JP4879754B2 - 移植された非活性導電体を介して、身体組織に電流を搬送する方法 - Google Patents
移植された非活性導電体を介して、身体組織に電流を搬送する方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
ここで、特許請求の範囲において使用する如く、以下に示される用語および文は、以下のように定義される。即ち、「身体組織」とは、神経組織(末梢または中枢神経系における)、神経、筋肉(骨格、呼吸系、または心臓の筋肉)または器官、例えば脳、蝸牛、視神経、心臓、膀胱、尿道、腎臓および骨を表すものとする。「電流」とは、抵抗性、容量性または誘導性電流を意味するものとする。「対象」とは、ヒトを含む動物を意味する。
該対象は、ヒトを含む動物であり得る。該身体組織は、神経組織(末梢または中枢神経系における)、神経、筋肉(骨格、呼吸系、または心臓の筋肉)または器官、例えば脳、蝸牛、視神経、心臓、膀胱、尿道、腎臓および骨であり得る。本発明は、これら身体組織の何れかを刺激する必要のある、様々な状態を治療するために応用できる。このような状態は、運動障害(例えば、パーキンソン病、ふるえ、脳性麻痺)、筋肉障害(例えば、筋ジストロフィー)、失禁(例えば、膀胱障害)、尿貯留、痛み(例えば、偏頭痛、首および背中の痛み、その他の医学的状態に起因する痛み)、癲癇(例えば、全身性および局部的発作障害)、大脳血管障害(例えば、卒中、動脈瘤)、睡眠障害(例えば、無呼吸睡眠)、自律神経失調症(例えば、胃腸障害、心臓血管障害)、視覚、聴覚または平衡感覚障害、および神経精神性疾患(例えば、うつ病)を包含する。本発明は、また骨の成長(例えば、骨折の治療において必要とされる)、創傷の治癒、あるいは組織の再生を促進するために利用することも可能である。
従って、本発明は、「遠隔」刺激手段を含む、幾つかの利点をもたらす。即ち、該表面カソードおよびアノード電極20、22を、ターゲット身体組織上に配置する必要がない。遠方のターゲット身体組織、例えば神経12は、密に間隔を置いて配置された表面カソードおよびアノード電極20、22から、同時に別々の導電体24を介して、幾つかの遠方のターゲット身体組織まで、電流の通路を与えることによって、刺激することができる。
Benabid, A.L., Pollak, P., Louveau, A., Henry, S., & De Rougemont, J. (1987),両側性パーキンソン病に関する、VIM視床核の組み合わせ(視床切開および刺激)立体空間的外科手術(Combined (thalamotomy and stimulation) stereotactic surgery of the VIM thalamic nucleus for bilateral Parkinson disease), Applied Neurophysiology, 50:344-346
Brindley, G.S., Polkey, C.E. & Rushton, D.N. (1982), 対麻痺における膀胱制御のための、仙骨前部根刺激装置(Sacral anterior root stimulators for bladder control in paraplegia), Paraplegia, 20:365-381
Gill, W.M., Jr. & Mortimer, J.T. (1996), 多重接触カフス電極のリクリートメント特性の定量化(Quantification of recruitment properties of multiple contact cuff electrodes), IEEE Trans. Rehabil. Eng., 4(2):49-62
Haugland, M. & Sinkjaer, T. (1999), 神経人工器官デバイスへの、身体自身の知覚レセプタのインターフェース(Interfacing the body’s own sensing receptors into neural prothesis devices), Technology & Health Care, 7:393-399
Horch, K.W. & Dhillon, G.S.編 (2004), Neuroprosthetics. Theory and Practice, Vol. 2, ワールドサイエンティフィック(World Scientific), NJ州
Kralj, A.R. & Bajd, T. (1989), 機能性電気刺激:脊髄損傷後の起立および歩行(Functional Electrical Stimulation: Standing and Walking after Spinal Cord Injury), CRCプレス, ボカラトン, FL州
Prochazka, A., Gauthier, M., Wieler, M. & Kenwell, Z. (1997), バイオニクスグローブ:四肢麻痺における制御された把持および手の開放をもたらす、電気的刺激装置付き衣服(The bionic glove: an electrical stimulator garment that provides controlled grasp and hand opening in quadriplegia) Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil., 78:608-614
Strojnik, P., Acimovic, R., Vavken, E., Simic, V. & Stanic, U. (1987), 移植可能なヒ骨膝下刺激装置を用いた、下垂足の治療(Treatment of drop foot using an implantable peroneal underknee stimulator. Scandinavian J. of Rehabil. Med.,19:37-43
