JP2012242018A - Hot air generation device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a more efficient hot air generation device capable of evenly and stably combusting lump fuel such as wood chips or wood pellets.SOLUTION: The hot air generation device includes a combustion furnace (1), a fuel supply device (2) for supplying the lump fuel to the combustion furnace, a fire grate device (3) provided in a combustion chamber (10), a burner (4) for igniting the lump fuel, a heat exchanging device (5) for performing heat exchange between the combustion gas and the air blown from a blower (105), an exhaust device (6) for discharging the combustion gas to the outside, and a hot air discharge part (103) for discharging the hot air obtained by the heat exchanging device to the outside. The fire grate device (3) includes a fuel support floor (30) and an air supply tube (32) erected in the fuel support floor (30) in which an air supply hole (322) is formed in a cylinder wall (321). Air supplied from the fuel supply device (2) and the lump fuel rotates the combustion gas in the combustion chamber (10). An insulating plate (15) for keeping the combustion gas from going up to an upper exhaust side is provided at an inner wall of the combustion chamber (10).

Description

  The present invention relates to a warm air generator. More specifically, for example, it is used for heating in an agricultural house, and uses a block fuel such as a wood crushing chip (hereinafter referred to as “wood chip”) or a wood pellet as a fuel, and a grate The present invention relates to a warm air generating apparatus that enables uniform combustion above and thereby stably generates warm air.

Combustion devices, boiler devices, etc., which do not use fossil fuels with a large environmental load and use bulk fuel such as wood chips or wood pellets as fuel, have already been widely used.
With such a device, especially when wood chips are used as fuel, there are large variations in the amount of water contained in the wood chips due to various types of raw wood, differences in sizes cut by chippers, etc. The ignition temperature on the grate and the combustion completion temperature are different.

  In addition, if there is too much moisture in the wood chips or wood pellets, it takes a lot of time and energy to dry these bulk fuels, so that ignition is delayed and a lot of bulk fuel accumulates locally on the grate. In this way, in the portion where the bulk fuel is deposited thickly, sufficient air is not supplied to the bulk fuel, while on the other hand, a large amount of air flows into the portion where the amount of accumulated bulk fuel is small and the layer is thin. Uneven and unstable.

  For these reasons, it has been difficult to uniformly burn the bulk fuel on the grate while supplying the bulk fuel on the grate. As a result, the combustion efficiency is lowered, the temperature distribution on the grate surface is non-uniform, and the grate is often distorted and burned, so that the grate has to be replaced frequently.

  Therefore, as a combustion apparatus that averages the thickness of the bulk fuel such as wood chips on the grate so that the combustion of the bulk fuel such as wood chips on the grate is easy to be uniform, for example, a patent There is a “bulk fuel combustion device” described in Document 1.

  This device ignites a combustion furnace having a combustion chamber for burning bulk fuel, a grate stand on which the bulk fuel is movably mounted in one direction, and the bulk fuel that reaches the downstream side of the grate stand. An ignition burner to be performed, a screw for supplying bulk fuel to the upstream side of the grate table, a moving mechanism for moving the bulk fuel supplied to the upstream side of the grate table toward the downstream side, and combustion air into the combustion chamber Combustion air supply unit to be supplied and a boiler provided above the grate table for exchanging heat between the combustion gas and fluid, partitioning the grate table and the boiler in the combustion chamber and burning upstream It has a structure in which a partition wall that forms a gas passage is provided, and even if the moisture content of the bulk fuel is high, combustion is performed smoothly and performance is improved.

JP 2006-207865 A

  However, the “bulk fuel combustion apparatus” described in Patent Document 1 has the following problems. In other words, the moving mechanism for moving the bulk fuel such as the wood chips supplied to the upstream side of the grate table toward the downstream side, specifically, the lower part of the tilt table having an inclined surface. The pusher is moved back and forth on the grate table, and the bulk fuel is sequentially pushed out downstream by the movement of the pusher, thereby averaging the thickness of the bulk fuel layer on the grate. .

