JP5774989B2 - 整形外科用ねじ - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/70—Spinal positioners or stabilisers, e.g. stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant
- A61B17/7061—Spinal positioners or stabilisers, e.g. stabilisers comprising fluid filler in an implant for stabilising vertebrae or discs by improving the condition of their tissues, e.g. using implanted medication or fluid exchange
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- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
- A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
- A61B17/8625—Shanks, i.e. parts contacting bone tissue
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/56—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
- A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
- A61B17/68—Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
- A61B17/84—Fasteners therefor or fasteners being internal fixation devices
- A61B17/86—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor
- A61B17/864—Pins or screws or threaded wires; nuts therefor hollow, e.g. with socket or cannulated
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Description
周りの組織の融合を改善する他の方法は、積極的な組織の応答(例えば成長速度の増大、炎症反応の減少)を促す治療薬を送達することである。本発明の整形外科用ねじは、そうした治療薬を、装置を囲む組織に局所的に送達するために用いることができる。そうした治療薬の局所的送達は、再建手術における軟組織の骨に対する付着強度を高めること、骨のねじに対する付着強度を高めること、及び骨関節炎または骨粗鬆症の患者の骨を強化することなどの問題の助けとなり得る。治療薬は、それだけに限らないが、ヒドロキシアパタイト、薬品及び生物製剤を含む。
a.リザーバ 1つまたは複数のリザーバ18は、長期(数時間から数週間)の治療薬の送達を可能にすることができる。ねじ10の送達流路20、リザーバ18などへの進入路は、下記のことを含む複数の方法によって得られる。
i.自己封止式ポリマダイアフラム24は、手術時または手術後に針との直接的な接続を可能にすることができる(図4参照)。
ii.PEEKまたは他の移植可能な材料で製造された取り外し可能なキャップ26は、治療薬送達部分への進入路を形成し、治療薬の送達後にこれらの部分を封止することもできる(図5)。ねじの挿入を容易にする手段も、キャップ26のねじに対する組み立てを助けることができる。
b.他の装置への接続 ねじの治療薬送達部分への進入路は、ねじ10と、皮下から体内の他の場所に治療薬を送達するように設計された装置(例えば、治療薬を皮膚の下からさらに深い胸腔内の静脈に送達するためにしばしば用いられるポート)とを連結することによって形成することができる。最後の選択肢は、ポート30と直接的に連結するねじ10上の取り付け部分28、(ポート30と連結する)カテーテル32とのインターフェース、またはその他の構成要素とのインターフェースを含むことが可能であり、これらは、ポート30またはカテーテル32と連結するように、ねじ10に取り付けることができる(図6参照)。
所与のねじは、これらの選択肢の任意のものまたはすべてを包含することができる。
ねじは、カニューレが挿入されても、カニューレが挿入されなくてもよい。