Vodovnik, L.(1981), 四肢の機能性電気刺激による治療効果(Therapeutic effects of functional electrical stimulation of extremities), Medical and Biological Engineering & Computing, 19:470-478
Waltz, J.M. (1997), 脊髄の刺激:進歩および研究の1/4世紀。該刺激の1,336症例における進歩および有効性に関する概要(Spinal cord stimulation: a quarter century of development and investigation. A review of its development and effectiveness in 1,336 cases), Stereotactic & Functional Neurosurgery, 69:288-299
Nathan, R.H. (1994), 手の機能を発現するデバイス(Device for generating hand function), 1994年7月19日付の米国特許第5,330,516号
Prochazka, A., Wieler, M., Kenwell, Z.R., Gauthier, M.J.A. (1996), 運動機能を回復させるための、制御された電気刺激を適用するための衣料(Garment for applying controlled electrical stimulation to restore motor function), 1996年10月8日付の米国特許第5,562,707号
Prochazka, A. (2003), 歯のクリックで発生する振動による、デバイスおよび方法を制御するための方法並びに装置(Method and apparatus for controlling a device or process with vibrations generated by tooth clicks), 2003年10月16日付の国際特許出願公開WO 2004/034937号
Claims (16)
- 対象内のターゲット身体組織を、電気的に刺激するためのインプラントにおいて、
該インプラントが一度移植されると、該対象の皮膚上に隔置関係でかつ電気的接触状態で配置された表面カソード電極および表面アノード電極間を流れる電流の少なくとも一部に対する伝導路を与え、しかも該電流の当該部分を、該ターゲット身体組織に伝達するインプラントであって、
該インプラントが一度移植されると、該表面カソード電極の下方に位置する皮下組織から該ターゲット身体組織までに及ぶ十分な長さを持つ導電体を含み、
該導電体は、ピックアップ端部および刺激端部を有し、
該ピックアップ端部は、該電流の一部を該表面カソード電極と該表面アノード電極との間の身体組織内の流れに対して優先的に該導電体に流し、結果として該ターゲット身体組織の刺激を可能とするのに十分な表面積を持つ電気的終端を形成し、
該刺激端部は、該電流の一部を該ターゲット身体組織に対して伝送する電気的終端を形成し、
該ピックアップ端部の電気的終端と該刺激端部の電気的終端との間で該導電体が絶縁されたことを特徴とするインプラント。 - 該インプラントが一度移植されると、該ターゲット身体組織から該表面アノード電極の下方に位置する皮下組織までに及ぶ十分な長さを持つ戻り導電体を更に含み、
該戻り導電体が、集電端部および戻り端部を有し、
該集電端部は、該ターゲット身体組織に伝達された該電流の一部を該身体組織を介する電流の戻りに対して優先的に該戻り導電体を介して戻すことを可能とするのに十分な表面積を持つ電気的終端を形成し、
該戻り端部は、該表面アノード電極下方の該皮下組織および皮膚を介して、該表面電極に該電流を戻す電気的終端を形成する請求項1記載のインプラント。 - 該導電体および戻り導電体の少なくとも一方が、金属ワイヤ、炭素繊維、導電性ゴム、導電性ポリマー、またはゴム中の導電性塩溶液から作られている請求項1または2記載のインプラント。
- 該導電体および戻り導電体の少なくとも一方の端部における終端が、コイル、螺旋、カフス、ロッド、または卵形または多角形形状のプレートもしくはシート形状の大きな表面を与える請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項記載のインプラント。
- 該終端の少なくとも1つが、該導電体および戻り導電体の絶縁されていない端部から、あるいはその他の導電性または容量性の材料から作られる請求項4記載のインプラント。
- 該終端の少なくとも1つの表面上に、導電性または容量性の被覆、または酸化物層を更に含む請求項5記載のインプラント。
- 該終端の少なくとも一方の表面に、抗炎症性、抗菌性または組織内方成長性効果を与えるための被覆を更に含み、該被覆が、抗炎症剤、抗菌剤、抗生物質、および組織内方成長促進剤からなる群から選択される材料で作られている請求項5記載のインプラント。
- 対象内のターゲット身体組織を電気的に刺激する装置であって、
該対象の皮膚と電気的に接触させるための、かつ、該対象の皮膚に隔置関係で配置された際に、該ターゲット身体組織に電流を伝達するための、表面カソード電極および表面アノード電極と、
該対象の身体外部にあり、該表面カソードおよびアノード電極と電気的に接続されている刺激装置であって、該表面カソードおよびアノード電極に、直流電流、パルス電流、または交流電流を供給する刺激装置と、
該表面カソードおよびアノード電極間を流れる電流の一部を取出し、かつ該電流の当該部分を該ターゲット身体組織に電流を伝達するためのインプラントと、を含み、
