JP2017158552A - 光により制御される中枢神経系(cns)機能不全 - Google Patents
光により制御される中枢神経系(cns)機能不全 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2017158552A JP2017158552A JP2017052250A JP2017052250A JP2017158552A JP 2017158552 A JP2017158552 A JP 2017158552A JP 2017052250 A JP2017052250 A JP 2017052250A JP 2017052250 A JP2017052250 A JP 2017052250A JP 2017158552 A JP2017158552 A JP 2017158552A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- bla
- light
- anxiety
- neurons
- opsin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
- A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- A61K38/177—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/027—New or modified breeds of vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/027—New or modified breeds of vertebrates
- A01K67/0275—Genetically modified vertebrates, e.g. transgenic
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/027—New or modified breeds of vertebrates
- A01K67/0275—Genetically modified vertebrates, e.g. transgenic
- A01K67/0278—Knock-in vertebrates, e.g. humanised vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/16—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state
- A61B5/165—Evaluating the state of mind, e.g. depression, anxiety
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K41/00—Medicinal preparations obtained by treating materials with wave energy or particle radiation ; Therapies using these preparations
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
- A61K48/005—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy characterised by an aspect of the 'active' part of the composition delivered, i.e. the nucleic acid delivered
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K48/00—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy
- A61K48/005—Medicinal preparations containing genetic material which is inserted into cells of the living body to treat genetic diseases; Gene therapy characterised by an aspect of the 'active' part of the composition delivered, i.e. the nucleic acid delivered
- A61K48/0058—Nucleic acids adapted for tissue specific expression, e.g. having tissue specific promoters as part of a contruct
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/0004—Screening or testing of compounds for diagnosis of disorders, assessment of conditions, e.g. renal clearance, gastric emptying, testing for diabetes, allergy, rheuma, pancreas functions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
- A61K49/0004—Screening or testing of compounds for diagnosis of disorders, assessment of conditions, e.g. renal clearance, gastric emptying, testing for diabetes, allergy, rheuma, pancreas functions
- A61K49/0008—Screening agents using (non-human) animal models or transgenic animal models or chimeric hosts, e.g. Alzheimer disease animal model, transgenic model for heart failure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0019—Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
- A61N5/0613—Apparatus adapted for a specific treatment
- A61N5/062—Photodynamic therapy, i.e. excitation of an agent
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/22—Anxiolytics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/195—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/405—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from algae
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/705—Receptors; Cell surface antigens; Cell surface determinants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/85—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells
- C12N15/8509—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells for producing genetically modified animals, e.g. transgenic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/85—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells
- C12N15/86—Viral vectors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N7/00—Viruses; Bacteriophages; Compositions thereof; Preparation or purification thereof
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
- G01N33/5008—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells for testing or evaluating the effect of chemical or biological compounds, e.g. drugs, cosmetics
- G01N33/5082—Supracellular entities, e.g. tissue, organisms
- G01N33/5088—Supracellular entities, e.g. tissue, organisms of vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2217/00—Genetically modified animals
- A01K2217/07—Animals genetically altered by homologous recombination
- A01K2217/072—Animals genetically altered by homologous recombination maintaining or altering function, i.e. knock in
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2227/00—Animals characterised by species
- A01K2227/10—Mammal
- A01K2227/105—Murine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2267/00—Animals characterised by purpose
- A01K2267/03—Animal model, e.g. for test or diseases
- A01K2267/035—Animal model for multifactorial diseases
- A01K2267/0356—Animal model for processes and diseases of the central nervous system, e.g. stress, learning, schizophrenia, pain, epilepsy
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K2267/00—Animals characterised by purpose
- A01K2267/03—Animal model, e.g. for test or diseases
- A01K2267/0393—Animal model comprising a reporter system for screening tests
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/85—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells
- C12N15/8509—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells for producing genetically modified animals, e.g. transgenic
- C12N2015/8527—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for animal cells for producing genetically modified animals, e.g. transgenic for producing animal models, e.g. for tests or diseases
- C12N2015/859—Animal models comprising reporter system for screening tests
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2750/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA ssDNA viruses
- C12N2750/00011—Details
- C12N2750/14011—Parvoviridae
- C12N2750/14111—Dependovirus, e.g. adenoassociated viruses
- C12N2750/14141—Use of virus, viral particle or viral elements as a vector
- C12N2750/14143—Use of virus, viral particle or viral elements as a vector viral genome or elements thereof as genetic vector
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2799/00—Uses of viruses
- C12N2799/02—Uses of viruses as vector
- C12N2799/021—Uses of viruses as vector for the expression of a heterologous nucleic acid
- C12N2799/025—Uses of viruses as vector for the expression of a heterologous nucleic acid where the vector is derived from a parvovirus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2800/00—Nucleic acids vectors
- C12N2800/10—Plasmid DNA
- C12N2800/106—Plasmid DNA for vertebrates
- C12N2800/107—Plasmid DNA for vertebrates for mammalian
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N2800/00—Nucleic acids vectors
- C12N2800/60—Vectors containing traps for, e.g. exons, promoters
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Rheumatology (AREA)
- Endocrinology (AREA)
- Diabetes (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Psychiatry (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本願は、それぞれの内容の全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる、2010年11月5日に提出された米国特許仮出願番号第61/410,748号および2011年3月8日に提出された米国特許仮出願番号第61/464,806号の優先権の利益を主張するものである。
不安感は、目下の脅威が無い状況で、高まった心配が持続する状態であり、病的な状態では、非常に心身を衰弱させるものとなる。不安障害は、精神病のうちで最も一般的なものを代表し(28%の生涯有病率を有する)、そして、大うつ病と物質乱用の原因論と関係づけられている。感情処理に重要な脳の領域である扁桃体が不安感について役割を担うと長らく仮定されてきたが、不安感を制御、仲介する神経メカニズムは未だ特定されていない。不安障害は高い有病率を持ち、そして、深刻であるにも関わらず、対応する神経回路基質の理解は不十分であり、安全で効果的な治療の開発を妨げている。利用可能な治療法は効果が一貫しない傾向にあり、または、ベンゾジアゼピン類の場合、常習性になり、認知障害や死を引き起こすこともありうる鎮静状態と呼吸抑制を含む顕著な副作用に直結する傾向がある。哺乳類の脳における不安感の制御機構のより深い理解が、副作用がより少ない、より効果的な治療法を開発するために必要である。自然の不安緩解の経路をリクルートする可能性が特に興味深く、そして、新しい。
本開示は、本明細書において記載されるような、不安感および不安症状を伴う障害などの神経系障害の制御に関連する。本開示は、必ずしも、これらの状況に限定されないが、これらの状況および他の状況を用いて実施例を考察することにより、本発明の様々な態様を理解することができる。
表1は、可視光のスペクトルでの細胞活性の抑制に働く特定されたオプシンを示す。
本開示は不安状態および/または不安症状の制御に有用であると考えられる。本発明の具体的な応用は、不安状態および/または不安症状に関係した神経回路の時間的制御、空間的制御および/または細胞種的制御を関連付ける光遺伝学的システムまたは方法に関連する。本明細書において開示される例示的実施形態の多くの態様がこの分野のこれまでの発展に関連し、顕著にもそれをもとにしているので、実施例において見いだされるものを含む、発明の実施の詳細と変更を引き出し得る基礎と基礎をなす教示についてのしっかりとした理解をもたらすために、次の考察でそのようなこれまでの発展について概要を述べる。この文脈で、以下の考察が提供され、参考文献の教示が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。本発明は必ずしもそのような応用に限定されるものではないが、この文脈を用いて、様々な例の考察を通して本発明の様々な態様が理解され得る。
不安感は、目下の脅威が無い状況で、高まった心配が持続する状態であり、病的な状態では、非常に心身を衰弱させるものとなる1。不安障害は、精神病のうちで最も一般的なものを代表し(28%の生涯有病率を有する)2、そして、大うつ病と物質乱用の原因論と関係づけられている3〜5。感情の処理に重要な脳の領域である扁桃体9〜17が不安感に役割を担うと長らく仮定されてきたが18〜23、不安感を制御、仲介する神経メカニズムは未だ特定されていない。本明細書で、我々は、不安感関連行動の根底にある神経回路を特定するために、細胞種特異的光遺伝学的ツールを二光子顕微鏡法、電気生理学および自由に動くマウスでの不安感測定法と組み合わせる。細胞種だけではなく細胞間の特定の結合を制御するために光遺伝学のユニークな能力24〜26を利用して、我々は、ChR2によるBLAのウイルス性形質導入とそれに続く下流CeAでの限定的な照明により分析されて、扁桃体中心核(CeA)中の基底外側扁桃体(BLA)末端の時間的に正確な光遺伝学的刺激が甚大で即時の、そして、可逆的な抗不安効果を及ぼすことを観察した。逆に、eNpHR3.025を用いる同じ限定された投射の選択的光遺伝学的抑制が不安感関連行動を強力に、迅速に、そして、可逆的に増加させた。重要なことに、これらの効果はBLA細胞体そのものの直接的光遺伝学的制御では観察されなかった。まとめると、これらの結果は、回路の要素としての特定のBLA−CeA投射が哺乳類の脳における内在性の不安感制御に必要であると共に充分であることを意味し、そして、細胞種よりもむしろ特定の投射を光遺伝学的に標的とすることの精神疾患に関連の神経回路機能の研究における重要性を示す。
対象:実験法開始エポックで4〜6週齢のオスC57BL/6マウスを反転型12時間明暗サイクル、自由飲食条件で飼育した。図3、4および5に示される動物(ChR2末端グループ、EYFP末端グループおよびChR2細胞体グループのマウス)は、不安感のベースラインレベルを上昇させるために典型的な高トラフィックマウス飼育施設に全て1匹ずつ飼育された。マウスはそれぞれ1つの処理グループに属した。図6に示される動物(両側性EYFPグループおよびeNpHR3.0グループ)は、不安感のベースラインレベルを低下させるために特別な低トラフィックマウス飼育施設に集団で飼育された。我々の動物の動物管理と実験操作の全ての態様は米国国立衛生研究所のガイドラインに準拠しており、そして、スタンフォード機関内動物実験委員会のメンバーにより認可されたものである。
μは全ての細胞での総平均であり(観察値の収集におけるij番目の「細胞」とはi番目の条件、j番目の処理に対応する)
ciは(複数の)処理でのi番目の動物条件に起因する固定効果(例えば、遺伝学的操作)であり、
tjは(複数の)条件でのj番目の処理に起因する固定効果(例えば、ライト・オンまたはライト・オフ)であり、
(c:t)ijはij番目の細胞でのi番目の条件とj番目の処理の相互作用に起因する固定効果であり、
bjは(複数の)処理で用いられる動物に対応するランダム効果であり、そして、
eijkは、平均値が0で分散がσ2であり、全てのjについてbjに独立した、独立同分布(i.i.d.)ランダム正規外乱である。
BLA細胞は、分界条床核(BNST)、側坐核、海馬および皮質への投射を含む、脳全体に渡って乱雑な投射を有する38、43。BLA−CeLシナプスが必然的に不安感に関与し得るかどうか試験するために、したがって、他のBLA投射を直接影響することなくCeL中のBLA末端を選択的に制御する方法を開発することが必要であった。BLA−CeLシナプスを優先的に標的とするために、我々はオプシン遺伝子の発現をBLAグルタミン酸作動性投射ニューロンに限定し、そして、光送達をCeAに限定した。CaMKIIαプロモーターの制御下にある光活性化光遺伝学的制御遺伝子を有するアデノ随伴ウイルス(AAV5)ベクターを用いてBLAグルタミン酸作動性投射ニューロンの制御が達成された。BLA内では、CaMKIIαはグルタミン酸作動性錐体ニューロンだけで発現し、局所性インターニューロンまたは介在細胞では発現しない48。CeA投射へ光を優先的に送達するために、BLAへの光送達を防ぎ、そして、CeAの選択的照明を可能にするためにCeL上に斜めに切ったガイドカニューレを埋め込むと共に、定位ガイダンスの下、BLAにウイルスを片側的に送達した(図7および8)。その結果の光の分布についての幾何的および機能的特質は、BLA細胞体ではなくBLA末端の選択的制御についての光パワーパラメータを判定するために、インビトロとインビボの両方で、インビボ電気生理学的レコーディングを用いて定量され得る(図9)。
