JPH01109631A - Oxide cathode - Google Patents
Oxide cathodeInfo
- Publication number
- JPH01109631A JPH01109631A JP62267286A JP26728687A JPH01109631A JP H01109631 A JPH01109631 A JP H01109631A JP 62267286 A JP62267286 A JP 62267286A JP 26728687 A JP26728687 A JP 26728687A JP H01109631 A JPH01109631 A JP H01109631A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- base metal
- oxide
- alkaline earth
- metal
- cathode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910008071 Si-Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910006300 Si—Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910019083 Mg-Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910019403 Mg—Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910003126 Zr–Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021523 barium zirconate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Solid Thermionic Cathode (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は陰極線管等の熱電子源として用いられる酸化物
陰極に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to an oxide cathode used as a thermionic source for cathode ray tubes and the like.
酸化物陰極は、第２図に示す様にＭｇ、Ｓｉ。 The oxide cathode is made of Mg or Si as shown in FIG.
Ｗ、Ｚｒ等の還元性金属が少量添加されたＮｉをベース
とした基体金属２をカップ状に加工し、その上にアルカ
リ土類酸化物３を被覆し、これをヒータ４で約８００℃
まで加熱して陰極表面から熱電子を取りだす構造となっ
ている。一般に、酸化物陰極は概要衣のような手順によ
り製造される。A Ni-based base metal 2 to which a small amount of reducing metals such as W and Zr are added is processed into a cup shape, coated with an alkaline earth oxide 3, and heated to approximately 800°C with a heater 4.
The structure is such that thermionic electrons are extracted from the cathode surface by heating the cathode to a certain temperature. Generally, oxide cathodes are manufactured by a similar procedure.
（１）まず第２図に示すように、カップ状の基体金属２
上にニトロセルロースを接着剤としてアルカリ土類炭酸
塩を被覆する。(1) First, as shown in Fig. 2, a cup-shaped base metal 2
The alkaline earth carbonate is coated on top using nitrocellulose as an adhesive.
（２）シかる後、真空中でヒータにより加熱して炭酸塩
（Ｂ ａ ＣＯ３で代表）を酸化物３に変換する。(2) After heating, the carbonate (represented by B a CO3) is converted into oxide 3 by heating with a heater in a vacuum.
ＢａＣＯ５−ＢａＯ＋Ｃ０２
（３）次に、アルカリ土類酸化物３と基体金属２中に少
量含有せしめた還元性不純物（Ｍｅ）とを反応させて酸
化物３中に遊離Ｂａを形成する。BaCO5-BaO+C02 (3) Next, the alkaline earth oxide 3 and a reducing impurity (Me) contained in a small amount in the base metal 2 are reacted to form free Ba in the oxide 3.
Ｂ ａ Ｏ＋ Ｍ ｅ −） Ｂ ａ ＋ Ｍ ｅ Ｏ
このようにして形成された遊離Ｂａが、アルカリ土類酸
化物２中の活性中心を演じ、陰極表面より電子が放射さ
れる様になる。 １
〔発明が解決しようとする問題点〕
炭酸塩から酸化物へ変換する工程は、通常カソード分解
と呼ばれている。このカソード分解中に発生する炭酸ガ
スは、基体金属を酸化させ、同時に加熱によって基体金
属の結晶成長作用が起こり、次のような不具合が生じる
。B a O + M e -) B a + M e O
The free Ba thus formed acts as an active center in the alkaline earth oxide 2, and electrons are emitted from the cathode surface. 1 [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The process of converting carbonates into oxides is usually called cathodic decomposition. The carbon dioxide gas generated during this cathode decomposition oxidizes the base metal, and at the same time, heating causes crystal growth of the base metal, resulting in the following problems.
まず、カソード分解によって発生するガスは、主として
炭酸ガスであるが、゛これが基体金属表面近傍でＮｉ及
び還元性金属例えばＳｉ、Ｍｇ。First, the gas generated by cathode decomposition is mainly carbon dioxide gas, which is concentrated near the surface of the base metal by Ni and reducing metals such as Si and Mg.
Ｚｒを下式に従って酸化させる。Zr is oxidized according to the formula below.
Ｎｉ＋ＣＯ２−＋Ｎｉ○＋ｃ。Ni+CO2−+Ni○+c.
