JP2012201770A - Organic matter gasification system and method for dissolving thermal decomposer differential pressure therein - Google Patents

Abstract

A technique for eliminating a differential pressure with respect to a reformer generated in a pyrolyzer.
The above-described problems are solved by circulating a heat carrier and supplying hot air from a hot air generator 1 to a preheater 2 when a measurement result by a pressure gauge 4p of a pyrolyzer 4 exceeds a predetermined steady operation allowable range. In this differential pressure elimination operation, when the measurement result by the pressure gauge 4p of the pyrolyzer 4 returns to the predetermined steady operation allowable range, the supply of the organic material raw material is stopped and the differential pressure elimination operation is stopped. In addition, it can be solved by restarting the supply of the organic material raw material and ending the differential pressure elimination operation.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a gasification system for organic substances such as woody biomass and a method for eliminating a thermal cracker differential pressure.

  In recent years, as a new energy supply system aimed at substituting fossil fuels and preventing global warming, technologies for gasifying woody biomass such as thinned wood and generating heat and electrical energy using this gas as fuel have been proposed and used. ing.

  Various gasification systems have been proposed. Among them, the heat carrier circulation system described in Patent Document 1 is one that is excellent in that it can generate a gas having a high hydrogen concentration. This gasification system includes a preheater, a reformer, a pyrolyzer, and a separator in order from the top, and a large number of heat carriers (heat carrying media) for carrying heat are heated by the preheater. Thereafter, the reformer, the thermal decomposer, and the separator are sequentially passed, and then returned to the preheater again by a transfer device such as a bucket conveyor.

  The organic material raw material is continuously and quantitatively supplied to the upper supply port of the pyrolyzer by, for example, a supply pipe connecting the reformer and the pyrolyzer by an appropriate quantitative feeder such as a screw conveyor. The organic substance supplied into the pyrolyzer comes into contact with a heated heat carrier supplied from the preheater via the reformer, and thereby char (solid carbon-containing residue) and pyrolysis gas (volatile) Sex phase). The char that is a solid content is supplied to the separator together with the heat carrier, and the pyrolysis gas that is a gas is raised and supplied to the reformer while making countercurrent contact with the heat carrier.

  The reformer is supplied with water vapor as a reaction medium, and is in contact with the water vapor under the condition that the pyrolysis gas is heated by a heat carrier and is in a high temperature environment of about 950 ° C. The hydrogen-containing concentration is much higher than the pyrolysis gas generated at around 0 ° C., and thus the amount produced is also increased.

  The gas generated in the reformer is sent to the gas processing / utilizing facility by an induction blower provided on the downstream side through a reformed gas discharge port provided in the upper part of the reformer.

  On the other hand, in the separator, the mixture supplied from the pyrolyzer is separated into char and heat carrier. The separated char is supplied to a hot air generator such as a hot stove, and the heat carrier is returned to the preheater by the transfer device.

  In the hot air generator, hot air (high temperature exhaust gas) is generated by the combustion of char. This hot air is supplied to the preheater, passed between the heat carriers passing through the preheater in a deposited state, and the heat carrier is heated by directly contacting the heat carrier. In the hot air generator, ash is generated by the combustion of char. Most of the ash is collected and removed in the hot air generator 1, but a part of the ash is supplied to the preheater and removed by a separating means such as a cyclone provided in the exhaust path of the preheater.

  On the other hand, in the connecting pipe connecting the reformer and the pyrolyzer, a funnel-shaped breathable heat carrier pipe attached to the lower end discharge port of the reformer and the lower end discharge of the breathable heat carrier pipe. A valve for opening and closing the outlet is provided. During the circulation of the heat carrier, this valve is repeatedly opened and closed at a predetermined interval, so that the solid content of the heat carrier or the like passes through a fixed amount intermittently. Regardless of whether the valve is opened or closed, the pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolyzer permeates through the breathable heat carrier pipe and rises freely to the reformer, and the difference in internal pressure (differential pressure, pressure between both devices) (Difference) hardly occurs.

Japanese Patent No. 4264525

  However, in the above-described system, the breathable heat carrier pipe provided in the connection pipe between the pyrolyzer and the reformer is blocked with ash / dust (powder other than ash), and the original reformer However, there is a problem that a differential pressure exceeding 1 kPa is generated, where the internal pressure of the heat generator and the internal pressure of the pyrolyzer should be equal.

  Since the pyrolyzer is a gas generator, the upper end of the pyrolyzer is connected to the seal pot via a gas extraction pipe when the internal pressure of the pyrolyzer rises due to some abnormality. When the internal pressure of the pyrolyzer rises above the set pressure of the seal pot, the gas in the pyrolyzer is extracted into the seal pot and released into the atmosphere through the chimney. However, if a differential pressure is generated between the reformer and the pyrolyzer, (1) the gas generated in the pyrolyzer will not flow into the reformer and no reformed gas will be generated. 2) If gasification is continued with the differential pressure left unattended, the pyrolysis gas must be released into the atmosphere through the seal pot. It is.

  Moreover, since such troubles occur at intervals of several hours after the raw material supply exceeds a certain amount, there are cases in which operation loss is immeasurable even if disassembly and cleaning are performed each time.

  At first, ash and dust generated from ash, heat carriers and refractory bricks were thought to accumulate in the lower part of the hot air generator. However, in reality, the accumulation of ash and dust in the hot air generator is not observed so much, and a large amount of accumulation is seen in the lower part of the bucket conveyor. Clogging of holes in the punching metal with ash / dust was observed. Therefore, when the ash / dust and char were collected, and the new heat carriers, such as alumina balls, refractory bricks, and insulation, were analyzed using fluorescent X-rays, the ash / dust components varied depending on the collection location. However, in any case, the main component was a constituent material containing aluminum, calcium, iron, silicon and potassium at 1% or more. Potassium was not detected in alumina balls, and it was found that refractory bricks and heat insulating materials had a composition of 1% or less, and the char was found to contain about 20%. It was also found that calcium, which is another main component of ash, is not usable in considering the origin of ash / dust because it is contained in refractory bricks by about 10 percent. It was confirmed that the ash / dust contained several percent potassium, and the ash / dust was confirmed to be a mixture of powder and ash from the furnace.

  In the heat carrier circulation system targeted by the present invention, since heat is supplied by circulation of the heat carrier, it is inevitable that powder is generated due to friction and impact when these are circulated. Organic materials are used as gasification raw materials, but in pyrolysis, there is no combustion in the pyrolyzer or reformer due to indirect gasification, and there are three gasification raw materials: gas, char, and tar. It is assumed that no ash is generated in the reactor after being decomposed. However, the analysis of ash and dust obtained in the open furnace inspection confirmed the inclusion of ash. In this Blue Tower system, ash generation in the plant is inevitable.

  Therefore, a main problem of the present invention is to make it possible to eliminate the differential pressure with respect to the reformer, which is inevitably generated in the heat decomposer of the heat carrier circulation system, without requiring disassembly and cleaning.

