tip part where the pyrolysis gas and the liquid phase are in contact is doing.

  In addition, by installing a stirring means such as a propeller at the tip of the blowing pipe, the bubbles generated by blowing the pyrolysis gas are reduced, and the liquid phase is stirred to add a flow. Opportunities have increased and tar in the pyrolysis gas can be efficiently transferred into the liquid phase and recovered.

  Generated by thermal decomposition of plant biomass (wood, old fruit trees, rice straw, wheat straw, wood fiber from the South Sea, oil palm, palm tree, old rubber tree, corn core, waste paper, pulp, and wastes thereof) The pyrolysis gas is efficiently recovered by rough fractionation in tar, acetic acid, water, etc., and depending on the type of biomass raw material, high-quality fuel oil is recovered, and further, it is converted into non-volatile components that precipitate from the pyrolysis gas. It has become possible to provide a highly efficient method for producing biomass-derived liquid fuel and an apparatus thereof capable of suppressing the clogging of the resulting piping path and capable of continuous operation.

  In other words, by first recovering tar from the pyrolysis gas, tar clogging is suppressed by piping and downstream recovery devices that are transported to the subsequent stage, and liquid fuel and chemical raw materials can be produced continuously for a long time. It has become possible.

  In addition, it is possible to produce high-quality liquid fuel by actively recovering tar with reduced viscosity by mixing polar solvent or oil, etc. It became possible to separate and recover without suffering from blockage.

It is the schematic which showed one of the Examples of the gravity-type separation apparatus in this invention. It is the schematic which showed one of the Examples of the gas-liquid contact-type separation apparatus in this invention. It is the schematic which showed one of the Examples of the manufacturing plant of biomass origin liquid fuel. It is the schematic which showed one of the Examples of the manufacturing plant of biomass origin liquid fuel. It is the schematic which showed one of the Examples of the manufacturing plant of biomass origin liquid fuel. It is the schematic which showed the manufacturing process of the biomass origin liquid fuel.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to embodiments shown in the drawings.

(Manufacture of biomass-derived liquid fuel)
FIG. 6 shows a process for producing a biomass-derived liquid fuel. In the pyrolysis process, biomass is heated to 400 to 500 ° C. to obtain pyrolysis gas, for example, the first fraction recovery process and the second fraction recovery process. In addition, it is configured to take out substances having different properties in multiple stages as fuel and chemical raw materials.

  Here, the temperature of the gas phase of the pyrolysis gas is changed in each recovery step, so that the oil or pyroligneous acid liquid used as the fuel is reduced to the boiling point or less, and is condensed and recovered. By selecting an appropriate device for condensing the pyrolysis gas in each recovery step, it is possible to efficiently produce biomass-derived fuel and chemical raw materials as products.

  In addition, when the substance to be collected is finely separated, it is possible to separate and collect the components having different boiling points, particularly components having different boiling points, by increasing the number of steps of the collecting step.

  Therefore, for example, by manufacturing a liquid fuel that does not contain highly acidic pyroligneous acid liquid, it is possible to prevent corrosion of the equipment due to the acid due to the use of the fuel, etc. By separating and recovering the liquid, it becomes possible to use it as a chemical raw material. For example, by separating and recovering the components contained in the biomass, the range of effective utilization has expanded.

(Tar concept)
The tar described in the present specification is as follows. The properties of tar generated in the pyrolysis reactor in the pyrolysis reaction step are the state of flowing as a liquid tar floating in the pyrolysis gas with the gas phase, and the gas that becomes tar (liquid phase) when cooled There is a state that exists.

  When tar is liquefied or is a suspended substance of liquid tar in gas, it has a high viscosity and tends to stay. For this reason, tar adheres to the wall surface of a pipe or the like and easily causes clogging. To prevent this clogging, it is necessary to make the tar difficult to stay.

  Moreover, after the tar becomes a liquid phase, when it is exposed to a high temperature (generally 370 ° C. to 500 ° C. which is the gas temperature in the furnace), the polymerization proceeds and becomes a solid (pitch). , Has the property of firmly fixing. For this reason, it is necessary to avoid increasing the heat of the liquid-phase tar while in contact with the gas phase. Although the temperature range of this liquid-phase tar varies depending on the biomass as the raw material, it is not solid (pitch) at about 150 to 370 ° C., and it is possible to maintain a liquid state.

