JPH01133592A - Single-phase miniature motor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent the generation of an excessive Joule loss, by providing the title motor with a means, stopping the conduction of the motor during the predetermined period of time in the final period of conduction and restraining the stopping effect only upon starting the motor. CONSTITUTION:Armature coils 5a-5d are wound around respective salient poles 4a-4d of an armature core 4, made by laminating silicon steel sheets. A cavity is formed at the central part of the magnetic core 4 and a metal cylinder 2 is fitted thereinto while the magnetic core 4 is fixed to a main body by the metal cylinder 2 whereby a fixed armature is constituted. A ball bearing 3 is fitted into the cylinder 2 and a rotating shaft 1 is supported. An annular magnet rotor 6 is fixed to the inside of the cup 13 of the rotating shaft 1 and N-S magnetic poles 6a- are arranged and rotated together with the rotating shaft 1. When the armature coils 5a- are conducted reciprocally at every rotation of the magnet rotor 6 by an electric angle of 180 deg., an output torque is generated to rotate the motor as a Single-phase motor. Hall element 10 opposes to the magnet rotor 6.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a l-phase semiconductor motor that is used as a drive source for a small-output load, such as an electric fan for cooling an electronic circuit. be.

[Conventional technology]

Conventional l-phase semiconductor motors are roughly divided into the following three types of /phase motors.

First, since the well-known l-phase motor cannot start automatically,
The second method is to use the technology disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 3,2 Tata, 335 to provide a non-magnetic field section between the N and S magnetic poles of the magnet rotor. This makes startup easier.

Third, U.S. Patent No. ≠, 2/! , No. 963, in which a sub magnetic pole is added to the main magnetic pole of the Madai-Soto rotor, and it has substantially the same effect as the technique in item 2.

[Problems to be solved by the present invention]
: Conventional cQ/phase semiconductor motors have several problems. First, when rotating by /♂O degrees in electrical angle, at the beginning and end of the rotation, in addition to the back electromotive force being zero, the magnetic core becomes magnetically saturated, causing an excessive armature. Current flows and Joule loss that does not contribute to torque increases, leading to a decrease in efficiency.

Second, in order to prevent this, the above-mentioned U.S. Patent No. 3.
There are technologies by Kotata, No. 33j and No. 2//, No. 763 by Kotata, but these technologies have the drawback of reducing efficiency because the entire magnetic field of the magnet rotor cannot be used advantageously for torque generation. .

For the reasons mentioned above, 1. In either case of the second
Efficiency expands and decreases, 3! ;There is an inconvenience that the top position is the limit.

Thirdly, in order to solve the first problem, there is a technique proposed by the present applicant that adds one more position sensing element.
When the control circuit is integrated into an IC, it becomes an external component, so the I
There is an inconvenience that results in hindering the purpose of C conversion.

Fifth, in the case of small motors, the space in which the armature coil can be wound is limited, so if the power supply voltage is high, thin wires are used, which increases Joule loss. However, this has the disadvantage of causing deterioration in efficiency. In particular, the above-mentioned points become a problem in the case of a fan motor with an outer diameter of less than millimeters.Fifth, in the case of a fan motor VJ machine, the power supply voltage! There are changes in specifications such as Volt, /2 Volt, and Yuhiro Volt.

At this time, the wire diameter and number of turns of the armature coil are changed.
This has the disadvantage of reducing mass productivity and increasing prices.

Second, in the case of a fan motor, if it is overloaded due to an accident, it will stop, but if there is no warning at this time, there is a problem that the equipment to be cooled, such as the electronic circuit, may be burnt out.

It is also preferable that the fan motor automatically start rotating when the cause of the accident is removed.

Seventh, although some of the above-mentioned techniques have already been implemented, they require a large number of parts and are not economical.

Also, when the control circuit is integrated into an IC, the number of external components increases.
There are problems that cause inconvenience.

[Means for solving problems]

In order to prevent excessive joule loss from occurring at the end of energization of the armature coil, the energization is stopped for at least a predetermined section at the end of energization, and in order to make startup easier, the above-mentioned stop is performed only at startup. Means for inhibiting the effect is employed to achieve the objectives of the present invention. For this purpose, a comparison circuit is used to compare the output of the magnetoelectric transducer (Hall element), and at the initial stage of energization, the current is energized at an electrical angle of /, 1'0 degrees (it electrical angle) to facilitate startup by cogging torque. During rated operation, the first and second problems are solved by reducing the conduction angle by a set angle (30-4Q7 degrees).The purpose is achieved with 7 Hall elements. Therefore, the third problem is also solved.A rotation speed detection device is added, and its output is used to operate the above-mentioned comparison circuit, and at the same time, it is possible to obtain an alarm signal when the system stops due to overload. There is.

