JP5873604B2 - 治療剤送達処方物のための脂質 - Google Patents
治療剤送達処方物のための脂質 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本願は、2012年6月8日に出願された米国仮出願第61/657,480号の利益を主張し、当該出願は、本明細書においてその全体において参考として援用される。
説明は、治療剤の送達を増強するためのイオン化可能な脂質に関する。
多くの技術が、治療剤、例えば、siRNA、核酸などを細胞中へを送達するために利用可能である。これらの技術は、ウイルス的および非ウイルス的なトランスフェクション系を含む。非ウイルス的トランスフェクション系として、例えば、ポリマー、脂質、リポソーム、ミセル、デンドリマーおよびナノ材料が挙げられる。細胞トランスフェクションのために研究されてきたポリマーとして、カチオン性ポリマー、例えばポリ(L−リジン)(「PLL」)、ポリエチレンイミン(「PEI」)、キトサンおよびポリ(2−ジメチルアミノ)エチルメタクリレート(「pDMAEMA」)などが挙げられる。
本説明は、式I:
で表されるイオン化可能な脂質化合物、あるいはその薬学的に受容可能な塩形態に関する。式Iで表される化合物を用いる組成物、医薬処方物、薬物キャリア、および方法もまた、記載される。
本説明は、イオン化可能な脂質化合物、ならびに、細胞、組織および生体へ治療剤を送達することにおけるそれらの使用に関する。
nおよびmは、独立して、1、2、3または4であり;
R1およびR2は、独立して、C10−18アルキルまたはC12−18アルケニルであり;
Xは、−CH2−、S、O、Nであるか、または存在せず;
Lは、C1−4アルキレン;−S−C1−4アルキレン;−O−C1−4アルキレン;−O−C(O)−C1−4アルキレン;
−S(O)2−C1−4アルキレン;または
で表されるイオン化可能な脂質化合物、あるいはその薬学的に受容可能な塩形態である。
以下の用語は、本明細書を通して用いられる。
の化合物、ならびにその鏡像異性体およびジアステレオマーが挙げられる。
((2−(ジメチルアミノ)アセチル)アザンジイル)ビス(プロパン−3,1−ジイル)ジテトラデカノアート(i-Pr-DC)の調製
(i-Pr-DODC)
i-Et-DODC
[i-Prop-DODC(本明細書においてまたPr104-DOとしても言及される)]
96ウェルプレート中のPHSCを、イオン化可能な脂質処方物C104、イオン化可能な脂質処方物Tu104、または異なる比のイオン化可能な脂質(C104:Tu104)を有する組み合わせ処方物のいずれかからなる処方物と共にインキュベートした。30分後、培地をフレッシュな増殖培地で置き換えた。48時間後、細胞を溶解し、GP46およびGAPDHのmRNAレベルを、定量RT−PCR(TaqMan(登録商標))アッセイにより測定し、GP46レベルを、GAPDHレベルに対して正規化した。正規化されたGP46レベルを、モック対照細胞の%として表わした。エラーバーは、標準偏差を示す(n=3)。結果を、図1において表わす。結果が示すとおり、2つの本説明のイオン化可能な脂質の組み合わせは、相乗的な遺伝子発現の低下をもたらすことが観察された。
標的処方物のin vivoでの活性を、短期肝臓傷害モデル(Quick ModelまたはDMNQとして言及される)において評価した。このモデルにおいて、ジメチルニトロソアミン(DMN)などの肝臓傷害剤による処置により誘導される短期間の肝臓の傷害は、gp46のmRNAレベルの上昇を伴う。これらの変化を誘導するために、オスのSprague-Dawleyラットに、6日間連続して、腹腔内でDMNを注射した。DMN処置期間の終了時に、動物を、個々の動物の体重に基づいて、群に無作為化した。最後のDMNの注射の1時間後に、処方物を単一のIV用量として投与した。24時間後、肝葉を切除し、gp46およびMRPL19の両方のmRNAレベルを、定量RT−PCR(TaqMan)アッセイにより決定した。gp46についてのmRNAレベルを、MRPL19のレベルに対して正規化した。結果を、図4において表わす。イオン化可能:カチオン性脂質の幾つかの組み合わせは、単一の、動物の体重1kgあたり0.5mgの、被包されたsiRNAの用量について、50%の遺伝子発現の低下を達成した。
本説明の処方物中への20モル%のS104の添加は、HepG2細胞傷害性アッセイにおいて、細胞の生存率を27%から52%へと改善した。
ヒト肝細胞癌に由来する接着細胞株であるHepG2細胞を、10%のFBS(Hyclone, Logan, Utah Cat# SH30910)を補充したMEM/EBSS(Hyclone, Logan, Utah, Cat# SH30024.01)中で培養した。HepG2細胞を、96ウェルOptiluxブラックプレート(BD Falcon, Cat # BD353220)中に、5000細胞/ウェルにおいて、一晩播種した。各ウェルに、最終の示されたsiRNA濃度まで、処方物を添加した(n=3)。処方物添加の48時間後において、CellTiter−Glo発光細胞生存率アッセイキット(Promega, Cat #G7572)を製造者の指示に従って用いて、細胞の生存率を決定した。化学発光シグナルを、Clarity発光マイクロプレートリーダー(502-Biotek, Winooski, Vermont)において測定した。モック処置されたウェルに対して正規化された、処方物で処置したウェル中の化学発光シグナルの%に基づいて、生存率を計算した。
本説明のHEDC:S104(20:20)の処方物は、毒性学研究において示されるとおり、極めて良好に耐容された。処方物を、ラットおよびサルにおいて、それぞれ25mg/kgおよび12mg/kgまでの用量において静脈内注射した場合、毒性は観察されなかった。これは、当業者により、優れたものと考えられる。
トランスフェクション方法は、LX−2およびpHSCについて同じである。本方法のリポソーム処方物またはリポプレックス処方物を、所望される濃度において、増殖培地と混合する。100μlの混合物を、96ウェルプレート中の細胞に添加し、細胞を30分間、37℃で、インキュベーター中で、5%のCO2と共に、インキュベートした。30分後、培地をフレッシュな増殖培地で置き換えた。トランスフェクションの48時間後、Cell-to-Ct溶解試薬(Applied Biosystems)を、製造者の指示に従って用いて、細胞を処理した。
