JP2017148491A - 電気手術装置 - Google Patents
電気手術装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
伸びている細長いシャフトと、細長いシャフトの遠位端に位置決めされたエンドエフェクタと、ハンドル上に位置付けられた回転可能サムホイールであって、その回転が、対応する細長いシャフトの回転を引き起こす、回転可能サムホイールと、を含み、サムホイールは、サムホイールの回転を所定の角度回転に制限するために、ハンドル上の対応する構造に係合するように適応された1つ以上のストップ部材を備える。シャフトを回転させるためにユーザによって操作されるサムホイールにストッパーを提供することによって、ストップ部材が他のどこかの場所にありユーザがサムホイールを使用してホイールの回転を試みた場合に及ぼされるかもしれないシャフトの捻じれが排除され、また、シャフトを回転させるための回転力が提供されている場所(即ち、サムホイール)と厳密に同じ場所(即ち、サムホイール)にストップが当たるゆえに、ユーザの装置知覚の質が向上する。
図1は、本発明の一例にしたがった電気手術器具1を示している。器具1は、近位側のハンドル部分10と、該近位側ハンドル部分から遠ざかる遠位方向に伸びる外側シャフト12と、該外側シャフトの遠位端に取り付けられた遠位端エフェクタアセンブリ14とを
含む。エンドエフェクタアセンブリ14は、例えば、開閉するように配置された対向する1組の挟持部であってよく、対向する挟持部の内表面上に又は内表面として配置された1つ以上の電極を含み、これらの電極は、使用時に、組織の封止又は凝固のための電気手術高周波(RF)信号を受信するための接続部を有する。挟持部は、更に、ユーザによって作動されたときに機械的な切断刃などが突出しえるスロット又はその他の開口部を、対向する内表面内に提供される。使用時には、ハンドル10は、ユーザによって、挟持部14間に組織をクランプするために第1の方式で作動され、電極にRF電流を供給して組織を凝固させるために第2の方式で作動される。挟持部14は、器具1の能動構成要素が常に見えているようにするために湾曲されてよい。これは、使用時におけるユーザの装置視野を妨げる人体領域の手術に使用される血管封止装置において重要である。ハンドル10は、刃を挟持部14間に突出させそれによって間にクランプされた組織を切断させるために、ユーザによって、第3の方式で作動されてよい。必要とされる切断及び封止が完了したら、ユーザは、挟持部14から組織を解放させることができる。
にある突出部材602は、駆動シャフト316が内側成形物314の近位端における通路604に通されることを可能にできるように、圧縮可能である。駆動シャフト316は、開口606に到達するまで通路604内で推し進められ、そこで、突出部材602は、駆動シャフト316の壁と同一面上にくるように圧縮状態から解放される。それどころか、突出部材602は、突出部材602の渡りが通路604の直径を超えるように扇形に広がって連結、開口606の壁に押し付けられる。その結果、駆動シャフト316は、通路604内で逆戻りすることができず、そうして適所に固定される。
形物326に係合する。図26a〜fに示されるように、ラッチ成形物326は、双方向バネ1104と、ラッチ324がそれに沿って横断するためのカム経路1106とを含む。図46に示されるように、ラッチ機構は、また、ラッチ324が行き止まったときにラッチ324をユーザが手動で解放することを可能にするためのオーバーライドコンポーネント4600と、ラッチ機構を完全に無効化するためのロックアウトコンポーネント4602とを含んでよい。オーバーライドコンポーネント4600及びロックアウトコンポーネント4602は、ラッチ成形物326上に提供されてよい、又はケーシングの内側と一体にされてよい。