Ｓ ｉ ＋２ＣＯ２−＋Ｓ ｉ ０２ ＋２ＣＯＭｇ＋
ＣＯ□−ＭｇＯ＋Ｃ０
Ｚｒ＋２ＣＯ２−＋ＺｒＯ２＋２ＣＯ
一方、カソード分解による加熱作用により、基体金属内
部で結晶成長が起こるが、基体金属表面には上記反応に
より生じた金属酸化物が存在するから結晶の成長は抑制
される。このなめ、基体金属表面近傍には第３図に示す
ような小さな結晶が基体金属表面に対して平行に形成さ
れた平行粒界層７と呼ばれる層が形成される。S i +2CO2−+S i 02 +2COMg+
CO□-MgO+C0 Zr+2CO2-+ZrO2+2CO On the other hand, crystal growth occurs inside the base metal due to the heating effect due to cathodic decomposition, but crystal growth is suppressed because metal oxides generated by the above reaction are present on the base metal surface. . Because of this, a layer called a parallel grain boundary layer 7 in which small crystals are formed parallel to the base metal surface as shown in FIG. 3 is formed near the base metal surface.
この様な平行粒界層７にはＭｇＯ，Ｓｉ○。Such parallel grain boundary layer 7 contains MgO and Si○.
ＺｒＯ２等の酸化物が結晶粒界８に形成され、陰極の使
用中にアルカリ土類酸化物がこの結晶粒界８を通って基
体金属内部へと拡散し、結晶粒界８に上記酸化物とアル
カリ土類酸化物との複合酸化物が形成される。この複合
酸化物の生成の度合いは結晶粒界８に形成された酸化物
とアルカリ土類酸化物との化学的な親和力の大きさに関
係が有る。即ち、アルカル土類酸化物は塩基性酸化物で
あるため、結晶粒界８の酸化物が酸性酸化物であるほど
結晶粒界８における複合酸化物の形成が大きい事が知ら
れている。Oxides such as ZrO2 are formed at the grain boundaries 8, and during use of the cathode, alkaline earth oxides diffuse into the base metal through the grain boundaries 8, and the above oxides and the like are formed at the grain boundaries 8. A composite oxide with an alkaline earth oxide is formed. The degree of formation of this composite oxide is related to the chemical affinity between the oxide formed at the grain boundaries 8 and the alkaline earth oxide. That is, since alkaline earth oxides are basic oxides, it is known that the more acidic the oxides at the grain boundaries 8 are, the more complex oxides are formed at the grain boundaries 8.
この様な事から酸化物がアルカリ性のＭｇＯであると、
これとアルカリ土類酸化物との複合酸化物は形成され難
くなりＢａＯの侵入を抑制している、しかし、酸性酸化
物である５ｉ０２やＺｒＯ２の場合には複合酸化物が形
成され易い。From this fact, if the oxide is alkaline MgO,
Complex oxides of this and alkaline earth oxides are difficult to form, thereby suppressing the intrusion of BaO. However, in the case of acidic oxides such as 5i02 and ZrO2, complex oxides are easily formed.
この様なアルカリ土類酸化物が結晶粒界８に侵入する事
によって生成された複合酸化物は、基体金属の結晶粒界
８に対してくさびの作用をもつから、基体金属の結晶粒
界８で脆性破壊が進行して、さらにアルカリ土類酸化物
が内部へ拡散する事を助長する様になる。The composite oxide produced by such alkaline earth oxides entering the grain boundaries 8 has a wedge effect on the grain boundaries 8 of the base metal, so As a result, brittle fracture progresses, further promoting the diffusion of alkaline earth oxides into the interior.
この様な複合酸化物が結晶粒界８に形成されると、還元
性金属とアルカリ土類酸化物との反応は、基体金属とア
ルカリ土類酸化物との界面、即ち、基体金属表面で起こ
らず、基体金属の内部の結晶粒界８で起こるようになる
。When such a composite oxide is formed at the grain boundaries 8, the reaction between the reducing metal and the alkaline earth oxide does not occur at the interface between the base metal and the alkaline earth oxide, that is, at the base metal surface. First, this occurs at the grain boundaries 8 inside the base metal.
