JP4981440B2 - 不眠症治療剤 - Google Patents
不眠症治療剤 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP4981440B2 JP4981440B2 JP2006507610A JP2006507610A JP4981440B2 JP 4981440 B2 JP4981440 B2 JP 4981440B2 JP 2006507610 A JP2006507610 A JP 2006507610A JP 2006507610 A JP2006507610 A JP 2006507610A JP 4981440 B2 JP4981440 B2 JP 4981440B2
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- Prior art keywords
- melatonin
- nicotine
- active ingredient
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Description
(A)少なくとも1つの希釈剤、担体または補助剤に加えて、メラトニン、他のメラトニン作動薬、メラトニンアゴニストおよびメラトニンアンタゴニストから選択される少なくとも1つの第1の有効成分を含む単位投与形態の第1の医薬製剤と、
(B)少なくとも1つの希釈剤、担体または補助剤に加えてニコチンおよびニコチン受容体アゴニストから選択される少なくとも1つの第2の有効成分を含む単位投与形態の第2の医薬製剤を含む、不眠症患者を治療するのに有用なキットであって、
(A)および(B)の前記投与単位が、経口、経直腸、非経口、口腔内、肺内または経皮投与に適合された投与単位から独立に選択されるキットを提供する。
(i)少なくとも1種の希釈剤、担体または補助剤も含むこと、
(ii)投与単位の形態であり、前記投与単位が経口、経直腸、非経口、口腔内、肺内または経皮投与に適合されていること、
(iii)放出制御、持続放出または長期放出製剤であること、
(iv)予め選択された期間にわたって、有効成分を徐々に体内に放出するデポー型であること、
(v)成分(a)がメラトニンであること、
(vi)成分(b)がニコチンであること、
(vii)少なくとも1種のメラトニン受容体修飾因子および/またはメラトニン特性修飾因子を含むこと、
(viii)上記第1および第2の有効成分(a)および(b)が単一製剤として調剤されていること
の少なくとも1つによって特徴づけられる。
(α)(A)および(B)の少なくとも1つが放出制御、持続放出または長期放出製剤であること、
(β)(A)および(B)の少なくとも1つが、予め選択された期間にわたって体内で徐々にその有効成分を放出するデポー型であること、
(γ)前記少なくとも1つの第1の有効成分がメラトニンを含むこと、
(δ)前記少なくとも1つの第2の有効成分がニコチンを含むこと、
(ε)(A)が少なくとも1つのメラトニン受容体修飾因子および/またはメラトニン特性修飾因子も含むこと、
(ζ)(A)がニコチンおよびニコチン受容体アゴニストから選択される少なくとも1つの別の有効成分も含むこと、
(η)前記第1および第2の有効成分、ならびに、存在すれば前記のさらなる有効成分が0.025〜100mg、好ましくは0.25〜50mg、より好ましくは0.5〜40mgの範囲内の投与単位で存在すること
の少なくとも1つによってさらに特徴づけられる。
17名の高齢不眠症患者(66.9(SD5.4)才)において主観的に評価された睡眠の質に対するメラトニンの放出制御製剤の効果を無作為の二重盲検クロスオーバー試験で検討した。主要なメラトニン代謝物である6−スルファトキシメラトニンの尿中の夜間(8p.m.〜8a.m.)での基礎排出を測定し、対象者をプラセボで1週間治療してベースライン特性を確立し、続いて、洗い流し期間(1週間)が間に入った2期間のクロスオーバーデザイン(メラトニン放出制御2mgまたはプラセボのどちらかで4週間)で治療した。ベースラインおよび治療期間の最後の週に、140mm視覚的アナログスケールにチェックマークをつけて、前の晩の自分の睡眠の質を評価するように患者に求めた。スケールの左側からの患者のマークの距離(mmで)を測定した。