Also, since a constant voltage or constant voltage drive circuit is provided, it operates regardless of the power supply voltage. Therefore, the problem of No. 1 is solved. By combining this circuit with a circuit that stops due to overload, when the motor stops due to an accident, it can be automatically restarted when the cause of the accident is removed, and the motor will not burn out while it is stopped. Accidents can be prevented.

Therefore, the jth and sixth problems are also solved.

Since the device of the present invention has only seven Hall elements and an 11ilI control circuit, it can be easily integrated into an IC and requires fewer external components.

Therefore, the seventh gap point is resolved.

[Effect]

At the initial stage of energization of the armature coil, the inductance due to the presence of the core is approximately 20 millihenries (for a motor with an output power of ~λ watts), so the rise of the current is relatively slow and the back electromotive force is small, but the current The value is small, the joule loss is small, and the effect on efficiency is small.

However, at the end of energization, the core is almost saturated by the magnetic flux of the magnet rotor, and the inductance is reduced to only the coil, so the inductance decreases to about j millihenries.

Therefore, at the end of energization when the field magnetic field is small or zero,
A significantly large armature current flows, and since this does not contribute to torque, it is the main cause of deterioration of efficiency. In the case of a coreless electric motor, the deterioration in efficiency is less than in the case described above, but the fact remains that the deterioration still occurs.

In order to eliminate such inconveniences, there is a technique in which λ position sensing elements are used to cut off current at the end of energization, increasing efficiency by 15 to 20 inches over known motors of this type. Depending on the method, there are the following disadvantages.

First, it becomes impossible to incorporate the Hall element and the control circuit into a seven-piece integrated circuit.First, the price increases.

Third, self-startup becomes difficult.

The device of the present invention has the above-mentioned first feature. Second. This has the effect of eliminating the third problem. Moreover, for this purpose, the current is applied at an electrical angle of 110 degrees at startup, and thereafter, the current application angle is sequentially narrowed from the opening of both sides according to the rotational speed detection signal, so that the efficiency increases and the constant speed is increased. It has a control effect.

Since a constant current or constant voltage circuit is used, the same circuit can be used even if the power supply voltage is changed.

Therefore, when converting to engineering C, the same engineering C can be used.

Furthermore, by combining the above-described circuit with the rotational speed detection circuit, it is possible to obtain an alarm device that operates when an overload is stopped and an automatic return device when the overload is removed.

, the drive circuit can be made up of seven ICs, and the number of external components is reduced.

〔Example〕

Next, details of the apparatus of the present invention will be explained with reference to embodiments shown in the drawings. Components with the same symbols in the drawings are the same members, so a description thereof will be omitted.

FIG. 1 is a front view showing the overall structure of an electric motor with a magnetic core.

In FIG. 1, the symbol G is an armature core made by laminating silicon steel plates. It has the configuration of a Hiro ball, and the salient poles are shown as symbols ≠ a, Hirosu, ≠ C, Hiro d, and their width is 9.
It is made slightly smaller than 0 degrees, and q.

They are far apart.

Each salient pole has an armature coil ja, jk3. rc.

jd is installed. The center of the magnetic core becomes a hole,
A metal cylinder λ is fitted, and the magnetic core is fixed to the main body (not shown) by the cylinder λ, thereby forming a fixed armature.

The outer ring of the pole bearing 3 is fitted inside the cylindrical cylinder, and the rotating shaft is rotatably supported on the inner ring.

The bottom center portion of a mild steel cup /3 pressed into a cup shape is fixed to the / end of the rotating ihi+ /.

An annular magnet rotor O is fixed inside the cup/3, and the magnet rotor O has an opening angle N of qo degrees.
, S magnetic poles Aa, 6b, . . . are arranged as shown in the figure,
The magnetic pole is a salient pole ≠ a through an air gap.

It faces +b, . . . and rotates with rotation @/.

The left arrow B of the salient pole a indicates the gap (O0 at the largest part)
It faces the magnetic pole 6a through the magnetic pole 6a (approximately ♂ millimeters), and there is also a gap at point C on the right side (the gap of equal length accounts for H~% of the total gap, and the gap length is O, mm). It faces the magnetic pole A via the magnetic pole O.

The above-mentioned voids are similarly provided in other salient pole groups b, 4'c, and +d. With this means, cogging torque is generated and self-starting is possible.

Arrow Y is the direction of rotation.

FIG. 2 is a 720 degree (electrical angle) developed view of the electric motor shown in FIG. From now on, all angles shall be expressed in electrical angles.

Salient pole a, Hirosu,... and armature coil ja.