1. Lieb, R. Anxiety disorders: clinical presentation and epidemiology. Handb Exp Pharmacol, 405-432 (2005).
2. Kessler, R.C., et al. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 62, 593-602 (2005).
3. Koob, G.F. Brain stress systems in the amygdala and addiction. Brain Res 1293, 61-75 (2009).
4. Ressler, K.J. & Mayberg, H.S. Targeting abnormal neural circuits in mood and anxiety disorders: from the laboratory to the clinic. Nat Neurosci 10, 1116-1124 (2007).
5. Vanderschuren, L.J. & Everitt, B.J. Behavioral and neural mechanisms of compulsive drug seeking. Eur J Pharmacol 526, 77-88 (2005).
6. Davis, M., Walker, D.L., Miles, L. & Grillon, C. Phasic vs sustained fear in rats and humans: role of the extended amygdala in fear vs anxiety. Neuropsychopharmacology 35, 105-135.
7. Ehrlich, I., et al. Amygdala inhibitory circuits and the control of fear memory. Neuron 62, 757-771 (2009).
8. Han, J.H., et al. Selective erasure of a fear memory. Science 323, 1492-1496 (2009).
9. Herry, C., et al. Switching on and off fear by distinct neuronal circuits. Nature 454, 600-606 (2008).
10. LeDoux, J. The emotional brain, fear, and the amygdala. Cell Mol Neurobiol 23, 727-738 (2003).
11. Maren, S. & Quirk, G.J. Neuronal signaling of fear memory. Nat Rev Neurosci 5, 844-852 (2004).
12. Pare, D., Quirk, G.J. & Ledoux, J.E. New vistas on amygdala networks in conditioned fear. J Neurophysiol 92, 1-9 (2004).
13. Shin, L.M. & Liberzon, I. The neurocircuitry of fear, stress, and anxiety disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 35, 169-191.
14. Davis, M. The role of the amygdala in conditioned and unconditioned fear and anxiety. in The Amygdala (ed. A. JP) p. 213-288 (Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 2000).
15. Killcross, S., Robbins, T.W. & Everitt, B.J. Different types of fear-conditioned behaviour mediated by separate nuclei within amygdala. Nature 388, 377-380 (1997).
16. Tye, K.M. & Janak, P.H. Amygdala neurons differentially encode motivation and reinforcement. J Neurosci 27, 3937-3945 (2007).
17. Tye, K.M., Stuber, G.D., de Ridder, B., Bonci, A. & Janak, P.H. Rapid strengthening of thalamo-amygdala synapses mediates cue-reward learning. Nature 453, 1253-1257 (2008).
18. Bahi, A., Mineur, Y.S. & Picciotto, M.R. Blockade of protein phosphatase 2B activity in the amygdala increases anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in mice. Biol Psychiatry 66, 1139-1146 (2009).
19. Davis, M. Are different parts of the extended amygdala involved in fear versus anxiety? Biol Psychiatry 44, 1239-1247 (1998).
20. Etkin, A., et al. Individual differences in trait anxiety predict the response of the basolateral amygdala to unconsciously processed fearful faces. Neuron 44, 1043-1055 (2004).
21. Kalin, N.H., Shelton, S.E. & Davidson, R.J. The role of the central nucleus of the amygdala in mediating fear and anxiety in the primate. J Neurosci 24, 5506-5515 (2004).
22. Roozendaal, B., McEwen, B.S. & Chattarji, S. Stress, memory and the amygdala. Nat Rev Neurosci (2009).
23. Stein, M.B., Simmons, A.N., Feinstein, J.S. & Paulus, M.P. Increased amygdala and insula activation during emotion processing in anxiety-prone subjects. Am J Psychiatry 164, 318-327 (2007).
24. Boyden, E.S., Zhang, F., Bamberg, E, Nagel, G. & Deisseroth, K. Millisecond-timescale, genetically targeted optical control of neural activity. Nat Neurosci 8, 1263-1268 (2005).
25. Gradinaru, V., at aL Molecular and cellular approaches for diversifying and extending optogenetics. Ce// 141, 154-165.
26. Nagel, G., at al. Channelrhodopsin-2, a directly light-gated cation-selective membrane channel. Proc Nat/ Acad Sci U S A 100, 13940-13945 (2003).
27. Fraser, A.D. Use and abuse of the benzodiazepines. Ther Drug Monit 20, 481-489 (1998).
28. Woods, J.H., Katz, J.L. & Winger, G. Benzodiazepines: use, abuse, and consequences. Pharmacol Rev 44, 151-347 (1992).
29. Hovatta, I. & Barlow, C. Molecular genetics of anxiety in mice and men. Anti Med 40, 92-109 (2008).
30. Hovatta, I., et al. Glyoxalase 1 and glutathione reductase 1 regulate anxiety in mice. Nature 438, 662-666 (2005).
31. Blanchard, R.J., Yudko, E.B., Rodgers, R.J. & Blanchard, D.C. Defense system psychopharmacology: an ethological approach to the pharmacology of fear and anxiety. Behav Brain Res 58, 155-165 (1993).
32. LeDoux, J.E., Iwata, J., Cicchetti, P. & Reis, D.J. Different projections of the central amygdaloid nucleus mediate autonomic and behavioral correlates of conditioned fear. J Neurosci 8, 2517-2529 (1988).
33. Carlson, J. lrnmunocytochemical localization of glutamate decarboxylase in the rat basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, with special reference to GABAergic innervation of amygdalostriatal projection neurons. J Comp Neurol 273, 513-526 (1988).
34. Smith, Y. & Pare, D. Intra-amygdaloid projections of the lateral nucleus in the cat: PHA-L anterograde labeling combined with postembedding GABA and glutamate immunocytochemistry. J Comp Neurol 342, 232-248 (1994).
35. McDonald, A.J. Cytoarchitecture of the central amygdaloid nucleus of the rat. J Comp Neurol 208, 401-418 (1982).
36. Bissiere, S., Humeau, Y. & Luthi, A. Dopamine gates LTP induction in lateral amygdala by suppressing feedforward inhibition. Nat Neurosci 6, 587-592 (2003).
37. Marowsky, A., Yanagawa, Y., Obata, K. & Vogt, K.E. A specialized subclass of interneurons mediates dopaminergic facilitation of amygdala function. Neuron 48, 1025-1037 (2005).
38. Pitkanen, A. Connectivity of the rat amygdaloid complex. in The Amygdala (ed. A. JP) p. 31-99 (Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 2000).
39. Krettek, J.E. & Price, J.L. Amygdaloid projections to subcortical structures within the basal forebrain and brainstem in the rat and cat. J Comp Neurol 178, 225-254 (1978).
40. Petrovich, G.D. & Swanson, L.W. Projections from the lateral part of the central amygdalar nucleus to the postulated fear conditioning circuit. Brain Res 763, 247-254 (1997).
41. LeDoux, J.E., Cicchetti, P., Xagoraris, A. & Romanski, L.M. The lateral amygdaloid nucleus: sensory interface of the amygdala in fear conditioning. J Neurosci 10, 1062-1069 (1990).
42. Krettek, J.E. & Price, J.L. A description of the amygdaloid complex in the rat and cat with observations on intra-amygdaloid axonal connections. J Comp Neurol 178, 255-280 (1978).
43. Petrovich, G.D., Risold, P.Y. & Swanson, L.W. Organization of projections from the basomedial nucleus of the amygdala: a PHAL study in the rat. J Comp Neural 374, 387-420 (1996).
44. Pare, D. & Smith, Y. The intercalated cell masses project to the central and medial nuclei of the amygdala in cats. Neuroscience 57, 1077-1090 (1993).
45. Likhtik, E., Popa, D., Apergis-Schoute, J., Fidacaro, G.A. & Pare, D. Amygdala intercalated neurons are required for expression of fear extinction. Nature 454, 642-645 (2008).
46. Jolkkonen, E. & Pitkanen, A. Intrinsic connections of the rat amygdaloid complex: projections originating in the central nucleus. J Comp Neurol 395, 53-72 (1998).
47. Amano, T., Unal, C.T. & Pare, D. Synaptic correlates of fear extinction in the amygdala. Nat Neurosci 13, 489-494.
48. McDonald, A.J., Muller, J.F. & Mascagni, F. GABAergic innervation of alpha type II calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase immunoreactive pyramidal neurons in the rat basolateral amygdala. J Comp Neurol 446, 199-218 (2002).
49. Choleris, E., Thomas, A.W., Kavaliers, M. & Prato, F.S. A detailed ethological analysis of the mouse open field test: effects of diazepam, chlordiazepoxide and an extremely low frequency pulsed magnetic field. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 25, 235-260 (2001).
50. Pellow, S., Chopin, P., File, S.E. & Briley, M. Validation of open:closed arm entries in an elevated plus-maze as a measure of anxiety in the rat. J Neurosci Methods 14, 149-167 (1985).
51. Sah, P. & Lopez De Armentia, M. Excitatory synaptic transmission in the lateral and central amygdala. Ann N YAcad Sci 985, 67-77 (2003).
52. Davis, M. & Shi, C. The extended amygdala: are the central nucleus of the amygdala and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis differentially involved in fear versus anxiety? Ann N YAcad Sci 877, 281291 (1999).
53. Sakanaka, M., Shibasaki, T. & Lederis, K. Distribution and efferent projections of corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in the rat amygdaloid complex. Brain Res 382, 213-238 (1986).
54. Holmes, A., Yang, R.J., Lesch, K.P., Crawley, J.N. & Murphy, D.L. Mice lacking the serotonin transporter exhibit 5-HT(1A) receptor-mediated abnormalities in tests for anxiety-like behavior. Neuropsychopharmacology 28, 2077-2088 (2003).
55. Lesch, K.P., et al. Association of anxiety-related traits with a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region. Science 274, 1527-1531 (1996).
56. Graybiel, A.M. & Rauch, S.L. Toward a neurobiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuron 28, 343-347 (2000).
57. Picciotto, M.R., Brunzell, D.H. & Caldarone, B.J. Effect of nicotine and nicotinic receptors on anxiety and depression. Neuroreport 13, 1097-1106 (2002).