このため、酸化物陰極の活性中心の役割を演する遊ＭＢ
ａは、結晶粒界８だけを通って基体金属表面に拡散する
から、酸化物陰極の活性度は局部的となり高い電流を一
様に取り出す事が出来なくなる。更には、結晶粒界に析
出した複合酸化物により還元性金属の拡散通路が塞がれ
遊離Ｂａの生成能が次第に低下して、陰極の電子放射特
性が劣化する。Therefore, free MB plays the role of the active center of the oxide cathode.
Since a diffuses to the base metal surface only through the grain boundaries 8, the activity of the oxide cathode becomes localized, making it impossible to uniformly extract a high current. Furthermore, the composite oxide precipitated at the grain boundaries blocks the diffusion path of the reducing metal, gradually reducing the ability to generate free Ba and deteriorating the electron emission characteristics of the cathode.
本発明の目的は、アルカリ土類酸化物の基体金属中への
拡散を防止し、電子放射特性の劣化のない酸化物陰極を
提供することにある。An object of the present invention is to provide an oxide cathode that prevents diffusion of alkaline earth oxides into a base metal and does not cause deterioration in electron emission characteristics.
本発明の酸化物陰極は、少量の還元性金属を含有するＮ
ｉをベースとする基体金属上にアルカリ土類酸化物を被
覆してなる酸化物陰極に於いて、前記基体金属中にアル
カリ土類酸化物と反応して複合酸化物を生成し得る還元
性金属を含有し、かつ、該還元性金属が酸化物を被覆す
る側の前記基体金属表面近傍には存在しない様に構成さ
れた前記基体金属を有している。The oxide cathode of the present invention contains N containing a small amount of reducing metal.
In an oxide cathode formed by coating an alkaline earth oxide on a base metal based on i, a reducing metal capable of reacting with the alkaline earth oxide to produce a composite oxide is contained in the base metal. and the base metal is configured such that the reducing metal does not exist near the surface of the base metal on the side covering the oxide.
次に、本発明の実施例について図面を参照して説明する
。Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
第１図は本発明の一実施例の小量のＭｇとＳｉを含むＭ
ｇ−３ｉ−Ｎｉ系基体金属の厚さ方向の還元性金属の各
々の最大濃度に対する相対濃度分布を示す特性図である
。FIG. 1 shows Mg containing small amounts of Mg and Si according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a characteristic diagram showing the relative concentration distribution with respect to the maximum concentration of each reducing metal in the thickness direction of the g-3i-Ni base metal.
酸化物層側の基体金属中のＭｇの濃度は０．０１〜０．
１０％、Ｓｉの濃度は０．０１％以下に抑えである０反
対に、ヒータ側の基体金属中のＭｇの濃度は０．０１〜
０．１０％、Ｓｉの濃度は約０．０４％となっている。The concentration of Mg in the base metal on the oxide layer side is 0.01 to 0.
10%, and the concentration of Si should be kept below 0.01%.On the other hand, the concentration of Mg in the base metal on the heater side should be 0.01~
0.10%, and the concentration of Si is about 0.04%.
ここで、Ｓｉの濃度がｏ、ｏ１ｉ以下という数値は、基
体金属を溶解する場合に止むを得ず混入してしまう不純
物の濃度を現すものである。従って、酸化物層側の基体
金属には塩基性酸化物を形成するＭｇを還元性金属とし
て意図的に混入するが、酸性酸化物を生成するＳｔは混
入させない。Here, the numerical value of the Si concentration of o, o1i or less represents the concentration of impurities that are unavoidably mixed in when the base metal is melted. Therefore, Mg, which forms a basic oxide, is intentionally mixed as a reducing metal into the base metal on the oxide layer side, but St, which forms an acidic oxide, is not mixed therein.
他方、ヒータ側の基体金属には意図的にＳｉを加えるが
、Ｍｇに対して初期に十分な電子放射特性が得られれば
混入しなくても良い。On the other hand, although Si is intentionally added to the base metal on the heater side, it is not necessary to mix Si if sufficient electron emission characteristics are initially obtained with respect to Mg.
