JP2021521296A - 官能性フルオロポリマー - Google Patents
官能性フルオロポリマー Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
R1、R2及びR3は水素又はハロゲン(F、Cl、Br、I)であり、少なくとも1つはハロゲンであり;
R4は水素、C1〜C16直鎖状、分岐鎖状、アリール若しくは環状アルキル基、C1〜C16フッ素化直鎖状、分岐鎖状、アリール若しくは環状アルキル基、ヘキサフルオロプロピレンオキシドのフッ素化オリゴマー又はアルカリ金属(リチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム、ルビジウム、セシウム)、アンモニウム、アルキルアンモニウム若しくはアルキルアリールアンモニウムイオンである。
a)少なくとも1種の開始剤、安定剤、少なくとも1種のフルオロモノマー及び前記のハロゲン化モノマー(1)を含む水性エマルションを形成させ;
b)前記少なくとも1種のフルオロモノマーと前記ハロゲン化モノマー(1)との共重合を撹拌しながら熱及び超大気圧下で開始させる:
ことを含む前記方法をも意図する。
R1、R2及びR3は水素又はハロゲン(F、Cl、Br、I)であり、少なくとも1つはハロゲンであり;
R4は水素、C1〜C16直鎖状、分岐鎖状、アリール若しくは環状アルキル基、C1〜C16フッ素化直鎖状、分岐鎖状、アリール若しくは環状アルキル基、ヘキサフルオロプロピレンオキシドのフッ素化オリゴマー、アルカリ金属(リチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム、ルビジウム、セシウム)、アンモニウム、アルキルアンモニウム又はアルキルアリールアンモニウムイオンである。
a)少なくとも1種の開始剤、安定剤、少なくとも1種のフッ素化ビニル系モノマー及び前記のハロゲン化モノマー(1)を含む水性エマルションを形成させ、
b)前記少なくとも1種のフッ素化ビニル系モノマーと前記ハロゲン化モノマー(1)との共重合を撹拌しながら熱及び超大気圧下で開始させる
ことを含む。
モノマー(1)の構造は、上に詳しく記載した。
重合に用いる界面活性剤は、PVDF乳化重合において有用であることが当技術分野において周知の任意の界面活性剤であることができ、ペルフッ素化界面活性剤、部分フッ素化界面活性剤及び非フッ素化界面活性剤が含まれる。好ましい実施形態において、本開示のPVDFエマルションは、フルオロ界面活性剤を含まないものであることができ、重合のいずれの部分においてもフルオロ界面活性剤は何ら用いられない。PVDF重合において有用な非フッ素化界面活性剤は、イオン性及び非イオン性の両方であることができ、限定されるわけではないが、3−アリルオキシ−2−ヒドロキシ−1−プロパンスルホン酸塩、ポリビニルホスホン酸、ポリアクリル酸、ポリビニルスルホン酸及びそれらの塩、ポリエチレングリコール及び/又はポリプロピレングリコール並びにそれらのブロックコポリマー、アルキルホスホネート並びにシロキサン系界面活性剤が含まれる。
用語「開始剤」並びに「ラジカル開始剤」及び「フリーラジカル開始剤」という表現は、自発的に又は熱若しくは光への曝露によって誘導されるフリーラジカル源を提供することができる化学物質を指す。好適な開始剤の例には、ペルオキシド、ペルオキシジカーボネート及びアゾ化合物がある。「開始剤」にはまた、フリーラジカル源を提供するのに有用なレドックス系も含まれる。用語「ラジカル」及び「フリーラジカル」という表現は、不対電子を少なくとも1個含有する化学種を指す。
連鎖移動剤は、生成物の分子量を調節するために重合に加えられる。これらは、反応の初めに単一の場所で重合に加えることもでき、反応の間を通じて漸進的に又は連続的に重合に加えてもよい。連鎖移動剤の添加量及び添加方法は、用いる連鎖移動剤の活性及びポリマー生成物に望まれる分子量に依存する。重合反応に加えられる連鎖移動剤の量は、反応混合物に加えられるモノマーの総重量を基準として、好ましくは約0.05〜約5重量%、より一層好ましくは約0.1〜約2重量%である。
重合反応混合物には、重合反応の間を通じて調節されたpHを維持するために、緩衝剤を随意に含有させることができる。生成物中における望ましくない発色を最小限に抑えるためには、pHを好ましくは約4〜約8の範囲内に調節する。
パラフィンワックス又は炭化水素オイルは、反応に加えられると、防汚剤としての働きをして、反応器の部品にポリマーが付着するのを最小限に抑え又は防止する。任意の長鎖飽和炭化水素ワックス又はオイルがこの働きをすることができる。反応器に加えられるオイル又はワックスの量は、反応器の部品上にポリマー付着物が形成するのを最小限に抑える働きをする量である。この量は一般的に反応器の内部表面積に比例し、反応器内部表面積1cm2当たり約1〜約40mgで変えることができる。パラフィンワックス又は炭化水素オイルの量は、反応器表面積1cm2当たり約5mgであるのが好ましい。
重合のために採用される温度は、選択した開始剤系に依存して、例えば20〜130℃で変えることができる。この重合温度は、好ましくは35〜130℃、特に好ましくは70〜125℃である。
共重合の生成物はラテックスであり、これは、通常は重合プロセスからの固体状副生成物を濾過した後に、その形で用いることができ、又は凝固させて固形分を単離させ、これを次いで洗浄して乾燥させることもできる。ラテックスの形での使用のためには、界面活性剤を加えることによってラテックスを安定化させることができ、この界面活性剤は、(用いた場合の)重合の際に存在させる界面活性剤と同一であっても異なっていてもよい。この後から加えられる界面活性剤は、例えばイオン性又は非イオン性界面活性剤であることができる。本発明の1つの実施形態において、ラテックス中にフルオロ界面活性剤は何ら加えられない。固体状生成物については、ラテックスを機械的に又は塩若しくは酸を加えることによって凝固させ、次いで濾過等のよく知られた手段によって単離することができる。ひとたび単離したら、固体状生成物を洗浄又は他の技術によって精製することができ、粉体として用いるために乾燥させることができ、これをさらに加工して顆粒やペレットにすることもできる。
