JP2988839B2 - Mushroom artificial cultivation method and mushroom artificial cultivation device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for cultivating mushrooms.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a culture medium (bacterial bed) inoculated with an inoculum is housed in a container, placed on a cultivation shelf in a cultivation room, and controlled under cultivation conditions (temperature, humidity,
Under light irradiation conditions), artificial cultivation of mushrooms for culturing, germinating and growing is performed.

However, when cultivating mushrooms artificially, it is desirable that the yield per unit medium is large, the power consumption required for cultivation is small, and that the mushrooms are as delicious as natural mushrooms. It is.

[0004]

However, in the conventionally known artificial cultivation method, there is room for improvement in the increase of the yield and the reduction of power consumption, and the mushroom artificially cultivated under the conventionally known cultivation conditions. Is inferior in taste to natural mushrooms.

The present invention has been made based on the above circumstances. A first object of the present invention is to provide a method for artificially cultivating mushrooms having a large yield per unit medium. A second object of the present invention is to provide a method for artificially cultivating mushrooms that requires low power consumption for controlling cultivation conditions. A third object of the present invention is to provide a method for artificially cultivating mushrooms that can harvest mushrooms that are as delicious as natural mushrooms. A fourth object of the present invention is to provide an artificial mushroom cultivation apparatus suitable for achieving the above objects.

[0006]

In order to harvest a large amount of high-quality (delicious) mushrooms, it is important to bring the cultivation conditions in the cultivation room closer to the natural growth environment. Therefore,
The present inventors pay attention to light irradiation conditions in the natural growth environment of mushrooms, and reproduce light irradiation conditions close to the irradiation state of sunlight (natural light) between trees, which are favorable environments for mushroom growth, in the cultivation room. As a result, it has been found that a large amount of high-quality mushrooms can be harvested, and the present invention has been completed based on such findings.

That is, the artificial mushroom cultivation method of the present invention intermittently irradiates the medium inoculated with the inoculum with light having a wavelength of mainly 300 nm to 500 nm from a xenon flash lamp so that the fruiting body is obtained. It is characterized by growing.

[0008] The method for artificially cultivating mushrooms according to the present invention comprises:
The seedling grows by intermittently irradiating the medium inoculated with the inoculum with light having a wavelength of mainly 300 nm to 500 nm from a xenon flash lamp and continuously irradiating light from a fluorescent lamp. It is characterized by the following.

[0009] In the artificial mushroom cultivation method of the present invention, it is preferable to intermittently irradiate light from a xenon flash lamp in an atmosphere having a relative humidity of 95% or more.

[0010] The artificial mushroom cultivation apparatus of the present invention comprises a cultivation room, a cultivation shelf arranged in the cultivation room, on which a container for accommodating a culture medium is placed, and a culture medium inoculated with a seed fungus. And a xenon flash lamp provided on the ceiling of the cultivation room, for intermittently irradiating light toward the medium inoculated with the inoculum. Features.

[0011]

[Action]

(1) The natural fruiting bodies germinated between the trees in the forest area are intermittently irradiated with sunlight (leaving sun) leaking from between the leaves and leaves swaying by the wind. Thus, the light from the xenon flash lamp has an emission spectrum distribution close to that of sunlight, and particularly has a high intensity of 300 to 500 nm wavelength light useful for germination and growth of fruiting bodies. In addition, since the light from the xenon flash lamp is intermittently applied to the medium (mushroom growth surface) inoculated with the inoculum, the fruiting bodies germinated from the medium are naturally exposed to intermittent sunlight. Will grow under almost the same light irradiation conditions as the fruiting body of the cultivar. Therefore, according to the artificial cultivation method of the present invention, a large amount of high quality mushrooms equivalent to natural mushrooms can be harvested, as is clear from the results of the experimental examples described later. In addition, since the light of high brightness is intermittently irradiated, the temperature in the cultivation room is prevented from becoming excessive, and the power consumption required to suppress the temperature increase in the room is also reduced.

(2) Natural fruit bodies germinated between trees in a forest area are continuously irradiated with diffusely reflected light from the leaves of the trees and the like. Thus, the medium inoculated with the inoculum is intermittently illuminated with light from a xenon flash lamp and continuously illuminated with light from a fluorescent lamp. Because the brightness is ensured, fruiting bodies germinated from the culture medium,
It will grow under light irradiation conditions closer to the natural growth environment.