この様な基体金属は、Ｍｇ−５ｉ−Ｎｉ系基体金属と少
量のＭｇが入ったＭｇ−Ｎｉ系基体金属を張り合わせた
もので、Ｍｇ−Ｎｉ系基体金属を酸化物層側に設ける様
にした事が特徴である。Such a base metal is made by pasting together an Mg-5i-Ni base metal and an Mg-Ni base metal containing a small amount of Mg, and the Mg-Ni base metal is provided on the oxide layer side. This is a characteristic.
少量のＷとＭｇとを含むＷ−Ｍｇ−Ｎｉ系の場合につい
てもＭｇ−８ｔ−Ｎｉ系と同様に酸化物層側にＭｇ−Ｎ
ｉ系基体金属を張り合わせる様にする。In the case of the W-Mg-Ni system containing a small amount of W and Mg, Mg-N is added to the oxide layer side as in the Mg-8t-Ni system.
The i-based base metals are pasted together.
同様に、少量のＺｒを含むＺｒ−Ｎｉ系基体金属を用い
る場合には酸化物層側にＭｇ−Ｎｉ系基体金属を張り合
わせる。Similarly, when using a Zr-Ni base metal containing a small amount of Zr, the Mg-Ni base metal is laminated on the oxide layer side.
以上の説明では、Ｍｇ−８ｉ−Ｎｉ系、Ｍｇ−Ｗ−Ｎｉ
系及びＺｒ−Ｎｉ系基体金属の酸化物層側の面にＭｇ−
Ｎｉ系基体金属を張り合わせた例を示したが、本発明は
この実施例に限定させるものではない。例えば、Ｍｇ−
３ｉ−Ｎｉ系基体金属の酸化物層側にＭｇ−Ｎｉ系基体
金属の微粒子を吹き付は結晶化させたものであっても良
い。要するに、基体金属の酸化物層側には陰極が製造さ
れる工程迄は酸化物と化合して複合酸化物を形成する酸
性酸化物を形成する金属成分を存在させない様にするも
のである。In the above explanation, Mg-8i-Ni, Mg-W-Ni
Mg- and Zr-Ni base metals on the oxide layer side surface
Although an example in which Ni-based base metals are laminated together has been shown, the present invention is not limited to this example. For example, Mg-
Fine particles of the Mg-Ni base metal may be sprayed onto the oxide layer side of the 3i-Ni base metal to be crystallized. In short, the metal component that forms the acidic oxide that combines with the oxide to form the composite oxide is not present on the oxide layer side of the base metal until the step of manufacturing the cathode.
以上の様に基体金属を構成する事によって、カソード分
解時の炭酸ガスによってアルカリ土類酸化物直下の基体
金属中に塩基性酸化物のＭｇＯは形成されるが、酸性酸
化物は形成されないから、アルカリ土類酸化物が基体金
属内部へ拡散する事が防止される。By configuring the base metal as described above, basic oxide MgO is formed in the base metal directly under the alkaline earth oxide by carbon dioxide gas during cathode decomposition, but acidic oxide is not formed. Diffusion of alkaline earth oxides into the base metal is prevented.
本実施例の陰極では、初期の活性化はＭｇによって行な
われ十分な電子放射特性が得られる。In the cathode of this example, initial activation is performed by Mg, and sufficient electron emission characteristics can be obtained.
Ｍｇ−３ｉ−Ｎｉ系の場合には、その後Ｓｉが基体金属
表面に拡散して更に酸化物層内に拡散する様になるから
、酸化物層内でアルカリ土類酸化物との反応が進行し活
性中心としてのＢａは長時間持続する様になる。In the case of the Mg-3i-Ni system, Si then diffuses onto the base metal surface and further into the oxide layer, so that the reaction with the alkaline earth oxide progresses within the oxide layer. Ba as an active center continues for a long time.
従って、本実施例は基体金属中での中間層化合物（複合
酸化物）の蓄積がなく、非常に寿命の長い陰極を提供す
る事が出来る。Therefore, in this embodiment, there is no accumulation of the intermediate layer compound (complex oxide) in the base metal, and a cathode with a very long life can be provided.
