JP2017012182A - エタノール製造由来の可食残留物の製造法 - Google Patents
エタノール製造由来の可食残留物の製造法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017012182A JP2017012182A JP2016156341A JP2016156341A JP2017012182A JP 2017012182 A JP2017012182 A JP 2017012182A JP 2016156341 A JP2016156341 A JP 2016156341A JP 2016156341 A JP2016156341 A JP 2016156341A JP 2017012182 A JP2017012182 A JP 2017012182A
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
- A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/30—Physical treatment, e.g. electrical or magnetic means, wave energy or irradiation
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- C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
- C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
- C12P7/06—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
- C12P7/08—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate
- C12P7/10—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2009年10月14日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/251,610号の優先権を主張するものである。
本発明は、エタノール製造に由来する可食残留物、例えばセルロース系エタノール製造に由来する蒸留穀物残渣および残留物、の製造に関する。
穀物、例えばトウモロコシ、および砂糖からエタノールを製造するための製造プラントが存在する。エタノール製造は、多くの情報源、例えば、The Alcohol Textbook, 4th Ed., ed.K.A. Jacquesら, Nottingham University Press, 2003(非特許文献1)、において説明されている。蒸留穀物残渣(可溶性物質添加蒸留穀物残渣(DGS)または乾燥蒸留穀物残渣(DDGS)とも呼ばれる)は、エタノール製造の副産物である。蒸留穀物残渣は、安価な家畜飼料の主な供給源であるので、有用な副産物である。しかしながら、最近、蒸留穀物残渣中の抗生物質の存在に対する懸念が高まっている。蒸留穀物残渣中の抗生物質は、概して、エタノール製造プロセスにおける抗生物質の使用の結果として存在する。発酵の際に酵母と競合して砂糖をエタノールではなく乳酸へと転化する細菌を抑制するために、ペニシリンやバージニアマイシンなどの抗生物質が使用される。抗生物質の含有量に対する懸念から、蒸留穀物残渣の販売および使用に対して制限が課せられた場合、エタノール生産業者の利幅を大きく損なうだけでなく、家畜飼料の良い供給源を牧畜農家から奪うことになるであろう。
概して、本発明は、エタノール製造に由来する可食残留物、ならびに抗生物質含有量の低い可食残留物または好ましい態様において実質的に抗生物質を含まない可食残留物を製造する方法に関する。「抗生物質含有量の低い」または「実質的に抗生物質を含まない」により、本発明者らは、当該可食残留物が活性な抗生物質をほとんどまたは全く含有しないこと、例えば、100ppm未満しか含有しないことを意味しており、したがって、本明細書において説明されるように、当該可食残留物は、不活性な抗生物質を含有し得る。
[本発明1001]
エタノール製造プロセスの副産物として製造された可食残留物に放射線照射する工程
を含む方法。
[本発明1002]
可食残留物が、可溶性物質添加蒸留穀物残渣(distillers grains and solubles)を含む、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1003]
エタノール製造プロセスがトウモロコシエタノールプロセスである、本発明1001または1002の方法。
[本発明1004]
可食残留物が、リグニン、キシロース、および鉱物を含む、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1005]
可食残留物がさらに、未消化セルロースを含む、本発明1004の方法。
[本発明1006]
エタノール製造プロセスが、セルロース系供給原料および/またはリグノセルロース系供給原料を利用する、本発明1001、1004、または1005の方法。
[本発明1007]