(3) In an atmosphere of high humidity at a relative humidity of 95% or more, a large amount of light in the near-infrared region (850 nm to 2500 nm) of the light from the xenon flash lamp exists (fills) in the atmosphere. Absorbed by water molecules. Therefore, the spectrum of the light applied to the culture medium is very similar to the emission spectrum of sunlight, and the light in the near-infrared region that does not contribute to the growth of the fruiting body is absorbed, so that the yield of mushrooms can be improved. Can be increased. Also, of the light from the xenon flash lamp, mainly 300 nm to 50 nm which can contribute to the growth of fruiting bodies.
Light having a wavelength of 0 nm is irregularly reflected by water molecules filling the atmosphere, and is applied to the culture medium as irregularly reflected light. As described above, by intermittently irradiating the light from the xenon flash lamp under a high humidity atmosphere, the wet state in the natural growth environment can be realized in the cultivation room and exists around the natural fruit body. Light similar to diffusely reflected light from leaves, water vapor, and the like is applied to the culture medium.

[0014]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. <Artificial Cultivation Apparatus> FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of an artificial mushroom cultivation apparatus of the present invention. The artificial cultivation apparatus includes a cultivation room 10, a plurality of cultivation shelves 20 arranged in the room of the cultivation room 10, fluorescent lamps 30 arranged at both ends of each of the cultivation shelves 20, and a ceiling of the cultivation room 10. And a flash light emitting device 40 provided in the section.

The cultivation room 10 is defined by a heat insulating wall material.
It is controlled by an air conditioning mechanism (not shown).

The plurality of cultivation shelves 20 are formed of a net-like plate that easily transmits light, and are supported by columns 21. Each of the cultivation shelves 20 is provided with a plurality of plastic storage containers P for storing a medium (bacterial bed) inoculated with a seed fungus.

The fluorescent lamps 30 arranged at both ends of the cultivation shelf 20 are lamps for continuously irradiating light toward the mushroom growing surface in the container P. This fluorescent lamp 30
Are 300 nm to 50 useful for germination and growth of fruiting bodies
Efficiently emits 0 nm wavelength light (from near-ultraviolet to purple / blue).

A flash light emitting device 40 provided on the ceiling of the cultivation room 10 is a xenon flash for intermittently irradiating light having a wavelength of 300 nm to 500 nm mainly to a growth surface of a bacterial bed in the container P. It has a lamp.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view schematically showing the structure of the flash light emitting device 40. As shown in the figure, the flash light emitting device 40 includes a light source unit 41 and a control / power supply unit 42.
And a high voltage cable 43 for connecting them.

The light source section 41 includes a xenon flash lamp 41A and a gutter-shaped reflecting mirror member 41 for reflecting light from the xenon flash lamp 41A toward a growth surface.
B and the moisture-proof glass 41C that covers the lower opening of the reflection mirror member 41B, and is installed in the cultivation room 10 (high humidity environment). In addition, the control / power supply unit 42
0 (low humidity environment).

<Artificial Cultivation Method> The artificial cultivation method of the present invention is implemented by the artificial cultivation apparatus having the above-described configuration.
Here, the artificial cultivation method is divided into a culture process (period), a germination process (period), and a growth process (period). The artificial cultivation method according to the present embodiment is characterized by light irradiation conditions during the growth process. The preferred room temperature of the cultivation room 10 controlled by the air conditioning mechanism is as follows. (A) Culture period: temperature 20 ° C to 25 ° C (b) Germination period: temperature 10 ° C to 20 ° C (c) Growth period: temperature 10 ° C to 20 ° C

The artificial cultivation method of the present embodiment uses a xenon flash lamp 4
It is characterized in that the fruit body grows by intermittently irradiating light having a wavelength of 300 nm to 500 nm from 1A and continuously irradiating light from the fluorescent lamp 30.

Here, "intermittently irradiating" means that the lighting cycle is from once / 3 seconds to once / 7 seconds, and in particular, the lighting is performed in a cycle of about once / 5 seconds. Preferably.

