JP7515087B2 - 無機構造体及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
無機構造体及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本実施形態の無機構造体1は、図1に示すように、複数の無機粒子2を含んでいる。そして、隣接する無機粒子2が結合部3を介して互いに結合することにより、無機粒子2が集合してなる無機構造体1を形成している。
次に、無機構造体1,1Aの製造方法について説明する。無機構造体は、複数の無機粒子と、非晶質である複数の二酸化ケイ素粒子と、金属元素を含む水溶液とを混合することにより、混合物を得る工程と、当該混合物を加圧及び加熱する工程と、により製造することができる。なお、以下、「金属元素を含む水溶液」を「金属含有水溶液」ともいう。
次に、無機構造体1を備える部材について説明する。無機構造体1は、上述のように、厚みの大きな板状とすることができ、さらに緻密であるため化学的安定性にも優れている。また、無機構造体1は、機械的強度が高く、一般的なセラミックス部材と同様に切断することができると共に、表面加工することもできる。そのため、無機構造体1は、建築部材として好適に用いることができる。建築部材としては特に限定されないが、例えば、外壁材(サイディング)、屋根材などを挙げることができる。また、建築部材としては、道路用材料、外溝用材料も挙げることができる。
(実施例1-1)
まず、ジルコン粉末(ケイ酸ジルコニウム粉末(ZrSiO4)、富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社製)と、非晶質であるシリカ粉末(フュームドシリカ、日本アエロジル株式会社製AEROSIL(登録商標))とを準備した。次いで、ジルコン粉末0.5gとシリカ粉末0.1778gとを、メノウ乳鉢とメノウ乳棒を用い、アセトンを加えて混合することにより、混合粉末を得た。なお、当該混合粉末において、ジルコン粉末とシリカ粉末の体積比率(vol%)は、57:43(ZrSiO4:SiO2)であった。
結晶構造を確認するために、ジルコン粉末を含まない試験サンプルを作製した。まず、内部空間を有する円筒状の成形用金型(Φ10)の内部に、実施例1-1と同じシリカ粉末0.2gを投入した。さらに、成形用金型の内部に、実施例1-1で調製したオキシ酢酸ジルコニウム水溶液300μlを添加し、プラスチック製のスパチュラで混合した。
(結晶構造解析)
粉末X線回折(XRD)装置を用いて、試験サンプル1-2及び1-3を粉砕した粉末のXRDパターンを測定した。図4では、ICSDに登録されたジルコンのXRDパターン、ジルコン粉末を含まない試験サンプル1-2及び1-3のXRDパターン、並びにサンプルホルダのXRDパターンを示す。
実施例1-1で作製した円柱状の試験サンプル1-1を割断した断面を、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)を用いて観察した。なお、試験サンプル1-1の観察面には、金のスパッタリングを施した。図5(a)では、試験サンプル1-1を2000倍に拡大したSEM像を示し、図5(b)では、試験サンプル1-1を10000倍に拡大したSEM像を示した。また、参考までに、図5(c)では、2000倍に拡大したジルコン粉末のSEM像を示し、図5(d)では、10000倍に拡大したジルコン粉末のSEM像を示した。
まず、円柱状である実施例1-1の試験サンプル1-1の断面に、クロスセクションポリッシャー加工(CP加工)を施した。次に、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)を用い、試験サンプル1-1の断面について、50000倍の倍率で反射電子像を観察した。試験サンプル1-1の断面の3か所(位置1~3)を観察することにより得られた反射電子像を、図6(a),図6(b),図6(c)に示す。観察した反射電子像において、白色部22がジルコン、灰色部23がケイ素含有化合物、黒色部25が気孔である。
まず、マグネシア粉末(MgO、宇部マテリアルズ株式会社製)と、非晶質であるシリカ粉末(フュームドシリカ、日本アエロジル株式会社製AEROSIL)とを準備した。次いで、表1に示す割合で、マグネシア粉末とシリカ粉末とを、メノウ乳鉢とメノウ乳棒を用い、アセトンを加えて混合することにより、各例の混合粉末を得た。なお、実施例2-1の混合粉末において、マグネシア粉末(MgO)とシリカ粉末(SiO2)の体積比率(vol%)は、62:38(MgO:SiO2)であった。
(結晶構造解析)