該インプラントは一度移植されると、該表面カソード電極の下方に位置する皮下組織から該ターゲット身体組織にまで及ぶ十分な長さを持つ導電体を含み、
該導電体は、ピックアップ端部および刺激端部を有し、
該ピックアップ端部は、該電流の一部を該表面カソード電極と該表面アノード電極との間の身体組織内の流れに対して優先的に該導電体に流して、結果として該ターゲット身体組織の刺激を可能とするのに十分な表面積を持つ電気的終端を形成し、
該刺激端部は、該電流の一部を該ターゲット身体組織に対して伝送する電気的終端を形成し、
該ピックアップ端部の電気的終端と該刺激端部の電気的終端との間で該導電体が絶縁されたことを特徴とする装置。 - 該インプラントが一度移植されると、該ターゲット身体組織から該表面アノード電極の下方に位置する皮下組織までに及ぶ十分な長さを持つ戻り導電体を更に含み、
該戻り導電体が、集電端部および戻り端部を有し、
該集電端部は、該ターゲット身体組織に送達された該電流の一部を、該身体組織を介する電流の戻りに対して優先的に該戻り導電体を介して戻すことを可能とするのに十分な表面積を持つ電気的終端を形成し、
該戻り端部は、該表面アノード電極下方の該皮下組織および皮膚を介して、該表面アノード電極に該電流を戻す電気的終端を形成する請求項8記載の装置。 - 独立にまたは同時に、1以上のターゲット身体組織を電気的に刺激するための複数の請求項8または9記載のインプラントであって、該対象の皮膚下部に完全に移植されており、かつ異なるターゲット身体組織まで伸びるのに十分な長さを有して移植されている各インプラント、および該インプラントに対して適当な複数の表面カソード電極および1以上の表面アノード電極が配置されていることを特徴とする請求項8または9記載の装置。
- 該導電体および戻り導電体の少なくとも一方が、金属ワイヤ、炭素繊維、導電性ゴム、導電性ポリマー、またはゴム中の導電性塩溶液から作られている請求項8、9または10記載の装置。
- 該導電体および戻り導電体の少なくとも一方の終端が、コイル、螺旋、カフス、ロッド、または卵形または多角形形状のプレートもしくはシート形状の大きな表面を与える請求項11記載の装置。
- 該表面カソードおよびアノード電極が、導電性のプレートもしくはシート、導電性ゲル電極、部分的に電極ペーストまたはゲルで被覆することができる、導電性ゴムまたはポリマー電極、または湿潤吸収性パッド電極を含む請求項8乃至12のいずれか1項に記載の装置。
- 該終端が、該導電体または該戻り導電体の絶縁されていない端部であり、またはその他の導電性または容量性の材料から製造される請求項12記載の装置。
- 該終端の少なくとも一方の表面に導電性または容量性の被覆、または酸化物層を更に含む請求項12記載の装置。
- 該終端の少なくとも一方の上に抗炎症性、抗菌性または組織内方成長効果を与えるための被覆をも含み、該被覆が、抗炎症剤、抗菌剤、抗生物質、および組織内方成長促進剤からなる群から選択される材料製である請求項12記載の装置。
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- 2005-01-24 AU AU2005205853A patent/AU2005205853B2/en not_active Expired
- 2005-01-24 JP JP2006549810A patent/JP4879754B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2005-01-24 WO PCT/CA2005/000074 patent/WO2005070494A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2005-01-24 EP EP05700290.9A patent/EP1706178B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2006
- 2006-01-23 US US11/337,824 patent/US7502652B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2009
- 2009-03-09 US US12/400,202 patent/US8406886B2/en active Active
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1706178A4 (en) | 2009-02-25 |
| US20090222053A1 (en) | 2009-09-03 |
| EP1706178B1 (en) | 2013-04-24 |
| AU2005205853A1 (en) | 2005-08-04 |
| US20060184211A1 (en) | 2006-08-17 |
| WO2005070494A1 (en) | 2005-08-04 |
| CA2553901C (en) | 2015-01-20 |
| CA2553901A1 (en) | 2005-08-04 |
| JP2007518498A (ja) | 2007-07-12 |
| US20130274842A1 (en) | 2013-10-17 |
| AU2005205853B2 (en) | 2011-01-27 |
| US8406886B2 (en) | 2013-03-26 |
| US7502652B2 (en) | 2009-03-10 |
| US9072886B2 (en) | 2015-07-07 |
| US20140316497A1 (en) | 2014-10-23 |
| EP1706178A1 (en) | 2006-10-04 |
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