以上、Ｓｉを例として説明したが、ＢａＷＯ３゜ＢａＡ
ｌ２０３ 、ＢａＺｒＯ３、Ｂａ５ｃ２０４等の複合酸
化物を形成するＷ、ＡＩ、Ｚｒ、Ｓｃ等の金属であって
も良い事は勿論である。The above explanation was given using Si as an example, but BaWO3゜BaA
Of course, metals such as W, AI, Zr, and Sc that form composite oxides such as l203, BaZrO3, and Ba5c204 may also be used.
以上説明した様に本発明の陰極では、カソード分解時に
於いては酸化物層側にアルカリ土類酸化物と反応して複
合酸化物を形成する金属成分が存在しない代わりに、ア
ルカリ土類酸化物が基体金属内部へ拡散する事を防止す
るＭｇＯを形成するＭｇが存在する様になっている。As explained above, in the cathode of the present invention, during cathode decomposition, there is no metal component on the oxide layer side that reacts with the alkaline earth oxide to form a composite oxide; There is Mg to form MgO which prevents the diffusion of Mg into the base metal.
このため、還元性金属は基体金属と酸化物の界面にまで
拡散し、そこで酸化物と化学反応を効果的に起こし遊離
Ｂａの生成を促進し、電子放射特性を向上させる効果が
有る。Therefore, the reducing metal diffuses to the interface between the base metal and the oxide, where it effectively causes a chemical reaction with the oxide, promoting the generation of free Ba, and has the effect of improving the electron emission characteristics.
第１図は本発明の一実施例の少量のＭｇとＳｉを含むＭ
ｇ−３ｉ−Ｎｉ系基体金属の厚さ方向の還元性金属の各
々の最大濃度に対する相対濃度分布を示す特性図、第２
図は一般的な陰極の断面図、第３図は従来の基体金属の
結晶構造の模式図である。
１・・・カソードスリーブ、２・・・基体金属、３・・
・酸化物、４・・・ヒータ、５・・・酸化物側表面、６
・・・ヒータ側表面、７・・・平行粒界層、８・・・結
晶粒界。FIG. 1 shows Mg containing a small amount of Mg and Si according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Characteristic diagram showing the relative concentration distribution with respect to the maximum concentration of each reducing metal in the thickness direction of the g-3i-Ni base metal, 2nd
The figure is a cross-sectional view of a general cathode, and FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the crystal structure of a conventional base metal. 1... Cathode sleeve, 2... Base metal, 3...
- Oxide, 4... Heater, 5... Oxide side surface, 6
... Heater side surface, 7... Parallel grain boundary layer, 8... Grain boundary.
Claims (1)
属上にアルカリ土類酸化物を被覆してなる酸化物陰極に
於いて、前記基体金属中にアルカリ土類酸化物と反応し
て複合酸化物を生成し得る還元性金属を含有し、かつ、
該還元性金属が酸化物を被覆する側の前記基体金属表面
近傍には存在しない様に構成された前記基体金属を有す
ることを特徴とする酸化物陰極。In an oxide cathode formed by coating an alkaline earth oxide on a Ni-based base metal containing a small amount of reducing metal, composite oxidation occurs by reacting with the alkaline earth oxide in the base metal. contains a reducing metal capable of producing a substance, and
An oxide cathode characterized in that the base metal is configured such that the reducing metal does not exist near the surface of the base metal on the side covering the oxide.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62267286A JPH01109631A (en) | 1987-10-21 | 1987-10-21 | Oxide cathode |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62267286A JPH01109631A (en) | 1987-10-21 | 1987-10-21 | Oxide cathode |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH01109631A true JPH01109631A (en) | 1989-04-26 |
Family
ID=17442719
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62267286A Pending JPH01109631A (en) | 1987-10-21 | 1987-10-21 | Oxide cathode |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH01109631A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007146900A (en) * | 2005-11-24 | 2007-06-14 | Nsk Warner Kk | Wet multiple disc friction clutch device |
| JP2008121700A (en) * | 2006-11-08 | 2008-05-29 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | Torque fluctuation absorber |
-
1987
- 1987-10-21 JP JP62267286A patent/JPH01109631A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007146900A (en) * | 2005-11-24 | 2007-06-14 | Nsk Warner Kk | Wet multiple disc friction clutch device |
| JP2008121700A (en) * | 2006-11-08 | 2008-05-29 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | Torque fluctuation absorber |
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