本発明によるインプラントが放射線透過性材料(例えば、PEEKなどのポリマ)で製造される場合には、X線、蛍光透視装置または同様の診断手段に対してインプラントの位置及び向きを示すために、放射線不透過性マーカ34を含むことができる。マーカは、任意の数のより高い密度の移植可能な材料で製造することができる。選択肢は、それだけに限らないが、移植可能な金属(例えば、ステンレス鋼、チタンもしくはチタン合金)、硫酸バリウムを含むPEEK、カーボンを含むPEEK、または放射線不透過性材料(硫酸バリウムもしくは二酸化ジルコニウムなど)を有する他のポリマを含む。マーカの設計の例は、カニューレが挿入されたねじのカニューレ38の一部もしくはすべてを占めるピン36、製造方法が材料の層状化を伴う場合(以下で論じられる)には材料層の1つ、ねじ山14のすべてもしくは一部、クロスピン40、またはねじの頭部42もしくは先端部16のうちの1つまたは複数を含む(図7A乃至図7C参照)。放射線不透過性材料の不透過度及び/または量は、(現在の堅い金属のねじで行われるように)マーカがX線または他の診断法によるねじ付近の組織の評価を妨げないように制御することができる。
1.巻き 例えば、多孔性シートを巻いてねじにすることができる。これは本質的に、ねじの軸に平行である半径方向の螺旋状の切れ目を作ることの反対である。この工程では、異なる材料の層を組み合わせることができる。この工程は以下のことを含む。
a.巻かれたときに孔が並ぶように、あるパターンの孔を有する多孔性シートを製造する。
b.シートを巻く。このステップは、中心の心棒またはロッドの使用の有無に関わらず実施することができる。
1.シートは、中心の心棒を用いずに巻くことができる。これによって、カニューレが挿入されたねじを作成することができる。中心の孔に生体適合性のピン/ロッドを挿入してねじに結合し、カニューレが挿入されていないねじを作成することができる。
2.シートは、取り外し可能な心棒の周りに巻くことができる。これによって、カニューレが挿入されたねじを作成することができる。中心の孔に生体適合性のピン/ロッドを挿入してねじに結合し、カニューレが挿入されていないねじを作成することができる。
3.あるいは、シートを生体適合性のロッドの周りに巻いてロッドに結合し、カニューレが挿入されていないねじを作成することができる。
c.巻かれた材料を結合する。
注:選択肢1乃至選択肢3の孔は、例えばレーザ切断、穿孔、エッチング、放電加工、プラズマエッチング、電鋳、電子ビーム加工、ウォータジェット切断、スタンピングまたは機械加工によって作成することができる。ポリマベースの材料の場合、孔は、シートが、例えば押し出し加工、射出成形またはホットスタンピングによって作成されるときに作成することができる。
a.1つの方法は、粉末状の移植可能な材料(例えばPEEK)と、移植可能な材料が溶けないもの(PEEKの例では、水、イソプロピルアルコールなど)に溶ける粉末(例えば塩)との混合物を作成するステップを含む。次いで混合物が加熱され、移植可能な粒子を互いに結合する。粒子同士の結合を助けるために、圧力を加えることもできる。熱は、対流または他の方法(所与の範囲のエネルギ波−レーザ波など−を吸収し、加熱を引き起こす材料(例えば、Gentex(登録商標) Corporation製のClearweldコーティング)で粉末を被覆することなど)によって生成することができる。最後に、充填物を溶解除去して、多孔性の移植可能な材料を生成する。この方法は、ネットシェイプ部、または個々の部分をそれから作成することができる素材形状を作成することができる。
b.他の方法は、移植可能なポリマを、前述のものなどの溶解性材料と混合するステップを含む。次いで混合物は小球の形にされ、次いで中間物または最終的な部品形状に射出成形される。充填物は溶解除去され、多孔性の移植可能なポリマを生成する。
1.熱 熱は複数の方法で発生させることができる:
a.超音波溶接−超音波を用いて、層の境界面に熱を生じさせる。
b.熱かしめ−加熱された手段を用いて、層の間で融解を引き起こす。
c.振動溶接
d.レーザ溶接
e.対流−オーブンを用いて熱を生じさせ、結合を引き起こす。
f.中間層−例えば、損傷を引き起こさずにポリマ(例えばPEEK)を通過するエネルギ波を吸収することが可能な材料を使用する。吸収されたエネルギが、局所的な加熱を引き起こす。そうしたコーティングの例は、Gentex(登録商標) Corporation製のClearweldである。Clearweldが吸収するレーザ波は、損傷を引き起こさずにPEEKを通過し、PEEKの大規模な損傷なしに各層を同時に融解することを可能にする。
a.接着剤−二次的な材料(接着剤など)を用いて材料を結合することができる。
b.溶剤結合−シートの表面にポリマまたは強化ポリマが溶解する材料を適用し、複数の表面を互いに結合することを可能にする。
c.オーバーモールド−ポリマまたは強化ポリマのオーバーモールドによって、化学的な結合をもたらすことができる。
a.オーバーモールド−ポリマまたは強化ポリマのオーバーモールドによって、ミクロスケールまたはマクロスケールで構成要素間の機械的係止を生成することができる(ミクロスケール−成形された材料が既存の材料の表面の隆起部分と組み合わさる。マクロスケール−舌状体−溝の接続部またはアンダカットなどの部分)。オーバーモールドされた材料は各層と別個の構成要素とすることができる、または1つの層を他の層の上にオーバーモールドすることができる。
b.諸部分が層の中に設けられるか、または機械的係止をもたらす別個の構成要素−例えば、機械的係止を生成するピン、スナップロック接続、あり継ぎ手、舌状体−溝、リベット、融解用タブなど−によって設けられる。
c.一部の接着剤は、化学的結合に加えてまたはその代わりに、機械的結合を形成する。