粉末X線回折(XRD)装置を用いて、試験サンプル2-1を粉砕した粉末のXRDパターンを測定した。図8では、ICSDに登録されたマグネシアのXRDパターン及び実施例2-1の試験サンプル2-1のXRDパターンを示す。
実施例2-1で作製した円柱状の試験サンプル2-1を割断した断面を、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)を用いて観察した。なお、試験サンプル2-1の観察面には、金のスパッタリングを施した。図9(a)では、試験サンプル2-1を300倍に拡大したSEM像を示す。また、参考までに、図9(b)では、300倍に拡大したマグネシア粉末のSEM像を示す。
まず、円柱状である実施例2-1の試験サンプル2-1の断面に、クロスセクションポリッシャー加工(CP加工)を施した。次に、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)を用い、試験サンプル2-1の断面について、50000倍の倍率で反射電子像を観察した。試験サンプル2-1の断面の3か所(位置1~3)を観察することにより得られた反射電子像を、図13(a),図13(b),図13(c)に示す。観察した反射電子像において、白色部32がマグネシア、灰色部33がケイ素含有化合物、黒色部35が気孔である。
実施例2-1の試験サンプル2-1、実施例2-2の試験サンプル2-2、実施例2-3の試験サンプル2-3の熱伝導率を、JIS R1611(ファインセラミックスのフラッシュ法による熱拡散率・比熱容量・熱伝導率の測定方法)に準拠して測定した。各試験サンプルの熱伝導率を表2に示す。表2に示すように、本例の試験サンプル2-1,2-2,2-3は2.0W/m・K以上の高い熱伝導率を示し、実施例2-3の試験サンプル2-3は5.5W/m・Kと特に高い熱伝導率を示した。そのため、表1及び表2より、マグネシアの割合を高めることにより、無機構造体の熱伝導率を高められることが分かる。
2 無機粒子
3 結合部
4 微粒子
11 無機粒子
12 二酸化ケイ素粒子
13 金属元素を含む水溶液
Claims (7)
- 複数の無機粒子と、
前記無機粒子の表面を覆い、前記無機粒子の間を結合する結合部と、
を備え、
前記結合部は、ケイ素と酸素と一種以上の金属元素とを含む非晶質化合物と、平均粒子径が100nm以下の微粒子と、を含有し、
前記無機粒子は単純金属酸化物又は複合金属酸化物からなり、前記単純金属酸化物に含まれる金属元素は一種であり、前記複合金属酸化物に含まれる金属元素は二種以上であり、
前記微粒子は、ケイ素と酸素とを含む化合物を含み、
前記無機粒子と前記結合部とが同じ金属元素を含み、
前記無機粒子は、ケイ酸ジルコニウム、酸化マグネシウム、又はジルコン酸バリウムからなる粒子であり、
前記無機粒子がケイ酸ジルコニウムからなる粒子である場合には前記結合部はケイ素と酸素とジルコニウムとを含み、前記無機粒子が酸化マグネシウムからなる粒子である場合には前記結合部はケイ素と酸素とマグネシウムとを含み、前記無機粒子がジルコン酸バリウムからなる粒子である場合には前記結合部はケイ素と酸素とバリウムとを含み、
気孔率が20%以下である、無機構造体。 - 前記無機粒子の体積割合が前記結合部の体積割合よりも大きい、請求項1に記載の無機構造体。
- 前記結合部は、前記非晶質化合物を構成する前記金属元素を含む結晶質化合物をさらに含有する、請求項1又は2に記載の無機構造体。
- 前記無機粒子は結晶質である、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の無機構造体。
- 厚みが500μm以上である、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の無機構造体。
- 前記無機粒子は、ケイ酸ジルコニウム、又は酸化マグネシウムからなる粒子である、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の無機構造体。
- 請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の無機構造体の製造方法であって、
複数の無機粒子と、非晶質であり、粒子径が100nm以下である複数の二酸化ケイ素粒子と、金属元素を含む酢酸塩の水溶液とを混合することにより、混合物を得る工程と、
前記混合物を、圧力が10~600MPaであり、かつ、温度が50~300℃である条件下で加圧及び加熱する工程と、
を有し、
無機粒子に含まれる金属元素と水溶液に含まれる金属元素が同じである、無機構造体の製造方法。
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