JP7673074B2 - R-Fe-B系焼結磁石のHR粒界拡散処理方法 - Google Patents
R-Fe-B系焼結磁石のHR粒界拡散処理方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
28wt%~33wt%のR(前記RはNdを含む少なくとも1種の希土類元素である)と、
0.83wt%~0.96wt%のBと、
0.3wt%~1.2wt%のM(前記MはAl、Cu、Ga、Bi、Sn、Pb、Inから選ばれる少なくとも1種である)と、
65.2wt%~70.5wt%のFe、又はFe及びCo(具体的には、Feの含有量は65.2wt%~70.5wt%となっていてもよいし、FeとCoとの2種の元素が互いに置換しかつそれらの含有量の合計は65.2wt%~70.5wt%となっていてもよい)と、を少なくとも含み、
前記HRがDy、Tb、Ho、Er、Tm、Y、Yb、Lu、Gdから選ばれる少なくとも1種であり、
前記R-Fe-B系焼結成形体は、磁化方向及び複数の表面を有し、磁化方向に垂直な表面を配向面とし、配向面を除く表面を非配向面とし、前記R-Fe-B系焼結成形体の少なくとも1つの非配向面にHRを含む拡散源を付与し、HRを前記R-Fe-B系焼結成形体に沿って磁化方向に垂直に粒界拡散させ、前記拡散源が付与された非配向面を拡散面とし、
前記拡散方向に沿って、拡散面からの距離が近い点ほどHR含有量が高く、拡散面からの距離が500μm以内の任意の2点におけるHR含有量の比は0.1~1.0である。ここで任意の2点におけるHR含有量の比を計算する際に、2点のうち該拡散面から最も距離が小さい点のHR含有量を比の分母とする。
磁気特性の評価工程:焼結磁石は、中国計量院のNIM-200C測定システムを用いて磁気特性の検出を行った。
成分測定:各成分は、高周波誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析法(ICP-OES)を用いて測定した。
酸素含有量は、ガス融解-赤外線吸収法によるガス分析装置を用いて測定した。
保磁力の温度係数(20℃~60℃):β=ΔH/ΔT×100% 単位:%/℃。
FE-EPMA(電界放出型電子プローブマイクロアナライザ)による検出限界は100ppm程度であり、FE-EPMA装置の最高分解能が3nmに達した。
焼結磁石における「点」のHR含有量の測定:FE-EPMAを用いて、「点」が存在する表面又は切断面の特定領域に作用して、領域内のHR含有量である、「点」のHR含有量を分析測定した。「点」が存在する表面又は切断面は、拡散方向に垂直な平面又は切断面であり、特定領域とは、長さが50μmの正方形領域であって、「点」が当該正方形領域の中点である。
測定点の選択は、焼結成形体が直方体をなし、6つの表面を有し、図2に示すように、A3、A4が磁化方向に垂直な配向面、A1、A2が磁化方向に平行な非配向面である。表面A1に拡散源が塗布され、A3に平行な方向に沿ってHRを拡散させるように熱処理される。点aは面A1の任意の1点であり、点dは面A1からの距離が500μmの点であって、点aと、点dとを結ぶ線が拡散方向と平行であり、点aと点dとを結ぶ線の1/3、2/3の位置を点b、点cとする。図3は拡散面に平行な面であり、点eは拡散面A1からの距離が100μmであって磁化方向の中間位置にあり、磁化方向において、点gは配向面A3からの距離が100μmであり、点fは点eと点gとの間の中点に位置する。図4に示すように、図中網掛部分は長さが50μmの正方形であり、正方形の中点が点aであり、正方形領域内のHR含有量をHRaとして測定した。
28wt%~33wt%のR(前記RはNdを含む少なくとも1種の希土類元素であり、具体的には、28wt%、29wt%、30wt%、31wt%、32wt%又は33wt%であってもよい)と、
0.83wt%~0.96wt%のB(具体的には、0.83wt%、0.88wt%、0.90wt%、0.92wt%、0.94wt%又は0.96wt%であってもよい)と、