の2つの侵入保護されたスイッチなどのスイッチボタン26が提供される。図17に示されるように、PCB338は、ジェネレータ(不図示)からのRF出力を受信するための接続コード1700に、並びにRF電流を挟持部14の中の電極に供給するための、1本は活性電極のための及びもう1本は戻り電極のための電気配線1702、1704に接続される。図17及び図18a〜bに示されるように、配線1702、1704は、ガイドスロット1800からシャフト成形物320の内部空洞1802に入って外側シャフト12内を進む前に、シャフト成形物320の下に及び周りに巻き付けられる。配線1702、1704をこのようにシャフト成形物320に巻き付けることによって、配線1702、1704は、駆動シャフト316の回転を可能にしつつも容易な組み立てを可能にできるように、コンパクトな構成に維持される。これに関して、配線1702、1704は、駆動シャフト316の回転とともに巻きを解かれる及び再び巻かれる。また、クラムシェル成形物の1つ300は、活性配線1702及び戻り配線1704を侵入保護スイッチ338の配線1908、1910に接続する配線コンタクト1904、1906を収容するための、2つの直列に配置された成形ポケット1900、1902を含む。対向するクラムシェル成形物302は、コンタクト1904、1906をポケット1900、1902内に保持するための、対応するリブ特徴(不図示)を含む。その結果、2つの配線コンタクト1904、1906は、各ポケット1900、1902を一方のコンタクトのみが通れるように長手方向に分離され、それによって、各コンタクト1904、1906と配線との間に物理的障壁が提供される。これは、外側シャフト12を経てケーシング20に入るかもしれないあらゆる流体からコンタクト1904、1906自体を保護しつつ、コンタクト1904、1906によって引き起こされる配線の絶縁損傷のリスクを阻止する。
ことができるように刃340を選択的に弱体化させて刃の遠位端の柔軟性を徐々に変化させることによって、低減されてよい。選択的弱体化は、例えば、図3及び図47a〜cに示されるように、遠位端に1つ以上の孔354を提供することによって、又は図47dに示されるように、刃340の厚さを徐々に変化させることによって、提供されてよい。或いは、図47eによって示されるように、刃の長さにわたる曲げ剛性を制御するために、遠位端におけるパターン形成されたレーザ切断部分4712又は化学エッチング部分が使用されてよく、このような切断部分間の間隔は、遠位端から近位端にかけて一定であってよい又は徐々に増してよい。
装置の全体的な構成が説明されたところで、次は、使用時における電気手術器具1の全体的な動作が論じられる。その後、装置の特定の態様の構成及び動作に関して更に詳細な説明がなされる。
挟持部14間に組織をクランプするために、ユーザは、クランプハンドル22を、ラッチ324がケーシング20内のラッチ成形物326に係合するまでケーシング20の近位端328に向かって握り込む。この動きは、図8e〜fによって示されるように、駆動ハンドル22をそのヒンジ306を中心に枢動させ、図4及び図5aによって示されるように、カラー304の端をフランジ800に対して押し付けて、カラー成形物310、バネ、及び内側成形物314を駆動シャフト316に沿って近位方向に推し進める。上述のように、内側成形物314は、突出部材602を通じて駆動シャフト316に取り付けられる。したがって、内側成形物314が軸方向に押し戻されるのに伴って、駆動シャフト316も軸方向に移動され、これは、挟持部14のカムスロット402の中のピン400を駆動し、それによって、挟持部14を閉じさせる。しかるがゆえに、駆動ハンドル22からの荷重は、カラー成形物310、バネ312、及び内側成形物314のバネ機構を通じて駆動シャフト316に伝達される。
ると、バネ312にかかる圧縮力は、最終的に、バネ312がカラー成形物310と内側成形物314との間で圧縮し始める圧縮力閾値に到達する。バネ312が更に圧縮するのに伴って、駆動ハンドル22は、クランプされた組織に更なる力を及ぼすことなくラッチ位置まで駆動できる。要するに、駆動ハンドル22の荷重は、これ以上駆動シャフト316に伝達されることはなく、バネ312によって効果的に吸収される。しかるがゆえに、バネ312は、適切な大きさの荷重が挟持部14に伝達されることを保証する。バネ312がないと、駆動ハンドル22の作動は、駆動シャフト316に及びそれに続いて挟持部14及び組織に伝達される荷重を増加させ続ける。これは、ユーザが駆動ハンドル22をラッチ324に係合させるために握り込むにつれて、組織の機械的損傷を招く恐れがある。