  Furthermore, since tar has an affinity for a polar solvent, it is possible to use the tar as a fuel by dissolving the tar in a polar solvent that can be used as a fuel.

  In particular, tar generated in large quantities by rapid pyrolysis can be efficiently produced as liquid fuel, which can help solve energy problems caused by fossil fuel depletion and global warming. became.

(Gravity separation device)
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a gravity separator 10, and the gravity separator 10 is used in the first fraction recovery process immediately after the pyrolysis process in the above-described biomass-derived liquid fuel manufacturing process. It is what is done. The gravitational separator 10 includes a cylindrical object 11 to which a pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolysis process is supplied via an intake pipe 14 and a pyrolysis gas which is a gas phase 32 supplied to the cylindrical object 11. And a recovery tank 16 for recovering the cooled and condensed tar, and an exhaust pipe 15 for exhausting the pyrolysis gas from which the tar has been removed.

  The pyrolysis gas at 400 to 500 ° C. sent from the pyrolysis reactor is supplied from the intake pipe 14 to the cylindrical object 11, cooled inside by the cooling jacket 12, flows downward from above the cylindrical object 11, and exhausted. The gas is exhausted through the pipe 15 and sent to a subsequent process in the biomass-derived liquid fuel manufacturing apparatus 50.

  Here, the cooling temperature by the cooling jacket 12 is such that the tar remains in a gas phase and does not proceed to the subsequent stage of the biomass-derived liquid fuel production process, and is prevented from solidifying and adhering to the inner wall of the cylindrical object 11. It is desirable that the temperature range be within the range, and the temperature range varies depending on the biomass as the raw material, but is generally controlled at 150 to 330 ° C. Preferably, the temperature is controlled at 150 to 300 ° C.

  When this pyrolysis gas flows from the upper side to the lower side of the cylindrical object 11, it is cooled by the action of the liquid tar dispersed in the liquid phase and the cooling jacket 12 on the side wall of the cylindrical object 11. The liquid tar that has changed into a gravity is pushed downward under the gas flow of gravity and pyrolysis gas, and is recovered in a recovery tank 16 (tar recovery tank) connected to the lowermost part of the cylindrical object 11. Yes.

  Here, a polar solvent having an affinity for tar is placed in the recovery tank 16, and the temperature of the polar solvent is preferably 60 ° C. or lower, more preferably 20 to 60 ° C. It became possible to prevent solidification of liquid tar. This temperature range of 20 to 60 ° C. is determined from a balance between ensuring the viscosity of the tar solution and preventing evaporation of the polar solvent. Of course, if the substance used as the polar solvent is changed, the optimum temperature range also changes.

  The polar solvent has only to be compatible with tar and suitable for fuel. For example, alcohols having a boiling point of 60 ° C. or higher (butanol, pentanol, etc.), or a process for producing biomass-derived liquid fuel Or an aqueous solution of an organic compound that is collected separately or prepared separately.

  Therefore, a pipe for supplying oils, polar organic solutions, etc. recovered in the subsequent stage after the second fraction recovery step as the liquid phase 31 may be installed in the recovery tank 16. As a result, oils and the like recovered in the latter stage can be used as the polar solvent.

  By dissolving the liquid tar in the polar solvent, the liquid tar having a high viscosity was diluted to lower the viscosity, thereby preventing solidification and facilitating the handling of the tar. Therefore, it became possible to use it as a liquid fuel in a wide range of areas such as boiler fuel and diesel fuel.

  Although cooling water can be allowed to flow through the cooling jacket 12, it is also possible to use, for example, oil, water, or the like recovered in the manufacturing process of the biomass-derived liquid fuel. By using oil, water, etc. recovered in the manufacturing process, it is not necessary to supply new cooling water, and by circulating necessary things inside the biomass-derived liquid fuel manufacturing plant, there is less environmental impact. It can be made into a plant, and it is possible to make a circulation plant that leads to effective use of water resources.