58. Snyder, S.H. & Enna, S.J. The role of central glycine receptors in the pharmacologic actions of benzodiazepines. Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol, 81-91 (1975).
59. Lesscher, H.M., et al. Amygdala protein kinase C epsilon regulates corticotropin-releasing factor and anxiety-like behavior. Genes Brain Behav 7, 323-333 (2008).
60. Milad, M.R., Rauch, S.L., Pitman, R.K. & Quirk, G.J. Fear extinction in rats: implications for human brain imaging and anxiety disorders. Biol Psycho! 73, 61-71 (2006).
1. BLAのグルタミン酸作動性錐体ニューロンにおいて発現する光反応性オプシンを含む動物であって、前記オプシンが光による過分極を誘導するオプシンであり、BLA−CeLにおける前記オプシンの選択的照明により不安感が誘発される、動物。
2. 前記オプシンが、NpHR、BR、ARおよびGtR3からなる群より選択される、実施形態1に記載の動物。
3. BLAのグルタミン酸作動性錐体ニューロンにおいて発現する第2の光反応性オプシンをさらに含み、前記第2オプシンが光による脱分極を誘導するオプシンであり、BLA−CeLにおける前記第2オプシンの選択的照明により不安感が軽減される、実施形態1に記載の動物。
4. 前記第2オプシンが、ChR2、VChR1およびDChRからなる群より選択される、実施形態3に記載の動物。
5. BLAのグルタミン酸作動性錐体ニューロンにおいて発現する光反応性オプシンを含む動物であって、前記オプシンが光による脱分極を誘導するオプシンであり、BLA−CeLにおける前記オプシンの選択的照明により不安感が軽減される、動物。
6. 前記オプシンが、ChR2、VChR1およびDChRからなる群より選択される、実施形態5に記載の動物。
7. 個体のBLAのグルタミン酸作動性錐体ニューロンに核酸を送達するためのベクターであって、光反応性オプシンをコードし、前記グルタミン酸作動性錐体ニューロンにおける前記オプシンの特異的な発現を制御するプロモーターに機能的に連結した核酸を含む、ベクター。
8. 前記オプシンをコードする前記核酸がCaMKIIαプロモーターに機能的に連結した、実施形態7に記載のベクター。
9. 前記ベクターがAAVベクターである、実施形態7に記載のベクター。
10. 前記オプシンが光による脱分極を誘導するオプシンであって、BLA−CeLにおける前記オプシンの選択的照明が不安感を軽減する、実施形態7に記載のベクター。
11. 前記オプシンが、ChR2、VChR1およびDChRからなる群より選択される、実施形態10に記載のベクター。
12. 前記オプシンが光による過分極を誘導するオプシンであって、BLA−CeLにおける前記オプシンの選択的照明が不安感を誘発する、実施形態7に記載のベクター。
13. 前記オプシンが、NpHR、BR、ARおよびGtR3からなる群より選択される、実施形態12に記載のベクター。
14. 前記個体がマウスまたはラットである、実施形態7に記載のベクター。
15. 個体のBLAのグルタミン酸作動性錐体ニューロンに核酸を送達する方法であって、光反応性オプシンをコードし、前記グルタミン酸作動性錐体ニューロンにおける前記オプシンの特異的な発現を制御するプロモーターに機能的に連結した核酸を含むベクターの有効量を前記個体に投与することを含む、方法。
16. BLA、CeLおよびCeMを含む冠状断脳組織薄片であって、前記BLAの前記グルタミン酸作動性錐体ニューロンにおいて光反応性オプシンが発現する、冠状断脳組織薄片。
17. 不安感を軽減する化合物をスクリーニングする方法であって、
(a)BLAの前記グルタミン酸作動性錐体ニューロンにおいて発現するオプシンの選択的照明により誘発される不安感を有する動物に化合物を投与すること、このとき前記動物はBLAの前記グルタミン酸作動性錐体ニューロンにおいて発現する光反応性オプシンを含み、前記オプシンが光による過分極を誘導するオプシンである;および
(b)前記動物における不安感のレベルを判定すること
を含み、前記不安感のレベルの低下が、その化合物が不安感の治療に有効であり得ることを示す、方法。
18. 前記オプシンが、NpHR、BR、ARおよびGtR3からなる群より選択される、実施形態17に記載の方法。
19. 個体における不安感を軽減する方法であって、
(a)光反応性オプシンをコードし、BLAのグルタミン酸作動性錐体ニューロンにおけるオプシンの特異的な発現を制御するプロモーターに機能的に連結した核酸を含むベクターの有効量を個体に投与すること、このとき前記オプシンがBLAの前記グルタミン酸作動性錐体ニューロンにおいて発現し、光による脱分極を誘導するオプシンである;および
(b)不安感を軽減するためにBLA−CeLの前記グルタミン酸作動性錐体ニューロンにおける前記オプシンを選択的に照明すること
を含む、方法。
20. 前記オプシンが、ChR2、VChR1およびDChRからなる群より選択される、実施形態19に記載の方法。
21. 個体において不安感を誘発させる方法であって、
(a)オプシンをコードし、BLAのグルタミン酸作動性錐体ニューロンにおけるオプシンの特異的な発現を制御するプロモーターに機能的に連結した核酸を含むベクターの有効量を個体に投与すること、このとき前記オプシンが前記グルタミン酸作動性錐体ニューロンにおいて発現し、光による脱分極を誘導するオプシンである;および
(b)不安感を誘発するためにBLA−CeLの前記グルタミン酸作動性錐体ニューロンにおける前記オプシンを選択的に照明すること
を含む、方法。
22. 不安感を治療または研究するためのBLA−CeMの修飾活性に関連する装置または方法。
23. 修飾活性がBLA−CeLの選択的刺激を含む、実施形態22に記載の装置または方法。
24. 修飾活性が光反応性オプシンのグルタミン酸作動性錐体ニューロンにおける標的発現によるBLA−CeLの選択的刺激を含む、実施形態22に記載の装置または方法。
25. 修飾活性が、BLA細胞体の照明に対して、CeAの選択的照明をさらに含む、実施形態24に記載の装置または方法。
26. BLAへの光の送達を妨げ、そして、CeAの選択的照明を可能にするために斜めに切ったガイドカニューレをCeLに埋め込むことをさらに含む、実施形態24に記載の装置または方法。
27. 薬理学的薬剤、電気刺激、磁気刺激、外科的手段または光遺伝学的刺激のうちの1つ以上を含むが、これらに限定されない治療法をスクリーニングすることをさらに含む、実施形態22に記載の装置または方法。
28. BLA−CeM回路を標的とする治療法であって、薬理学的薬剤、電気刺激、磁気刺激、外科的手段または光遺伝学的刺激のうちの1つ以上を含むが、これらに限定されない前記方法を提供することをさらに対象とする、実施形態22から27のいずれか1項に記載の装置または方法。
29. 不安感および/または関連の障害の研究および厳密な調査のための本開示の回路モデルを使用する装置または方法。
30. 表現型を特定すること、エンドフェノタイプを特定することおよび治療標的を特定することのうちの1つ以上をさらに含む、実施形態22から29のいずれか1項に記載の装置または方法。
31. 実施例に記載される実施形態を含む、本開示の実施形態のいずれか1つに記載の装置または方法。
Claims (1)
- 明細書に記載の発明。
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US41074810P | 2010-11-05 | 2010-11-05 | |
| US61/410,748 | 2010-11-05 | ||
| US201161464806P | 2011-03-08 | 2011-03-08 | |
| US61/464,806 | 2011-03-08 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013537860A Division JP6155192B2 (ja) | 2010-11-05 | 2011-11-04 | 光により制御される中枢神経系(cns)機能不全 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2017158552A true JP2017158552A (ja) | 2017-09-14 |
| JP2017158552A5 JP2017158552A5 (ja) | 2017-10-26 |
| JP6462748B2 JP6462748B2 (ja) | 2019-01-30 |
Family
ID=46025130
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013537860A Expired - Fee Related JP6155192B2 (ja) | 2010-11-05 | 2011-11-04 | 光により制御される中枢神経系(cns)機能不全 |
| JP2017052250A Expired - Fee Related JP6462748B2 (ja) | 2010-11-05 | 2017-03-17 | 光により制御される中枢神経系(cns)機能不全 |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013537860A Expired - Fee Related JP6155192B2 (ja) | 2010-11-05 | 2011-11-04 | 光により制御される中枢神経系(cns)機能不全 |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (4) | US8932562B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2635109A4 (ja) |
| JP (2) | JP6155192B2 (ja) |
| CN (2) | CN106106368A (ja) |
| AU (2) | AU2011323237B2 (ja) |
| CA (2) | CA3056186A1 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2012061690A2 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (48)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10052497B2 (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2018-08-21 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | System for optical stimulation of target cells |
| US9274099B2 (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2016-03-01 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Screening test drugs to identify their effects on cell membrane voltage-gated ion channel |
| US8926959B2 (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2015-01-06 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | System for optical stimulation of target cells |
| US9238150B2 (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2016-01-19 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Optical tissue interface method and apparatus for stimulating cells |
| EP1919497B1 (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2020-02-12 | The Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University | Light-activated cation channel and uses thereof |
| WO2008086470A1 (en) | 2007-01-10 | 2008-07-17 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | System for optical stimulation of target cells |
| WO2008101128A1 (en) | 2007-02-14 | 2008-08-21 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | System, method and applications involving identification of biological circuits such as neurological characteristics |
| WO2008106694A2 (en) | 2007-03-01 | 2008-09-04 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Systems, methods and compositions for optical stimulation of target cells |
| US10434327B2 (en) | 2007-10-31 | 2019-10-08 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Implantable optical stimulators |
| US10035027B2 (en) | 2007-10-31 | 2018-07-31 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Device and method for ultrasonic neuromodulation via stereotactic frame based technique |
| MY169771A (en) | 2008-04-23 | 2019-05-15 | Univ Leland Stanford Junior | Systems, methods and compositions for optical stimulation of target cells |
| WO2009148946A2 (en) | 2008-05-29 | 2009-12-10 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Cell line, system and method for optical control of secondary messengers |
| JP2011525130A (ja) | 2008-06-17 | 2011-09-15 | ボード オブ トラスティーズ オブ ザ レランド スタンフォード ジュニア ユニバーシティ | 光伝送素子を用いた標的細胞の光刺激のための方法、システム、および装置 |
| EP2303405A4 (en) | 2008-06-17 | 2017-12-27 | The Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University | Apparatus and methods for controlling cellular development |
| WO2010006049A1 (en) | 2008-07-08 | 2010-01-14 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Materials and approaches for optical stimulation of the peripheral nervous system |
| NZ602416A (en) | 2008-11-14 | 2014-08-29 | Univ Leland Stanford Junior | Optically-based stimulation of target cells and modifications thereto |
| WO2011116238A2 (en) | 2010-03-17 | 2011-09-22 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University. | Light-sensitive ion-passing molecules |
| WO2012061679A2 (en) | 2010-11-05 | 2012-05-10 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Light-activated chimeric opsins and methods of using the same |
| ES2684307T3 (es) * | 2010-11-05 | 2018-10-02 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Proteínas estabilizadas de tipo opsina de función escalonada y métodos de uso de las mismas |
| AU2011323235B2 (en) | 2010-11-05 | 2015-10-29 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Optogenetic control of reward-related behaviors |
| CN106422081B (zh) | 2010-11-05 | 2019-06-21 | 斯坦福大学托管董事会 | 用于光遗传学方法的光的上转换 |
| CN106376525A (zh) | 2010-11-05 | 2017-02-08 | 斯坦福大学托管董事会 | 记忆功能的控制和表征 |
| CN106106368A (zh) | 2010-11-05 | 2016-11-16 | 斯坦福大学托管董事会 | 光控cns功能障碍 |
| US8696722B2 (en) | 2010-11-22 | 2014-04-15 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Optogenetic magnetic resonance imaging |
| CA2859364C (en) | 2011-12-16 | 2019-05-07 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Opsin polypeptides and methods of use thereof |
| EP3205374B1 (en) | 2012-02-21 | 2019-03-27 | The Board of Trustees of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Compositions for treating neurogenic disorders of the pelvic floor |
| EP2740353A1 (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2014-06-11 | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. | Novel inducible animal models of stress behavior |
| JP6594854B2 (ja) * | 2013-03-15 | 2019-10-23 | ザ ボード オブ トラスティーズ オブ ザ レランド スタンフォード ジュニア ユニバーシティー | 行動状態の光遺伝学的制御方法 |
| US9636380B2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2017-05-02 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Optogenetic control of inputs to the ventral tegmental area |
| AU2014260101B2 (en) | 2013-04-29 | 2018-07-26 | Humboldt-Universitat Zu Berlin | Devices, systems and methods for optogenetic modulation of action potentials in target cells |
| EP3033427A4 (en) | 2013-08-14 | 2017-05-31 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of the Leland Stanford Junior University | Compositions and methods for controlling pain |
| EP3122761B1 (en) | 2014-03-28 | 2019-03-06 | The Board of Trustees of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Engineered light-activated anion channel proteins and methods of use thereof |