挟持部14間に組織がクランプされると、挟持部14は、図26a〜fによって示されるように、駆動ハンドル上のラッチ324をケーシング20の内部のラッチ成形物326に係合させることによって閉位置にロックできる。ラッチ324は、開口1102を通ってケーシング20に入るのに伴って、ラッチ成形物326に係合し、該成形物326をケーシング20内で押し下げ、それによってバネ1104を伸長させる。図26b〜cに示されるように、ラッチ324は、カム経路1106の側面上を、その最大位置に到達するまで駆け上る。この地点で、駆動ハンドル22は、これ以上圧縮できず、バネ1104は、図26dに示されるように、ラッチ324がカム経路1106の「V」字型ポケットに嵌り込んで駆動ハンドル22を圧縮位置に及び挟持部14を閉位置に保持するように、ラッチ成形物326をケーシング20の内部へ引き戻す。
挟持部が閉位置にある間、ユーザは、間にクランプされた組織を切断する必要があるかもしれない。組織を切断するために、駆動アセンブリの作動によって、挟持部14間で刃340が駆動される。
された枢着点Aを中心として、トリガ24がトリガ成形物344をてこ作用で動かす。これは、トリガ成形物344と駆動成形物346とを接続している枢着点Bをその中心位置へ促し、それによって、刃カラー348、刃成形物352、及び刃340を、クランプされた組織を刃340が切断することができる十分に強い力で駆動シャフト316に沿って駆動する。これに関連して、トリガ24にかかる荷重が、トリガ成形物344及び駆動成形物346を通じて刃カラー348及び刃成形物352に伝達される。枢着点Bが中心を超えてその伸展位置へ動くにつれて、刃カラー348及び刃成形物352が駆動シャフト316に沿って駆動される速度が加速し、そうして刃340の力を増加させる。しかるがゆえに、ユーザが追加の力をトリガ24に及ぼすことなしに、刃340が組織に切り込む力が増大する。
使用時に、ユーザは、器具1全体を動かす必要なく様々な角度から組織に到達する必要があるかもしれない。したがって、挟持部14は、回転ホイール28によってハンドル10に相対的に回転可能であることが有利である。これは、挟持部14が図16a〜dに示されるような湾曲した走路上にある場合に特に有益である。上述のように、回転ホイール28は、内側成形物314が回転ホイール28とともに回転するように、かみ合い部材1200、1202を通じて内側成形物314に連結される。駆動シャフト316の端が内側成形物314に接続されているので、駆動シャフト316も回転し、この回転は引き続き、反対側の端にある挟持部14を回転させる。
挟持部14が閉位置にある間、ユーザは、間にクランプされた組織を凝固させること及
び封止することを望むかもしれない。これを行うために、ユーザは、ケーシング20頂部のスイッチボタン26を使用して、電極の活性化を開始させる。スイッチボタン26は、ユーザが装置を片手で使用している間に容易にボタン26にアクセスできるように、適宜に配置されている。この際は、組織を凝固させる及び封止するために、適切なRF信号が挟持部14の中の電極に送られる。RF信号は、所望の効果に応じて純粋波形又は混合波形であってよい。
上述のように、電気手術器具1の近位ハンドル部分10は、遠位エンドエフェクタアセンブリ14の一態様をこのエンドエフェクタアセンブリ14が第1の状態と第2の状態との間で動くように作動させるための、第1の機構を含む。例えば、エンドエフェクタアセンブリ14は、開閉するように配置された対向する1組の挟持部14であってよい。これらの挟持部14の動きをトリガするために使用される機構は、駆動ハンドル22と、2つのたる型成形物310、314と、それらの間で圧縮されるバネ312とを含むいわゆるクランプ機構であり、駆動ハンドル22、成形物310、314、及びバネ312は、図4及び図5a〜bに示されるように、全て、挟持部14とハンドル10との間に伸びる細長い棒316に沿って装着される。
成形物310に直接伝達され、それに続いてクランプ機構のその他のコンポーネントに伝達されることを保証する。これは、挟持部14が駆動ハンドル22の動きに反応すること、及び駆動ハンドル22の作動と挟持部14の動きとの間に遅延反応がないことを保証するために、特に重要である。