  In the above structure, in the direction from the upstream side to the downstream side of the grate platform, there is a difference in the combustion temperature at each location. Therefore, the conventional problem of “unevenness in combustion as a whole and unstable” as described above, It has not been fully resolved. In addition, when the pusher is moved downstream on the grate table to supply new lump fuel, the lump fuel that has slid down the slope falls on the fuel burning on the grate table, The bulk fuel may fall into the ash accommodating part (pit) together with the ash with almost no combustion. In this case, there is a problem that the fuel does not burn sufficiently and remains unburned.

(Object of the present invention)
It is an object of the present invention to provide a more efficient hot air generator that can perform uniform and uniform combustion of lump fuel such as wood chips and wood pellets without unevenness.

(1) The present invention
A combustion furnace;
A fuel supply device for supplying bulk fuel by blowing air into the combustion chamber of the combustion furnace;
A grate device provided in the combustion chamber;
A burner for igniting the bulk fuel on the grate device supplied into the combustion chamber;
A heat exchange device for exchanging heat between the combustion gas sent from the combustion chamber and the air sent from the blower;
An exhaust device for discharging the combustion gas sent to the heat exchange device and exchanging heat to the outside through a dust collector;
A hot air discharger for discharging hot air obtained by heat exchange with the heat exchange device to the outside;
With
The grate device is
A fuel support floor;
An air supply cylinder which is erected on the fuel support floor and has an appropriate number of air supply holes in the peripheral wall;
With
A supply part of the fuel supply device is provided to be biased toward one side of the combustion chamber, and air and bulk fuel supplied from the supply part swirl the combustion gas in the combustion chamber;
The inner wall portion of the combustion chamber is provided with an inhibiting member that inhibits combustion gas from rising to the upper exhaust side.
It is a hot air generator.

(2) The present invention
It is provided with a derivative that guides part of the air supplied from the fuel supply device and the bulk fuel into the combustion chamber in the direction of the air supply cylinder.
It is a warm air generator of said (1).

(3) The present invention
There is an air supply space that surrounds the combustion furnace and the heat exchange device, and the air supply space is provided along the combustion furnace and separated from the combustion chamber. Air sent from the blower touches the combustion furnace. After the heat exchange, the heat exchange is done in the heat exchange device.
The warm air generator of (1) or (2).

  The hot air generator may have a boiler structure that heats a liquid such as water by providing a jacket in the heat exchanger.

  The operation of the hot air generator according to the present invention will be described. Here, the constituent elements used in the description are assigned in correspondence with the reference numerals given to the respective parts in the embodiments described later. These reference numerals are the same as the reference numerals described in the claims of the claims. Similarly, it is given only for easy understanding of the contents, and the meaning of each component is not limited to the above-mentioned parts.

In the hot air generator, the bulk fuel is blown in and supplied from the fuel supply device (2) into the combustion chamber (10) of the combustion furnace (1). The supplied bulk fuel is deposited on the grate device (3).
Then, the bulk fuel is ignited by the burner (4), the bulk fuel self-combusts, the self-combustion proceeds to some extent, and when the temperature in the combustion furnace (1) rises sufficiently, the bulk fuel is removed from the fuel supply device (2). It is additionally supplied with.

  Combustion gas swirls around the air supply cylinder (32) above the fuel support floor (30) of the grate device (3) by supplying air from the fuel supply apparatus (2), and the air supply cylinder ( Air is supplied from the air supply hole (322) of 32). Further, the combustion gas is inhibited from rising upward by the inhibition member (15). As a result, the residence time below the blocking member (15) in the combustion chamber (10) is relatively long, combustion with high efficiency close to complete combustion with little unburned matter is performed, and unburned matter is It can prevent being sent to the heat exchange device (5). Further, the combustion gas is sent from the combustion furnace (1) to the heat exchange device (5), heated by exchanging heat with the air supply space (101), and then discharged to the outside by the exhaust device (6). .

  Those equipped with a derivative (14) for guiding part of the air supplied from the fuel supply device (2) and the bulk fuel in the direction of the air supply cylinder (32) swirl around the air supply cylinder (32) The combustion gas is turbulent, and the combustion gas is effectively agitated to improve the ignitability of unburned matter and improve the continuity of combustion. Also, the bulk fuel is prevented from randomly scattering in the combustion chamber (10), falling onto the fuel support floor (30), and being deposited near the inner wall portion. Accordingly, uniform and uniform combustion can be performed in the combustion chamber (10).