| AU2015274457A1 (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2017-01-05 | Circuit Therapeutics, Inc. | Optogenetic therapies for movement disorders |
| US20170182191A1 (en) * | 2014-07-29 | 2017-06-29 | Circuit Therapeutics, Inc. | System and method for optogenetic therapy |
| CN104846015B (zh) * | 2015-05-27 | 2018-03-27 | 深圳先进技术研究院 | 特异性兴奋伏隔核中的gaba能神经元的组合物及其在改善精神分裂症异样行为中的应用 |
| US20180154170A1 (en) * | 2015-06-16 | 2018-06-07 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Methods and compositions for treating mental disorders and conditions |
| WO2016209654A1 (en) | 2015-06-22 | 2016-12-29 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Methods and devices for imaging and/or optogenetic control of light-responsive neurons |
| EP3325095B1 (en) * | 2015-07-23 | 2022-03-30 | Health Research, Inc. | System for administering light therapy to curved and large surfaces |
| US11294165B2 (en) | 2017-03-30 | 2022-04-05 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Modular, electro-optical device for increasing the imaging field of view using time-sequential capture |
| EP3684463B1 (en) | 2017-09-19 | 2025-05-14 | Neuroenhancement Lab, LLC | Method and apparatus for neuroenhancement |
| US11717686B2 (en) | 2017-12-04 | 2023-08-08 | Neuroenhancement Lab, LLC | Method and apparatus for neuroenhancement to facilitate learning and performance |
| US11478603B2 (en) | 2017-12-31 | 2022-10-25 | Neuroenhancement Lab, LLC | Method and apparatus for neuroenhancement to enhance emotional response |
| US12280219B2 (en) | 2017-12-31 | 2025-04-22 | NeuroLight, Inc. | Method and apparatus for neuroenhancement to enhance emotional response |
| US11364361B2 (en) | 2018-04-20 | 2022-06-21 | Neuroenhancement Lab, LLC | System and method for inducing sleep by transplanting mental states |
| TWI694847B (zh) * | 2018-09-05 | 2020-06-01 | 冠晶光電股份有限公司 | 發光裝置的控制方法 |
| CN113382683A (zh) | 2018-09-14 | 2021-09-10 | 纽罗因恒思蒙特实验有限责任公司 | 改善睡眠的系统和方法 |
| CN110211115B (zh) * | 2019-06-03 | 2023-04-07 | 大连理工大学 | 一种基于深度引导元胞自动机的光场显著性检测实现方法 |
| WO2021113804A1 (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2021-06-10 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Imaging individual hippocampal seizures and the long-term impact of repeated seizures |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008106694A2 (en) * | 2007-03-01 | 2008-09-04 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Systems, methods and compositions for optical stimulation of target cells |
| WO2010056970A2 (en) * | 2008-11-14 | 2010-05-20 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Optically-based stimulation of target cells and modifications thereto |
Family Cites Families (287)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2968302A (en) | 1956-07-20 | 1961-01-17 | Univ Illinois | Multibeam focusing irradiator |
| US3131690A (en) | 1962-10-22 | 1964-05-05 | American Optical Corp | Fiber optics devices |
| US3499437A (en) | 1967-03-10 | 1970-03-10 | Ultrasonic Systems | Method and apparatus for treatment of organic structures and systems thereof with ultrasonic energy |
| US3567847A (en) | 1969-01-06 | 1971-03-02 | Edgar E Price | Electro-optical display system |
| US4343301A (en) | 1979-10-04 | 1982-08-10 | Robert Indech | Subcutaneous neural stimulation or local tissue destruction |
| US4559951A (en) | 1982-11-29 | 1985-12-24 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Catheter assembly |
| US4616231A (en) | 1984-03-26 | 1986-10-07 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Narrow-band beam steering system |
| FR2580277B1 (fr) | 1985-04-15 | 1988-06-10 | Oreal | Nouveaux derives naphtaleniques a action retinoique, le ur procede de preparation et compositions medicamenteuse et cosmetique les contenant |
| US4865042A (en) | 1985-08-16 | 1989-09-12 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Ultrasonic irradiation system |
| US5041224A (en) | 1988-03-28 | 1991-08-20 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Ion permeable membrane and ion transport method by utilizing said membrane |
| US5082670A (en) | 1988-12-15 | 1992-01-21 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Method of grafting genetically modified cells to treat defects, disease or damage or the central nervous system |
| JP2882818B2 (ja) | 1989-09-08 | 1999-04-12 | 株式会社エス・エル・ティ・ジャパン | レーザ光の照射装置 |
| CA2028261C (en) | 1989-10-28 | 1995-01-17 | Won Suck Yang | Non-invasive method and apparatus for measuring blood glucose concentration |
| US5032123A (en) | 1989-12-28 | 1991-07-16 | Cordis Corporation | Laser catheter with radially divergent treatment beam |
| JP4236698B2 (ja) | 1990-11-26 | 2009-03-11 | ジェネティックス インスティチュート,リミテッド ライアビリティ カンパニー | 宿主細胞でのpaceの発現およびその使用法 |
| US5550316A (en) | 1991-01-02 | 1996-08-27 | Fox Chase Cancer Center | Transgenic animal model system for human cutaneous melanoma |
| US6497872B1 (en) | 1991-07-08 | 2002-12-24 | Neurospheres Holdings Ltd. | Neural transplantation using proliferated multipotent neural stem cells and their progeny |
| US5249575A (en) | 1991-10-21 | 1993-10-05 | Adm Tronics Unlimited, Inc. | Corona discharge beam thermotherapy system |
| SE9103752D0 (sv) | 1991-12-18 | 1991-12-18 | Astra Ab | New compounds |
| US5670113A (en) | 1991-12-20 | 1997-09-23 | Sibia Neurosciences, Inc. | Automated analysis equipment and assay method for detecting cell surface protein and/or cytoplasmic receptor function using same |
| US5739273A (en) | 1992-02-12 | 1998-04-14 | Yale University | Transmembrane polypeptide and methods of use |
| US5460954A (en) | 1992-04-01 | 1995-10-24 | Cheil Foods & Chemicals, Inc. | Production of human proinsulin using a novel vector system |
| US5330515A (en) | 1992-06-17 | 1994-07-19 | Cyberonics, Inc. | Treatment of pain by vagal afferent stimulation |
| US5382516A (en) | 1992-09-15 | 1995-01-17 | Schleicher & Schuell, Inc. | Method and devices for delivery of substrate for the detection of enzyme-linked, membrane-based binding assays |
| US5527695A (en) | 1993-01-29 | 1996-06-18 | Purdue Research Foundation | Controlled modification of eukaryotic genomes |
| CA2156251A1 (en) | 1993-03-25 | 1994-09-29 | George J. Turner | Expression of heterologous polypeptides in halobacteria |
| JP3128386B2 (ja) | 1993-04-07 | 2001-01-29 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 神経モデル素子 |
| US5411540A (en) | 1993-06-03 | 1995-05-02 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Method and apparatus for preferential neuron stimulation |
| GB2278783A (en) | 1993-06-11 | 1994-12-14 | Daniel Shellon Gluck | Method of magnetically stimulating neural cells |
| US6346101B1 (en) | 1993-07-19 | 2002-02-12 | Research Foundation Of City College Of New York | Photon-mediated introduction of biological materials into cells and/or cellular components |
| US5445608A (en) | 1993-08-16 | 1995-08-29 | James C. Chen | Method and apparatus for providing light-activated therapy |
| JPH07171162A (ja) | 1993-09-07 | 1995-07-11 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | レーザプローブ |
| US6251100B1 (en) | 1993-09-24 | 2001-06-26 | Transmedica International, Inc. | Laser assisted topical anesthetic permeation |
| US5470307A (en) | 1994-03-16 | 1995-11-28 | Lindall; Arnold W. | Catheter system for controllably releasing a therapeutic agent at a remote tissue site |
| CA2187626C (en) | 1994-04-13 | 2009-11-03 | Michael G. Kaplitt | Aav-mediated delivery of dna to cells of the nervous system |
| US6436908B1 (en) | 1995-05-30 | 2002-08-20 | Duke University | Use of exogenous β-adrenergic receptor and β-adrenergic receptor kinase gene constructs to enhance myocardial function |
| US5495541A (en) | 1994-04-19 | 1996-02-27 | Murray; Steven C. | Optical delivery device with high numerical aperture curved waveguide |
| US5503737A (en) | 1994-07-25 | 1996-04-02 | Ingersoll-Rand Company | Air inflow restrictor for disc filters |
| US5807285A (en) | 1994-08-18 | 1998-09-15 | Ethicon-Endo Surgery, Inc. | Medical applications of ultrasonic energy |
| US5520188A (en) | 1994-11-02 | 1996-05-28 | Focus Surgery Inc. | Annular array transducer |
| US5795581A (en) | 1995-03-31 | 1998-08-18 | Sandia Corporation | Controlled release of molecular components of dendrimer/bioactive complexes |
| US6334846B1 (en) | 1995-03-31 | 2002-01-01 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Ultrasound therapeutic apparatus |
| WO1996032076A1 (en) | 1995-04-11 | 1996-10-17 | Baxter Internatonal Inc. | Tissue implant systems |
| US6342379B1 (en) | 1995-06-07 | 2002-01-29 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Detection of transmembrane potentials by optical methods |
| US6480743B1 (en) | 2000-04-05 | 2002-11-12 | Neuropace, Inc. | System and method for adaptive brain stimulation |
| US5755750A (en) | 1995-11-13 | 1998-05-26 | University Of Florida | Method and apparatus for selectively inhibiting activity in nerve fibers |
| US5722426A (en) | 1996-02-26 | 1998-03-03 | Kolff; Jack | Coronary light probe and method of use |
| US5703985A (en) | 1996-04-29 | 1997-12-30 | Eclipse Surgical Technologies, Inc. | Optical fiber device and method for laser surgery procedures |
| US5939320A (en) | 1996-05-20 | 1999-08-17 | New York University | G-coupled receptors associated with macrophage-trophic HIV, and diagnostic and therapeutic uses thereof |
| US5898058A (en) | 1996-05-20 | 1999-04-27 | Wellman, Inc. | Method of post-polymerization stabilization of high activity catalysts in continuous polyethylene terephthalate production |
| US20040076613A1 (en) | 2000-11-03 | 2004-04-22 | Nicholas Mazarakis | Vector system |
| US7732129B1 (en) | 1998-12-01 | 2010-06-08 | Crucell Holland B.V. | Method for the production and purification of adenoviral vectors |
| US5741316A (en) | 1996-12-02 | 1998-04-21 | Light Sciences Limited Partnership | Electromagnetic coil configurations for power transmission through tissue |
| US5756351A (en) | 1997-01-13 | 1998-05-26 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Biomolecular optical sensors |