0.3wt%~1.2wt%のM(具体的には、0.3wt%、0.5wt%、0.7wt%、0.8wt%、0.9wt%、1.0wt%、又は1.2wt%であってもよく、前記MはAl、Cu、Ga、Bi、Sn、Pb、Inから選ばれる少なくとも1種である)と、
65.2wt%~70.5wt%のFe、又はFe及びCo(具体的には、Feの含有量は65.2wt%~70.5wt%となっていてもよいし、FeとCoとの2種の元素が互いに置換しかつそれらの含有量の合計は65.2wt%~70.5wt%となっていてもよい)と、を少なくとも含み、
前記HRがDy、Tb、Ho、Er、Tm、Y、Yb、Lu、Gdから選ばれる少なくとも1種であり、
前記R-Fe-B系焼結成形体は、磁化方向及び複数の表面を有し、磁化方向に垂直な表面を配向面とし、配向面を除く表面を非配向面とし、前記R-Fe-B系焼結成形体の少なくとも1つの非配向面にHRを含む拡散源を付与し、HRを前記R-Fe-B系焼結成形体に沿って磁化方向に垂直に粒界拡散させ、前記拡散源が付与された非配向面を拡散面とし、
前記拡散方向に沿って、拡散面からの距離が近い点ほどHR含有量が高く、拡散面からの距離が500μm以内の任意の2点におけるHR含有量の比は0.1~1.0であり、具体的には、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9又は1.0であってもよく、両者の距離がほぼ重なる場合に、比は1.0である。ここで任意の2点におけるHR含有量の比を計算する際に、2点のうち該拡散面から最も距離が小さい点のHR含有量を比の分母とする。任意の2点は、2点を結ぶ線が拡散方向と平行であることを要求する。
溶解工程:配合した原料をアルミナ製の坩堝に入れ、高周波真空誘導溶解炉で10-2Paの真空中で1500℃の温度で真空溶解する。
鋳造工程:真空溶解後の溶解炉にArガスを導入してガス圧を5万Paとした後、単ロール急冷法を用いて鋳造し、102℃/秒の冷却速度で急冷合金を得、急冷合金を600℃で60分間保温熱処理し、その後室温まで冷却する。
水素粉砕工程:急冷合金を入れた水素粉砕炉を室温で真空引きし、次いで、水素粉砕炉内に純度が99.5%の水素ガスを圧力が0.1MPaになるまで導入し、2時間放置した後、真空引きしながら昇温し、500℃の温度で真空引きし、その後冷却し、水素粉砕後の粉末を取り出す。
微粉砕工程:酸化性ガス含有量が100ppm以下の窒素ガス雰囲気下に、水素粉砕後の粉末を、粉砕室の圧力が0.4MPaの圧力で2時間ジェットミル粉砕して微粉末を得る。酸化性ガスとは、酸素又は水分を意味する。
分級機を用いて、微粉砕後の微粉末の一部(微粉末の全重量の30%を占める)を分級し、粒径が1.0μm以下の粉粒体を除去し、分級した微粉末と、残りの分級していない微粉末とを混合した。混合後の微粉末は、粒径が1.0μm以下の粉末体積が全体の粉末体積の10%以下に減少した。
ジェットミル粉砕後の粉末に、混合後の粉末重量に対して0.2%となるようにカプリル酸メチルを添加し、V型ブレンダーで十分混合した。
磁場成形工程:直角配向型の磁場成形機を用いて、1.8Tの配向磁場において、0.4ton/cm2の成形圧力で、上記カプリル酸メチルを添加した粉末を、一辺が50mmの立方体に一次成形し、一次成形後に0.2Tの磁場で減磁する。
一次成形後の成形体が空気に触れないように密閉し、二次成形機(静水圧プレス成形機)を用いて1.4ton/cm2の圧力で二次成形を行った。
焼結工程:各成形体を焼結炉に搬送して焼結し、焼結は10-3Paの真空下で、200℃及び800℃の温度でそれぞれ2時間保持した後、1030℃の温度で2時間焼結し、その後Arガスを導入してガス圧を0.1MPaにした後、室温まで冷却して焼結成形体を得る。
加工工程:焼結成形体を内周刃切断又はワイヤカット放電加工により加工し、デバイスの寸法が18mm×39mm×50mmの直方体(50mmは磁化方向の長さである)になるように加工した。
粒界拡散処理:加工後の焼結成形体の4つの非配向面にTb水素化物の拡散源粉末を塗布し、真空雰囲気中で850℃の温度で10h保持し、加工後の焼結成形体に沿って磁化方向に垂直にTbを粒界拡散させる。
熱処理工程:粒界拡散後の焼結成形体を高純度Arガス中で、500℃の温度で1時間熱処理した後、室温まで冷却してから取り出し、Tb粒界拡散処理されたR-Fe-B系焼結磁石を得る。