The illuminance on the mushroom growth surface due to light irradiation from the xenon flash lamp 41A is typically 1000
Lux or more. The light irradiation time of the xenon flash lamp 41A varies depending on the kind of mushroom, but for example, the irradiation time per day is 8 hours to 24 hours, 5 days to 10 days, and particularly about 7 days. Preferably, there is.

The light from the xenon flash lamp 41A has an emission color temperature of, for example, 6000 K, has an emission spectrum distribution close to that of sunlight, and particularly has a wavelength of 300 nm to 500 nm useful for germination and growth of fruiting bodies. With high strength.

Moreover, the xenon flash lamp 41A
Is intermittently applied to the mushroom growth surface in the container P, so that the light irradiation conditions are very similar to the natural growth environment, and the fruiting bodies germinated in the container P are: It grows under light irradiation conditions that are almost the same as natural fruiting bodies that receive intermittent sunlight.

The emission spectrum from the xenon flash lamp 41A has a peak in the near infrared region (850 nm to 2500 nm) that is not useful for the growth of fruiting bodies. For this reason, by setting the relative humidity in the room of the cultivation room 10 to 95% or more, it is preferable to absorb light in the near-infrared region by the water molecules filling the atmosphere, which is useful for the growth of fruiting bodies. 300nm-5
The light having the wavelength of 00 nm is more efficiently irradiated.

On the other hand, the light continuously emitted from the fluorescent lamp 30 acts as base light for making the mushroom growth surface a constant brightness. As a result, brightness equivalent to that between trees in the daytime is secured, and fruiting bodies germinated in the container P are grown under irradiation conditions closer to the natural growth environment, and the mushrooms to be harvested are It will be even more delicious.

According to the artificial cultivation method of the present embodiment, the following special effects, which cannot be achieved by the conventionally known artificial cultivation method, are exhibited.

(1) A large amount of "feeling mushrooms" can be harvested. Since the fruiting body is grown under light irradiation conditions that are very close to the natural growth environment, the ability of the hypha to absorb water can be improved, and the water can be completely assimilated into mushroom cells. The mushrooms that are made have a significantly better texture.

(2) A large amount of "delicious mushrooms" can be harvested. Since the fruiting body is grown under light irradiation conditions very close to the natural growth environment, the content of amino acids in the fruiting body becomes high, and the mushrooms to be harvested have a flavor and taste comparable to natural mushrooms. Will have.

(3) A large amount of "mushrooms whose freshness is maintained for a long period of time" can be harvested. In the mushrooms harvested by the artificial cultivation method of the present embodiment, the period from harvesting to the generation of aerial mycelia is longer by about 4 days to 1 week than the mushrooms by the conventionally known artificial cultivation method. Therefore, the mushroom according to the present embodiment can maintain freshness for a long period of time and has excellent quality from the viewpoint of preservation after harvesting.

(4) A large amount of "bitterless mushrooms" can be harvested. In the case of implementing a conventionally known artificial cultivation method, when the number of strains accommodated in the cultivation room is excessive, the mushroom to be harvested in an oxygen-deficient state in the cultivation room becomes bitter, but this embodiment Even if the same number of strains is accommodated in the artificial cultivation method of the above, the harvested mushrooms do not remain bitter. Therefore, cultivation management is easy, and the yield of mushrooms is high.

(5) Since the light from the xenon flash lamp is irradiated intermittently, the power consumption required for light irradiation can be reduced. Further, since the number of fluorescent lamps can be reduced as compared with the conventionally known artificial cultivation method, the amount of heat emitted by the fluorescent lamps is reduced. Therefore, the temperature in the cultivation room is prevented from becoming excessively high, and the power consumption (power consumption for cooling) required to suppress the temperature rise in the room can be reduced, which is economically advantageous.

<Experimental Example> Using an artificial cultivation apparatus as shown in FIG. 1, a cultivation experiment was conducted in which fruiting bodies were grown under different light irradiation conditions.

Here, the xenon flash lamp 41A
The tube diameter is 8.3 mm, the distance between the electrodes is 300 mm, the applied voltage between the electrodes is 2000 V, and the peak current between the electrodes is 1000.
A. A lamp with an output energy of 260 J / pulse was used.

As the bacterial bed, corn cog, rice bran, and okara were charged as nutrient components of a culture medium in a container P made of a sterilized plastic bottle, and inoculated with Bunashimeji as an inoculum.