  The air supply space (101) surrounds the combustion furnace (1) and the heat exchange device (5), and the air supply space (101) extends along the combustion furnace (1) with the combustion chamber (10). The air sent from the blower is designed to be heat exchanged in the heat exchange device (5) after touching the combustion furnace (1) and exchanging heat. The air sent from the blower (105) exchanges heat with the combustion gas in the combustion furnace (1) while moving through the air supply space (101) along the combustion furnace (1). Heat exchange with the combustion gas is performed in the exchange device (5), and the hot air is discharged from the hot air discharge unit (103). As described above, since the heating is once performed in the combustion furnace (1), heat exchange can be performed with high efficiency using heat more efficiently.

  In the present invention, the combustion gas is swung around the air supply cylinder above the fuel support floor of the grate device by supplying air from the fuel supply apparatus, and the air is supplied from the air supply hole of the air supply cylinder. The Further, the combustion gas is inhibited from rising to the upper exhaust side by the inhibition member. As a result, the residence time below the blocking member in the combustion chamber is relatively long, and combustion with high efficiency close to complete combustion with little unburned matter is performed. Therefore, it is possible to provide a warm air generator capable of performing stable combustion with uniform and non-uniformity of bulk fuel such as wood chips and wood pellets.

The front view which showed one Embodiment of the warm air generator which concerns on this invention, and abbreviate | omitted the outer surface board. The side view which abbreviate | omitted the outer surface board of the warm air generator. Cross-sectional explanatory drawing of a warm air generator. The perspective explanatory view which abbreviate | omitted the outer surface board, the exhaust blower, and the air supply blower. The partial cross-section explanatory drawing which shows the structure of a combustion chamber.

Embodiment
The present invention will be described in detail based on the embodiments shown in the drawings.
Please refer to FIG. 1 to FIG.

  The hot air generator A includes a combustion furnace 1, a fuel supply device 2 that blows and supplies bulk fuel into the combustion chamber 10 of the combustion furnace 1 by air, and a grate device 3 provided in the combustion chamber 10. A heat exchange device 5 for exchanging heat between the burner 4 for igniting the bulk fuel on the grate device 3 supplied into the combustion chamber 10 and the combustion gas sent from the combustion chamber 10 and the air sent from the blower 105 I have.

  Further, the gas exchange space 101 connected to the heat exchange device 5 and partitioned from the combustion chamber 10 along the combustion furnace 1 and the combustion gas sent to the heat exchange device 5 for heat exchange are provided. An exhaust device 6 that discharges to the outside through a cyclone (dust collector) 60 and a warm air discharge port 103 that discharges the warm air obtained by heat exchange in the heat exchange device 5 to the outside are provided. Hereinafter, each part will be described in detail.

(Combustion furnace 1)
The combustion furnace 1 is a steel plate outer plate (front side is not shown) before and after the frame (reference number omitted) assembled with angle members (right side is front, left side is rear in FIG. 1), left and right, and top and bottom. It is installed in the front side inside the hollow housing 100 surrounded by.
The combustion furnace 1 is composed of an octahedral side plate 11, an octagonal top plate 12, and a bottom plate 13, and an octagonal cylinder made of each side plate 11 has a top plate 12 closed at the top and a bottom plate 13 closed at the bottom. It is. Each side plate 11 is formed with a large number of vent holes 110. A grate device 3 is provided slightly above the bottom plate 13 of the combustion furnace 1.

(Grate device 3)
A grate device 3 is installed in the combustion chamber 10 of the combustion furnace 1. The grate device 3 has an octagonal fuel support floor 30. The fuel support floor 30 is formed of a steel plate and prevents the bulk fuel from dropping and takes in combustion gas from the lower side by an amount of about ½ the width of one side (the supply pipe 22 side of the fuel supply device 2 described later). Many through holes 31 are formed.

  An air supply cylinder 32 is erected at a substantially central portion of the fuel support floor 30. The air supply cylinder 32 is open at the lower end and closed at the upper end by the top plate 320. The cylinder wall 321 of the air supply cylinder 32 is provided with an appropriate number of air supply holes 322 over the entire circumferential surface. The size (height and diameter) of the air supply cylinder 32 is appropriately set in consideration of the size of the space portion of the combustion chamber 10 and the like. Below the fuel support floor 30 is a space that forms an internal pit 33 for storing combustion ash with the bottom plate 13 as a bottom.