1.すべての層を互いに一斉に結合する−結合を引き起こすためにエネルギ波を利用する方法(例えば、Gentex(登録商標) Corporation製のClearweldコーティング、または紫外線硬化接着剤)には特に魅力的である。
1.熱
a.レーザ溶接−レーザは、いくつかの位置でレーザ溶接することができる。その部分の大きさ及び孔の整列に応じて、材料の2つ以上の層または巻かれたものを互いに一斉に溶接することができる(レーザは、孔を通して結合される複数の層に到達することができる)。
b.スポット溶接−従来のスポット溶接を用いて、材料の2つ以上の層/巻かれたものを結合することができる。
c.拡散結合/焼結
d.振動溶接
e.超音波溶接
先に論じたポリマ材料と同様に、金属の2つ以上の層を徐々に、または連続的な積み重ね/結合の工程として結合することができる。
1.各層を結合してねじのブランクを作成した後、ねじ山を形成する(図13参照)
a.ねじ山を機械加工する
b.型を用いてねじ山を熱成形する
a.巻く方法:材料は、実際にはシートが最終的な形に成形されるまで完全なねじ山の形状を与えない。連続または不連続のねじ山を作成することができる。この方法の設計の選択肢は、ねじ山を形成する突起した材料を生成するステップ、またはねじ山の材料を残すように材料を除去するステップを含む。第1の方法における突起した材料は、機械加工、レーザアブレーション、ホットスタンピング、熱間または冷間成形、化学エッチング、放電加工及び同様の方法によって生成することができる。第2の方法の材料は、機械加工、レーザ切断、スタンピング、エッチング、穿孔、放電加工、ウォータジェット切断、電子ビーム加工または同様の手段によって除去することができる。
b.積み重ねる方法:この方法によっても、連続または不連続なねじ山を作成することができる。層が積み重ねられるとき、各層における材料の「耳」がねじ山を形成する。これらは、機械加工、ホットスタンピング、熱間または冷間成形、ダイス/パンチ、化学エッチング、放電加工及び同様の方法によって作成することができる。
a.機械的な取り付け−プレス/締まりばめ、タブ。
b.オーバーモールド−堅い多孔性のもしくは強化ポリマのねじを堅いねじ山の内側で型成形する、または多孔性で堅いもしくは強化ポリマのねじ山を既に成形されたねじの上に型成形する。
c.接着剤または溶剤結合。
製造方法の任意のものを用いて、カニューレの有無に関わらずねじを作成することができる。
1.カニューレが挿入されるもの
a.巻く方法 この方法では、材料を、ねじの軸に沿って延び、ねじの中心に位置する心棒の周りに巻き付けることが望ましい場合がある。この心棒は、開放されたカニューレを残すように取り外すことができる。
b.層状化される方法 層が互いに積み重ねられるとカニューレを形成するように、各層の軸に中心孔が作成される。
a.巻かれる方法
i.シートは心棒に結合することも可能であり、心棒はインプラントの一部を形成する。この心棒は、硬くするもしくは多孔性とすることができ、またPEEKもしくはチタンなど、任意の移植可能な材料のものとすることができる。
ii.さらに、材料を取り外し可能な心棒の周りに形成し、カニューレを作成することができる。次いでこのカニューレは、ねじに付着/結合される生体適合材料で満たすことができる。
b.層状化される方法 積み重ねられてねじを生成する層は、カニューレを生成する孔の適所に堅い材料を有することができる。あるいは、層はカニューレを生成する切除部を有することができ、このカニューレは、ねじに付着/結合される生体適合材料で満たすことができる。
Claims (21)
- 整形外科用装置において、
頭部、先端部及び少なくとも1つのねじ山を含み、リザーバ及び前記リザーバと流体的に接続された複数の多孔性帯部を有するねじであって、前記ねじは複数の領域を含み、前記複数の領域のうちの少なくとも1つに前記複数の多孔性帯部があり、前記複数の多孔性帯部は前記リザーバから前記ねじの外周面まで延び、前記複数の多孔性帯部は前記ねじの少なくとも1つの非多孔性領域で分けられ、組織に移植されると、治療薬を前記リザーバから前記複数の多孔性帯部を通って周りの前記組織に送達するように構成された、ねじを備えた整形外科用装置。 - 請求項1に記載の整形外科用装置において、
前記ねじは、移植可能なポリマ、金属及びセラミックスのうちの少なくとも1つである整形外科用装置。 - 請求項2に記載の整形外科用装置において、
前記移植可能なポリマは、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン(PEEK)、ポリエーテルケトン(PEK)、ポリアリールエーテルケトン(PAEK)、ポリエチレン、ポリ乳酸(PLA)及びポリグリコール酸(PGA)のうちの1つである整形外科用装置。 - 請求項1に記載の整形外科用装置において、
前記複数の領域は少なくとも1つの中実の領域を含む整形外科用装置。 - 請求項4に記載の整形外科用装置において、
前記少なくとも1つの中実の領域は、前記頭部、前記先端部、及び前記少なくとも1つのねじ山の外側部分のうちの少なくとも1つである整形外科用装置。 - 請求項4に記載の整形外科用装置において、
