JP5410101B2 - 酵素的にカルボン酸エステルを調製する方法 - Google Patents
酵素的にカルボン酸エステルを調製する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5410101B2 JP5410101B2 JP2009006176A JP2009006176A JP5410101B2 JP 5410101 B2 JP5410101 B2 JP 5410101B2 JP 2009006176 A JP2009006176 A JP 2009006176A JP 2009006176 A JP2009006176 A JP 2009006176A JP 5410101 B2 JP5410101 B2 JP 5410101B2
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- Prior art keywords
- acid
- carboxylic acid
- conversion
- reaction
- gas
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- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCl FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycerol Chemical compound OCC(O)COCC(O)CO GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940120503 dihydroxyacetone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004990 dihydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012972 dimethylethanolamine Substances 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006459 hydrosilylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKYWVDODHFEZIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ketoprofen Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)C1=CC=CC(C(=O)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 DKYWVDODHFEZIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000991 ketoprofen Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- DUWWHGPELOTTOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(5-chloro-2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-oxobutanamide Chemical compound COC1=CC(OC)=C(NC(=O)CC(C)=O)C=C1Cl DUWWHGPELOTTOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019865 palm kernel oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003346 palm kernel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010951 particle size reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCVRQHFDJLLWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,2-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)CO WCVRQHFDJLLWFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNVZJPUDSLNTQU-SEYXRHQNSA-N petroselinic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCC(O)=O CNVZJPUDSLNTQU-SEYXRHQNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005373 siloxane group Chemical group [SiH2](O*)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N urethane group Chemical group NC(=O)OCC JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/62—Carboxylic acid esters
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Description
式中、R1は、直鎖、分岐、飽和、または不飽和であり、かつ、任意選択により追加で置換された2〜30の炭素数を有するカルボン酸のアシル基(acyl radical)であり、
R2は、直鎖、分岐、飽和、または不飽和であり、かつ、任意選択により追加で置換された2〜30の炭素数を有するアルキル基(alkyl radical)である。
Novozym 435(NZ435)は、Novozymes A/S製(バウスヴェア/デンマーク)の市販の酵素固定化物であり、C.antarcticaから得られたリパーゼBをポリメタクリレート上に吸着させて固定化したものである。
10mgのNovozym435を5mlの等モルの基質溶液(ミリスチン酸およびミリスチルアルコール)に加え、攪拌しながら60℃でインキュベートした。試料(Vsample:50μl)を5分ごとに25分にわたり採取し、950μlのデカン(内部標準:4mMドデカン)中に移した。kcatを初期の生成物形成速度を用いて決定し、7000μmol*mg−1*min−1であると決定した。ミリスチン酸ミリスチルはガスクロマトグラフィーで検出した(Shimadzu 2010、SGE製BTXカラム;長さ25m、I.D.0.22μm;膜:0.25μm;検出器型:300℃でFID;注入温度275℃および注入量1μl、分割比35.0;担体ガス圧(ヘリウム)150kPa;温度プログラム:開始温度60℃、1.5分間保持、温度上昇20℃/分、終了温度250℃、2.5分間保持)。