より高い数字はより良好な睡眠を示す。患者評価における安らかな睡眠のプラセボ値からの差を喫煙患者と非喫煙患者について計算した。試験個体群において喫煙者と非喫煙者によって排出された夜間の6−スルファトキシメラトニンの量の有意な差はなかった(それぞれ、3.5±1.5対6.3±5μgの6−スルファトキシメラトニン)。驚くべきことに、プラセボでのそれを超えて、メラトニンを用いた睡眠の質の改善は、喫煙者において、著しくより大きく、メラトニンとニコチンの相乗効果を示している(表1)ことを見出した。喫煙者と非喫煙者との間で、プラセボに対する応答に差は見出されなかった。
主観的に評価された睡眠の質に対するメラトニンの放出制御製剤の効果を、入り混じった年齢の不眠症患者個体群(20〜80才)について試験した。対象者をプラセボで1週間治療してベースライン特性を確立し、次いで、1夜間当たり1mgの放出制御メラトニンまたはプラセボで3週間治療した。ベースラインおよび治療期間の最後の3日間に、リーズ睡眠評価質問表(Parrott AC、Hindmarch I.The Leeds Sleep evaluation questionnaire in psycopharmacological investigations−a review(精神薬理学的研究におけるリーズ睡眠評価質問表―レビュー)、Psychopharmacology 1980年;71:173〜179頁)を用いて、前の晩の自分の睡眠の質を評価するように患者に求めた。この質問表は睡眠の質に関する2つの100mm視覚的アナログスケールを備えている。スケールの右側からの患者のマークの距離をmmで測定した。2つの質問の平均解答を、3連続夜にわたって平均した。応答者を、平均値に対して10mm以上の改善を示す患者として定義した。驚くべきことに、年齢に関係なく、非喫煙者間(40%、n=43、p=0.002)より、喫煙者間(62%、n=16)でより著しく高い割合の応答者があることが分かった。喫煙者グループ(46%、n=13)と非喫煙者グループ(44% n=53、p=0.89、カイ二乗検定)の間でプラセボに対する応答者の割合に差はなかった。
40名の高齢不眠症患者(60.8(SD0.8)才)において、メラトニンの放出制御製剤の精神運動パフォーマンス(総反応時間、TRT、および平均反応時間、MRT)に対する効果を試験した。対象者をプラセボ(ベースライン)で2週間、1夜間当たり2mgの放出制御メラトニンで3週間治療した。治療の最後の2日間で、日中の覚醒状態を評価するために、すべての患者で精神運動試験を行った。メラトニンで治療された患者の精神運動技能の改善は喫煙者グループ(TRTで−38.95msecおよびMRTで−36.07)において、非喫煙者グループ(それぞれ、−5.21および0.62msec、p=0.05およびp=0.03)と比較して、より著しく高かった。
実施例4
(A)放出制御メラトニン
経口投与用の放出制御製剤を、生成物がEudragit(登録商標)RSPO 35.3%、ラクトース 16.7%、リン酸水素カルシウム 41.4%、タルク 1.3%、ステアリン酸マグネシウム 4%、メラトニン 1.3%を含有するように、粉末化した材料、すなわち2mgメラトニン(Lipomed Co.、Switzerland)およびアクリル樹脂担体(Rohm Pharma)をドライ混合した後、7mm円筒状パンチにおいて2.5トンの圧縮により調製した。例えば1mgまたは2mgのメラトニンを含むように錠剤化することができる。
この実施例では、24時間効果があるように十分なニコチンを保持し送達できる経皮パッチを作製する。一般にパッチは毎日1回取替え、禁煙治療、または全身的ニコチン送達が指示される他の状態で使用することができる。夜に与えたメラトニン錠剤は、ニコチン治療で引き起こされる不眠症を軽減するために使用される。メラトニンは夜間に、好ましくは、例えば夜間に8時間効果があるのに十分なメラトニンを保持し送達できる処方実施例(A)で述べたものなどの放出制御錠剤として与える。