前記中実の領域は、移植可能なポリマ、強化ポリマ及び金属のうちの1つである整形外科用装置。 - 請求項1に記載の整形外科用装置において、
前記少なくとも1つのねじ山は、連続及び不連続のうちの一方である整形外科用装置。 - 請求項1に記載の整形外科用装置において、
前記少なくとも1つのねじ山は、単一リードのねじ山及び複数リードのねじ山のうちの一方である整形外科用装置。 - 請求項1に記載の整形外科用装置において、
前記多孔性帯部は複数の孔を含み、前記複数の孔は、異なる大きさ及び異なる形状のうちの少なくとも一方である整形外科用装置。 - 請求項1に記載の整形外科用装置において、
前記治療薬は、ヒドロキシアパタイト、薬品及び生物製剤のうちの1つである整形外科用装置。 - 整形外科用装置において、
治療薬と、
頭部、先端部及び少なくとも1つのねじ山を含み、リザーバ及び前記リザーバと流体的に接続された複数の多孔性帯部を有するねじであって、前記複数の多孔性帯部は前記リザーバから前記ねじの外周面まで延び、前記複数の多孔性帯部は前記ねじの少なくとも1つの非多孔性領域で分けられ、組織に移植されると、前記治療薬を前記リザーバから前記複数の多孔性帯部を通って周りの前記組織に送達するように構成された、ねじとを備えた整形外科用装置。 - 請求項11に記載の整形外科用装置において、
前記治療薬は、ヒドロキシアパタイト、薬品及び生物製剤のうちの1つである整形外科用装置。 - 請求項11に記載の整形外科用装置において、
前記治療薬を前記ねじに注入するように構成された自己封止式ダイアフラムをさらに備えた整形外科用装置。 - 請求項11に記載の整形外科用装置において、
前記治療薬の送達後、前記ねじを封止するように構成された取り外し可能な自己封止式キャップをさらに備えた整形外科用装置。 - 請求項11に記載の整形外科用装置において、
ポート及びカテーテルをさらに備え、前記ねじは、前記ポートを通して前記治療薬を受け入れるように構成された整形外科用装置。 - 請求項11に記載の整形外科用装置において、
前記ねじは、カニューレが挿入されているもの、及びカニューレが挿入されていないもののうちの一方である整形外科用装置。 - 整形外科用装置において、
放射線不透過性マーカを含み、かつ頭部、先端部及び少なくとも1つのねじ山を含み、リザーバ及び前記リザーバと流体的に接続された複数の多孔性帯部を有するねじであって、前記複数の多孔性帯部は前記リザーバから前記ねじの外周面まで延び、前記複数の多孔性帯部は前記ねじの少なくとも1つの非多孔性領域で分けられ、組織に移植されると、治療薬を前記リザーバから前記複数の多孔性帯部を通って周りの前記組織に送達するように構成された、ねじを備えた整形外科用装置。 - 請求項17に記載の整形外科用装置において、
前記放射線不透過性マーカは、ステンレス鋼、チタンまたはチタン合金、硫酸バリウムを含むポリエーテルエーテルケトン(PEEK)、カーボンを含むPEEK、ならびに硫酸バリウム及び二酸化ジルコニウムのうちの1つを含むポリマのうちの1つである整形外科用装置。 - 請求項17に記載の整形外科用装置において、
前記放射線不透過性マーカは、ピン、前記頭部、前記先端部及び前記少なくとも1つのねじ山のうちの少なくとも1つである整形外科用装置。 - 請求項17に記載の整形外科用装置において、
前記ねじは複数の層をさらに備えた整形外科用装置。 - 請求項20に記載の整形外科用装置において、
前記複数の層のうちの少なくとも1つは前記放射線不透過性マーカである整形外科用装置。
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| EP (1) | EP2339973B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5774989B2 (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2734254C (ja) |
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2009
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2339973B1 (en) | 2017-10-18 |
| JP2012511334A (ja) | 2012-05-24 |
| US20130253473A1 (en) | 2013-09-26 |
| CA2734254C (en) | 2018-06-05 |
| ES2647919T3 (es) | 2017-12-27 |
| US8475505B2 (en) | 2013-07-02 |
| CA2734254A1 (en) | 2010-02-18 |
| US20100042167A1 (en) | 2010-02-18 |
| EP2339973A1 (en) | 2011-07-06 |
| WO2010019788A1 (en) | 2010-02-18 |
| US8702767B2 (en) | 2014-04-22 |
| EP2339973A4 (en) | 2015-06-17 |
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