0である。第2の区域は、駆動シャフト316を受け入れるための狭い通路、即ちスロット603である。通路603は、2つの部分604、606に分割される。通路の第1の部分604は、駆動シャフト316が通されることを可能にできるような形状にされ、シャフトが通される際に、柔軟性のタブ602は、平らに押しつぶされる。しかるがゆえに、第1の通路部分604の直径は、滑合を提供できるように、駆動シャフト316の直径よりも僅かに広いだけである。カラー成形物通路607内及び内側成形物通路603内の両方における駆動シャフト316の滑合は、駆動シャフト316が適所にしっかりと保持されることを意味する。これは、ケーシング20内における駆動シャフト316の安定性を向上させ、これは、エンドエフェクタ14の最大限の制御を保証するために特に重要である。
に係合されなければならない。
次に、切断機構の構造及び動作に関する様々な更なる特徴及び態様が説明される。上述のように、電気手術器具1の近位側のハンドル部分10は、遠位側のエンドエフェクタアセンブリ14の更なる態様を作動させるための第2の機構を含む。例えば、エンドエフェクタアセンブリ14は、1組の対向する挟持部14、及び刃340であってよく、刃340の遠位端は、挟持部14間にクランプされた組織を切断するために、上記挟持部14間で滑動するように配置される。駆動シャフト316の中心走路341内に配された刃340の動きをトリガするために使用される機構は、いわゆる切断機構である。切断機構は、駆動アーム2000と、刃駆動成形物346と、刃カラー成形物348と、刃成形物352と、引っ張りバネ350とを含み、これらは全て、結合されて、図20a〜b、図31、及び図32に示されるような3枢着スライダ−クランク機構を形成する。
ケーシング20に固定される。
、刃カラー成形物348と刃成形物352とからなるアセンブリの、駆動シャフト316に沿った長手方向移動は、刃340を走路342に沿って動かす。
次に、駆動シャフト316の構造に関する様々な更なる特徴及び態様が説明される。上述のように、駆動シャフト316は、図10aによって示されるように、「T」字型の断面を有する細長い棒である。駆動シャフト316は、上述された切断機構に使用される切断刃340などの更に細長い部材を収容するのに適したスロット又は走路342をその長さに沿って含む。使用時に、切断刃340は、挟持部14間にクランプされた組織を切断するために切断刃340の遠位端を挟持部14間で駆動できるように、駆動シャフト316の長さに沿って滑動させられる。
次に、サムホイール(本書では回転ホイールとも呼ばれる)28の動作に関する様々な更なる特徴及び態様が説明される。サムホイール28は、エンドエフェクタアセンブリ14が上に搭載された外側シャフト12をユーザが回転させることを可能にするために提供される。しかしながら、スペースを削減し、それによって、よりコンパクトな器具を作成するためには、サムホイール28の内部容積1300も、前述のクランプ機構の一部を形成する内側成形物314のための移動スペースを提供するために用いられる。このような配置によって、よりコンパクトな機構が得られる。
給を引き起こすように作動する。
同様に、図33に示されるように、サムホイールをケーシング内に位置決めするために、サムホイール28の遠位側の外壁1310は、装置のケーシングからの突出として提供された支持内壁1320と同心であるとともに揃えられている。これも、ケーシング内におけるホイール28の容易で且つ正確な組み立て及び位置決めを可能にする。
上述のように、エンドエフェクタ14を上に有するシャフト12は、組織の切断及び凝固のためにエンドエフェクタが所望の回転位置へ動かされることを可能にする。しかしながら、エンドエフェクタへの配線接続が、一方向に極端に回転されているシャフトからの過度なひずみ下に置かれて配線が巻き上がる、捻じれる、又は過度なひずみを受けることがないようにするためには、シャフト12の回転を制御するための機構が必要であり、特に、回転の量を制限しそれによって配線が受ける過度なひずみを阻止するための機構が必要である。また、シャフト12の回転のポシティブ制御の提供は、使用時における器具の人間工学的経験を向上させ、ユーザの知覚の質を高める。