(Burner 4)
Further, the burner 4 is installed on the right side plate 11 of the combustion furnace 1 in FIG. 2 by introducing a flame port 40 into the combustion chamber 10 slightly above the fuel support floor 30. The burner 4 is an oil burner for raising the temperature in the combustion furnace 1 at the initial stage of operation (when the hot air generator is activated) and igniting the bulk fuel accumulated on the fuel support floor 30 of the grate device 3 at an early stage. It is.

  In the combustion chamber 10 of the combustion furnace 1, a guide plate 14 is attached to the inner surface of the narrow side plate 11 between the burner 4 and a supply pipe 22 of the fuel supply device 2 described later so as to protrude inward. The guide plate 14 supplies the air that is supplied from the fuel supply device 2 into the combustion chamber 10 and swirls in the combustion chamber 10 and part of the bulk fuel in the direction of the air supply cylinder 32 of the grate device 3 and obliquely downward. It is inclined so as to guide to

Further, in the combustion chamber 10, an inhibition plate 15 is attached to the inner surface side of each side plate 11 to inhibit or hinder the combustion gas and the soot from rising to the upper exhaust side described later. The inhibition plate 15 has an octagonal annular flange shape, and is provided over the entire inner periphery so as to protrude inward at the same width and in parallel with the fuel support floor 30.
In addition, the upper part of the side plate 11 on the rear side (heat exchange device 5 side) of the combustion furnace 1 is opened, and a lead-out exhaust passage 16 for inducing combustion gas is provided in the rear portion of the heat exchange device 5 in the opening (reference number omitted). It extends to the side.

  At the front part of the combustion furnace 1, a rectangular viewing window 17 that communicates with the front outer surface plate 106 of the housing 100 is formed above the fuel support floor 30. The observation window 17 has fire-resistant glass (reference numeral omitted) and can visually recognize the inside of the combustion chamber 10. Further, an ash scraping port 18 having a lid (reference numeral omitted) is formed at the front portion of the internal pit 33. The fuel supply device that supplies the bulk fuel into the combustion furnace 1 will be described later.

(Heat exchange device 5)
A heat exchange device 5 is installed behind the combustion furnace 1 in the housing 100. An air supply space 101 is provided in the housing 100 so as to surround the combustion furnace 1 and the heat exchange device 5.
The heat exchange device 5 has an introduction exhaust path 50 at the top. A lead-out exhaust passage 16 extended from the combustion furnace 1 is connected to the introduction exhaust passage 50.

  Behind the introduction exhaust passage 50, the introduction exhaust passage 50 for introducing the combustion gas into the heat exchange device 5 and the introduction exhaust passage 50 are partitioned by a partition plate 59, and the combustion gas is discharged from the heat exchange device 5. A lead-out exhaust passage 51 is provided. A suction exhaust passage 52 connected to a cyclone 60 described later is connected to the outlet exhaust passage 51. In addition, the heat exchange device 5 has a relay exhaust path 53 at the bottom.

  The heat exchanging device 5 includes a large number of ventilation pipes 54 that are arranged vertically in contact with the air supply space 101 with a predetermined interval and are provided with a large number of fins on the outer surface. An opening (reference numeral omitted) at the upper end of each ventilation pipe 54 is introduced into the introduction exhaust path 50 and the discharge exhaust path 51. An opening (reference numeral omitted) at the lower end of each ventilation pipe 54 is introduced into the relay exhaust path 53.

  The rear outer surface plate 102 of the casing 100 is formed with a hot air discharge port 103 having a circular tube attached to the edge portion thereof. On the top of the casing 100, a top outer surface plate 104 having a part of the front side (above the combustion furnace 1) opened in a circular shape is attached. A blower 105 is attached to the top outer surface plate 104 so that external air can be blown into the air supply space 101. As will be described later, the external air sent from the blower 105 into the air supply space 101 is heated by the combustion furnace 1 and the heat exchange device 5 and discharged from the hot air discharge port 103 to the outside of the device as hot air. .