  Moreover, although the diameter of the lower part of the cylindrical object 11 shown in FIG. 1 is smaller than that of the upper part, it is also possible to use a cylindrical object having the same upper and lower diameters. By making the diameters the same, it is possible to further reduce the adhesion of tar to the inner wall surface of the cylindrical object. The diameter of the upper part can be appropriately determined from the pressure of the pyrolysis gas to be supplied, the flow rate of the gas, and the overall size of the gravity separation apparatus 10.

  Furthermore, it is possible to prevent the tar from adhering to and sticking to the inner wall surface of the cylindrical object 11 by applying, for example, enamel processing so that the tar does not adhere.

  In addition, a burner 13 can be installed inside the cylindrical object 11 as a mechanism for removing a small amount of tar adhering to the inner side wall of the cylindrical object 11. This burner 13 supplies fuel gas such as flammable gas obtained from an apparatus 50 for producing propane gas or biomass-derived liquid fuel from the outside, and ignites this fuel gas to burn tar adhering to the side wall. In addition, it is possible to restore the inside of the cylindrical object 11 to a state where no tar adheres.

(Gas-liquid contact type separation device)
FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of the gas-liquid contact type separation device 20, and the gas-liquid contact type separation device 20 collects the first fraction immediately after the pyrolysis step in the above-described biomass-derived liquid fuel production process. It is mainly used in the process, and can be used after the second fraction recovery process in the latter stage. The gas-liquid contact type separation device 20 is characterized in that the pyrolysis gas is directly blown into the liquid phase 31 of the recovery tank 26 from the intake pipe 23 via the blow pipe 21.

  The gas 27 blown into the liquid phase 31 becomes bubble-like, cooled by the liquid phase 31, and the condensed components are separated. The remaining gas (vapor phase 32) is configured to be conveyed to a subsequent process through the exhaust pipe 24.

  When the gas-liquid contact type separation device 20 is used in the first fraction recovery step, the pyrolysis gas at 400 to 500 ° C. sent from the pyrolysis reactor is directly blown into the liquid phase of the recovery tank 26, and the gas-liquid In order to collect in the liquid phase 31 the liquid tar that has been cooled in contact and is originally contained in the pyrolysis gas as a fine liquid phase, the tar condensed by cooling, and the oil. It was possible to prevent tar from adhering to the side walls and solidifying. Depending on the temperature range of the liquid phase 31, a polar organic solution (excluding acetic acid) can be simultaneously recovered.

  The temperature of this liquid phase prevents tar from proceeding to polymerization and solidifying in the oil recovered at the same time as tar, while the tar remains in the gas phase and does not proceed to the later stage of the biomass-derived liquid fuel production process. It is desirable that the temperature range be within a range, and the temperature range varies depending on the biomass as a raw material, but it is desirable to control the temperature range to 150 to 250 ° C.

Unlike the conventional case where the pyrolysis gas is supplied to a low-temperature fractionating column of 100 ° C. or lower, in the present invention, the temperature of the liquid phase 31 is set to a temperature at which the tar is condensed but not solidified. In order to recover, tar does not adhere to the inner wall of the pipe or the recovery tank in a state of low fluidity, and does not stick and cause clogging. That is, the pyrolysis gas in the pipe is in the temperature range where tar is mainly in the gas phase, and at the moment when it is blown into the liquid phase 31 of the gas-liquid contact type separation device 20, the tar is mainly in the liquid phase. Therefore, it became possible to solve the problem that the pyrolysis gas was gradually cooled in the piping before the fractionation tower and adhered to the piping by blocking the piping.

  Here, in the liquid phase 31, oil and polar organic solution (excluding acetic acid) contained in the pyrolysis gas are recovered together with tar, and a polar solvent such as alcohol is separately supplied to lower the viscosity of the tar. This eliminates the need for transport and supply of polar solvents such as alcohols, making it possible to install a biomass-derived fuel production plant in the immediate vicinity of a farm where biomass raw materials are generated, and the produced fuel. Since only chemical raw materials are transported, it is possible to reduce transportation costs.

(Modified type of gas-liquid contact type separation device)
As shown in FIG. 2, in the gas-liquid contact type separation device 20, a propeller 25 that is rotated by a motor 22 is installed at the tip of the blowing tube 21, and stirring means that stirs the contact portion between the pyrolysis gas and the liquid phase 31. In addition, it is possible to improve the contact efficiency. By this stirring means, it becomes possible to collect the component to be recovered in the gas 27 in the liquid phase 31 with a high probability. In particular, the gas-liquid contact type separation device 20 is recovered in the first fraction in FIG. When used in the process, the tar content in the gas 27 can be almost recovered, so that it is possible to prevent the problem that the tar adheres and clogs in the subsequent recovery process.