The present invention that has solved the above problems is as follows.
<Invention of Claim 1>
A number of heat carriers for carrying heat, a preheater for heating the heat carrier, a reformer for performing steam reforming of the pyrolysis gas, and pyrolysis for pyrolyzing the organic material raw material And a hot air generator for generating hot air,
The heat carrier is passed through the preheater, the reformer, and the thermal decomposer in this order, and then returned to the preheater by the transfer device and circulated, and the organic material raw material is supplied into the thermal decomposer, Supplying steam directly or indirectly into the reformer,
In the pyrolyzer, the organic material is pyrolyzed into char and pyrolysis gas by bringing it into contact with a heated heat carrier, and the pyrolysis gas is reformed in countercurrent contact with the heat carrier. Supply
In the reformer, a gas having an improved hydrogen-containing concentration is produced by bringing the pyrolysis gas into contact with the water vapor while being heated by the heat carrier,
In the hot air generator, hot air is generated and supplied to the preheater,
In the preheater, the hot air supplied from the hot air generator is passed between the heat carriers passing through the preheater in a deposited state, and the heat carrier is heated by directly contacting the heat carrier.
An organic material gasification system configured as follows:
A connecting line connecting the reformer and the pyrolyzer;
It is arranged in this connection pipe line so as to be separated from the inner surface of the connection pipe line, and has a pipe wall formed with a vent hole through which the pyrolysis gas passes inside and outside but the heat carrier does not pass inside and outside, and A breathable heat carrier line having an inlet for the heat carrier discharged from the reformer and an outlet for discharging the introduced heat carrier into the connecting line;
A valve for opening and closing the release of the heat carrier from the heat carrier conduit;
A pyrolyzer pressure gauge for measuring the internal pressure of the pyrolyzer,
When the measurement result by the pyrolyzer pressure gauge exceeds a predetermined steady operation allowable range, the organic material raw material is kept while circulating the heat carrier and supplying hot air from the hot air generator to the preheater. To stop the supply of pressure, perform differential pressure elimination operation,
In this differential pressure elimination operation, when the measurement result by the pyrolyzer pressure gauge returns to the predetermined steady operation allowable range, the supply of the organic material raw material is resumed and the differential pressure elimination operation is terminated. did,
An organic material gasification system characterized by that.

(Function and effect)
The cause of the pressure increase (differential pressure) that inevitably occurs in the pyrolyzer is that the vent hole of the breathable heat carrier pipe provided in the connection pipe between the pyrolyzer and the reformer is blocked with ash / dust. However, the ash / dust clogged in the air vents is a light thing that will fall off if you poke it with your finger, and it will not harden. Therefore, when such clogging with ash / dust occurs, if the raw material supply is stopped and the preheating and circulation of the heat carrier are continued, the increase in the internal pressure of the pyrolyzer stops due to the stoppage of the generation of pyrolysis gas, and the movement The heat carrier that comes into contact with the air vent and ash / dust, and the impact force and extrusion force push the ash / dust inside the air vent out of the air vent and peel off / drop off, and the reformer through the air vent Since the air permeability to the water is restored, the differential pressure with respect to the reformer can be eliminated without disassembly and cleaning.

<Invention of Claim 2>
2. The organic material gasification system according to claim 1, wherein the vent hole has a tapered shape whose diameter increases from the inside to the outside of the breathable heat carrier pipe.

(Function and effect)
If the shape of the vent is the same from the inside to the outside of the breathable heat carrier conduit, the ash / dust layer entering the vent will easily grow and clogged ash / dust will be difficult to escape. In addition, if the taper shape has a diameter that increases from the inner side to the outer side of the breathable heat carrier pipe line, even if ash / dust adhesion starts, blockage is unlikely to occur. That is, the vent hole is open on the inner surface of the breathable heat carrier conduit and is in contact with the moving heat carrier, and as a result, ash and dust are pushed into the vent hole. At this time, if the vent hole has a tapered shape whose diameter increases as it goes outward as described above, the ash and dust in the vent hole are pushed out of the vent hole and easily peeled off and dropped. The situation of growing up to blockage is less likely to occur.

<Invention of Claim 3>
The seal pot is provided with a gas extraction pipe having one end inserted into the stored liquid in the seal pot to a predetermined depth and the other end communicating with the inside of the pyrolyzer. There is an opening / closing valve,
A gas inlet for supplying an inert gas under pressure is provided in the pyrolyzer,
When the measurement result by the pyrolyzer pressure gauge exceeds a predetermined steady operation allowable range, in place of the differential pressure canceling operation or performing the differential pressure canceling operation and closing the gas extraction on / off valve Then, the operation of instantaneously pressurizing and supplying an inert gas into the pyrolyzer through the gas blowing port is performed once or a plurality of times,
By this operation, when the measurement result by the pyrolyzer pressure gauge returns to the predetermined steady operation allowable range, the gas extraction on-off valve is configured to open.
The gasification system of the organic substance of Claim 1 or 2.

(Function and effect)
When an operation of supplying pressurized inert gas into the pyrolyzer instantaneously is performed, if the impact due to the pressure rise is sufficiently transmitted to the plugged ash / dust, the plugged ash / dust inside the vent is transferred to the reformer side. Alternatively, it can be blown off to the pyrolyzer side. However, as described above, since the pyrolyzer is a gas generator, when the internal pressure of the pyrolyzer rises due to some abnormality, the upper end of the pyrolyzer is connected to the seal pot via the gas extraction pipe. When the internal pressure of the pyrolyzer rises above the set pressure of the seal pot, the gas in the pyrolyzer is extracted into the seal pot and released into the atmosphere via the chimney. . Therefore, even if inert gas is simply supplied into the pyrolyzer, the seal pot absorbs the pressure fluctuation, and the impact cannot be efficiently transmitted to the plugged ash / dust. Therefore, as described above, an on-off valve is provided on the gas extraction pipe to the seal pot, and by supplying the inert gas under pressure with this valve closed, the impact due to the pressure rise is effective against the blocked ash and dust. The effect of removing plugging ash and dust is enhanced. As a result, the differential pressure can be eliminated in a short time. On the other hand, the above-mentioned differential pressure elimination operation and vent hole shape improvement technology uses and assists the natural removal of ash and dust that block the vent holes, and it takes some time to eliminate the differential pressure. Is required.