Claims (23)
- モノマー(1)を10.0重量%まで含む、請求項1に記載のコポリマー。
- 前記フッ素化ビニル系モノマーがフッ化ビニリデンである、請求項1に記載のコポリマー。
- R1がフッ素である、請求項3に記載のコポリマー。
- R4がC1〜C16直鎖状、分岐鎖状又は環状アルキル基である、請求項4に記載のコポリマー。
- R1及びR2がフッ素であり且つR4がC1〜C16直鎖状、分岐鎖状又は環状アルキル基である、請求項3に記載のコポリマー。
- R1、R2及びR3がフッ素であり且つR4がC1〜C16直鎖状、分岐鎖状又は環状アルキル基である、請求項3に記載のコポリマー。
- R4が水素又はアルカリ金属、アンモニウム若しくはアルキルアンモニウムである、請求項4に記載のコポリマー。
- R1及びR2がフッ素であり且つR4が水素又はアルカリ金属、アンモニウム若しくはアルキルアンモニウムである、請求項3に記載のコポリマー。
- R1、R2及びR3がフッ素であり且つR4が水素又はアルカリ金属、アンモニウム若しくはアルキルアンモニウムである、請求項3に記載のコポリマー。
- 請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載のフッ素化コポリマーを溶剤中に含む配合物。
- 前記溶剤がN−メチルピロリドン(NMP)、ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)、N,N−ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)、トリエチルホスファイト(TEP)、アセトン、テトラヒドロフラン、メチルエチルケトン(MEK)、メチルイソブチルケトン(MiBK)、酢酸エチル(EA)、酢酸ブチル(BA)、エチレンカーボネート(EC)、プロピレンカーボネート(PC)、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)、ジエチルカーボネート(DEC)及びエチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)から選択される、請求項11に記載の配合物。
- 導電性炭素添加剤及びカソード活性物質粒子をさらに含み、リチウムイオンバッテリーカソード配合物用の活性物質が限定されるわけではないがリン酸鉄リチウム(LFP)、リチウムニッケルマンガンコバルト酸化物(NMC)、リチウム−マンガン−コバルトー酸化物(LCO)、リチウム−ニッケル−コバルト−アルミニウムオキシド(NCA)、リチウム−マンガンオキシド(LMO)、リチウム−ニッケル−マンガン−オキシド(LNMO)及びリン酸マンガン鉄リチウム(LMFP)より成る群から選択することができる、請求項11又は12に記載の配合物。
- 導電性炭素添加剤及びアノード活性物質粒子をさらに含み、前記アノード活性物質粒子が好ましくはグラファイト、ハードカーボン、ソフトカーボン、グラフェン、ケイ素、一酸化ケイ素(SiO)、スズ及びチタン酸リチウム(LTO)より成る群から選択される、請求項11に記載の配合物。
- 水性反応媒体中で請求項1に記載のフッ素化コポリマーを製造するための方法であって、
a)少なくとも1種の開始剤、安定剤、少なくとも1種のフッ素化ビニルモノマー及びハロゲン化モノマー(1)を含む水性エマルションを形成させ;
b)前記少なくとも1種のフッ素化ビニル系モノマーと前記ハロゲン化モノマー(1)との共重合を撹拌しながら熱及び超大気圧下で開始させる:
ことを含む、前記方法。 - 前記水性媒体が追加的に少なくとも1種の緩衝剤を含む、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 重合を約35〜約130℃の温度で実施する、請求項15又は16に記載の方法。
- 重合を約2750〜約6900kPaの重合圧力において実施する、請求項15〜17のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 前記開始剤が過硫酸塩又は有機ペルオキシドである、請求項15〜18のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 請求項11〜13のいずれかに記載の配合物を含む物品であって、バッテリー電極フィルム、特にリチウムイオンバッテリー用の正極である、前記物品。
- 請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載のフッ素化コポリマーを含むバッテリー。
- 請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載のフッ素化コポリマーを水中のラテックスとして又は溶剤溶液として適用された被覆基材。
- 水中のラテックスとして又は溶剤溶液として適用された請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載のコポリマーを含む多孔質膜。
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| WO2021247285A1 (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2021-12-09 | Arkema Inc. | Method of making battery electrodes with improved characteristics |
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