HSP47およびGAPDH TaqMan(登録商標)アッセイ、ならびにOne-Step RT-PCRマスターミックスを、Applied Biosystemsから購入した。各々のPCR反応は、以下の組成物を含んだ:One-step RT-PCRミックス5μl、TaqMan(登録商標)RT酵素ミックス0.25μl、TaqMan(登録商標)遺伝子発現アッセイプローブ(HSP47)0.25μl、TaqMan(登録商標)遺伝子発現アッセイプローブ(GAPDH)0.5μl、RNaseフリー水3.25μl、細胞ライセート0.75μl、10μlの合計容積。GAPDHを、HSP47のmRNAレベルの相対的定量化のための内在対照として用いた。定量RT−PCRは、Viia 7リアルタイムPCRシステム(Applied Biosciences)において行った。全ての値を、モックトランスフェクトされた細胞の平均HSP47発現に対して正規化し、モックと比較したHSP47発現の%として表わした。
Claims (43)
- 式I:
式中、
nおよびmは、独立して、1、2、3または4である;
R1およびR2は、独立して、C10−18アルキルまたはC12−18アルケニルである;
Xは、−CH2−、S、O、Nであるか、または存在しない;
Lは、C1−4アルキレン、−S−C1−4アルキレン、−O−C1−4アルキレン、−O−C(O)−C1−4アルキレン、−S(O)2−C1−4アルキレン、または
である;
ここで、
XはSである;あるいは、
Lは、−S−C 1−4 アルキレン、−O−C(O)−C 1−4 アルキレン、−S(O) 2 −C 1−4 アルキレン、または
である;で表されるイオン化可能な脂質化合物、またはその薬学的に受容可能な塩。 - nおよびmが1である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- nおよびmが2である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- Xが存在しない、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- LがC1−4アルキレンである、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- Lが、−CH2−、−CH2−CH2−、−CH2−CH2CH2−および−CH2−CH2CH2CH2−からなる群より選択される、請求項5に記載の化合物。
- Lが、
である、請求項1に記載の化合物。 - Lが、
である、請求項7に記載の化合物。 - Xが−CH2−である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- Lが−S−C1−4アルキレンである、請求項9に記載の化合物。
- Lが−S−CH2−または−S−CH2−CH2−である、請求項10に記載の化合物。
- Lが−S(O)2−C1−4アルキレンである、請求項9に記載の化合物。
- Lが−S(O)2−CH2−CH2−である、請求項12に記載の化合物。
- Lが−O−C1−4アルキレンである、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- Lが−O−CH2−CH2−または−O−CH2−CH2−CH2−である、請求項14に記載の化合物。
- Lが−O−C(O)−C1−4アルキレンである、請求項9に記載の化合物。
- Lが−O−C(O)−CH2−CH2−CH2−である、請求項16に記載の化合物。
- XがSである、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- XがOである、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- R1およびR2が各々C10−18アルキルである、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- R1およびR2が各々C13アルキルである、請求項20に記載の化合物。
- R1およびR2が各々C12−18アルケニルである、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- R1およびR2が各々C13−17アルケニルである、請求項22に記載の化合物。
- R1およびR2が各々オレイルまたはリノレイルである、請求項23に記載の化合物。
- 脂質分子の二重層を含むリポソーム中に、請求項1〜24のいずれか一項に記載の化合物を含む、組成物。
- 化合物が、脂質分子のうちの5〜50モル%である、請求項25に記載の組成物。
- 請求項1〜24のいずれか一項に記載の2つの化合物を含み、ここで該2つの化合物のモル比が約10:30〜約30:10である、請求項26に記載の組成物。
- カチオン性脂質をさらに含む、請求項25〜27のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- カチオン性脂質が、
である、請求項28に記載の組成物。 - カチオン性脂質が、脂質分子のうちの5〜40モル%である、請求項28または29に記載の組成物。
- 請求項1〜24のいずれか一項に記載の化合物とカチオン性脂質とのモル比が約5:35〜約35:5である、請求項30に記載の組成物。
- 液体媒質をさらに含む、請求項25〜31のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 液体媒質が、生物中への注射のために好適である、請求項32に記載の組成物。
- 液体媒質が有機溶媒を含む、請求項32に記載の組成物。
- 液体媒質が水および有機溶媒を含む、請求項32に記載の組成物。
- 非水性の媒質をさらに含む、請求項25〜31のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 少なくとも1のリン脂質をさらに含む、請求項25〜36のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 少なくとも1のPEG抱合型脂質をさらに含む、請求項25〜37のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 請求項25〜38のいずれか一項に記載の組成物と、構造(レチノイド)n−リンカー−(レチノイド)n(ここでn=0、1、2または3であり、リンカーは、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG)またはPEG様分子を含む)からなる、星細胞特異的な量の標的化分子とを含む、星細胞特異的薬物キャリア。
- siRNA分子をさらに含む、請求項39に記載の薬物キャリア。
- 請求項39または40に記載の薬物キャリアと、薬学的に受容可能なキャリアまたは希釈剤とを含む、医薬処方物。
- siRNAがリポソームにより被包されている、請求項41に記載の医薬処方物。
- 患者に薬物を送達するための、請求項41または42に記載の医薬処方物。
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