| US5782896A (en) | 1997-01-29 | 1998-07-21 | Light Sciences Limited Partnership | Use of a shape memory alloy to modify the disposition of a device within an implantable medical probe |
| US5904659A (en) | 1997-02-14 | 1999-05-18 | Exogen, Inc. | Ultrasonic treatment for wounds |
| US5816256A (en) | 1997-04-17 | 1998-10-06 | Bioanalytical Systems, Inc. | Movement--responsive system for conducting tests on freely-moving animals |
| EP0969876A2 (en) | 1997-04-17 | 2000-01-12 | Paola Leone | Delivery system for gene therapy to the brain |
| US7276488B2 (en) | 1997-06-04 | 2007-10-02 | Oxford Biomedica (Uk) Limited | Vector system |
| US5984861A (en) | 1997-09-29 | 1999-11-16 | Boston Scientific Corporation | Endofluorescence imaging module for an endoscope |
| US6597954B1 (en) | 1997-10-27 | 2003-07-22 | Neuropace, Inc. | System and method for controlling epileptic seizures with spatially separated detection and stimulation electrodes |
| US6016449A (en) | 1997-10-27 | 2000-01-18 | Neuropace, Inc. | System for treatment of neurological disorders |
| US6647296B2 (en) | 1997-10-27 | 2003-11-11 | Neuropace, Inc. | Implantable apparatus for treating neurological disorders |
| US6790652B1 (en) | 1998-01-08 | 2004-09-14 | Bioimage A/S | Method and apparatus for high density format screening for bioactive molecules |
| WO1999051143A1 (en) | 1998-04-07 | 1999-10-14 | Windy Hill Technology, Inc. | Methods and devices for the localization of lesions in solid tissue |
| US6319241B1 (en) | 1998-04-30 | 2001-11-20 | Medtronic, Inc. | Techniques for positioning therapy delivery elements within a spinal cord or a brain |
| US6108081A (en) | 1998-07-20 | 2000-08-22 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Nonlinear vibrational microscopy |
| WO2000011155A1 (en) | 1998-08-19 | 2000-03-02 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Methods and compositions for genomic modification |
| US6377842B1 (en) | 1998-09-22 | 2002-04-23 | Aurora Optics, Inc. | Method for quantitative measurement of fluorescent and phosphorescent drugs within tissue utilizing a fiber optic probe |
| US6253109B1 (en) | 1998-11-05 | 2001-06-26 | Medtronic Inc. | System for optimized brain stimulation |
| US7211054B1 (en) | 1998-11-06 | 2007-05-01 | University Of Rochester | Method of treating a patient with a neurodegenerative disease using ultrasound |
| US6303362B1 (en) | 1998-11-19 | 2001-10-16 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Adenoviral vector and methods for making and using the same |
| US6790657B1 (en) | 1999-01-07 | 2004-09-14 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services | Lentivirus vector system |
| US7507545B2 (en) | 1999-03-31 | 2009-03-24 | Cardiome Pharma Corp. | Ion channel modulating activity method |
| US6224566B1 (en) | 1999-05-04 | 2001-05-01 | Cardiodyne, Inc. | Method and devices for creating a trap for confining therapeutic drugs and/or genes in the myocardium |
| US6161045A (en) | 1999-06-01 | 2000-12-12 | Neuropace, Inc. | Method for determining stimulation parameters for the treatment of epileptic seizures |
| US7655423B2 (en) | 1999-06-14 | 2010-02-02 | Henry Ford Health System | Nitric oxide donors for inducing neurogenesis |
| US6662039B2 (en) | 1999-06-18 | 2003-12-09 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Optical probing of neuronal connections with fluorescent indicators |
| US20040034882A1 (en) | 1999-07-15 | 2004-02-19 | Vale Wylie W. | Corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 deficient mice and uses thereof |
| US7674463B1 (en) | 1999-07-15 | 2010-03-09 | Research Development Foundation | Method of inhibiting angiogenesis by administration of a corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 agonist |
| EP1207788A4 (en) | 1999-07-19 | 2009-12-09 | St Jude Medical Atrial Fibrill | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR THE ABLATION OF TISSUE |
| ES2152900B1 (es) * | 1999-07-23 | 2001-08-16 | Palleja Xavier Estivill | Ratones transgenicos y modelo de sobreexpresion del gen ntrk3 (trkc) basado en los mismos para el estudio y monitorizacion de tratamientos de la ansiedad, depresion y enfermedades psiquiatricas relacionadas. |
| WO2001011612A1 (en) | 1999-08-06 | 2001-02-15 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Tray for conveying magnetic head for magnetic disk |
| GB9923558D0 (en) | 1999-10-05 | 1999-12-08 | Oxford Biomedica Ltd | Producer cell |
| GB9928248D0 (en) | 1999-12-01 | 2000-01-26 | Gill Steven S | An implantable guide tube for neurosurgery |
| EP1247093B1 (en) | 2000-01-14 | 2005-03-23 | MIGENIX Corp. | Screening assays using intramitochondrial calcium |
| US7706882B2 (en) | 2000-01-19 | 2010-04-27 | Medtronic, Inc. | Methods of using high intensity focused ultrasound to form an ablated tissue area |
| US6595934B1 (en) | 2000-01-19 | 2003-07-22 | Medtronic Xomed, Inc. | Methods of skin rejuvenation using high intensity focused ultrasound to form an ablated tissue area containing a plurality of lesions |
| DE60143564D1 (de) | 2000-02-18 | 2011-01-13 | Univ R | Veränderte rekombinasen zur modifizierung des genoms |
| US6473639B1 (en) | 2000-03-02 | 2002-10-29 | Neuropace, Inc. | Neurological event detection procedure using processed display channel based algorithms and devices incorporating these procedures |
| WO2001083729A2 (en) | 2000-05-01 | 2001-11-08 | Novartis Ag | Vectors for ocular transduction and use thereof for genetic therapy |
| US6599281B1 (en) | 2000-05-03 | 2003-07-29 | Aspect Medical Systems, Inc. | System and method for adaptive drug delivery |
| US6551346B2 (en) | 2000-05-17 | 2003-04-22 | Kent Crossley | Method and apparatus to prevent infections |
| US7201898B2 (en) | 2000-06-01 | 2007-04-10 | The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill | Methods and compounds for controlled release of recombinant parvovirus vectors |
| US7067626B2 (en) | 2000-07-05 | 2006-06-27 | Pharmacia & Upjohn Company | Human ion channel proteins |
| US6686193B2 (en) | 2000-07-10 | 2004-02-03 | Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | High throughput method and system for screening candidate compounds for activity against target ion channels |
| WO2002013906A1 (en) | 2000-08-16 | 2002-02-21 | Vanderbilt University | Methods and devices for optical stimulation of neural tissues |
| US6567690B2 (en) | 2000-10-16 | 2003-05-20 | Cole Giller | Method and apparatus for probe localization in brain matter |
| US7350522B2 (en) | 2000-10-17 | 2008-04-01 | Sony Corporation | Scanning method for applying ultrasonic acoustic data to the human neural cortex |
| US6536440B1 (en) | 2000-10-17 | 2003-03-25 | Sony Corporation | Method and system for generating sensory data onto the human neural cortex |
| US6584357B1 (en) | 2000-10-17 | 2003-06-24 | Sony Corporation | Method and system for forming an acoustic signal from neural timing difference data |
| US6631283B2 (en) | 2000-11-15 | 2003-10-07 | Virginia Tech Intellectual Properties, Inc. | B/B-like fragment targeting for the purposes of photodynamic therapy and medical imaging |
| US6506154B1 (en) | 2000-11-28 | 2003-01-14 | Insightec-Txsonics, Ltd. | Systems and methods for controlling a phased array focused ultrasound system |
| SE525540C2 (sv) | 2000-11-30 | 2005-03-08 | Datainnovation I Lund Ab | System och förfarande för automatisk provtagning från ett provobjekt |
| US20070196838A1 (en) | 2000-12-08 | 2007-08-23 | Invitrogen Corporation | Methods and compositions for synthesis of nucleic acid molecules using multiple recognition sites |
| US6489115B2 (en) | 2000-12-21 | 2002-12-03 | The Board Of Regents Of The University Of Nebraska | Genetic assays for trinucleotide repeat mutations in eukaryotic cells |
| US6615080B1 (en) | 2001-03-29 | 2003-09-02 | John Duncan Unsworth | Neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the foot muscles for prevention of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism |
| US7047078B2 (en) | 2001-03-30 | 2006-05-16 | Case Western Reserve University | Methods for stimulating components in, on, or near the pudendal nerve or its branches to achieve selective physiologic responses |
| AU2002303283A1 (en) | 2001-04-04 | 2002-10-21 | Irm Llc | Methods for treating drug addiction |
| US7107996B2 (en) | 2001-04-10 | 2006-09-19 | Ganz Robert A | Apparatus and method for treating atherosclerotic vascular disease through light sterilization |
| US6961045B2 (en) | 2001-06-16 | 2005-11-01 | Che-Chih Tsao | Pattern projection techniques for volumetric 3D displays and 2D displays |
| US6810285B2 (en) | 2001-06-28 | 2004-10-26 | Neuropace, Inc. | Seizure sensing and detection using an implantable device |
| WO2003016486A2 (en) | 2001-08-16 | 2003-02-27 | Sloan Kettering Institute For Cancer Research | Bio-synthetic photostimulators and methods of use |
| ATE360680T1 (de) | 2001-08-23 | 2007-05-15 | Univ California | Universelles, durch licht einschaltbares genpromotorsystem |
| US6974448B2 (en) | 2001-08-30 | 2005-12-13 | Medtronic, Inc. | Method for convection enhanced delivery catheter to treat brain and other tumors |
| US7904176B2 (en) | 2006-09-07 | 2011-03-08 | Bio Control Medical (B.C.M.) Ltd. | Techniques for reducing pain associated with nerve stimulation |
| WO2003020103A2 (en) | 2001-09-04 | 2003-03-13 | Amit Technology Science & Medicine Ltd. | Method of and device for therapeutic illumination of internal organs and tissues |
| EP1496860A1 (en) | 2001-09-28 | 2005-01-19 | Saoirse Corporation | Localized non-invasive biological modulation system |
| US7175596B2 (en) | 2001-10-29 | 2007-02-13 | Insightec-Txsonics Ltd | System and method for sensing and locating disturbances in an energy path of a focused ultrasound system |
| US7303578B2 (en) | 2001-11-01 | 2007-12-04 | Photothera, Inc. | Device and method for providing phototherapy to the brain |
| US8308784B2 (en) | 2006-08-24 | 2012-11-13 | Jackson Streeter | Low level light therapy for enhancement of neurologic function of a patient affected by Parkinson's disease |
| US7790845B2 (en) | 2001-11-08 | 2010-09-07 | Children's Medical Center Corporation | Bacterial ion channel |