  Here, the stirring means in the present invention is not limited to the propeller 25 having the shape and arrangement shown in FIG. 2, and the same effect can be obtained even with other stirring means for promoting gas-liquid contact. It is possible.

  For example, by installing a plurality of propellers 25 along the rotation axis 28, the diameter of the propeller 25 is set to a length that contacts the inner wall of the blowing pipe 21, and the plurality of propellers 25 move along the rotation axis 28. It is also possible to adopt a configuration in which the tar adhering to the inner wall of the blowing pipe 21 is scraped off. With this configuration, it is possible to provide a stirring unit that enables stirring of the liquid phase 31 and cleaning of the blowing tube 21.

  Further, by expanding the tip portion of the blowing tube 21, it is possible to widen the space for installing the stirring means and to prevent the blowing tube 21 from being blocked.

  Furthermore, a pipe for supplying oils, polar organic solutions, etc. recovered in the subsequent stage after the second fraction recovery step as the liquid phase 31 may be installed in the recovery tank 26. This makes it possible to use oils collected later, polar organic solutions, etc. as the polar solvent.

(Example 1 of biomass-derived liquid fuel production apparatus)
FIG. 3 shows one embodiment of a biomass-derived liquid fuel production plant, in which pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolysis reactor 55 is divided into four stages from the first fraction recovery process to the fourth fraction recovery process. The schematic diagram of the manufacturing plant comprised so that it may be isolate | separated and collected by FIG.

  The first fraction collection step is configured to separate tar with the gravity separation device 10, and fuel containing tar as a main component is obtained as a product in the first fraction collection tank 51. The second fraction collection step includes a condenser 57 and a second fraction collection tank 52, and a fuel mainly composed of oil is obtained as a product. The third fraction collection step includes a condenser 57 and a third fraction collection tank 53, and a fuel whose main component is a polar organic solution is obtained. The fourth fraction collection step includes a condenser 57 and a fourth fraction collection tank 54, and a chemical raw material mainly composed of wood vinegar is obtained as a product. The blower 58 is installed so that the pyrolysis gas is smoothly conveyed from the first fraction collection step to the fourth fraction collection step.

  Here, the substances recovered in the recovery tanks 51, 52, 53, 54 can be controlled by the cooling temperature of the pyrolysis gas in the gravity separator 10 and the condenser 57. For example, in the third fraction recovery step, the pyrolysis gas is cooled in a temperature range in which the polar organic solution becomes a liquid phase and the pyroligneous acid recovered at a later stage becomes a gas phase.

  By installing the gravity separation device 10 in the first fraction collection step, it is possible to remove almost all of the tar contained in the pyrolysis gas, so that clogging due to tar adhesion does not occur in the subsequent collection step. .

  In addition, a refrigerant circulation line 56 is installed in order to use the oil collected in the second fraction collection step as a refrigerant for the cooling jacket 12 in the gravity separator 10. The refrigerant may be not only oil but also a polar organic solution recovered in the third fraction recovery step of FIG.

  Furthermore, after recovering the wood vinegar liquid in the fourth fraction recovery step, water is recovered in the fifth fraction recovery step, and the water recovered in the fifth fraction recovery step is used as cooling water for the entire manufacturing plant. For example, it can be used for cooling the condenser 57 or can be used for cooling each recovery tank.

  As mentioned above, the products obtained in each recovery process are used for cooling the production plant, etc., so that the substances that need to be supplied from the outside are limited to the minimum, and the circulation type has a low environmental impact. It is possible to make it a manufacturing plant.

  In FIG. 3, the pyrolysis gas is fractionated in four stages, but the number of stages can be increased / decreased as necessary. Depending on what is obtained as a product, It is possible to extract arbitrary components by performing temperature control.

(Example 2 of a production apparatus for biomass-derived liquid fuel)
FIG. 4 shows one embodiment of a biomass-derived liquid fuel production plant, which is characterized in that a gas-liquid contact type separation device 20 is used in the first fraction collection step.