<Invention of Claim 4>
A large number of heat carriers for carrying heat, preheaters for heating the heat carriers, reformers for performing steam reforming of pyrolysis gases, and pyrolysis devices for pyrolyzing organic material raw materials After passing through in order, it is returned to the preheater by the transfer device and circulated,
Supplying organic material raw material into the pyrolyzer, and supplying steam directly or indirectly into the reformer;
In the pyrolyzer, the organic material is pyrolyzed into char and pyrolysis gas by bringing it into contact with a heated heat carrier, and the pyrolysis gas is reformed in countercurrent contact with the heat carrier. Supply
In the reformer, a gas having an improved hydrogen-containing concentration is produced by bringing the pyrolysis gas into contact with the water vapor while being heated by the heat carrier,
A hot air generator generates hot air and supplies it to the preheater.
In the preheater, the hot air supplied from the hot air generator is passed between the heat carriers passing through the preheater in a deposited state, and the heat carrier is heated by directly contacting the heat carrier.
A method for resolving a thermal cracker differential pressure in an organic material gasification system;
A connecting line connecting the reformer and the pyrolyzer;
It is arranged in this connection pipe line so as to be separated from the inner surface of the connection pipe line, and has a pipe wall formed with a vent hole through which the pyrolysis gas passes inside and outside but the heat carrier does not pass inside and outside, and A breathable heat carrier line having an inlet for the heat carrier discharged from the reformer and an outlet for discharging the introduced heat carrier into the connecting line;
A valve for opening and closing the release of the heat carrier from the heat carrier pipeline,
When the internal pressure of the pyrolyzer exceeds a predetermined steady operation allowable range, supply of the organic material raw material is continued while continuing circulation of the heat carrier and supply of hot air from the hot air generator to the preheater. Stop, perform differential pressure elimination operation,
In this differential pressure elimination operation, when the internal pressure of the pyrolyzer returns to the predetermined steady operation allowable range, the supply of the organic material raw material is resumed to complete the differential pressure elimination operation.
A method for eliminating the differential pressure in a pyrolyzer in an organic material gasification system

(Function and effect)
The same effect as that of the first aspect of the invention can be achieved.

  As described above, according to the present invention, there is an advantage that the differential pressure with respect to the reformer inevitably generated in the heat decomposer of the heat carrier circulation system can be eliminated without requiring disassembly and cleaning. Brought about.

It is a flowchart of a gasification system. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a preheater. It is AA sectional drawing and BB sectional drawing of FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a reformer. It is CC sectional drawing and DD sectional drawing of FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a pyrolyzer. It is EE sectional drawing of FIG. It is the schematic of a separator. It is the schematic of an umbrella-shaped screen. It is the schematic of a separator. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a preheater. It is FF sectional drawing of FIG. It is a fractured perspective view of a preheater. It is sectional drawing of a breathable heat carrier pipe line.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The gasification system according to the present invention can be implemented, for example, with the equipment configuration shown in FIG. That is, the gasification system shown in FIG. 1 includes, in order from the top, a preheater 2, a reformer 3, a pyrolyzer 4, and a separator 5, and a large number of heat carriers for carrying heat. After the (heat-carrying medium) is heated by the preheater 2, the reformer 3, the pyrolyzer 4 and the separator 5 are passed in that order, and then returned to the preheater 2 again by the transfer device 6 such as a bucket conveyor. It is comprised as follows.

  As the heat carrier, a granular material having a particle size of about 5 to 20 mm, preferably about 8 to 12 mm can be used, and a spherical one is particularly suitable. Moreover, as a heat carrier material, a hard material having a large heat capacity such as alumina is suitable. The particle size is measured according to JIS A 1102, “Aggregate Screening Test Method”, using a sieve specified in JIS Z 8801-1, “Sieving for Testing-Part 1: Metal Mesh Screen”. This means the particle size (screen opening) by the sieving method (the same applies hereinafter).

  The organic material raw material is stored in the raw material hopper 17, and is cut out by an appropriate quantitative supply device such as a screw conveyor 14 or a rotary feeder, and via a connecting line 3 x that connects the reformer 3 and the thermal decomposer 4, A fixed amount is continuously supplied to the upper supply port of the pyrolyzer 4. The details of this connecting line are shown in FIG. Above the raw material supply position in the connecting line 3x, a funnel-shaped air-permeable heat carrier line 3e attached to the lower end discharge port of the reformer 3 and a lower end discharge port of the air-permeable heat carrier line 3e. A valve 3b that opens and closes (in the illustrated example, the valve body opens and closes by rotating in the direction of the arrow) is provided, and control such as stopping the passage of solid content such as a heat carrier is possible. In addition, regardless of whether the valve 3b is opened or closed, the pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolyzer 4 is formed in the space between the connecting pipe line 3x and the breathable heat carrier pipe line 3e and in the breathable heat carrier pipe line 3e. It can pass through the tube wall and freely rise to the reformer 3. During the circulation of the heat carrier, the valve 3b is repeatedly opened and closed at a predetermined interval, so that the solid content of the heat carrier or the like is intermittently passed through. The ventilated heat carrier pipe has a funnel-like member (may be cylindrical) in which a large number of vent holes 3f are formed over the entire pipe wall (or part of it) that allow the pyrolysis gas to pass but not the heat carrier. For example, it can be formed by punching metal or the like.

  As the organic material raw material, woody biomass such as thinned wood and pruned branches is suitable, but other wastes such as plastic can also be used. Examples of the waste plastic include vinyl chloride, polyurethane, methacrylic resin, polystyrene, polypropylene, and polyethylene. The shape of the organic material raw material is not particularly limited, but it is preferably a material that is crushed, cut, and pelletized to a particle diameter of about φ1 to 50 mm, L = 1 to 150 mm, particularly about 1.6 times the particle diameter of the heat carrier. Can be used.

  The organic substance supplied into the pyrolyzer 4 is brought into contact with a heated heat carrier supplied from the preheater 2 via the reformer 3 in a mixed state, thereby causing an endothermic reaction, and char (solid Carbon-containing residue) and pyrolysis gas (volatile phase). The temperature in the pyrolyzer 4 can be determined as appropriate, but is preferably about 500 to 600 ° C. Among the pyrolysis products, char which is a solid content is supplied to the separator 5 together with the heat carrier via the supply line 4x, and the pyrolysis gas which is a gas is reformed while being in countercurrent contact with the heat carrier. Ascended and supplied to the vessel 3. The supply line 4x is provided with a valve 4b, and a damper 4d is provided in two stages on the downstream side thereof, so that the former can be controlled to stop the passage of solids such as a heat carrier. The latter enables control such as stopping the passage of a gas component. During circulation of the heat carrier, the valve 4b repeats opening and closing at a predetermined interval, and the upper and lower dampers 4d perform the opening and closing operation in the opposite direction, thereby interrupting the passage of gas and interrupting solids such as the heat carrier. Quantitatively passes.

  Further, with respect to the pyrolyzer 4, a gas extraction in which the seal pot 60 and one end are inserted into a stored liquid such as water in the seal pot 60 to a predetermined depth and the other end communicates with the pyrolyzer 4. A pipe 61 is provided, and the internal pressure of the pyrolyzer 4 rises above the set pressure of the seal pot 60 (determined according to the immersion depth of the gas extraction pipe and can be about 4 kPa in the normal case) Then, the gas in the pyrolyzer 4 is extracted into the seal pot 60 and released into the atmosphere through the chimney.