| CA2465337A1 (en) * | 2001-11-14 | 2003-05-22 | Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Transgenic animal |
| US20030232430A1 (en) | 2001-11-26 | 2003-12-18 | Advanced Cell Technology | Methods for making and using reprogrammed human somatic cell nuclei and autologous and isogenic human stem cells |
| US20030104512A1 (en) | 2001-11-30 | 2003-06-05 | Freeman Alex R. | Biosensors for single cell and multi cell analysis |
| US6873868B2 (en) | 2001-12-31 | 2005-03-29 | Infraredx, Inc. | Multi-fiber catheter probe arrangement for tissue analysis or treatment |
| US6721603B2 (en) | 2002-01-25 | 2004-04-13 | Cyberonics, Inc. | Nerve stimulation as a treatment for pain |
| US6666857B2 (en) | 2002-01-29 | 2003-12-23 | Robert F. Smith | Integrated wavefront-directed topography-controlled photoablation |
| US20050107753A1 (en) | 2002-02-01 | 2005-05-19 | Ali Rezai | Microinfusion device |
| US7258674B2 (en) | 2002-02-20 | 2007-08-21 | Liposonix, Inc. | Ultrasonic treatment and imaging of adipose tissue |
| JP4363843B2 (ja) | 2002-03-08 | 2009-11-11 | オリンパス株式会社 | カプセル型内視鏡 |
| US20030186249A1 (en) | 2002-04-01 | 2003-10-02 | Zairen Sun | Human TARPP genes and polypeptides |
| US20070135875A1 (en) | 2002-04-08 | 2007-06-14 | Ardian, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for thermally-induced renal neuromodulation |
| DE10216005A1 (de) | 2002-04-11 | 2003-10-30 | Max Planck Gesellschaft | Verwendung von biologischen Photorezeptoren als direkt lichtgesteuerte Ionenkanäle |
| US7283861B2 (en) | 2002-04-30 | 2007-10-16 | Alexander Bystritsky | Methods for modifying electrical currents in neuronal circuits |
| US9592409B2 (en) | 2002-04-30 | 2017-03-14 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Methods for modifying electrical currents in neuronal circuits |
| AU2003224374A1 (en) | 2002-05-13 | 2003-11-11 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Reduction of susceptibility artifacts in subencoded single-shot magnetic resonance imaging |
| US7883846B2 (en) | 2002-05-31 | 2011-02-08 | Sloan-Kettering Institute For Cancer Research | Heterologous stimulus-gated ion channels and methods of using same |
| WO2003101532A2 (en) | 2002-06-04 | 2003-12-11 | Cyberkinetics, Inc. | Optically-connected implants and related systems and methods of use |
| US7292890B2 (en) | 2002-06-20 | 2007-11-06 | Advanced Bionics Corporation | Vagus nerve stimulation via unidirectional propagation of action potentials |
| US20040049134A1 (en) | 2002-07-02 | 2004-03-11 | Tosaya Carol A. | System and methods for treatment of alzheimer's and other deposition-related disorders of the brain |
| WO2004021243A2 (de) | 2002-08-09 | 2004-03-11 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren sowie computerprogramm mit programmcode-mitteln und computerprogramm-produkt zur analyse einer wirksamkeit eines pharmazeutischen präparats |
| US7702395B2 (en) | 2002-08-19 | 2010-04-20 | Arizona Board Of Regents, A Body Corporate, Acting For And On Behalf Of Arizona State University | Neurostimulator |
| EP1560915B1 (en) | 2002-10-10 | 2009-03-04 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Assay methods for state-dependent calcium channel agonists/antagonists |
| US7355033B2 (en) | 2002-11-18 | 2008-04-08 | Health Research, Inc. | Screening for West Nile Virus antiviral therapy |
| KR20050084317A (ko) | 2002-12-16 | 2005-08-26 | 제넨테크, 인크. | 인간 cd20 및(또는) cd16을 발현하는 트랜스제닉마우스 |
| US20040122475A1 (en) | 2002-12-18 | 2004-06-24 | Myrick Andrew J. | Electrochemical neuron systems |
| US20040216177A1 (en) * | 2003-04-25 | 2004-10-28 | Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Congenic rats containing a mutant GPR10 gene |
| US7377900B2 (en) | 2003-06-02 | 2008-05-27 | Insightec - Image Guided Treatment Ltd. | Endo-cavity focused ultrasound transducer |
| US7091500B2 (en) | 2003-06-20 | 2006-08-15 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Multi-photon endoscopic imaging system |
| US8367410B2 (en) | 2003-06-20 | 2013-02-05 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Application of electrical stimulation for functional tissue engineering in vitro and in vivo |
| JP2005034073A (ja) | 2003-07-16 | 2005-02-10 | Masamitsu Iino | ミオシン軽鎖リン酸化の測定用蛍光性プローブ |
| US20050153885A1 (en) | 2003-10-08 | 2005-07-14 | Yun Anthony J. | Treatment of conditions through modulation of the autonomic nervous system |
| US7548775B2 (en) | 2003-10-21 | 2009-06-16 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Intracranial neural interface system |
| US6952097B2 (en) | 2003-10-22 | 2005-10-04 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for slice position planning of tomographic measurements, using statistical images |
| US20080119421A1 (en) | 2003-10-31 | 2008-05-22 | Jack Tuszynski | Process for treating a biological organism |
| US20060034943A1 (en) | 2003-10-31 | 2006-02-16 | Technology Innovations Llc | Process for treating a biological organism |
| EP1701772A4 (en) | 2003-11-21 | 2012-03-28 | Univ Johns Hopkins | BIOMOLECOLE PARTITIONING MOTIVES AND USES THEREOF |
| US20050124897A1 (en) | 2003-12-03 | 2005-06-09 | Scimed Life Systems, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for delivering acoustic energy to body tissue |
| US7783349B2 (en) | 2006-04-10 | 2010-08-24 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | System and method for closed-loop neural stimulation |
| US7662114B2 (en) | 2004-03-02 | 2010-02-16 | Focus Surgery, Inc. | Ultrasound phased arrays |
| US20050215764A1 (en) | 2004-03-24 | 2005-09-29 | Tuszynski Jack A | Biological polymer with differently charged portions |
| ITMI20040598A1 (it) | 2004-03-26 | 2004-06-26 | Carlotta Giorgi | Metodo per la rilevazione di parametri intracellulari con sonde proteiche luminescenti per lo screening di molecole in grado di alterare detti parametri |
| US8512219B2 (en) | 2004-04-19 | 2013-08-20 | The Invention Science Fund I, Llc | Bioelectromagnetic interface system |
| US7313442B2 (en) | 2004-04-30 | 2007-12-25 | Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. | Method of treating mood disorders and/or anxiety disorders by brain stimulation |
| US7670838B2 (en) | 2004-05-24 | 2010-03-02 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Coupling of excitation and neurogenesis in neural stem/progenitor cells |
| BRPI0511396B1 (pt) * | 2004-06-18 | 2021-07-27 | University Of Washington | Uso de 9-cis-retinil éster e uso de um derivado de retinal sintético |
| US20050279354A1 (en) | 2004-06-21 | 2005-12-22 | Harvey Deutsch | Structures and Methods for the Joint Delivery of Fluids and Light |
| US20060057614A1 (en) | 2004-08-04 | 2006-03-16 | Nathaniel Heintz | Tethering neuropeptides and toxins for modulation of ion channels and receptors |
| US7699780B2 (en) | 2004-08-11 | 2010-04-20 | Insightec—Image-Guided Treatment Ltd. | Focused ultrasound system with adaptive anatomical aperture shaping |
| US8409099B2 (en) | 2004-08-26 | 2013-04-02 | Insightec Ltd. | Focused ultrasound system for surrounding a body tissue mass and treatment method |
| US8821559B2 (en) | 2004-08-27 | 2014-09-02 | Codman & Shurtleff, Inc. | Light-based implants for treating Alzheimer's disease |
| US8239029B2 (en) | 2004-10-21 | 2012-08-07 | Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. | Stimulation of the amygdalohippocampal complex to treat neurological conditions |
| US7544171B2 (en) | 2004-10-22 | 2009-06-09 | General Patent Llc | Methods for promoting nerve regeneration and neuronal growth and elongation |
| US7833257B2 (en) | 2004-11-12 | 2010-11-16 | Northwestern University | Apparatus and methods for optical stimulation of the auditory nerve |
| JP2008520280A (ja) | 2004-11-15 | 2008-06-19 | デチャームス,クリストファー | 光を使用した神経組織の刺激の適用 |
| US8109981B2 (en) | 2005-01-25 | 2012-02-07 | Valam Corporation | Optical therapies and devices |
| US7686839B2 (en) | 2005-01-26 | 2010-03-30 | Lumitex, Inc. | Phototherapy treatment devices for applying area lighting to a wound |
| US7553284B2 (en) | 2005-02-02 | 2009-06-30 | Vaitekunas Jeffrey J | Focused ultrasound for pain reduction |
| US9034650B2 (en) | 2005-02-02 | 2015-05-19 | Intrexon Corporation | Site-specific serine recombinases and methods of their use |
| US7548780B2 (en) | 2005-02-22 | 2009-06-16 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Cell therapy and neural stimulation for cardiac repair |
| US7288108B2 (en) | 2005-03-14 | 2007-10-30 | Codman & Shurtleff, Inc. | Red light implant for treating Parkinson's disease |
| CA2602835A1 (en) | 2005-03-31 | 2006-10-05 | Esther Mayer | Probe device, system and method for photobiomodulation of tissue lining a body cavity |
| CN101495121A (zh) * | 2005-04-07 | 2009-07-29 | 海蒂亚姆公司 | 用于治疗物质滥用和物质依赖的方法 |
| JP2006295350A (ja) | 2005-04-07 | 2006-10-26 | Sony Corp | 撮像装置及び撮像結果の処理方法 |
| US9445211B2 (en) | 2005-04-11 | 2016-09-13 | St. Jude Medical, Atrial Fibrillation Division, Inc. | Methods for manufacturing high intensity ultrasound transducers |
| GB0508254D0 (en) * | 2005-04-23 | 2005-06-01 | Smith & Nephew | Ultrasound device |
| US7640057B2 (en) | 2005-04-25 | 2009-12-29 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Methods of providing neural markers for sensed autonomic nervous system activity |
| US8066908B2 (en) | 2005-04-26 | 2011-11-29 | Uvic Industry Partnerships Inc. | Production of light from sol-gel derived thin films made with lanthanide doped nanoparticles, and preparation thereof |
| PL1879623T3 (pl) | 2005-05-02 | 2013-03-29 | Genzyme Corp | Terapia genowa zaburzeń rdzenia kręgowego |
| CN1879906A (zh) | 2005-06-15 | 2006-12-20 | 郑云峰 | 中枢神经系统磁刺激装置及其使用方法 |
| US20070027443A1 (en) | 2005-06-29 | 2007-02-01 | Ondine International, Ltd. | Hand piece for the delivery of light and system employing the hand piece |
| EP1919497B1 (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2020-02-12 | The Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University | Light-activated cation channel and uses thereof |
| US9238150B2 (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2016-01-19 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Optical tissue interface method and apparatus for stimulating cells |