  Since most of the tar content contained in the pyrolysis gas is taken out to the first fraction collection tank 51 by the gas-liquid contact type separation device 20, it is possible to prevent clogging due to tar.

(Example 3 of biomass-derived liquid fuel production apparatus)
FIG. 5 is characterized in that a gravity separator 10 is used for the first fraction recovery step and a gas-liquid contact separator 20 is used for the second fraction recovery step. With this configuration, after most of the tar content is removed by the gravity separator 10, the tar content remaining in the pyrolysis gas is further removed by the gas-liquid contact separator 20. It is possible to remove. Therefore, even when the biomass-derived liquid fuel manufacturing apparatus 50 is operated for a long time, the piping is not blocked by tar.

(Test and discussion in the configuration of Example 1)
Below, the test which manufactures a fuel using the biomass-derived liquid fuel manufacturing apparatus 50, and its result are demonstrated. In this test, the manufacturing apparatus 50 shown in FIG. 3 was used. Moreover, the presence or absence of tar precipitation and clogging during the operation of the production apparatus 50 was monitored. Specifically, pressure gauges were installed at various locations in the manufacturing apparatus 50, and precipitation and clogging of tar were observed from pressure loss. Table 1 shows the test conditions and results.

  As shown in Table 1, in Test 1, 208 g of coconut shells was used as a biomass raw material. This insulator glass was put into the pyrolysis reactor 55, and the temperature in the pyrolysis reactor 55 was set to keep approximately 500 ° C. And the temperature in the gravity-type separation apparatus 10 which collect | recovers tar content was set so that it might be kept at about 200 degreeC in general. Under the above conditions, a test for recovering tar, oil, polar organic solution, pyroligneous acid solution and the like from biomass raw materials was performed. Similarly, in Test 2, the weight of the raw material and the temperature of the pyrolysis reactor 55 were changed, and in Test 3, the set temperature of the biomass raw material and the gravity separator 10 was changed.

  As shown in Test 1 of Table 1, the measured values of the thermocouples installed in the pyrolysis reactor 55, the pyrolysis reactor outlet, the gravity separator 10 and the condenser 57 in the second fraction recovery step are 525, respectively. , 324, 201, and 157 ° C. In addition, 101.59 g of recovered product as a product was obtained, and the recovery rate with respect to the weight of the raw material was 48.8%.

  In addition, in Test 1, no pressure loss in the manufacturing apparatus 50 could be confirmed. That is, it can be said that clogging by tar did not occur. Moreover, although the observation window was installed in the upper part of the gravity-type separation apparatus 10, the tar adhering to this observation window was liquid.

  In addition, after the test was completed, pressure loss due to tar solidification could be confirmed in the process of cooling the pipes around the gravity separator 10. Similarly, in Tests 2 and 3, clogging with tar did not occur. In addition, after the test was completed, pressure loss due to tar solidification could be confirmed in the process of cooling the pipes around the gravity separator 10. Similarly, the results of tests 2 and 3 are also shown in Table 1.

  From the results of the above test, when the temperature of the gravity separator 10 is at least 142 ° C. to 201 ° C., it is possible to prevent clogging due to solidification of tar. Further, when the temperature of the condenser 57 in the second fraction collection step is at least 68 ° C. to 157 ° C., it is possible to prevent clogging due to solidification of tar. That is, it can be said that the gravity separation apparatus 10 accurately collects most of the tar that causes the blockage.

(Summary)
By the method and apparatus for producing biomass-derived liquid fuel according to the present invention, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of clogging due to tar and to produce biomass-derived liquid fuel continuously for a long time. In addition, it is possible to obtain high-quality liquid fuel, which makes handling easier during transportation compared to liquid fuels mixed with conventional additives and water, and also eliminates the need for transporting excess water. It was also expensive. Furthermore, since there is no unnecessary matter such as water, it has become possible to provide a high-quality liquid fuel with a high calorific value.