Each process (culture period, germination period, growth period)
The temperature conditions, humidity conditions and light irradiation conditions in were set as follows. (B) Culture period (80 days) Temperature 23 ° C, relative humidity 70% to 75%, irradiate only slight leakage light from outside (b) Germination period (14 days) Temperature 16 ° C, relative humidity 95%, outdoor (C) Growth period (7 days) Temperature 15 ° C, relative humidity 95%, intermittent light irradiation by xenon flash lamp 41A or continuous light irradiation by fluorescent lamp 30

(Experimental Example 1) The fruiting bodies were grown by intermittently irradiating the light from a xenon flash lamp (8 hours / day × 7 days), and Bunashimeji was harvested. Bunashimeji harvested under these light irradiation conditions is called "Mushroom 1A"
And On the other hand, the light from the fluorescent lamp is continuously irradiated (8
(Time / day × 7 days) to grow the fruiting body and harvest Bunashimeji. Bunashimeji harvested under these light irradiation conditions is referred to as "mushroom 1B". Mushroom 1A above
The yield of each mushroom 1B was measured for each of the mushrooms 1B. Assuming that the yield of mushroom 1B (for comparison) was 100%, the yield of mushroom 1A was 150%.
Met.

(Experimental Example 2) The fruiting bodies were grown by intermittently irradiating light from a xenon flash lamp (24 hours / day × 7 days), and Bunashimeji was harvested. Bunashimeji harvested under these light irradiation conditions is referred to as "Mushroom 2".
A ". For the above-mentioned mushroom 2A, when the yield per container was measured, assuming that the yield of mushroom 1A was 100%, the yield of mushroom 2A was 105% or more.
It was 106%.

When the mushrooms harvested as described above were tasted, mushrooms 1A and 2A grown by intermittently irradiating light from a xenon flash lamp were used.
Had a pleasant texture, aroma and taste comparable to those of natural beech, and no bitterness was observed. On the other hand, mushroom 1B grown by continuously irradiating light from the fluorescent lamp had a weak aroma, a poor taste, and a bitter taste.

From the above results, by intermittently irradiating the light from the xenon flash lamp during the growth process of the fruiting body, not only the yield can be increased, but also the harvested mushrooms are comparable to natural mushrooms. It will be understood that it will be of high quality.

[0043]

According to the artificial cultivation method of the present invention, since the light irradiation conditions during the growth process are very close to the natural growth environment, it is possible to harvest a large amount of high quality mushrooms equivalent to natural mushrooms. it can. Further, power consumption required for controlling cultivation conditions can be reduced. According to the artificial cultivation apparatus of the present invention, the above-described artificial cultivation method can be reliably performed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of an artificial mushroom cultivation apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view schematically showing a configuration of a flash light emitting device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Cultivation room 20 Cultivation shelf 30 Fluorescent lamp 40 Flash light emitting device 41 Light source part 41A Xenon flash lamp 41B Reflection mirror member 41C Moisture-proof glass 42 Control / power supply part P Container

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Iwao Harayama 79, Oji Omachi, Nagano City, Nagano Prefecture Inside of Apple Giken (56) References JP-A-63-84425 (JP, A) (58) Fields investigated (Int.Cl) . ⁶ , DB name) A01G 1/04 A01G 7/00

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. The method according to claim 1, wherein the medium inoculated with the inoculum is mainly 300 nm to 500 nm from a xenon flash lamp.
A method for artificially cultivating mushrooms, comprising growing fruit bodies by intermittently irradiating light having a wavelength of. 2. The medium inoculated with the inoculum is mainly 300 nm to 500 nm from a xenon flash lamp.
A method for artificially cultivating mushrooms, comprising intermittently irradiating light having a wavelength of, and continuously irradiating light from a fluorescent lamp to grow fruit bodies. 3. The method for artificially cultivating mushrooms according to claim 1, wherein light from a xenon flash lamp is intermittently irradiated in an atmosphere having a relative humidity of 95% or more. 4. A cultivation room, a cultivation shelf disposed in the cultivation room, on which a medium container is placed, and a fluorescent lamp for continuously irradiating light to the medium inoculated with the inoculum. An artificial mushroom cultivation device, comprising: a xenon flash lamp provided on a ceiling portion of the cultivation room, for irradiating light intermittently to a medium inoculated with a seed fungus.