| US10052497B2 (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2018-08-21 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | System for optical stimulation of target cells |
| US8926959B2 (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2015-01-06 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | System for optical stimulation of target cells |
| US9274099B2 (en) | 2005-07-22 | 2016-03-01 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Screening test drugs to identify their effects on cell membrane voltage-gated ion channel |
| US7736382B2 (en) | 2005-09-09 | 2010-06-15 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Apparatus for optical stimulation of nerves and other animal tissue |
| US8852184B2 (en) | 2005-09-15 | 2014-10-07 | Cannuflow, Inc. | Arthroscopic surgical temperature control system |
| US20080077200A1 (en) | 2006-09-21 | 2008-03-27 | Aculight Corporation | Apparatus and method for stimulation of nerves and automated control of surgical instruments |
| GB0524110D0 (en) * | 2005-11-28 | 2006-01-04 | Univ Cambridge Tech | Biomarkers and methods for identification of agents useful in the treatment of affective disorders |
| US8058509B2 (en) | 2005-12-21 | 2011-11-15 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Methods and compositions for in planta production of inverted repeats |
| US7610100B2 (en) | 2005-12-30 | 2009-10-27 | Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation | Methods and systems for treating osteoarthritis |
| US20070191906A1 (en) | 2006-02-13 | 2007-08-16 | Anand Iyer | Method and apparatus for selective nerve stimulation |
| US20070219600A1 (en) | 2006-03-17 | 2007-09-20 | Michael Gertner | Devices and methods for targeted nasal phototherapy |
| US20070282404A1 (en) | 2006-04-10 | 2007-12-06 | University Of Rochester | Side-firing linear optic array for interstitial optical therapy and monitoring using compact helical geometry |
| CN101053564A (zh) * | 2006-04-13 | 2007-10-17 | 中国人民解放军军事医学科学院放射与辐射医学研究所 | 一种用于抗焦虑以及用于镇痛的药物组合物 |
| US20070253995A1 (en) | 2006-04-28 | 2007-11-01 | Medtronic, Inc. | Drug Delivery Methods and Devices for Treating Stress Urinary Incontinence |
| US8057464B2 (en) | 2006-05-03 | 2011-11-15 | Light Sciences Oncology, Inc. | Light transmission system for photoreactive therapy |
| EP2019588A4 (en) | 2006-05-04 | 2010-11-24 | Univ Wayne State | RESTORATION OF VISUAL RESPONSES BY IN VIVO ADMINISTRATION OF NUCLEIC ACIDS OF RHODOPSIN |
| US20080176076A1 (en) | 2006-05-11 | 2008-07-24 | University Of Victoria Innovation And Development Corporation | Functionalized lanthanide rich nanoparticles and use thereof |
| US20080262411A1 (en) | 2006-06-02 | 2008-10-23 | Dobak John D | Dynamic nerve stimulation in combination with other eating disorder treatment modalities |
| JP5250549B2 (ja) | 2006-06-19 | 2013-07-31 | ハイランド インストゥルメンツ, インコーポレイテッド | 生体組織の刺激のための器具および方法 |
| US7795632B2 (en) | 2006-06-26 | 2010-09-14 | Osram Sylvania Inc. | Light emitting diode with direct view optic |
| US20080027505A1 (en) | 2006-07-26 | 2008-01-31 | G&L Consulting, Llc | System and method for treatment of headaches |
| US9284363B2 (en) | 2006-07-26 | 2016-03-15 | Case Western Reserve University | System and method for controlling G-protein coupled receptor pathways |
| SG139588A1 (en) | 2006-07-28 | 2008-02-29 | St Microelectronics Asia | Addressable led architecure |
| US7848797B2 (en) | 2006-08-17 | 2010-12-07 | Neurometrix, Inc. | Motor unit number estimation (MUNE) for the assessment of neuromuscular function |
| US7521590B2 (en) | 2006-09-01 | 2009-04-21 | Korea Institute Of Science And Technology | Phospholipase C β1 (PLCβ1) knockout mice as a model system for testing schizophrenia drugs |
| US10420948B2 (en) | 2006-10-30 | 2019-09-24 | Medtronic, Inc. | Implantable medical device with variable data retransmission characteristics based upon data type |
| US20100021982A1 (en) | 2006-12-06 | 2010-01-28 | Stefan Herlitze | Light-sensitive constructs for inducing cell death and cell signaling |
| EE200600039A (et) | 2006-12-12 | 2008-10-15 | Tartu Ülikool | Transgeenne loommudel patoloogilise ärevuse modelleerimiseks, meetod patoloogilisest ärevusest p?hjustatud haiguste v?i seisundite ravimiseks sobilike ühendite tuvastamiseks ja meetod Wfs1 valgu kasutamiseks sihtmärgina patoloogilise ärevuse vastase |
| WO2008086470A1 (en) | 2007-01-10 | 2008-07-17 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | System for optical stimulation of target cells |
| US7883536B1 (en) | 2007-01-19 | 2011-02-08 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Hybrid optical-electrical probes |
| WO2008101128A1 (en) | 2007-02-14 | 2008-08-21 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | System, method and applications involving identification of biological circuits such as neurological characteristics |
| US8282559B2 (en) | 2007-03-09 | 2012-10-09 | Philip Chidi Njemanze | Method for inducing and monitoring long-term potentiation and long-term depression using transcranial doppler ultrasound device in head-down bed rest |
| US8139339B2 (en) | 2007-03-16 | 2012-03-20 | Old Dominion University Research Foundation | Modulation of neuromuscular functions with ultrashort electrical pulses |
| US20080287821A1 (en) | 2007-03-30 | 2008-11-20 | Searete Llc, A Limited Liability Corporation Of The State Of Delaware | Computational user-health testing |
| EP2142082A4 (en) | 2007-05-01 | 2015-10-28 | Neurofocus Inc | STORAGE SYSTEM FOR NEUROINFORMATIK |
| US20110165681A1 (en) | 2009-02-26 | 2011-07-07 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Light-Activated Proton Pumps and Applications Thereof |
| US8097422B2 (en) | 2007-06-20 | 2012-01-17 | Salk Institute For Biological Studies | Kir channel modulators |
| US9138596B2 (en) | 2007-08-22 | 2015-09-22 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Optical depolarization of cardiac tissue |
| US10035027B2 (en) | 2007-10-31 | 2018-07-31 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Device and method for ultrasonic neuromodulation via stereotactic frame based technique |
| US10434327B2 (en) | 2007-10-31 | 2019-10-08 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Implantable optical stimulators |
| US20090157145A1 (en) | 2007-11-26 | 2009-06-18 | Lawrence Cauller | Transfer Coil Architecture |
| EP2222372A2 (en) | 2007-12-06 | 2010-09-01 | Technion Research & Development Foundation Ltd. | Method and system for optical stimulation of neurons |
| US8883719B2 (en) | 2008-01-16 | 2014-11-11 | University Of Connecticut | Bacteriorhodopsin protein variants and methods of use for long term data storage |
| US20090254134A1 (en) | 2008-02-04 | 2009-10-08 | Medtrode Inc. | Hybrid ultrasound/electrode device for neural stimulation and recording |
| JP5544659B2 (ja) | 2008-03-24 | 2014-07-09 | 国立大学法人東北大学 | 改変された光受容体チャネル型ロドプシンタンパク質 |
| EP2268311A4 (en) | 2008-04-04 | 2014-08-27 | Immunolight Llc | NON-INVASIVE SYSTEMS AND IN SITU PHOTOBIOMODULATION METHODS |
| MY169771A (en) | 2008-04-23 | 2019-05-15 | Univ Leland Stanford Junior | Systems, methods and compositions for optical stimulation of target cells |
| EP2910637A1 (en) | 2008-05-20 | 2015-08-26 | University of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Vectors for delivery of light-sensitive proteins and methods of use |
| WO2009148946A2 (en) | 2008-05-29 | 2009-12-10 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Cell line, system and method for optical control of secondary messengers |
| US8636653B2 (en) | 2008-06-09 | 2014-01-28 | Capso Vision, Inc. | In vivo camera with multiple sources to illuminate tissue at different distances |
| EP2303405A4 (en) | 2008-06-17 | 2017-12-27 | The Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University | Apparatus and methods for controlling cellular development |
| JP2011525130A (ja) | 2008-06-17 | 2011-09-15 | ボード オブ トラスティーズ オブ ザ レランド スタンフォード ジュニア ユニバーシティ | 光伝送素子を用いた標的細胞の光刺激のための方法、システム、および装置 |
| WO2010006049A1 (en) | 2008-07-08 | 2010-01-14 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Materials and approaches for optical stimulation of the peripheral nervous system |
| US9846313B2 (en) | 2008-09-25 | 2017-12-19 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Devices, apparatus and method for providing photostimulation and imaging of structures |
| WO2010061686A1 (ja) | 2008-11-26 | 2010-06-03 | シャープ株式会社 | 液晶表示装置、液晶表示装置の駆動方法、テレビジョン受像機 |
| WO2010111358A2 (en) | 2009-03-24 | 2010-09-30 | Spinal Modulation, Inc. | Pain management with stimulation subthreshold to parasthesia |
| KR101081360B1 (ko) | 2009-03-25 | 2011-11-08 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 어레이형 광 자극 장치 |
| TWI511756B (zh) | 2009-04-21 | 2015-12-11 | 伊穆諾萊特公司 | 用以修飾介導生物活性或與生物活性有關之標靶結構之醫藥組合物或套組 |
| WO2011005978A2 (en) | 2009-07-08 | 2011-01-13 | Duke University | Methods of manipulating cell signaling |
| US20110112463A1 (en) | 2009-11-12 | 2011-05-12 | Jerry Silver | Compositions and methods for treating a neuronal injury or neuronal disorders |
| US20110125078A1 (en) | 2009-11-25 | 2011-05-26 | Medtronic, Inc. | Optical stimulation therapy |
| AU2011220367B2 (en) | 2010-02-26 | 2016-05-12 | Cornell University | Retina prosthesis |
| WO2011116238A2 (en) | 2010-03-17 | 2011-09-22 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University. | Light-sensitive ion-passing molecules |
| WO2011127088A2 (en) | 2010-04-05 | 2011-10-13 | Eos Neuroscience, Inc. | Methods and compositions for decreasing chronic pain |
| US10051240B2 (en) | 2010-06-14 | 2018-08-14 | Howard Hughes Medical Institute | Structured plane illumination microscopy |
| CA2838330C (en) | 2010-08-23 | 2021-01-26 | President And Fellows Of Harvard College | Optogenetic probes for measuring membrane potential |
| PL2614079T3 (pl) | 2010-09-08 | 2016-01-29 | Max Planck Gesellschaft | Zmutowana kanałowa rodopsyna 2 |
| WO2012061741A2 (en) | 2010-11-05 | 2012-05-10 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University. | Control and characterization of psychotic states |