(Exhaust device 6)
An exhaust device 6 is installed on the rear side of the top outer plate 104 of the casing 100. The exhaust device 6 includes an exhaust blower 61 fixed to the top outer plate 104. The suction pipe 62 of the exhaust blower 61 is connected to the cyclone 60, and the suction exhaust path 52 from the heat exchange device 5 is connected to the cyclone 60 as described above. Further, the exhaust pipe 63 of the exhaust blower 61 can be piped so as to exhaust the combustion gas outside the house, for example, when used in an agricultural house.

  In addition, by providing the air supply space 101 in the housing 100, the combustion furnace 1 and the heat exchange device 5 have a double structure formed of steel plates, and the wall of the combustion furnace 1 is supplied with air. It is always cooled by the air passing through the space 101 so that the wall surface temperature of each of the outer plates 102, 104, 106 (including the outer plate on the side surface not shown) does not rise above the allowable temperature of the steel plate. I am trying.

(Fuel supply device 2)
On the viewing window 17 side of the combustion furnace 1, a fuel supply device 2 that supplies bulk fuel into the combustion furnace 1 is provided. The fuel supply device 2 includes a hopper 20 that stores bulk fuel, and a screw conveyor 21 is provided at a discharge portion (reference number omitted) at a lower portion thereof toward the combustion furnace 1.

  A discharge portion (reference numeral omitted) of the screw conveyor 21 is connected to an intermediate portion of a supply pipe 22 that passes through the side plate 11 next to the viewing window 17 and is introduced into the combustion chamber 10. An air supply blower 23 is connected to the front end of the supply pipe 22. Thereby, the air sent from the air supply blower 23 is blown into the combustion chamber 10 together with the bulk fuel supplied through the screw conveyor 21.

(Function)
Refer mainly to FIG.
The hot air generator A is used, for example, for installing in an agricultural house and heating the house. In the operation of the hot air generator A, first, the bulk fuel 9 such as wood chips and wood pellets is blown into the combustion chamber 10 of the combustion furnace 1 from the fuel supply device 2 and supplied. The supplied bulk fuel 9 is deposited on the fuel support floor 30 of the grate device 3. Note that an appropriate amount of the bulk fuel 9 may be deposited in advance on the fuel support bed 30 in the combustion furnace 1 manually.

  Then, the bulk fuel 9 is ignited by the burner 4, the supply blower 23 and the exhaust blower 61 are operated, and the bulk fuel 9 is self-burned by sending air into the combustion furnace 1. Then, when the self-combustion has progressed to some extent and the temperature in the combustion furnace 1 has sufficiently increased, the bulk fuel 9 is additionally supplied together with air from the fuel supply device 2.

  The combustion gas swirls around the air supply cylinder 32 above the fuel support floor 30 of the grate device 3 when air is supplied from the supply blower 23 of the fuel supply device 2 through the supply pipe 22 and swirls. The combustion gas containing air and a part of the bulk fuel 9 are guided by the guide plate 14 toward the air supply cylinder 32 of the grate device 3 and obliquely downward.

  As a result, the bulk fuel 9 is accumulated around the air supply cylinder 32, and air is sent radially from the air supply holes 322 of the air supply cylinder 32 in the bulk fuel 9 to the bulk fuel 9. The combustion gas containing flame is guided toward the air supply cylinder 32 by the guide plate 14. Further, the combustion gas is not immediately raised to the outlet exhaust passage 16 on the upper exhaust side, but is hindered or hindered by the presence of the inhibition plate 15.

  Thereby, the residence time in the combustion chamber 10 is relatively long due to the induction plate 14 and the inhibition plate 15 in the combustion chamber 10, so that the combustion gas has a high efficiency close to complete combustion with little unburned matter. Combustion is performed, and unburned matter is sent to the heat exchange device 5 and accumulated in the exhaust passages 50, 51, 52 and the ventilation pipes 54, resulting in a decrease in heat exchange efficiency and corrosion of members. Can be prevented.

  According to the guide plate 14, the combustion gas swirling around the air supply cylinder 32 is disturbed and the combustion gas is effectively agitated, so that the ignitability of unburned matter is improved and the combustion is continued. It seems that the improvement of property is achieved. Further, the bulk fuel 9 is also randomly scattered in the combustion chamber 10 and falls on the fuel support floor 30 and is prevented from being deposited near the side plates 11 in an uneven manner. Accordingly, uniform combustion with no unevenness is possible in the combustion chamber 10.