The reformer 3 is supplied with water vapor as a reaction medium. When the pyrolysis gas is heated by the heat carrier and mixed with the water vapor, the reforming reaction of the following formula occurs, High gas is generated. The temperature in the reformer 3 can be determined as appropriate, but is preferably 950 ° C. or higher in order to perform reforming sufficiently and reliably.
C _n H _m + nH ₂ O → nCO + (m / 2 + n) H ₂ (1)
CO + H ₂ O → H ₂ + CO ₂ (2)

  Although steam can be supplied by an appropriate method, in the illustrated example, the water in the water storage tank 19 is pumped by the feed water pump 19p, and is separately supplied from the reformer 3 in the waste heat boiler (indirect contact heat exchanger) 7. Steam is generated using the heat of the supplied product gas and then supplied from the lower part of the reformer 3. In addition to or instead of supplying steam to the reformer 3, steam used for the reforming reaction in the reformer 3 can also be indirectly supplied via the pyrolyzer 4 as shown.

  On the other hand, in the separator 5, the mixture supplied from the pyrolyzer 4 is separated into char and heat carrier. The separated char is supplied to a hot air generator 1 such as a hot stove by a transfer device 1 i such as a screw conveyor, and the heat carrier is returned to the preheater 2 by a transfer device 6. The supply line 6x from the transfer device 6 to the preheater 2 is provided with a valve 6b, and a damper 6d is provided in two stages downstream thereof, and the former stops the passage of solids such as a heat carrier. The latter can be controlled such as stopping the passage of gas components by the latter. During circulation of the heat carrier, the valve 6b repeatedly opens and closes at a predetermined interval, and the upper and lower dampers 6d perform the opening and closing operation in reverse, thereby blocking the passage of gas and interrupting the solids such as the heat carrier. Quantitatively passes.

  The hot air generating apparatus 1 includes a burner, and the char is burned by supplying air into the furnace through the burner, and hot air (high temperature exhaust gas) is generated. In the operation of the hot air generator 1, gas auxiliary fuel such as LPG and liquid fuel such as BDF can be supplied to the burner continuously or when necessary, such as at the start of operation, and burned. Hot air generated by the hot air generator 1 is supplied to the preheater 2. Moreover, the ash produced | generated by combustion of char with the hot air production | generation apparatus 1 is collect | recovered within the hot air production | generation apparatus 1, and is discharged | emitted by the ash storage part 1p.

  In the preheater 2, the hot air supplied from the hot air generator 1 is passed between the heat carriers passing through the preheater 2 in a deposited state, and the heat carrier is heated by directly contacting the heat carrier. The heat carrier heated by the preheater 2 is supplied to the reformer 3 via the supply line 2x. The supply pipe 2x is provided with a valve 2b, and a damper 2d is provided in two stages on the downstream side thereof, so that the former can be controlled to stop the passage of solids such as a heat carrier. The latter enables control such as stopping the passage of a gas component. During the circulation of the heat carrier, the valve 2b repeats opening and closing at a predetermined interval, and the upper and lower dampers 2d perform the opening and closing operation in the opposite direction, thereby interrupting the passage of gas and interrupting the solids such as the heat carrier. Quantitatively passes.

  The hot air used to heat the heat carrier in the preheater 2 is exhausted from the preheater 2 by the induction blower 15, and after the ash / dust D mixed in the exhaust is removed through the separating means 8 such as a cyclone, Is used for heating the air supplied to the hot air generator 1 in the air heater ((indirect contact heat exchanger)) 9 and then released to the atmosphere. In addition, prior to preheating in the air heater 9, heat is exchanged with steam (which can be manufactured and supplied by the above-described method) using a preheater (indirect contact type heat exchanger) 9i, and preheating is performed. More preferred.

  In the illustrated example, the hydrogen-containing product gas generated by the reformer 3 is sent from the reformer 3 to the gas treatment / use facility by the induction blower 11 and cooled to about 250 ° C. by the waste heat boiler 7. Subsequently, after being supplied to the wet scrubber 10 to remove tar and cooled to about 40 ° C., it is stored in the gas holder 12. The wet scrubber 10 in the illustrated example discharges cleaning water sprayed from the upper part from the lower part, cools it with a cooler (indirect contact heat exchanger) 10c, and sprays water again from the upper part. Denotes a washing water circulation pump, 10d denotes a cooling water circulation pump for circulating cooling water to the cooler, 10t denotes a cooling tower for cooling the cooling water with water, and 18 denotes washing. 1 shows a wastewater treatment device for treating water.

  Although the form of use of the generated gas is not particularly limited, as shown in the figure, it is also one preferable form that the gas engine generator 13 is used to convert it into electric power. Moreover, it is also a preferable form that a part of the generated gas is used as an auxiliary fuel for the hot air generator 1.

  On the other hand, the circulation cycle of the heat carrier can be adjusted by operating the opening / closing frequency (interval) of the segment valves 2b, 3b, 4b, 6b provided between the respective units. Is appropriate as the cycle time. This one cycle can be obtained by dividing the total heat carrier amount by the circulation amount per hour.

  Further, the temperature in the preheater 2, the temperature of the exhaust gas from the preheater 2, the temperature in the reformer 3, and the temperature in the pyrolyzer 4 can be monitored by thermometers 2t, 2x, 3t, and 4t, respectively. Here, the temperature in the preheater 2 is the temperature of the lower part in the preheater 2 (that is, the temperature of the heat carrier before the preheating is completed and discharged toward the reformer 3 as can be seen from the illustrated position. Equals). Similarly, as can be seen from the illustrated position, the temperature in the reformer 3 is the temperature in the lower portion in the reformer 3 (that is, equal to the temperature of the heat carrier before being discharged toward the thermal decomposer 4). And the temperature in the pyrolyzer 4 means the temperature of the lower part in the pyrolyzer 4 (that is, equal to the temperature of the heat carrier before being discharged toward the separator).

  Furthermore, the internal pressure of the reformer 3 and the internal pressure of the pyrolyzer 4 can be measured by pressure gauges 3p and 4p provided at the top of each unit.

(Preheater)
Although the preheater 2 is not particularly limited, for example, one having an ash removing means as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is suitable. That is, the preheater 2 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 has a cylindrical upper heat carrier passage 20 extending in the vertical direction, and a funnel shape (inverted truncated truncated cone shape) continuous below the upper heat carrier passage 20. The lower heat carrier passage 21 may be used as long as the diameter decreases toward the lower side.) The lower heat carrier passage 21 is provided at the center of the upper surface of the upper heat carrier passage 20 and at the lower end of the lower heat carrier passage 21. The exhaust port 21x has an exhaust port 20x on the side surface of the upper heat carrier passage 20 and a hot air outlet 22n on the side surface of the lower heat carrier passage 21, respectively.

  In the illustrated example, the lower heat carrier passage 21 is formed by a funnel-shaped member 22 having a large number of transmission holes 22n formed on the entire surface, such as punching metal, and surrounds the outside of the funnel-shaped member 22. An annular space 23 is formed, and a hot air supply port 24 from the outside communicates with a side surface of the annular space 23, the transmission hole 22 n of the funnel-shaped member 22 serves as a hot air blowing port, and the annular space 23 serves as a hot air blowing port 22 n. It becomes a distribution supply path communicating with all. The funnel-shaped member 22 can be formed of a heat-resistant metal such as a nickel alloy or a heat-resistant ceramic such as alumina ceramics, and the peripheral walls of the upper heat carrier passage 20 and the annular space 23 can be formed of a heat-resistant ceramic material such as alumina ceramics. The outer surface of 2 can be formed of an iron skin.