この実施例の製剤は、8〜12時間の間有効である(取り替えた後)のに十分な量のニコチンとメラトニンの夜間の送達のために使用され、かつ、好ましくは、禁煙治療または、または不眠症を引き起こすことのない全身的ニコチン送達が指示される他の状態のために、12〜16時間だけにわたるニコチンの日中の送達のための別個のパッチと一緒に使用することを考慮している。日中用パッチは、一般に12〜16時間後に取り替え、ニコチン溶液の強度が33重量%ではなく21重量%であること以外は、上記実施例(B)と同様にして調製することができる。
Claims (16)
- (a)放出制御、持続放出または長期放出形態のメラトニンである第1の有効成分と、
(b)経皮パッチ形態のニコチンである第2の有効成分と
を含む、ニコチン補充療法に起因する不眠症治療剤。 - 以下の特徴、すなわち
(i)少なくとも1種の希釈剤、担体または補助剤も含むこと、
(ii)投与単位の形態であり、前記投与単位が経口、経直腸、非経口、口腔内、肺内または経皮投与に適合されていること、
(iii)予め選択された期間にわたって、前記有効成分を徐々に体内に放出するデポー型であること、
(iv)前記第1および第2の有効成分(a)および(b)が単一製剤として調剤されていること
の少なくとも1つによって特徴づけられている、請求項1に記載の治療剤。 - 前記(ii)によって特徴づけられており、各投与単位が、前記有効成分の少なくとも1つを、0.025〜100mgの範囲内の量で含む、請求項2に記載の治療剤。
- 前記量が0.25〜50mgの範囲内の量である、請求項3に記載の治療剤。
- 前記量が0.5〜40mgの範囲内の量である、請求項4に記載の治療剤。
- 経皮パッチ形態のニコチン補充療法の過程における患者の治療のための、ニコチン補充療法に起因する不眠症を軽減する目的の、医薬品の製造における、放出制御、持続放出または長期放出形態のメラトニンである有効成分の使用。
- 前記医薬品のそれぞれが以下の特徴、すなわち、
(i)少なくとも1種の希釈剤、担体または補助剤も含むこと、
(ii)投与単位の形態であり、前記投与単位が経口、経直腸、非経口、口腔内、肺内または経皮投与に適合されていること、
(iii)予め選択された期間にわたって、前記有効成分を徐々に体内に放出するデポー型であること、
(iv)メラトニンおよびニコチンが単一製剤として調剤されていること
の少なくとも1つによってそれぞれ特徴づけられる、請求項6に記載の使用。 - メラトニンおよびニコチンがそれぞれ投与単位の形態であり、各前記投与単位が、前記有効成分の少なくとも1つを0.025〜100mgの範囲内の量で含む、請求項7に記載の使用。
- 前記量が0.25〜50mgの範囲内である、請求項8に記載の使用。
- 前記量が0.5〜40mgの範囲内である、請求項9に記載の使用。
- (A)少なくとも1つの希釈剤、担体または補助剤に加えて、放出制御、持続放出または長期放出形態のメラトニンである第1の有効成分を含む投与単位形態の第1の医薬製剤と、
(B)少なくとも1つの希釈剤、担体または補助剤に加えて、経皮パッチ形態のニコチンである第2の有効成分を含む投与単位形態の第2の医薬製剤とを含む、ニコチン補充療法に起因する不眠症治療用キット。 - (α)前記第1および第2の有効成分、ならびに、存在すれば前記のさらなる有効成分が0.025〜100mgの範囲内の前記投与単位で存在すること
によってさらに特徴づけられる、請求項11に記載のキット。 - 前記第1および第2の有効成分、ならびに、存在すれば前記のさらなる有効成分が0.25〜50mgの範囲内の前記投与単位で存在する、請求項12に記載のキット。
- 前記第1および第2の有効成分、ならびに、存在すれば前記のさらなる有効成分が0.5〜40mgの範囲内の前記投与単位で存在する、請求項13に記載のキット。
- (A)も経皮パッチの形態である、請求項11から14のいずれか一項に記載のキット。
- (A)が経口投与のための放出制御錠剤の形態である、請求項11から14のいずれか一項に記載のキット。
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012116859A (ja) * | 2003-04-29 | 2012-06-21 | Neurim Pharmaceuticals (1991) Ltd | 認知および記憶を改善するための組成物 |
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