  The air (outside air) sent from the blower 105 exchanges heat with the combustion furnace 1 and then exchanges heat with the heat exchange device 5 and is discharged from the hot air outlet 103 into the agricultural house. Warm the air inside. Note that the warm air discharged into the house once touches the combustion furnace 1 to perform heat exchange and is heated, so that heat exchange can be performed with high efficiency using heat more efficiently.

  Further, the high-temperature combustion gas discharged from the combustion furnace 1 is introduced from the outlet exhaust passage 16 to the introduction exhaust passage 50, passes through the required ventilation pipe 54, passes through the relay exhaust passage 53, and passes through the required ventilation pipe 54. Then, heat exchange with the air passing through the air supply space 101 is performed, and the air is introduced from the outlet exhaust passage 51 through the suction exhaust passage 52 into the cyclone 60.

  The combustion gas is collected by the cyclone 60 and the soot is recovered. The dust-collected combustion gas is discharged from the exhaust blower 61 to the outside of the agricultural house through the exhaust pipe 63 while being cooled.

  Note that the terms and expressions used in this specification are merely explanatory and are not limiting at all, and terms and expressions equivalent to the features described in this specification and parts thereof. There is no intention to exclude. It goes without saying that various modifications are possible within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS A Hot air generator 1 Combustion furnace 10 Combustion chamber 11 Side plate 110 Vent hole 12 Top plate 13 Bottom plate 14 Guide plate 15 Inhibition plate 16 Lead-out exhaust passage 17 Peep window 18 Ash scraping port 2 Fuel supply device 20 Hopper 21 Screw conveyor 22 Supply pipe 23 Air supply blower 3 Grate device 30 Fuel support floor 31 Through hole 32 Air supply tube 320 Top plate 321 Tube wall 322 Air supply hole 33 Internal pit 4 Burner 40 Flame port 5 Heat exchange device 50 Inlet exhaust passage 51 Outlet exhaust passage 52 Suction exhaust path 53 Relay exhaust path 54 Ventilation pipe 59 Partition plate 6 Exhaust device 60 Cyclone 61 Exhaust blower 62 Suction pipe 63 Exhaust pipe 100 Housing 101 Air supply space section 102 Rear outer surface plate 103 Hot air discharge port 104 Top outer surface plate 105 Blower 106 Front outer plate 9 Bulk fuel

Claims (3)

A combustion furnace (1),
A fuel supply device (2) for supplying bulk fuel by blowing air into the combustion chamber (10) of the combustion furnace (1);
A grate device (3) provided in the combustion chamber (10);
A burner (4) for igniting the bulk fuel on the grate device (3) supplied into the combustion chamber (10);
A heat exchange device (5) for exchanging heat between the combustion gas sent from the combustion chamber (10) and the air sent from the blower (105);
An exhaust device (6) that exhausts the combustion gas sent to the heat exchange device (5) and subjected to heat exchange through the dust collector (60);
A hot air discharger (103) for discharging the hot air obtained by heat exchange in the heat exchange device (5) to the outside;
With
The grate device (3)
A fuel support floor (30);
An air supply cylinder (32) which is erected on the fuel support floor (30) and has an appropriate number of air supply holes (322) provided on the peripheral wall (321);
With
A supply unit (22) of the fuel supply device (2) is provided to be biased toward one side of the combustion chamber, and air and bulk fuel supplied from the supply unit (22) are combustion gases in the combustion chamber (10). Is made to turn,
The inner wall of the combustion chamber (10) is provided with an inhibition member (15) that inhibits combustion gas from rising to the upper exhaust side.
Hot air generator. The combustion chamber (10) includes a derivative (14) that guides a part of the air and the bulk fuel supplied from the fuel supply device (2) in the direction of the air supply cylinder (32).
The warm air generator according to claim 1. It has an air supply space (101) surrounding the combustion furnace (1) and the heat exchange device (5), and the air supply space (101) is separated from the combustion chamber (10) along the combustion furnace (1). The air sent from the blower (105) is configured so that heat exchange is performed in the heat exchange device (5) after performing heat exchange by touching the combustion furnace (1).
The warm air generator according to claim 1 or 2.

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