  In the preheater 2, the heat carrier descends while maintaining a certain accumulation state in the upper and lower heat carrier passages 20, 21, and passes through the lower heat carrier passage 21 from each hot air outlet 22 n, that is, It is heated in contact with hot air blown from a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction. As described above, when hot air is supplied from a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction to the heat carrier group passing through the lower heat carrier passage 21, the number of passages of the heat carrier decreases as the diameter of the lower heat carrier passage 21 decreases. The high-temperature hot air from the hot air generating device 1 is brought into contact with more heat carriers directly or in a state close to it, so that the heating efficiency of the heat carrier is excellent.

  Characteristically, the size of the transmission hole 22n of the funnel-shaped member 22 is set so that the ash / dust D passes but the heat carrier does not pass, and communicates to the outside from the annular space 23 which is a distribution supply path. The ash / dust D outlet 25 is formed. The shape of the transmission hole 22n of the funnel-shaped member 22 may be an appropriate shape such as an elliptical shape or a triangular shape in addition to a circular shape as shown in the illustrated example. The size of the transmission hole 22n can be determined as appropriate according to the size of the heat carrier. For example, the diameter of the transmission hole 22n (in the case of a circular hole means the diameter, and short in the case of other shapes (elliptical hole or the like)). The diameter (meaning the shortest of the diameters) can be less than the particle diameter of the heat carrier, particularly 70% or less, and the lower end of the ash / dust D outlet is aligned with the lower end of the annular space 23. Furthermore, the outlet 25 preferably extends from the side surface of the annular space 23 in the horizontal direction or downward.

  By having such an outlet 25, the ash / dust D accumulated in the preheater 2 is removed through the outlet 25, and the hot air outlet 22n and the distribution supply path 23 can be prevented from being blocked. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the heating carrier heating efficiency in the preheater 2 from decreasing with time, and to prevent the hydrogen concentration of the product gas from decreasing.

  The removal of the ash / dust D from the outlet 25 may be performed by mechanical means such as ash scraping. However, since the operation becomes complicated, the blowing that communicates with the distribution supply path 23 as in the illustrated example. An opening 26 is provided, and compressed air (inert gas may be used instead of compressed air; the same applies hereinafter) is blown from here, and ash / dust D is placed on the compressed air and discharged from the outlet 25. Then, it is preferable because the ash / dust D can be extracted regardless of the temperature in the furnace, and can also be automatically executed periodically. The number, position, and blowing direction of the blowing ports 26 can be determined as appropriate. However, it is preferable that the blowing ports 26 are provided on the side surface opposite to the outlet 25 in the annular distribution supply path 23 as illustrated. In particular, a plurality (two in the illustrated example) of the air inlets 26 are provided side by side in the circumferential direction, and compressed air from one air inlet 26 is supplied from one side of the annular distribution supply passage 23 as indicated by an arrow in the figure. Further, if the compressed air from the other blow-in port 26 is caused to circulate from the other side of the annular distribution supply path 23 toward the outlet 25, the ash / dust D in the distribution supply path 23 is smoothed. Since it can send out to the extraction outlet 25, it is preferable. The discharge of ash by the compressed air in the preheater 2 can be performed during the gasification operation as well as when the gasification operation is not performed. When discharging ash by compressed air, in order not to lower the temperature in the preheater 2, the compressed air to be supplied is appropriately exchanged with, for example, heat exchange with the waste heat similar to the supply air to the hot air generator 1. It can be supplied after being heated in advance to the temperature in the reformer 3 or in the vicinity thereof by the heating means.

(Reformer)
Ashes move in the order of the preheater 2, the reformer 3, and the pyrolyzer 4 along with the heat carrier, a path (for example, in the reformer 3 and between the reformer 3 and the pyrolyzer 4 (for example, And other problems such as an abnormal rise in the internal pressure of the thermal decomposer 4 due to blockage of the path between the reformer 3 and the thermal decomposer 4. This problem is alleviated by removing the ash in the preheater 2 described above, but it is more preferable to provide ash removing means in the reformer 3 as well.

  4 and 5 show an example of the reformer 3 having the same ash removal means as the preheater 2. That is, the reformer 3 has a cylindrical upper heat carrier passage 30 extending in the vertical direction, and a funnel shape (inverted truncated truncated cone shape continuous below the upper heat carrier passage 30. The diameter increases toward the lower side. The lower heat carrier passage 31, the supply port 30 i at the center of the upper surface of the upper heat carrier passage 30, and the gas introduction and heat carrier discharge at the lower end of the lower heat carrier passage 31. The outlet 31x, the reformed gas discharge port 30x on the side surface of the upper heat carrier passage 30 and the water vapor inlet 37 communicating with the lower end of the lower heat carrier passage 31 are provided.

  In the reformer 3, the heat carrier sufficiently heated by the preheater 2 is supplied from the upper supply port 30 i, and the reforming is performed while lowering the upper and lower heat carrier passages 30, 31 while maintaining a certain degree of deposition. The inside of the mass container 3 is maintained at the reforming reaction temperature. Under this temperature condition, the pyrolysis gas and water vapor introduced into the reformer 3 cause the above-described reforming reaction to generate a reformed gas containing a high amount of hydrogen, and the gas is passed through the reformed gas outlet 30x. Supplied to processing and utilization facilities.

  Characteristically, in the reformer 3 of the illustrated example, the lower heat carrier passage 31 is formed by a funnel-shaped member 32 having a large number of transmission holes 32n formed on the entire surface, such as punching metal. The size of the transmission hole 32n of the funnel-shaped member 32 is set so that the ash / dust D passes but the heat carrier does not pass, and an annular space 33 is formed so as to surround the outside of the funnel-shaped member 32. An ash / dust outlet 35 communicating with the outside from the side surface of the annular space 33 is formed. The through hole 32n of the funnel-shaped member 32 becomes an ash / dust intake port, and the annular space 33 becomes an ash / dust drop space communicating with all of the ash / dust intake port 32n. By having the ash / dust intake port 32n, the ash / dust removal space 33, and the outlet 35, ash / dust D that cannot be removed by the preheater 2 can be removed by the reformer 3, Accumulation of ash / dust D in the reformer 3 and in the path between the reformer 3 and the pyrolyzer 4 can be effectively prevented.

  The funnel-shaped member 32 can be formed of a heat-resistant metal such as a nickel alloy or a heat-resistant ceramic such as alumina ceramic, and the peripheral walls of the upper heat carrier passage 30 and the annular space 33 can be formed of a heat-resistant ceramic material. Can be formed by iron skin.