| AU2011323235B2 (en) * | 2010-11-05 | 2015-10-29 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Optogenetic control of reward-related behaviors |
| WO2012061679A2 (en) | 2010-11-05 | 2012-05-10 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Light-activated chimeric opsins and methods of using the same |
| ES2684307T3 (es) | 2010-11-05 | 2018-10-02 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Proteínas estabilizadas de tipo opsina de función escalonada y métodos de uso de las mismas |
| CN106106368A (zh) * | 2010-11-05 | 2016-11-16 | 斯坦福大学托管董事会 | 光控cns功能障碍 |
| CN106422081B (zh) | 2010-11-05 | 2019-06-21 | 斯坦福大学托管董事会 | 用于光遗传学方法的光的上转换 |
| CN106376525A (zh) | 2010-11-05 | 2017-02-08 | 斯坦福大学托管董事会 | 记忆功能的控制和表征 |
| US8957028B2 (en) | 2010-11-13 | 2015-02-17 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Red-shifted opsin molecules and uses thereof |
| US8696722B2 (en) | 2010-11-22 | 2014-04-15 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Optogenetic magnetic resonance imaging |
| WO2012106407A2 (en) | 2011-02-01 | 2012-08-09 | The University Of Vermont And State Agricultural College | Diagnostic and therapeutic methods and products related to anxiety disorders |
| US20120253261A1 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2012-10-04 | Medtronic, Inc. | Systems and methods for optogenetic modulation of cells within a patient |
| CA2839938A1 (en) | 2011-06-28 | 2013-01-03 | University Of Rochester | Photoactivatable receptors and their uses |
| WO2013016389A1 (en) | 2011-07-25 | 2013-01-31 | Neuronexus Technologies, Inc. | Opto-electrical device and method for artifact reduction |
| EP3385992B1 (en) | 2011-07-27 | 2024-09-04 | The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois | Nanopore sensors for biomolecular characterization |
| CA2859364C (en) | 2011-12-16 | 2019-05-07 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Opsin polypeptides and methods of use thereof |
| EP3205374B1 (en) | 2012-02-21 | 2019-03-27 | The Board of Trustees of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Compositions for treating neurogenic disorders of the pelvic floor |
| WO2013126762A1 (en) | 2012-02-23 | 2013-08-29 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary, Department Of Health And Human Services Office Of Technology Transfer, National Institutes Of Health | Multi-focal structured illumination microscopy systems and methods |
| AU2013235517B2 (en) | 2012-03-20 | 2018-11-08 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Non-human animal models of depression and methods of use thereof |
| JP6580487B2 (ja) | 2012-11-21 | 2019-09-25 | サーキット セラピューティクス, インコーポレイテッド | 光遺伝学的治療のためのシステムおよび方法 |
| WO2014117079A1 (en) | 2013-01-25 | 2014-07-31 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Depth of field 3d imaging slm microscope |
| US9636380B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-05-02 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Optogenetic control of inputs to the ventral tegmental area |
| JP6594854B2 (ja) | 2013-03-15 | 2019-10-23 | ザ ボード オブ トラスティーズ オブ ザ レランド スタンフォード ジュニア ユニバーシティー | 行動状態の光遺伝学的制御方法 |
| AU2014260101B2 (en) | 2013-04-29 | 2018-07-26 | Humboldt-Universitat Zu Berlin | Devices, systems and methods for optogenetic modulation of action potentials in target cells |
| US20150112411A1 (en) | 2013-10-18 | 2015-04-23 | Varaya Photoceuticals, Llc | High powered light emitting diode photobiology compositions, methods and systems |
| US20170182191A1 (en) | 2014-07-29 | 2017-06-29 | Circuit Therapeutics, Inc. | System and method for optogenetic therapy |
| KR101898185B1 (ko) | 2014-11-11 | 2018-09-12 | 광동 오포 모바일 텔레커뮤니케이션즈 코포레이션 리미티드 | 전원 어댑터, 단말기 및 충전 시스템 |
-
2011
- 2011-11-04 CN CN201610372616.0A patent/CN106106368A/zh active Pending
- 2011-11-04 JP JP2013537860A patent/JP6155192B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-11-04 CA CA3056186A patent/CA3056186A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-11-04 US US13/882,719 patent/US8932562B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-11-04 EP EP11838864.4A patent/EP2635109A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-11-04 WO PCT/US2011/059298 patent/WO2012061690A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2011-11-04 CA CA2816968A patent/CA2816968C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-11-04 AU AU2011323237A patent/AU2011323237B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2011-11-04 CN CN201180061263.8A patent/CN103384469B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2014
- 2014-11-26 US US14/555,048 patent/US9421258B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2016
- 2016-02-10 AU AU2016200840A patent/AU2016200840B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2016-06-27 US US15/194,379 patent/US9968652B2/en active Active
-
2017
- 2017-03-17 JP JP2017052250A patent/JP6462748B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2018
- 2018-04-19 US US15/957,608 patent/US20180333456A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008106694A2 (en) * | 2007-03-01 | 2008-09-04 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Systems, methods and compositions for optical stimulation of target cells |
| US20090093403A1 (en) * | 2007-03-01 | 2009-04-09 | Feng Zhang | Systems, methods and compositions for optical stimulation of target cells |
| WO2010056970A2 (en) * | 2008-11-14 | 2010-05-20 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Optically-based stimulation of target cells and modifications thereto |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| ARENKIEL BR., ET AL.: "In vivo light-induced activation of neural circuitry in transgenic mice expressing channelrhodopsin-", NEURON, vol. 54(2), JPN6015049273, 19 April 2007 (2007-04-19), pages 205 - 18, ISSN: 0003750493 * |
| JOHANSEN JP. ET AL.: "Optical activation of lateral amygdala pyramidal cells instructs associative fear learning.", PROC NATL ACAD SCI U S A., vol. 107(28), JPN6015049267, 13 July 2010 (2010-07-13), pages 12692 - 7, ISSN: 0003750492 * |
| 矢島孝 他: "ネコへん桃体,視床下部刺激によるじん交感神経発射ならびに消化管粘膜血流量,胃運動変化に対するBromazepam", 日本薬理学雑誌, vol. 83, no. 3, JPN6015049269, March 1984 (1984-03-01), pages 237 - 248, ISSN: 0003750494 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US9421258B2 (en) | 2016-08-23 |
| CN103384469A (zh) | 2013-11-06 |
| EP2635109A2 (en) | 2013-09-11 |
| US20160303192A1 (en) | 2016-10-20 |
| US20180333456A1 (en) | 2018-11-22 |
| WO2012061690A3 (en) | 2012-06-28 |
| AU2011323237A1 (en) | 2013-05-09 |
| US20130295015A1 (en) | 2013-11-07 |
| JP6155192B2 (ja) | 2017-06-28 |
| AU2011323237B2 (en) | 2015-11-12 |
| AU2016200840B2 (en) | 2017-11-16 |
| CA2816968C (en) | 2019-11-26 |
| CN103384469B (zh) | 2016-06-15 |
| CN106106368A (zh) | 2016-11-16 |
| WO2012061690A2 (en) | 2012-05-10 |
| CA3056186A1 (en) | 2012-05-10 |
| AU2016200840A1 (en) | 2016-02-25 |
| JP6462748B2 (ja) | 2019-01-30 |
| US20150174244A1 (en) | 2015-06-25 |
| US8932562B2 (en) | 2015-01-13 |
| US9968652B2 (en) | 2018-05-15 |
| EP2635109A4 (en) | 2014-03-19 |
| CA2816968A1 (en) | 2012-05-10 |
| JP2013544090A (ja) | 2013-12-12 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP6462748B2 (ja) | 光により制御される中枢神経系(cns)機能不全 | |
| AU2017200881B2 (en) | Control and characterization of memory function | |
| AU2014227600B2 (en) | Optogenetic control of behavioral state | |
| Yin et al. | A central amygdala–ventrolateral periaqueductal gray matter pathway for pain in a mouse model of depression-like behavior | |
| Howorth et al. | Retrograde adenoviral vector targeting of nociresponsive pontospinal noradrenergic neurons in the rat in vivo | |
| KR20220145381A (ko) | 발작-유사 후방전의 성공적인 생성 및 저해의 예측 및 fmri를 사용한 이러한 발작 네트워크의 맵핑 | |
| US20240238370A1 (en) | Methods and compositions for modulating appetite and intake of sodium | |
| Gálvez-Márquez et al. | Photostimulation of locus coeruleus CA1 catecholaminergic terminals reversed Spatial memory impairment in an alzheimer’s disease mouse model | |
| D'Ambra | Examination of Novel Circuits Linking the Cerebellum and Nucleus Accumbens | |
| Sun et al. | Dynorphin modulates motivation through a pallido-amygdala cholinergic circuit | |
| Havelin | Exploring Different Peripheral Nociceptive Input Underlying Ongoing and Movement Evoked Cancer-Induced Bone Pain | |
| Perez | Expression Of Glycine Transporter 1 In The Rodent Basal Ganglia: Glial Vs. Neuronal | |
| Lin | Cell Type-Specific FGF13 Regulation of Neuronal Function | |
| Huang | Investigating Brainstem Mechanisms Underlying Prepulse Inhibition Of Startle Impaired In Schizophrenia | |
| Kim | Optogenetic Dissection of Amygdala and Extended Amygdala Circuits in the Anxious State | |
| Mays | An Experimental Toolkit for Analysis of Single Monoaminergic Axons in the Mouse Brain | |
| Wick | Long-Range Inhibition in the Healthy and Epileptic Hippocampus | |
| Kreple | Examining the role of ASIC1A in mouse models of addiction and CO2-evoked panic-like behaviors | |
| Piantadosi | Translational examination of the orbitofrontal cortex and striatum in obsessive compulsive disorder | |
| Christenson Wick | Long-range inhibition in the healthy and epileptic hippocampus | |
| Carstens | Perineuronal Nets in Hippocampal Area CA2: Regulation by Activity and Disease | |
| Fiber | Supplementary Figure 1, Tye et al. a b c | |
| Poyraz | The role of basal ganglia circuitry in motivation |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20170829 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20180302 |
|
| A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20180601 |
|
| A601 | Written request for extension of time |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601 Effective date: 20180731 |
|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20180830 |
|
| TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
| A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20181207 |
|
| A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20181227 |
|
| R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 6462748 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |
|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |