JP5979227B2 - 車両 - Google Patents
車両 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5979227B2 JP5979227B2 JP2014514289A JP2014514289A JP5979227B2 JP 5979227 B2 JP5979227 B2 JP 5979227B2 JP 2014514289 A JP2014514289 A JP 2014514289A JP 2014514289 A JP2014514289 A JP 2014514289A JP 5979227 B2 JP5979227 B2 JP 5979227B2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
- B60L53/35—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles
- B60L53/38—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles specially adapted for charging by inductive energy transfer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
- H01F27/30—Fastening or clamping coils, windings, or parts thereof together; Fastening or mounting coils or windings on core, casing, or other support
- H01F27/306—Fastening or mounting coils or windings on core, casing or other support
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
- B60L53/122—Circuits or methods for driving the primary coil, e.g. supplying electric power to the coil
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
- B60L53/126—Methods for pairing a vehicle and a charging station, e.g. establishing a one-to-one relation between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
- H01F38/14—Inductive couplings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
- H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/70—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
- B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
- B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
- B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
- B60Y2200/92—Hybrid vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2105/00—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2105/30—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load the load networks being external to vehicles, i.e. exchanging power with vehicles
- H02J2105/33—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load the load networks being external to vehicles, i.e. exchanging power with vehicles exchanging power with road vehicles
- H02J2105/37—Networks for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by their spatial reach or by the load the load networks being external to vehicles, i.e. exchanging power with vehicles exchanging power with road vehicles exchanging power with electric vehicles [EV] or with hybrid electric vehicles [HEV]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
- H04B5/20—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems characterised by the transmission technique; characterised by the transmission medium
- H04B5/24—Inductive coupling
- H04B5/26—Inductive coupling using coils
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
- H04B5/70—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes
- H04B5/79—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes for data transfer in combination with power transfer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)
- Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Description
好ましくは、上記乗員を収容する乗員収容室の開口部を開閉するドアをさらに備える。上記コイルは、ドアよりも進行方向前方側または進行方向後方側の少なくとも一方に設けられる。
(実施の形態1)
図1は、本実施の形態に係る受電装置と、送電装置と、電力伝送システムとを模式的に示す模式図である。
DC/DCコンバータ14は、整流器13から供給された直流電流の電圧を調整して、バッテリ15に供給する。なお、DC/DCコンバータ14は必須の構成ではなく省略してもよい。この場合には、外部給電装置51にインピーダンスを整合するための整合器を送電装置50と高周波電力ドライバ54との間に設けることで、DC/DCコンバータ14の代用をすることができる。
f2=1/{2π(Lr×C2)1/2}・・・(2)
ここで、インダクタンスLrおよびキャパシタンスC1,C2を固定して、インダクタンスLtのみを変化させた場合において、送電部93および受電部96の固有周波数のズレと、電力伝送効率との関係を図16に示す。なお、このシミュレーションにおいては、コイル94およびコイル99の相対的な位置関係は固定した状態であって、さらに、送電部93に供給される電流の周波数は一定である。
図16からも明らかなように、固有周波数のズレ(%)が±0%の場合には、電力伝送効率は、100%近くとなる。固有周波数のズレ(%)が±5%の場合には、電力伝送効率は、40%となる。固有周波数のズレ(%)が±10%の場合には、電力伝送効率は、10%となる。固有周波数のズレ(%)が±15%の場合には、電力伝送効率は、5%となる。すなわち、固有周波数のズレ(%)の絶対値(固有周波数の差)が、受電部96の固有周波数の10%以下の範囲となるように各送電部および受電部の固有周波数を設定することで電力伝送効率を高めることができることがわかる。さらに、固有周波数のズレ(%)の絶対値が受電部96の固有周波数の5%以下となるように、各送電部および受電部の固有周波数を設定することで電力伝送効率をより高めることができることがわかる。なお、シミュレーションソフトとしては、電磁界解析ソフトウェア(JMAG(登録商標):株式会社JSOL製)を採用している。
図1において、第1コイル58には、高周波電力ドライバ54から交流電力が供給される。この際、第1コイル58を流れる交流電流の周波数が特定の周波数となるように電力が供給されている。
ここで、図14において、第2コイル22は、巻回軸O1が幅方向D2に延びるように、配置されている。図14に示す中心線O2は、電動車両10の幅方向D2の中央部に位置すると共に、電動車両10の前後方向に延びる仮想線である。ここで、電動車両10の前後方向の距離を距離L1とする。また、底面76と、巻回軸O1とを電動車両10の上方からみたときに、底面76内に位置する巻回軸O1の長さを長さL2とする。図14から明らかなように、長さL2は、距離L1よりも短い。巻回軸O1は、後輪19Rおよび後輪19Lを通る。
図25から図27を用いて、本実施の形態2に係る電動車両10について説明する。なお、図25から図27に示す構成のうち、上記図1から図24に示す構成と同一または相当する構成については、同一の符号を付してその説明を省略する場合がある。図25は、本実施の形態2に係る電動車両10を示す左側面図であり、図26は、電動車両10の右側面図である。図27は、電動車両10を模式的に示す平面図である。
図28から図31を用いて、本実施の形態3に係る電動車両10について説明する。なお、図28から図31に示す構成のうち、上記図1から図27に示す構成と同一または相当する構成については、同一の符号を付してその説明を省略する場合がある。
図32から図38を用いて、本実施の形態4に係る電動車両10について説明する。なお、図32から図38に示す構成のうち、上記図1から図31に示す構成と同一または相当する構成については、同一の符号を付してその説明を省略する場合がある。
図39から図43を用いて、本実施の形態27に係る電動車両10について説明する。なお、図39から図43に示す構成のうち、上記図1から図38に示す構成と同一または相当する構成については、同一の符号を付してその説明を省略する場合がある。
Claims (11)
- 外部に設けられた送電部から非接触で電力を受電するコイルと、
底面とを備えた車両であって、
前記コイルは、前記コイルの巻回軸の周囲を取り囲むように形成され、
前記車両の上方から前記巻回軸と前記底面とをみると、前記底面内に位置する前記巻回軸の長さが前記車両の前後方向の長さよりも短くなるように前記コイルが配置され、
前記車両の幅方向に配列する第1車輪と第2車輪とをさらに備え、
前記コイルは、前記巻回軸が前記第1車輪と前記第2車輪とを通るように配置された、車両。 - 前記コイルは、前記巻回軸が前記車両の幅方向に延びるように配置された、請求項1に記載の車両。
- 乗員を収容する乗員収容室の開口部を開閉するドアをさらに備え、前記コイルは、前記ドアよりも進行方向前方側または進行方向後方側の少なくとも一方に設けられた、請求項1に記載の車両。
- エネルギを供給する供給部が接続される接続部をさらに備え、
前記接続部は、前記車両の側面のうち、前記第1車輪の上方に位置する部分と、前記第2車輪の上方に位置する部分との少なくとも一方に設けられた、請求項3に記載の車両。 - 前記コイルは、底面側に設けられた、請求項1に記載の車両。
- 前記車両の上方から前記コイルをみると、前記車両の幅方向の中央部を通り前記車両の前後方向に延びる中心線は、前記コイルを通る、請求項1に記載の車両。
- 前記コイルは、第1コイルと、第2コイルとを含み、
前記第1コイルと、前記第2コイルとは、前記巻回軸の延びる方向に互いに間隔をあけて配置された、請求項1に記載の車両。 - 外部に設けられた送電部から非接触で電力を受電するコイルと、
底面とを備えた車両であって、
前記コイルは、前記コイルの巻回軸の周囲を取り囲むように形成され、
前記車両の上方から前記巻回軸と前記底面とをみると、前記底面内に位置する前記巻回軸の長さが前記車両の前後方向の長さよりも短くなるように前記コイルが配置され、
前記コイルは、第1巻回軸の周囲を取り囲むように形成された第3コイルと、
前記第1巻回軸の周囲を取り囲むように形成されると共に、前記第3コイルと間隔をあけて配置された第4コイルと、
第2巻回軸の周囲を取り囲むように形成された第5コイルと、
前記第2巻回軸の周囲を取り囲むように形成されると共に、前記第5コイルと間隔をあけて配置された第6コイルと、
を含み、