  The position and orientation of the ash / dust outlet 35, such as the shape and size of the transmission hole 32n of the funnel-shaped member 32, can be modified in the same manner as in the preheater 2. Further, as in the case of the preheater 2, in order to make it easy to take out the ash / dust from the outlet 35, an air inlet 36 communicating with the ash / dust drop space 33 is provided. Compressed air (inert gas may be used instead of compressed air; the same applies hereinafter) may be blown and discharged from the outlet 35. The ash / dust D is discharged by the compressed air in the reformer 3 when the gasification operation is not performed. When discharging the ash / dust D, in order to prevent the temperature inside the reformer 3 from being lowered, the compressed air to be supplied is appropriately exchanged with, for example, heat exchange with the waste heat similar to the supply air to the hot air generator 1. It can be supplied after being heated in advance to the temperature in the reformer 3 or near by the heating means. The position and direction of the compressed air blowing port 36 can be modified in the same manner as in the preheater 2. In the illustrated example, a blowing port 36 is added to the center between the blowing ports 36 on both sides with respect to the blowing port arrangement similar to that of the preheater 2.

(Separator)
The separator 5 is not particularly limited, and a rotary sieve, a vibrating sieve, or the like can be suitably used. In the case of using the separator 5 using such a screen, if the size of the char after pyrolysis is sufficiently smaller than the heat carrier, the heat carrier and the char can be reliably connected by using a screen that allows only the char smaller than the heat carrier to pass through. Can be separated. However, in reality, there is a limit even if the particle size of the organic material raw material is made uniform by crushing or the like, and generation of char larger than the heat carrier is inevitable, and this large lump of char is sent to the preheater 2 together with the heat carrier. The ash is generated by burning in the preheater 2. Moreover, the ash generated in this way is more easily deposited in the heat carrier circulation path, such as in the preheater 2 and the reformer 3, than being discharged with the exhaust of the preheater 2.

  Therefore, as shown in FIG. 8, as the separator 5, the first solid having a particle size equal to that of the heat carrier (mainly heat carrier) and the second solid having a particle size smaller than the first solid (mainly small). Char) and a third solid having a particle size larger than that of the first solid (mainly large char), and the first solid, the second solid and the second solid separated by the separator 5 Of the three solids, the first solid is returned to the preheater 2 by the transfer device 6, and the second solid and the third solid are preferably supplied to the hot stove 1.

  The separator 5 is separated into solids of three types of particle sizes, and is configured to send char larger than the heat carrier to the hot stove generator 1 together with char smaller than the heat carrier, and ash / dust in the heat carrier circulation path. It is preferable to suppress the deposition of D. In reality, strict separation is difficult, and a certain amount of char is supplied to the preheater 2 together with the heat carrier, and ash is generated in the preheater 2. It is a very effective means.

  The form of the separator 5 is not particularly limited. For example, as shown in the figure, a cylindrical inner screen 50 that allows the first solid and the second solid to pass but does not pass the third solid, and the second solid A two-stage screen type rotary sieve 5 having a cylindrical outer screen 51 having a diameter larger than that of the inner screen 50, which allows the objects to pass therethrough but does not allow the first and third solid substances to pass therethrough, can be used. In the rotary sieve 5, the separation object supplied into the screens 50 and 51 is such that the axes of the screens 50 and 51 are slightly inclined with respect to the horizontal direction (in addition to or instead of this). Further, the blades extending along the spiral direction are projected on the inner peripheral surfaces of the screens 50 and 51, and the blades are rotated along with the rotation of the screens 50 and 51 so that the separation object is transferred like a screw conveyor. And the screens 50 and 51 are rotated around the axis so that the screens 50 and 51 pass through the screens 50 and 51 while moving downward in the rotation direction of the screens 50 and 51 and in the inclination direction of the axis. It is based on the basic principle that it is separated into a thing and a thing which does not pass. In this example, when the char and heat carrier to be separated are supplied to one end side of the inner screen 50, the first solid and the second solid pass through the inner screen 50 and are supplied into the outer screen 51. The third solid material moves to the other end side of the inner screen 50 without passing through the inner screen 50, is collected from the opening on the other end side of the inner screen 50, and is supplied into the outer screen 51. Of the second solids, the second solids are collected through the outer screen 51, and the first solids move to the other end of the outer screen 51 without passing through the outer screen 51. It is collect | recovered from opening of the other end side.

(Pyrolyzer)
Chars larger than the heat carrier can be solved by separating them into three types of particle sizes in the separator 5, but there is a problem that the cost and installation area of the separator 5 increase. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the heat carrier discharge port 41x in the pyrolyzer 4 has a first solid material having a particle size equal to that of the heat carrier, and a second particle size smaller than that of the first solid material. It is also a preferable form to cover with a screen 42 that allows solids to pass but does not pass third solids having a particle size larger than the first solids. More specifically, the pyrolyzer 4 in the illustrated example has a cylindrical upper passage 40 extending in the vertical direction, and a funnel shape (inverted truncated truncated cone shape continuous below the upper passage 40). A lower passage 41), a supply port 40i at the center of the upper surface of the upper passage 40, a discharge port 41x covered with a screen 42 at the lower end of the lower passage 41, Each side surface of the lower passage 41 has a water vapor inlet 44.

  By providing such a discharge port screen 42, char larger than the heat carrier can be stopped by the screen 42 and not discharged from the thermal decomposer 4, and only the heat carrier and char smaller than the heat carrier can pass through the screen 42. The char larger than the heat carrier is prevented from being sent to the preheater 2 regardless of the separator 5 (that is, even if using a simple separator 5 such as a sieve device that passes only char smaller than the heat carrier). it can. Moreover, the char larger than the heat carrier stopped by the screen 42 is crushed by receiving external force due to heat and the movement of the heat carrier, and eventually passes through the screen 42 with a size smaller than the heat carrier. The discharge port of the pyrolyzer 4 is not blocked.

  The shape and the like of the discharge port screen 42 can be determined as appropriate, and may be flat punching metal. However, as shown in FIG. 9A, an umbrella shape whose diameter increases toward the discharge port 41x (see FIG. 9A). In the example shown, it has a conical shape, but it can also be in the shape of a pyramid, a dome, etc.) On the side of the body, a passage hole 42n (in the illustrated example, an isosceles triangular shape with an opening width increasing toward the discharge port 41x) However, a suitable shape such as a drop-like shape) is preferably provided in the circumferential direction at a predetermined interval. In such an umbrella-shaped screen 42, solids descending in the pyrolyzer 4 can smoothly move to the passage holes 42 n on the side surface of the screen 42. Moreover, since the passage hole 42n on the side surface of the screen 42 has a shape in which the opening width increases toward the discharge port side, the solid matter that descends while contacting along the side surface of the screen 42 enters the passage hole 42n. It is difficult to catch and smooth separation is possible.

  In addition to this, for example, as shown in FIG. 9B, an upper surface that does not have a passage hole and a passage hole 42n that extends with a predetermined width along the vertical direction are formed at intervals in the circumferential direction. A cylindrical screen 42 having a surface and an open bottom surface communicating with the discharge port 41x can also be used.