ケーシングの内表面は、更に、それぞれの成形ストッパー1602、1604を提供され、これらのストッパーは、シャフト成形物320のそれぞれの角度位置においてそれぞれの平行ストップ表面を矩形ストップ部材1600に臨ませるそれぞれのストップ表面を提供する段差構造の形で示されている。図に示された例では、成形ストッパーは、ケーシング上に位置決めされ、エンドエフェクタを載せているシャフト12の、ストップからストップへの270度の回転を許容するために、それぞれのストップ表面をストップ部材1600に臨ませる。その他の実施形態では、成形されたストッパー1602、1604は、例えば180度から360度、又は更に好ましくは250度から300度、又は最も好ましくは270度などの、より多い又は少ない量の回転を提供するために、成形物320のその他の回転角度位置においてストップ表面をストップ部材1600に臨ませるように位置決めされてよい。
関する示唆を提供される。このような触覚的フィードバック機構は、こうして、ユーザに優しく且つ容易な装置操作を可能にする。
次に、ハンドル2内における配線に関する様々な更なる特徴及び態様が説明される。上述のように、何らかの適切な回路構成を通じてエンドエフェクタアセンブリ14の中の電極を作動させるためのRF信号を活性化及び非活性化するために、例えば小型プリント回路基板(PCB)338上の2つの侵入保護スイッチなどのスイッチボタン26が提供される。図17に示されるように、PCB338は、ジェネレータ(不図示)からのRF出力を受信するための接続コード1700、並びにRF電流を挟持部14の中の電極に供給するための、例えば1本は活性電極のための及びもう1本は戻り電極のための電気配線1702、1704に接続される。
904、1906を収容するための、2つの直列に配置されたポケット1900、1902を提供されている。したがって、全ての電気配線1702、1704、1908、1910は、各ポケット1900、1902内に1つのコンタクト1904、1906のみが収容されるように、ポケット1900、1902の中及び周囲において経路設定される。配線の経路設定は、1組の配線1702、1910をポケット1900、1902の外周りに方向付けるガイド部分1912、1914、1916によって補助される。各ポケット内では、活性配線1702が配線1908と長手方向に揃えられ、戻り配線1704が配線1910と長手方向に揃えられる。
次に、装置に使用されてよいエンドエフェクタアセンブリの例が説明される。説明される例は、完全を期すために与えられるものであり、駆動シャフト316によって駆動可能でありさえすれば、その他の設計のエンドエフェクタが器具に使用されてもよいことが、理解されるべきである。要するに、本発明の実施形態は、本書で説明される特定のエンドエフェクタに限定されず、その他の設計のエンドエフェクタが使用されてもよい。
数の金属製ストップ部材3812も提供される。ストップ部材3812は、図39及び図40を参照にして、次に更に詳しく説明される。
次に、図45を参照すると、使用時における器具1は、制御可能な高周波(RF)源を中に有する電気手術ジェネレータ4500に接続されるとされ、高周波源は、器具1のエンドエフェクタの電極を通じて与えられたときに組織を凝固させる又は封止するRF凝固信号を生成する。電気手術ジェネレータ4500は、ジェネレータがオン及びオフにされることを可能にするための、並びに制御対象とされている器具1にRF凝固信号の電力が供給されることを可能にするための、それぞれの制御入力スイッチ4504、4502を含む。これらに関して、電気手術ジェネレータ4500は、従来通りである。
したがって、以上の全てを考慮すると、本発明の実施形態は、高度な電気手術鉗子器具であって、ユーザによる容易で且つ人間工学的な片手操作を可能し、エンドエフェクタの回転柔軟性を提供し、把持されている組織に対してエンドエフェクタによって加えられる力を制御して、過度な力が加えられることを阻止し、把持されている組織を電気手術によって凝固又は封止させつつ、尚も簡便な機械的切断を同時に可能にする、電気手術鉗子器具を提供する。更に、器具は、それぞれの内部活性化機構内において利用可能なスペースの効率的使用を通じてコンパクトな器具を提供しつつ、尚も構築が単純で且つ低コストであるように設計されている。
Claims (13)
- 手術器具であって、
その近位端に位置付けられた持ち手を有するボディ部分と、