前記車両の上方から前記第1巻回軸と前記第2巻回軸と前記底面とをみると、前記底面内に位置する前記第1巻回軸の長さと、前記底面内に位置する前記第2巻回軸の長さとはいずれもが前記車両の前後方向の長さよりも短い、車両。 - 前記コイルを含む受電部を有し、前記送電部の固有周波数と前記受電部の固有周波数との差は、前記受電部の固有周波数の10%以下である、請求項1に記載の車両。
- 前記コイルを含む受電部を有し、
前記受電部と前記送電部との結合係数は、0.1以下である、請求項1に記載の車両。 - 前記コイルを含む受電部を有し、
前記受電部は、前記受電部と前記送電部の間に形成され、かつ特定の周波数で振動する磁界と、前記受電部と前記送電部の間に形成され、かつ特定の周波数で振動する電界との少なくとも一方を通じて前記送電部から電力を受電する、請求項1に記載の車両。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2012/061829 WO2013168240A1 (ja) | 2012-05-09 | 2012-05-09 | 車両 |
| JP2016100333A JP6213611B2 (ja) | 2012-05-09 | 2016-05-19 | 車両 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2016100333A Division JP6213611B2 (ja) | 2012-05-09 | 2016-05-19 | 車両 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2013168240A1 JPWO2013168240A1 (ja) | 2015-12-24 |
| JP5979227B2 true JP5979227B2 (ja) | 2016-08-24 |
Family
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Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014514289A Active JP5979227B2 (ja) | 2012-05-09 | 2012-05-09 | 車両 |
| JP2016100333A Active JP6213611B2 (ja) | 2012-05-09 | 2016-05-19 | 車両 |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2016100333A Active JP6213611B2 (ja) | 2012-05-09 | 2016-05-19 | 車両 |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US20150136499A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2848454A4 (ja) |
| JP (2) | JP5979227B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR101697418B1 (ja) |
| CN (2) | CN107415764B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2013168240A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (28)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104884295B (zh) | 2012-05-09 | 2018-01-12 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | 车辆 |
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-
2012
- 2012-05-09 KR KR1020147033890A patent/KR101697418B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-05-09 US US14/395,732 patent/US20150136499A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-05-09 WO PCT/JP2012/061829 patent/WO2013168240A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2012-05-09 JP JP2014514289A patent/JP5979227B2/ja active Active
- 2012-05-09 CN CN201710812344.6A patent/CN107415764B/zh active Active
- 2012-05-09 EP EP12876181.4A patent/EP2848454A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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|---|---|
| KR20150015490A (ko) | 2015-02-10 |
| EP2848454A4 (en) | 2015-12-09 |
| CN107415764B (zh) | 2020-09-29 |
| US10960770B2 (en) | 2021-03-30 |
| JPWO2013168240A1 (ja) | 2015-12-24 |
| CN107415764A (zh) | 2017-12-01 |
| US20190031033A1 (en) | 2019-01-31 |
| US20150136499A1 (en) | 2015-05-21 |
| JP6213611B2 (ja) | 2017-10-18 |
| CN104271384A (zh) | 2015-01-07 |
| EP2848454A1 (en) | 2015-03-18 |
| WO2013168240A1 (ja) | 2013-11-14 |
| CN104271384B (zh) | 2017-10-10 |
| JP2016187298A (ja) | 2016-10-27 |
| KR101697418B1 (ko) | 2017-01-17 |
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