  On the other hand, when the discharge port screen 42 is provided, as the separator 5, a first solid and a second solid separated by the separator 5 are used, which are separated into two types of a first solid and a second solid. Among these, it is preferable that the first solid material is returned to the preheater 2 by the transfer device 6 and the second solid material is supplied to the hot air generating device 1 because the equipment becomes simpler. However, of course, even if the above three types of separation are used, the effect of improving the separation performance by demultiplexing is brought about. The form of the separator 5 in this case is not particularly limited. For example, as shown in FIG. 10, the rotary sieve 5 having a cylindrical screen 52 that passes the second solid but does not pass the first solid. Can be used. In the rotary sieve 5, when the char and heat carrier to be separated are supplied to one end of the screen 52, the axis of the screen 52 is slightly inclined with respect to the horizontal direction (with or without this) Instead, a configuration in which a blade along the spiral direction is projected on the inner peripheral surfaces of the screens 50 and 51 and the blades are rotated along with the rotation of the screens 50 and 51 so that the separation object is transferred like a screw conveyor. ), And the screen 52 is rotated around the axis, whereby the second solid is collected through the screen 52, and the first solid is not passed through the outer screen 52. The other end side of the outer screen 52 is recovered from the other end side opening.

(Differential pressure elimination)
In the present invention, as a technique for eliminating the differential pressure, mainly (a) differential pressure elimination by idling, (b) ash / dust blockage prevention technology, (c) differential pressure elimination by forced ash / dust removal is proposed. Is done. These can be applied all or a combination of the two techniques. Hereinafter, it demonstrates in order.

(A) Eliminating differential pressure due to idle operation In steady operation, the internal pressure of the pyrolyzer 4 is monitored by a pressure gauge 4p, and when this internal pressure exceeds a predetermined steady operation allowable range, heat carrier circulation and hot air generating device While continuing the hot air supply from 1 to the preheater 2, the supply of the organic material raw material is stopped, and the differential pressure elimination operation (idle operation) is performed. At this time, it is preferable to continue the generated gas induction blower 11, the steam injection b, and the like as they are because the return can be performed quickly, but unnecessary equipment can be stopped. The differential pressure canceling operation may be started automatically when the measurement value by the pressure gauge 4p exceeds a predetermined steady operation allowable range, or configured so that a warning sound or a warning display is generated. Based on the warning, the worker may stop the raw material supply. Further, not only the internal pressure of the pyrolyzer 4 but also the internal pressure of the reformer 3 is measured by the pressure gauge 3p, and when the difference between the two exceeds a predetermined value, the internal pressure of the pyrolyzer 4 is allowed to be a predetermined steady operation. You may make it start differential pressure | voltage elimination driving | operation as what exceeded the range.

  The allowable range of steady operation of the internal pressure of the pyrolyzer 4 can be determined as appropriate. For example, when the pyrolyzer 4 is sucked by the induction blower 11 through the reformer 3, the inside of the pyrolyzer 4 is -0. Since the negative pressure is about 2 kPa, the allowable range of steady operation can be set to 0.7 kPa or less, for example.

  When such a differential pressure elimination operation is performed, the increase in the internal pressure of the pyrolyzer 4 is stopped due to the stoppage of generation of pyrolysis gas, and the moving heat carrier is moved to the vent hole 3f of the breathable heat carrier conduit 3e or the ash / dust. The ash / dust D in the vent hole 3f is pushed out of the vent hole 3f by the impact force and pushing force, and peels and drops off, and the air permeability to the reformer through the vent hole is restored. To do. As a result, the differential pressure with respect to the reformer 3 is naturally eliminated.

  In this differential pressure elimination operation, the internal pressure of the pyrolyzer 4 is monitored by the pressure gauge 4p, and when the internal pressure returns to the predetermined steady operation allowable range, the supply of the organic material is resumed to eliminate the differential pressure. By terminating the operation, it is possible to return to the steady operation. Even in the pressure monitoring of the thermal cracker 4 during the differential pressure elimination operation, it is configured to automatically end and return to the steady operation, or to turn off the warning sound and warning display accompanying the thermal cracker pressure abnormality. Based on this, the worker may restart the supply of the raw material. Furthermore, not only the internal pressure of the pyrolyzer 4 but also the internal pressure of the reformer 3 is monitored by the pressure gauge 3p, and the difference between the two is predetermined. When the value is below the value or each value is within the allowable allowable range for steady operation, the differential pressure elimination operation may be terminated assuming that the internal pressure of the pyrolyzer 4 has returned to the predetermined allowable range for normal operation. Although the time required for the differential pressure elimination operation depends on the scale of the system and the cycle time of the heat carrier, it has been found that the differential pressure is eliminated in a few tens of minutes, and can be dealt with in a significantly shorter time than disassembly and cleaning.

(B) Ash / dust blockage prevention technology In the breathable heat carrier pipe line 3e in the connecting pipe line 3x that connects the reformer 3 and the thermal decomposer 4, the vent hole 3f is a pipe as shown in FIG. When the diameter is the same from the inside to the outside of the road, the layer of ash / dust D entering the vent hole is likely to grow, and the clogged ash / dust D is difficult to escape. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 14 (b), it is also proposed that the shape of the vent hole 3f be a tapered shape whose diameter increases from the inside to the outside of the breathable heat carrier conduit 3e. Thereby, even if adhesion of ash and dust D starts, it becomes difficult to reach obstruction | occlusion. In other words, the vent hole 3f is open on the inner surface of the breathable heat carrier conduit 3e and is a part that contacts the moving heat carrier, and as a result, the ash / dust D is pushed into the vent hole 3f. Go. At this time, if the vent hole 3f has a tapered shape whose diameter increases as it goes outward as described above, the ash / dust D in the vent hole 3f is pushed out of the vent hole and easily peeled off and dropped off. The situation of growing up to the blockage in the 3 f pores is less likely to occur.

(C) Eliminating differential pressure by removing forced ash / dust The above-mentioned techniques (a) and (b) utilize and assist the natural removal force of ash / dust D that closes the vent 3f, It takes a certain amount of time to eliminate the differential pressure. Therefore, a gas blow-in port 4g for supplying an inert gas N such as water vapor or nitrogen under pressure is provided in the pyrolyzer 4 and a gas extraction opening / closing valve 62 is provided in the gas extraction pipe 61 to the seal pot 60. When the measurement result by the pyrolyzer pressure gauge 4p exceeds the above-mentioned allowable range of steady operation, the gas outlet on / off valve 62 is closed and the gas decomposer 4g is not passed through the gas inlet 4g. It is also proposed to perform the operation of supplying the active gas with an instantaneous pressurization one or more times. By this operation, an instantaneous internal pressure rise of the pyrolyzer 4 is generated, and the impact is effectively transmitted to the plugged ash / dust D, and the plugged ash / dust D in the vent 3f is transferred to the reformer 3 side or pyrolyzed. It can be blown away to the container 4 side. On the other hand, even if the inert gas is simply supplied into the pyrolyzer 4 while the gas extraction pipe 61 from the pyrolyzer 4 is connected to the seal pot 60, the seal pot 60 absorbs the pressure fluctuation. Therefore, the impact cannot be efficiently transmitted to the blocked ash / dust D. Even if a flammable gas such as hydrogen is present in the pyrolyzer 4, safety can be ensured if an inert gas is supplied.