後処理工程:拡散処理されたR-Fe-B系焼結磁石を磁化方向に沿って複数の直方体に切断し、加工した最終製品寸法が18mm×39mm×1.8mm(1.8mmは磁化方向の長さである)である。
溶解工程:配合した原料をアルミナ製の坩堝に入れ、高周波真空誘導溶解炉で10-3Paの真空中で1450℃の温度で真空溶解する。
鋳造工程:真空溶解後の溶解炉にArガスを導入してガス圧を3万Paとした後、単ロール急冷法を用いて鋳造し、104℃/秒の冷却速度で急冷合金を得、急冷合金を500℃で120分間保温熱処理し、その後室温まで冷却する。
水素粉砕工程:急冷合金を入れた水素粉砕炉を室温で真空引きし、次いで、水素粉砕炉内に純度が99.5%の水素ガスを圧力が0.08MPaになるまで導入し、2時間放置した後、真空引きしながら昇温し、650℃の温度で真空引きし、その後冷却し、水素粉砕後の粉末を取り出す。
微粉砕工程:酸化性ガス含有量が100ppm以下の窒素ガス雰囲気下に、水素粉砕後の粉末を、粉砕室の圧力が0.42MPaの圧力で100分間ジェットミル粉砕して微粉末を得る。
ジェットミル粉砕後の粉末に、混合後の粉末重量に対して0.2%となるようにステアリン酸亜鉛を添加し、V型ブレンダーで十分混合した。
磁場成形工程:直角配向型の磁場成形機を用いて、1.8Tの配向磁場において、0.4ton/cm2の成形圧力で、上記ステアリン酸亜鉛を添加した粉末を、一辺が50mmの立方体に一次成形し、一次成形後に0.2Tの磁場で減磁する。
一次成形後の成形体が空気に触れないように密閉し、二次成形機(静水圧プレス成形機)を用いて1.4ton/cm2の圧力で二次成形を行った。
焼結工程:各成形体を焼結炉に搬送して焼結し、焼結は10-3Paの真空下で、300℃及び600℃の温度でそれぞれ2時間保持した後、920℃の温度で2時間焼結し、その後Arガスを導入してガス圧を0.1MPaにした後、室温まで冷却して焼結成形体を得る。
加工工程:焼結成形体を内周刃切断又はワイヤカット放電加工により加工し、デバイスの寸法が18mm×39mm×50mmの直方体(50mmは配向方向の厚さである)になるように加工した。
粒界拡散処理:加工後の焼結成形体の4つの非配向面にTbを含む拡散源を付与し、真空雰囲気又はArガス雰囲気中で880℃の温度で8h保持し、加工後の焼結成形体に沿って磁化方向に垂直にTbを粒界拡散させる。拡散源の付与方法:Tbを含む拡散源が合金ターゲットであり、非配向面にTbを含む薄膜を物理気相成長法により堆積形成した。
熱処理工程:粒界拡散後の焼結成形体を高純度Arガス中で、600℃の温度で1時間熱処理した後、室温まで冷却してから取り出し、Tb粒界拡散処理されたR-Fe-B系焼結磁石を得る。
後処理工程:拡散処理されたR-Fe-B系焼結磁石を磁化方向に沿って複数の直方体に切断し、加工した最終製品寸法が18mm×39mm×1.8mm(1.8mmは配向方向の厚さである)である。
Claims (7)
- R-Fe-B系焼結成形体がHR粒界拡散処理されて得られたR-Fe-B系焼結磁石のHR粒界拡散処理方法であって、前記R-Fe-B系焼結成形体が、R 2 Fe 14 B型主相を含有するとともに、
28wt%~33wt%のR(前記RはNdを含む少なくとも1種の希土類元素である)と、
0.83wt%~0.96wt%のBと、
0.3wt%~1.2wt%のM(前記MはAl、Cu、Gaを含む)と、
65.2wt%~70.5wt%のFe、又はFe及びCoと、を少なくとも含み、
前記HRがDy、Tb、Ho、Er、Tm、Y、Yb、Lu、Gdから選ばれる少なくとも1種であり、
前記R-Fe-B系焼結成形体は、磁化方向及び複数の表面を有し、前記磁化方向に垂直な表面を配向面とし、前記配向面を除く表面を非配向面とし、
前記R-Fe-B系焼結成形体の少なくとも1つの非配向面にHRを含む拡散源を付与し、HRを前記R-Fe-B系焼結成形体に沿って前記磁化方向に垂直に粒界拡散させ、前記拡散源が付与された非配向面を拡散面とし、その後熱処理し、前記HR粒界拡散の前記拡散源が、HR-M合金であり、前記Mの含有量が2wt%以上30wt%以下であり、前記HR含有量が70wt%以上98wt%以下であり、