10mgのNovozym 435を異なる濃度の5mlの等モル基質溶液(ミリスチン酸およびミリスチルアルコール、各々の場合においてメチルシクロヘキサン中10mM〜1000mM)に加え、攪拌しながら60℃でインキュベートした。試料(Vsample:50μl)を各濃度に対して5分ごとに25分にわたり採取し、950μlのデカン(内部標準:4mMドデカン)中に移した。得られた初期速度の、基質濃度に対するプロットにより、150mMのKM値で半値(half-maximum)の反応速度と評価された。単純化のために、その定数は、反応の過程での等モル消費により、各個々の成分についてではなく、この特定の混合物について決定した。
研究対象のモデル反応は、C.antarctica由来の固定化リパーゼBを用いたミリスチン酸ミリスチルの調製とした。基質濃度が低下するにつれて実際の反応速度が低下することは当業者にはよく知られている。その数学的関係はミカエリス・メンテン式により表現される(Voet、Voet、“Biochemie”、初版、Wiley-VCH:1992年、ワインハイム、ドイツ、329〜331頁も参照)。
329gのミリスチルアルコールと351gのミリスチン酸を1Lの初期充填容器に入れて60℃まで加熱し、磁気攪拌器により混合した。2.72gのNovozym 435を加え、5mbarの真空を適用することによって形成した反応水を取り除き、その水を蒸留により除去した。酸価滴定により、反応過程を約24時間モニターした(表1参照)。
502gのミリスチルアルコールおよび513gのミリスチン酸を底に排出口のついた2lの5口フラスコ中で60℃まで加熱し、機械式攪拌器で混合した。4.06gのNovozym 435を60℃まで加熱した固定床に充填した(高さ2cm、直径3cm)。続いて、反応混合物を、酵素担持固定床を通ってギアポンプで送り出し、60℃に加熱したステンレス鋼管を経由して循環させ、フラスコへ戻した。その流速を50ml*min−1に設定した。反応水を取り除くために、5mbarの真空を適用し、水を蒸留により除去した。水の除去を速めるため、60℃に加熱したガラスカラムの内壁の薄膜約15cmにわたって、反応混合物をフラスコ中に戻す際に流下させた。酸価滴定により、反応過程を約14時間モニターした(表2参照)。
11010gのミリスチルアルコールおよび11500gのミリスチン酸を、内径300mm、高さ700mmの60℃に加熱したガラス容器中で、60℃に加熱した。容器の底に装備されたリングスパージャーを通して、5m3/hの窒素を混合物中に導入した。90gのNovozym 435を加え、酸価滴定により、反応過程を約6時間モニターした(表3参照)。
55305gのミリスチルアルコールおよび56705gのミリスチン酸を、内径300mm、高さ2500mmの60℃に加熱したガラス容器中で、60℃に加熱した。容器の底に装備されたリングスパージャーを通して、5m3/hの空気を混合物中に導入した。448gのNovozym 435を加え、酸価滴定により、反応過程を約9時間モニターした(表4参照)。
55305gのミリスチルアルコールおよび56780gのミリスチン酸を、内径300mm、高さ2500mmの60℃に加熱したガラス容器中で、60℃に加熱した。容器の底に装備されたリングスパージャーを通して、13.5m3/hの空気を混合物中に導入した。448gのNovozym 435を加え、酸価滴定により、反応過程を約7時間モニターした(表5参照)。
実施例1〜5について、95%、98%、99%、および99.6%の転換率を達成するために必要な時間を決定した(必要な場合、内挿による)。これらの転換率について、それぞれの場合にTR、ER、およびEVを決定した。
実施例3〜5と同様に、中間の精製をせずに酵素触媒を再使用して、ミリスチン酸ミリスチルを合成する幾つかの反応を実施し、300分後の転換率を決定した。(各例のバッチサイズは、25.6gのミリスチン酸、25.0gのミリスチルアルコール、0.20gのNovozym 435、1500ml/分の窒素スパージング)。6回繰り返し行った。
429gのデカノール(Aldrich、OHN:340mgKOH/g)および553gのココナツ脂肪酸(Cognis製Edenor HK 8〜18、AN:271.4mgKOH/g)を、内径100mm、高さ500mmの60℃に加熱したガラス容器中で、60℃に加熱した。容器の底に装備されたガラスフリットを通して、窒素を3l/分で混合物中に導入した。3.9gのNovozym 435を加えた。9時間後、反応混合物は0.86mgKOH/gの酸価に達した。
418.7gのポリエチレン/ポリプロピレングリコール(モル質量2790g/mol、OHN:40.2mgKOH/g、組成:52%エチレングリコール、48%プロピレングリコール)および55.3gのウンデス−10−エン酸(2当量、Aldrich、AN:304.4mgKOH/g)を、内径100mm、高さ500mmの60℃に加熱したガラス容器中で、60℃に加熱した。容器の底に装備されたガラスフリットを通して2l/分の窒素を混合物中に導入した。9.5gのNovozym 435を加えた。23時間後、反応混合物は1.0mgKOH/gの酸価に達した。
404.6gのアジピン酸ジエチル(Aldrich)および236.4gの1,6−ヘキサンジオール(Aldrich)を、内径100mm、高さ500mmの60℃に加熱したガラス容器中で、60℃に加熱した。容器の底に装備されたガラスフリットを通して窒素を2l/分で混合物中に導入した。6.4gのNovozym 435を加えた。24時間後、アジピン酸ジエチルに基づく94%の転換率が1HNMRにより決定された。GPC分析(Agilent 1100、1ml/分のTHF、標準としてポリスチレン)は、MW=3819g/molおよびMN=1854g/molのポリマーの形成を示した。
Claims (10)
- アルコールおよびカルボン酸から酵素的にカルボン酸エステルを合成する方法であって、
ガスの導入によって、アルコールおよびカルボン酸を、それらからカルボン酸エステルを合成することができる酵素と混合する工程であって、カルボン酸エステルと水を含む反応混合物を得る工程;および
ガスの導入によって、前記反応混合物から水を排出する工程;
を含み、
前記混合工程および排出工程が、ガスの導入によって行われ、
前記カルボン酸からカルボン酸エステルへの95%の転換率が、有効比EV 95 <3.0で達成される
(ここで、有効比EV n は、n%の転換率を達成するための有効反応時間(ER n )と、n%の転換率を達成するための理論的な最小反応時間(TR n )から次式:
EV n =ER n /TR n
で算出される)