  A dedicated gas blowing means can be provided, but a gas purge that blows an inert gas such as nitrogen gas at a pressure of about 10 kPa as a fire prevention device at the time of emergency stop is usually used in a plant that handles this type of fire. Since it is installed, it can be used. In particular, since nitrogen is in a gas state at room temperature unlike water vapor, if it is injected into the thermal decomposer 4, it will be an effective and reliable pressure that blows off the obstruction of the vent 3f. In the illustrated example, the inert gas N is pressurized and supplied through a blowing port 4 g for blowing reforming steam into the thermal cracker 4.

  When the internal pressure of the pyrolyzer 4 returns to the above-described normal operation allowable range by the above-described inert gas supply operation, the steady state can be restored by opening the gas extraction opening / closing valve 62. At this time, if the supply of the organic material is stopped, the supply of the organic material is restarted.

  The pressure monitoring of the pyrolyzer 4 that serves as an indicator of the start and end of these operations can be performed in the same manner as in the case of the start and end of the differential pressure elimination operation.

  On the other hand, after closing the gas extraction opening / closing valve 62, it is desirable to continue the injection of the gas reforming steam into the thermal cracker 4 prior to the above-described inert gas supply operation. . Thereby, the injection pressure of the gas reforming steam into the thermal decomposer 4 and the suction force of the generated gas attraction blower 11 act on the vent hole 3f, and the ash / dust clogged in the vent hole 3f. D becomes easy to be pushed out to the reformer 3 side. As a result, if the internal pressure of the pyrolyzer 4 returns to the above-described steady operation allowable range, the steady state can be restored by opening the gas extraction on-off valve 62 without performing the inert gas supply operation. At this time, if the supply of the organic material is stopped, the supply of the organic material is restarted.

  The present invention can be used for gasification of organic substances such as woody biomass.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Hot air production | generation apparatus, 2 ... Preheater, 3 ... Reformer, 4 ... Thermal decomposition device, 5 ... Separator, 6 ... Transfer device.

Claims (4)

A number of heat carriers for carrying heat, a preheater for heating the heat carrier, a reformer for performing steam reforming of the pyrolysis gas, and pyrolysis for pyrolyzing the organic material raw material And a hot air generator for generating hot air,
The heat carrier is passed through the preheater, the reformer, and the thermal decomposer in this order, and then returned to the preheater by the transfer device and circulated, and the organic material raw material is supplied into the thermal decomposer, Supplying steam directly or indirectly into the reformer,
In the pyrolyzer, the organic material is pyrolyzed into char and pyrolysis gas by bringing it into contact with a heated heat carrier, and the pyrolysis gas is reformed in countercurrent contact with the heat carrier. Supply
In the reformer, a gas having an improved hydrogen-containing concentration is produced by bringing the pyrolysis gas into contact with the water vapor while being heated by the heat carrier,
In the hot air generator, hot air is generated and supplied to the preheater,
In the preheater, the hot air supplied from the hot air generator is passed between the heat carriers passing through the preheater in a deposited state, and the heat carrier is heated by directly contacting the heat carrier.
An organic material gasification system configured as follows:
A connecting line connecting the reformer and the pyrolyzer;
It is arranged in this connection pipe line so as to be separated from the inner surface of the connection pipe line, and has a pipe wall formed with a vent hole through which the pyrolysis gas passes inside and outside but the heat carrier does not pass inside and outside, and A breathable heat carrier line having an inlet for the heat carrier discharged from the reformer and an outlet for discharging the introduced heat carrier into the connecting line;
A valve for opening and closing the release of the heat carrier from the heat carrier conduit;
A pyrolyzer pressure gauge for measuring the internal pressure of the pyrolyzer,
When the measurement result by the pyrolyzer pressure gauge exceeds a predetermined steady operation allowable range, the organic material raw material is kept while circulating the heat carrier and supplying hot air from the hot air generator to the preheater. To stop the supply of pressure, perform differential pressure elimination operation,
In this differential pressure elimination operation, when the measurement result by the pyrolyzer pressure gauge returns to the predetermined steady operation allowable range, the supply of the organic material raw material is resumed and the differential pressure elimination operation is terminated. did,
An organic material gasification system characterized by that.   2. The organic material gasification system according to claim 1, wherein the vent hole has a tapered shape whose diameter increases from the inside to the outside of the breathable heat carrier pipe. The seal pot is provided with a gas extraction pipe having one end inserted into the stored liquid in the seal pot to a predetermined depth and the other end communicating with the inside of the pyrolyzer. There is an opening / closing valve,
A gas inlet for supplying an inert gas under pressure is provided in the pyrolyzer,
When the measurement result by the pyrolyzer pressure gauge exceeds a predetermined steady operation allowable range, in place of the differential pressure canceling operation or performing the differential pressure canceling operation and closing the gas extraction on / off valve Then, the operation of instantaneously pressurizing and supplying an inert gas into the pyrolyzer through the gas blowing port is performed once or a plurality of times,
By this operation, when the measurement result by the pyrolyzer pressure gauge returns to the predetermined steady operation allowable range, the gas extraction on-off valve is configured to open.
The gasification system of the organic substance of Claim 1 or 2. A large number of heat carriers for carrying heat, preheaters for heating the heat carriers, reformers for performing steam reforming of pyrolysis gases, and pyrolysis devices for pyrolyzing organic material raw materials After passing through in order, it is returned to the preheater by the transfer device and circulated,
Supplying organic material raw material into the pyrolyzer, and supplying steam directly or indirectly into the reformer;
In the pyrolyzer, the organic material is pyrolyzed into char and pyrolysis gas by bringing it into contact with a heated heat carrier, and the pyrolysis gas is reformed in countercurrent contact with the heat carrier. Supply
In the reformer, a gas having an improved hydrogen-containing concentration is produced by bringing the pyrolysis gas into contact with the water vapor while being heated by the heat carrier,
A hot air generator generates hot air and supplies it to the preheater.
In the preheater, the hot air supplied from the hot air generator is passed between the heat carriers passing through the preheater in a deposited state, and the heat carrier is heated by directly contacting the heat carrier.
A method for resolving a thermal cracker differential pressure in an organic material gasification system;
A connecting line connecting the reformer and the pyrolyzer;
It is arranged in this connection pipe line so as to be separated from the inner surface of the connection pipe line, and has a pipe wall formed with a vent hole through which the pyrolysis gas passes inside and outside but the heat carrier does not pass inside and outside, and A breathable heat carrier line having an inlet for the heat carrier discharged from the reformer and an outlet for discharging the introduced heat carrier into the connecting line;
A valve for opening and closing the release of the heat carrier from the heat carrier pipeline,
When the internal pressure of the pyrolyzer exceeds a predetermined steady operation allowable range, supply of the organic material raw material is continued while continuing circulation of the heat carrier and supply of hot air from the hot air generator to the preheater. Stop, perform differential pressure elimination operation,
In this differential pressure elimination operation, when the internal pressure of the pyrolyzer returns to the predetermined steady operation allowable range, the supply of the organic material raw material is resumed to complete the differential pressure elimination operation.
A method for eliminating a differential pressure in a pyrolyzer in an organic material gasification system.

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