可食残留物が抗生物質を含有しており、ならびに、該抗生物質を不活性化または破壊するように選択された条件下において放射線照射が実施される、前記本発明のいずれかの方法。
[本発明1008]
放射線照射後、可食残留物が、重量比において100ppm未満、例えば、50、25,10、または1ppm未満、の活性な抗生物質を含有する、本発明1007の方法。
[本発明1009]
可食残留物が活性な抗生物質を実質的に含有しない、本発明1008の方法。
[本発明1010]
放射線照射の前に、可食残留物が、重量比において約500ppm〜約10,000ppmの活性な抗生物質を含有する、本発明1007の方法。
[本発明1011]
放射線照射前に、可食残留物が細菌を含有しており、放射線照射が、該細菌を死滅させる条件下において実施される、本発明1001〜1006のいずれかの方法。
[本発明1012]
エタノール製造プロセスが、抗生物質を添加せずに行われる、本発明1011の方法。
[本発明1013]
可溶性物質添加蒸留穀物残渣が乾燥されて、可溶性物質添加乾燥蒸留穀物残渣(DDGS: dried distillers grains and solubles)が製造される、本発明1002の方法。
[本発明1014]
乾燥工程が、放射線照射の前に実施される、本発明1013の方法。
[本発明1015]
放射線照射が、約0.5MRadを超える照射量において投与される、前記本発明のいずれかの方法。
[本発明1016]
放射線照射が、約5MRad未満の照射量において投与される、前記本発明のいずれかの方法。
[本発明1017]
放射線照射が、約1〜3MRadの照射量において投与される、前記本発明のいずれかの方法。
図1を参照すると、エタノールを製造するプラントは、例えば、供給原料を受け取って物理的に処理するための1つ以上の操作ユニット(10)を備えることができ、これらは、典型的な穀物ベース(例えば、トウモロコシまたは穀物)のエタノールプラントの場合、穀物受け取り設備およびハンマーミルを含む。使用される供給原料が、非穀物のセルロース系またはリグノセルロース系材料の場合、操作ユニット10は、例えば、米国特許第7,470,463,号において開示されるような、供給原料の内部繊維を露出させる方式において供給原料のサイズを減じるように構成され得、なお、当該特許のすべての開示は、参照により本明細書に組み入れられる。
多くの態様について説明してきた。それでもなお、本開示の趣旨および範囲を逸脱することなく様々な変更を行うことが可能であることは理解されるであろう。
Claims (17)
- エタノール製造プロセスの副産物として製造された可食残留物に放射線照射する工程
を含む方法。 - 可食残留物が、可溶性物質添加蒸留穀物残渣(distillers grains and solubles)を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- エタノール製造プロセスがトウモロコシエタノールプロセスである、請求項1または2記載の方法。
- 可食残留物が、リグニン、キシロース、および鉱物を含む、請求項1記載の方法。
- 可食残留物がさらに、未消化セルロースを含む、請求項4記載の方法。
- エタノール製造プロセスが、セルロース系供給原料および/またはリグノセルロース系供給原料を利用する、請求項1、4、または5記載の方法。
- 可食残留物が抗生物質を含有しており、ならびに、該抗生物質を不活性化または破壊するように選択された条件下において放射線照射が実施される、前記請求項のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 放射線照射後、可食残留物が、重量比において100ppm未満、例えば、50、25,10、または1ppm未満、の活性な抗生物質を含有する、請求項7記載の方法。
- 可食残留物が活性な抗生物質を実質的に含有しない、請求項8記載の方法。
- 放射線照射の前に、可食残留物が、重量比において約500ppm〜約10,000ppmの活性な抗生物質を含有する、請求項7記載の方法。
- 放射線照射前に、可食残留物が細菌を含有しており、放射線照射が、該細菌を死滅させる条件下において実施される、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- エタノール製造プロセスが、抗生物質を添加せずに行われる、請求項11記載の方法。
- 可溶性物質添加蒸留穀物残渣が乾燥されて、可溶性物質添加乾燥蒸留穀物残渣(DDGS: dried distillers grains and solubles)が製造される、請求項2記載の方法。
- 乾燥工程が、放射線照射の前に実施される、請求項13記載の方法。
- 放射線照射が、約0.5MRadを超える照射量において投与される、前記請求項のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 放射線照射が、約5MRad未満の照射量において投与される、前記請求項のいずれか一項記載の方法。
- 放射線照射が、約1〜3MRadの照射量において投与される、前記請求項のいずれか一項記載の方法。
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