  As described above, the present invention provides a method and an apparatus for producing high-quality fuel and chemical raw material by efficiently fractionating pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis of biomass into tar, oil, water, pyroligneous acid liquid, etc. Furthermore, the present invention has provided a highly efficient method for producing a biomass-derived liquid fuel and an apparatus therefor that are capable of continuous operation without clogging of piping due to adhesion and sticking of tar.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Gravity type | formula separation apparatus 11 Tubular substance 16 Recovery tank 20 Gas-liquid contact-type separation apparatus 21 Blow-in pipe 50 Biomass origin liquid fuel manufacturing apparatus 55 Pyrolysis reactor

Claims (10)

A method for producing a biomass-derived liquid fuel, in which a pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolyzing a biomass raw material is fractionated in multiple stages to produce a liquid fuel,
A biomass-derived liquid fuel comprising: a pyrolysis step in which a biomass raw material is pyrolyzed to generate a pyrolysis gas; and a fraction recovery step in which at least a tar content is recovered from the pyrolysis gas immediately after the pyrolysis step. Manufacturing method. The fraction collection process
In the polar solvent supplied into the recovery tank installed at the lower end of the cylindrical body, the pyrolysis gas is allowed to flow from the upper side to the lower side inside the cylindrical body installed in the vertical type. The method for producing a biomass-derived liquid fuel according to claim 1, wherein the vapor phase after the tar content is recovered is exhausted. The fraction collection process
While blowing the pyrolysis gas directly into the liquid phase with the lower end immersed in the liquid phase and floating the pyrolysis gas as bubbles, at least the tar content and the oil content in the pyrolysis gas are The method for producing a biomass-derived liquid fuel according to claim 1, wherein the liquid phase is recovered by gas-liquid contact, and the gas phase after gas-liquid contact is exhausted. A method for producing a biomass-derived liquid fuel, in which a pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolyzing a biomass raw material is fractionated in multiple stages to produce a liquid fuel,
A pyrolysis step of pyrolyzing the biomass raw material to generate pyrolysis gas;
A first fraction that cools the pyrolysis gas while flowing downward from above the cylinder, collects the liquid tar in the cylinder in a polar solvent, and exhausts the gas phase after the tar is recovered A recovery process;
A pyrolysis gas is directly blown with a blowing tube whose lower end is immersed in the liquid phase, and at least tar and oil in the gas phase are recovered by gas-liquid contact in the liquid phase, and the gas phase after the gas-liquid contact is recovered. The manufacturing method of the biomass origin liquid fuel characterized by including the 2nd fraction collection process to exhaust. In a biomass-derived liquid fuel production apparatus that produces liquid fuel by fractionating the pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolyzing biomass raw material in multiple stages,
A gravity separation device is connected to the pyrolysis reactor for pyrolyzing the biomass raw material, and the gas phase is exhausted from the gravity separation device to the subsequent recovery device,
The gravitational separator is provided with a cooling jacket on the outer periphery, and cools the pyrolysis gas while flowing downward from above, and a liquid that is installed at the lower end of the cylindrical object and falls from within the cylindrical object. An apparatus for producing a biomass-derived liquid fuel, comprising a recovery tank for recovering a phase.   6. The biomass-derived liquid fuel production apparatus according to claim 5, wherein an inner wall temperature of the cylindrical material is controlled to a temperature range in which at least tar in the pyrolysis gas is condensed.   The apparatus for producing a biomass-derived liquid fuel according to claim 5 or 6, wherein a polar solvent having affinity with tar and capable of supplying fuel can be supplied into the recovery tank.   The biomass-derived liquid fuel according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein a burner for burning and removing the tar adhering to the cylindrical object is installed in the cylindrical object. Manufacturing equipment. In a biomass-derived liquid fuel production apparatus that produces liquid fuel by fractionating the pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolyzing biomass raw material in multiple stages,
A gas-liquid contact type separation device is connected to a pyrolysis reactor for pyrolyzing biomass raw material, and the gas-liquid contact type separation device is configured to exhaust the gas phase to a subsequent recovery device,
The gas-liquid contact type separation device includes a recovery tank having a liquid phase containing at least a tar content and an oil content recovered from a pyrolysis gas, and a blow for directly blowing the pyrolysis gas into the liquid phase of the recovery tank An apparatus for producing a biomass-derived liquid fuel comprising a pipe.   10. The apparatus for producing biomass-derived liquid fuel according to claim 9, wherein the gas-liquid contact type separation device comprises a blowing pipe having a widened tip and a stirring means installed at a tip of the blowing pipe. .

Images