ことを特徴とする、方法。 - 前記酵素が支持体材料上に粒子形態で共有結合または非共有結合によって固定化されていることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記支持体材料が0.5μmより大きい平均粒径を有することを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 使用する前記ガスが空気、希薄空気、酸素、窒素、希ガス、または二酸化炭素であることを特徴とする、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 使用する前記ガスが空気または窒素であることを特徴とする、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記混合する工程が20℃〜100℃の温度で行われることを特徴とする、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記カルボン酸からカルボン酸エステルへの98%の転換率が、有効比EV98<4.0で達成されることを特徴とする、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記カルボン酸からカルボン酸エステルへの99%の転換率が、有効比EV99<5.0で達成されることを特徴とする、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記カルボン酸からカルボン酸エステルへの99.6%の転換率が、有効比EV99.6<8.0で達成されることを特徴とする、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ガスの導入がスパージングによることを特徴とする、請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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| DE102008004726.0 | 2008-01-16 | ||
| DE102008004726A DE102008004726A1 (de) | 2008-01-16 | 2008-01-16 | Verfahren zur enzymatischen Herstellung von Carbonsäureestern |
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| US7879208B2 (en) * | 2006-02-03 | 2011-02-01 | Zodiac Pool Systems, Inc. | Multi-port chlorine generator |
| DE102006025821A1 (de) * | 2006-06-02 | 2007-12-06 | Degussa Gmbh | Ein Enzym zur Herstellung von Mehylmalonatsemialdehyd oder Malonatsemialdehyd |
| DE102007060705A1 (de) * | 2007-12-17 | 2009-06-18 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | ω-Aminocarbonsäuren oder ihre Lactame, herstellende, rekombinante Zellen |
| DE102008004725A1 (de) * | 2008-01-16 | 2009-07-23 | Evonik Goldschmidt Gmbh | Verfahren zur heterogenkatalysierten Herstellung von Carbonsäurederivaten |
| DE102008004726A1 (de) | 2008-01-16 | 2009-07-23 | Evonik Goldschmidt Gmbh | Verfahren zur enzymatischen Herstellung von Carbonsäureestern |
| DE102008002409A1 (de) * | 2008-06-13 | 2009-12-17 | Evonik Goldschmidt Gmbh | Enzymatische Synthese von Sphingolipiden |
| DE102008002410A1 (de) * | 2008-06-13 | 2009-12-17 | Evonik Goldschmidt Gmbh | Enzymatische Synthese von Sphingolipiden |
| DE102008002715A1 (de) * | 2008-06-27 | 2009-12-31 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | 2-Hydroxyisobuttersäure produzierende rekombinante Zelle |
| DE102008041754A1 (de) * | 2008-09-02 | 2010-03-04 | Evonik Goldschmidt Gmbh | Enzympräparate |
| DE102009003275A1 (de) | 2009-05-20 | 2010-11-25 | Evonik Goldschmidt Gmbh | Verzweigte Polydimethylsiloxan-Polyoxyalkylen Copolymere, ein Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung als Anti-Vernebelungsadditiv in UV-härtenden Silikonen |
| DE102009046626A1 (de) | 2009-11-11 | 2011-05-12 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Candida tropicalis Zellen und deren Verwendung |
| CN102844283A (zh) | 2010-04-15 | 2012-12-26 | 亨利有限责任公司 | 用于为石膏组合物提供强度的混合物和乳液 |
| DE102010015807A1 (de) | 2010-04-20 | 2011-10-20 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Biokatalytisches Oxidationsverfahren mit alkL-Genprodukt |
| US9045370B2 (en) | 2011-02-24 | 2015-06-02 | Henry Company Llc | Aqueous wax emulsions having reduced solids content for use in gypsum compositions and building products |
| BR112014000947A2 (pt) | 2011-07-20 | 2017-06-13 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | oxidação e aminação de álcoois primários |
| EP2602328A1 (de) | 2011-12-05 | 2013-06-12 | Evonik Industries AG | Verfahren zur Oxidation von Alkanen unter Verwendung einer AlkB Alkan 1-Monooxygenase |
| EP2607479A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 | 2013-06-26 | Evonik Industries AG | Biotechnological production of alcohols and derivatives thereof |