拡散方向に沿って、前記拡散面からの距離が近い点ほどHR含有量が高く、前記拡散面からの距離が500μm以内の任意の2点におけるHR含有量の比は0.1~1.0であることを特徴とする、R-Fe-B系焼結磁石のHR粒界拡散処理方法。 - 前記R-Fe-B系焼結成形体は角型成形体であり、前記R-Fe-B系焼結成形体の4つの非配向面にHRを含む拡散源を付与することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のR-Fe-B系焼結磁石のHR粒界拡散処理方法。
- 前記拡散方向に沿って、前記拡散面からの距離が500μm以内の任意の2点におけるHR含有量の比は0.2~1.0であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のR-Fe-B系焼結磁石のHR粒界拡散処理方法。
- 前記磁化方向に沿って、任意の2点におけるHR含有量の比は0.7~1.0であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のR-Fe-B系焼結磁石のHR粒界拡散処理方法。
- 前記焼結成形体は0.05wt%~2.5wt%のTをさらに含み、前記TはZn、Si、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Ni、Ge、Zr、Nb、Mo、Pd、Ag、Cd、Sb、Hf、Ta、W、O、C、N、S、F、Pから選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のR-Fe-B系焼結磁石のHR粒界拡散処理方法。
- 前記MがGa、Al、Cuからなり、前記Ga、Al、Cuの含有量の合計が0.3wt%~0.8wt%であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のR-Fe-B系焼結磁石のHR粒界拡散処理方法。
- 前記R-Fe-B系焼結成形体は角型成形体であることを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載のR-Fe-B系焼結磁石のHR粒界拡散処理方法。
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- 2021-01-20 KR KR1020227001371A patent/KR102573802B1/ko active Active
- 2021-01-20 US US17/626,954 patent/US20220328245A1/en active Pending
- 2021-01-20 EP EP21744977.6A patent/EP4024414A4/en active Pending
- 2021-01-20 JP JP2022542453A patent/JP7673074B2/ja active Active
- 2021-01-20 CN CN202110075964.2A patent/CN112908601B/zh active Active
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| JP2023510819A (ja) | 2023-03-15 |
| EP4024414A1 (en) | 2022-07-06 |
| KR102573802B1 (ko) | 2023-09-01 |
| US20220328245A1 (en) | 2022-10-13 |
| KR20220020948A (ko) | 2022-02-21 |
| CN112908601A (zh) | 2021-06-04 |
| CN112908601B (zh) | 2024-03-19 |
| EP4024414A4 (en) | 2023-08-02 |
| WO2021147908A1 (zh) | 2021-07-29 |
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