前記ボディ部分を少なくとも部分的に通り前記ボディ部分から遠位方向に突き出しているシャフトであって、その上にエンドエフェクタを位置決めされ、前記使用時に、前記エンドエフェクタを載せている前記シャフトが前記ボディ部分に対して回転されることを可能にするために、前記ボディ部分に対して回転可能式に搭載されるシャフトと、
を備え、
前記シャフト及び前記ボディ部分は、使用時に前記ボディ部分に対する前記シャフトの角度回転を所定の角度内に制限するように配置された複数群のそれぞれの相互作用回転制御部材を備え、前記複数群のそれぞれの相互作用回転制御部材は、使用時に複数のそれぞれの長手方向位置において前記ボディに対する前記シャフトの角度回転制御を提供するために、前記シャフトに沿った複数のそれぞれの長手方向位置に空間的に分布されている、手術器具。 - 請求項1に記載の手術器具であって、
前記複数の長手方向位置のうちの少なくとも1つが、前記ボディ部分の前記近位端に又はその付近に位置付けられる、手術器具。 - 請求項2に記載の手術器具であって、
前記ボディ部分の前記近位端に又はその付近に位置付けられる前記相互作用回転制御部材群は、回転可能サムホイールを含み、前記サムホイールの回転が、対応する前記細長いシャフトの回転を引き起こし、前記サムホイールは、前記ボディ部分上の相補的ストッパーに係合するように適応された1つ以上のストップ部材を有する、手術器具。 - 請求項1ないし3のいずれか一項に記載の手術器具であって、
前記複数の長手方向位置のうちの少なくとも1つが、前記ボディ部分の前記遠位端に又はその付近に位置付けられる、手術器具。 - 請求項4に記載の手術器具であって、
前記ボディ部分の前記遠位端に又はその付近に位置付けられる前記相互作用回転制御部材群は、前記シャフトが前記ボディ部分の内部から中を経て外部に至ることを許容するように且つ前記シャフトが前記ボディ部分に対して回転されるのに伴って前記シャフトとともに回転するように適応された回転可能シャフト支持部材を含み、前記回転可能シャフト支持部材は、前記ボディ部分上の相補的ストッパーに係合するように適応された1つ以上のストップ部材を有する、手術器具。 - 請求項1ないし5のいずれか一項に記載の手術器具であって、
前記シャフトに沿って空間的に分布された前記複数群のそれぞれの相互作用回転制御部材は、前記シャフト上の(1つ又は複数の)同じ角度位置における前記シャフトの更なる回転を阻止できるように、回転式に調整される、手術器具。 - 請求項1ないし6のいずれか一項に記載の手術器具であって、
前記シャフトの所定の回転角度は、180〜360度である、又は更に好ましくは、250〜300度である、又は最も好ましくは、おおよそ270度である、手術器具。 - 手術器具であって、
概ね前方方向及び後方方向を定めている長手方向軸を有するハンドルと、
前記ハンドルの内部から前記ハンドルの前方端を通って伸びている細長いシャフトと、
前記細長いシャフトの遠位端に位置決めされたエンドエフェクタと、
前記細長いシャフトが前記ハンドルの前記内部から中を経て外部に至ることを許容するように且つ前記シャフトが前記ハンドルに対して回転されるのに伴って前記シャフトとともに回転するように適応された回転可能シャフト支持部材であって、前記ハンドル上の相補的ストッパーに係合するように適応された1つ以上のストップ部材を有する回転可能シャフト支持部材と、
を備える手術器具。 - 請求項8に記載の手術器具であって、
前記回転可能シャフト支持部材は、複数のストップ部材を備える、手術器具。 - 請求項8又は9に記載の手術器具であって、
前記1つ以上のストップ部材は、突出の形態をとる、手術器具。 - 請求項10に記載の手術器具であって、
前記1つ以上のストップ部材は、前記回転可能シャフト支持部材上に形成された突出の形態をとる、手術器具。 - 請求項8ないし11のいずれか一項に記載の手術器具であって、
前記ハンドルは、前記1つ以上のストップ部材が係合するように適応された構造を構成している1つ以上の肩部を備える、手術器具。 - 請求項8ないし12のいずれか一項に記載の手術器具であって、
所定の回転角度は、180〜360度であり、更に好ましくは、250〜300度であり、最も好ましくは、おおよそ270度である、手術器具。
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