| EP2631298A1 (en) | 2012-02-22 | 2013-08-28 | Evonik Industries AG | Biotechnological method for producing butanol and butyric acid |
| EP2639308A1 (de) | 2012-03-12 | 2013-09-18 | Evonik Industries AG | Enzymatische omega-Oxidation und -Aminierung von Fettsäuren |
| KR102038177B1 (ko) * | 2012-10-29 | 2019-10-29 | 아처 다니엘 미드랜드 캄파니 | 탄산염을 이용한 카복실산의 알코올 매개 에스테르화 |
| FR3029935B1 (fr) | 2014-12-10 | 2018-02-16 | Gattefosse Sas | Procede de preparation d'un excipient a base de cire par catalyse enzymatique |
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| IL46178A (en) * | 1974-12-03 | 1978-10-31 | Rehovot Res Prod | Method for the performance of enzymatic reactions |
| US4251631A (en) * | 1978-02-23 | 1981-02-17 | Research Products Rehovot Ltd. | Cross-linked enzyme membrane |
| JPH0416196A (ja) * | 1990-05-02 | 1992-01-21 | Lion Corp | アルキルグリコシド脂肪酸モノエステルの製造方法 |
| EP0413307A1 (en) * | 1989-08-15 | 1991-02-20 | Lion Corporation | Process for producing saccharide fatty acid monoesters |
| GB9225054D0 (en) * | 1992-11-30 | 1993-01-20 | Baxenden Chem | Enzymatic synthesis |
| KR970009154B1 (ko) * | 1994-02-26 | 1997-06-07 | 주식회사 유공 | 효소에 의한 기상(氣狀) 에스테르화 반응 |
| US5713965A (en) * | 1996-04-12 | 1998-02-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Production of biodiesel, lubricants and fuel and lubricant additives |
| DE10122551A1 (de) * | 2001-05-10 | 2002-11-21 | Zulka Joachim Hans | Einstufiges Verfahren zur Herstellung eines biologisch abbaubaren Fettsäure-Esters (Esteröl) aus Triglyceriden (Fetten) |
| DE10206772A1 (de) * | 2002-02-19 | 2003-09-04 | Hoefer Bioreact Gmbh | Neuartiger Rieselbett-Bioreaktor mit Wirbelbett-Regeneration |
| US6979720B2 (en) * | 2002-05-03 | 2005-12-27 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | manufacture of certain cyclic ester oligomers |
| US6822105B1 (en) * | 2003-08-12 | 2004-11-23 | Stepan Company | Method of making alkyl esters using glycerin |
| DE102004047869A1 (de) * | 2004-10-01 | 2006-04-06 | Goldschmidt Gmbh | Verfahren zur enzymatischen Synthese von Pyroglutaminsäureestern |
| DE102006005100A1 (de) * | 2006-02-04 | 2007-08-09 | Goldschmidt Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung organomodifizierter Siloxane |
| EP2145011B1 (en) * | 2007-04-11 | 2011-07-13 | Novozymes A/S | Method for producing biodiesel |
| DE102007031689A1 (de) | 2007-07-06 | 2009-01-08 | Evonik Goldschmidt Gmbh | Enzympräparate |
| DE102007055483A1 (de) * | 2007-11-21 | 2009-05-28 | Evonik Goldschmidt Gmbh | Kosmetische und dermatologische Formulierungen enthaltend Isononylbenzoat |
| DE102008004726A1 (de) * | 2008-01-16 | 2009-07-23 | Evonik Goldschmidt Gmbh | Verfahren zur enzymatischen Herstellung von Carbonsäureestern |
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|---|---|
| US20090181439A1 (en) | 2009-07-16 |
| DE102008004726A1 (de) | 2009-07-23 |
| CN101487030B (zh) | 2014-07-09 |
| EP2080807A2 (de) | 2009-07-22 |
| EP2080807B1 (de) | 2017-01-04 |
| US8216813B2 (en) | 2012-07-10 |
| EP2080807A3 (de) | 2009-11-25 |
| CN101487030A (zh) | 2009-07-22 |
| JP2009165474A (ja) | 2009-07-30 |
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