The Hall elements 10, .

Sudden! Because of a, gb, . . . , a cogging torque is generated in the magnet rotor B, and it rotates by a predetermined angle in the direction of arrow Y and then stops, so it can start automatically.

For this reason, the left middle portions of the salient poles 4a, #b, . . . are bent downward.

The salient pole in FIG. 1 also has the same shape. The self-starting means may be other known means.

When the armature coilers a, jb, . . . are energized reciprocatingly every time the magnet rotor B rotates by an electrical angle of igo degrees, an output torque is generated and the magnet rotors rotate as an l-phase electric motor. In the case of a fan motor, a plurality of fans are provided outside the rotor/3 in FIG.

The general/phase electric motor described above has the following drawbacks.

The efficiency deteriorates, and when the input is about /~λ watts, the efficiency is about 32chi~3SI%. This type of three-phase type has an efficiency of 60 to 70 inches, but the efficiency is significantly lower.

The device of the present invention eliminates the cause of such efficiency deterioration, and
The efficiency is increased by 75 inches to 20 inches, to about 50 inches to 5S%. Next, the details will be explained.

One curve of armature current is shown as a curved line in the time chart of FIG. This curve will be explained.

At the beginning of energization of the armature coil, the rise is smooth due to the inductance, and then due to the back electromotive force, the curved line becomes a concave part in the middle.

At the end of energization, the magnetic core approaches saturation, so the inductance is 20 mmH, and at the right end it is about j mmH. However, this applies to a motor with an input of about 2 watts per watt. Therefore, the back electromotive force also decreases rapidly and the armature current increases rapidly.Furthermore, the magnetic energy proportional to the inductance also decreases rapidly, so the released magnetic energy results in an increase in the armature current. Therefore, as shown in the curve at the right end of the curve stop in Figure 5, when the armature current increases rapidly and rotates by /♂°, the armature current is cut off, but the peak value at this time is according to actual measurements. , the starting current is approximately the same as the starting current.

In this vicinity, the field@magnetic field is small or zero, so there is almost no output torque, and the ineffective Joule loss rapidly increases.

The situation is exactly the same for other magnetic poles and salient poles.

Assuming that the electric motor rotates at 3000 revolutions per minute, gu curved blades are obtained per revolution, so that the current flow shown by the curved blades is performed at /200θ per minute. This fact is expressed in an extreme way:
It should be understood that this is a DC motor that is started 2000 times per 7 minutes, which is the main cause of deterioration in efficiency.

In addition, as shown by point a, there is energization due to the release of the stored magnetic energy in the TlLi child coil. This energization results in a counter-torque, which is disadvantageous in that it further deteriorates the efficiency.

To eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks, follow the dotted line 4l-Aa in FIG.
The optimum means is to start and stop the armature current at the points indicated by , 4' and 6b. That is, the dotted line 'At bO
It is better to cut the current at a point. The optimum width of the current to be cut is generally about 30 degrees to 5 degrees.

A control circuit for eliminating the above-mentioned disadvantages will now be described with reference to FIG.

In FIG. 3(a), the output of the Hall element 10 (shown with the same symbol in FIG. 2), which is energized via the constant voltage circuit /4' by the terminal 30a supplied with power from the positive electrode of the DC power supply, is the operational amplifier / /a, and the output waveform at point E is the curve of the time chart in Figure 5! ;/a, 31b,・
It is indicated by...

The output of the operational amplifier //b, that is, the electrical signal at point F, is the song %! in Figure 5. ;、! a,! ;2 b , . . .

The shapes of the curves j/a and jja are preferably similar to sine waves. For this purpose, it is effective to make the Hall element 10 face the end face of the magnet rotating +6 in FIG. 1, and to make the magnetization curve of the end face close to a sine wave.

The electrical signal at point E in FIG. 3(a) is generated by the rectangular wave shaping circuit/7
It is made into a rectangular wave by a, and this is the curve in Figure 3! ;3a,
! ; 3b, . . .

The above-described output signal is input to the monostable circuit /7, and becomes a rectangular wave signal of a set width (narrower than the curve 33a), which conducts the transistor IZ by that width. The input signal of the rectangular wave shaping circuit 7a is transmitted through the dotted line O by the conduction of the F transistor 19.
The capacitor J connected via the IC bins 2 and 2 of j2 and the capacitor J is charged via the resistor /qa.

Since the charging voltage is the same as the output of a known rotational speed detection circuit, the voltage is proportional to the rotational speed.

This charging voltage is divided by resistors 20a and 20b, and becomes an input to one terminal of operational amplifiers /2a and /cob, and becomes a speed signal voltage.

The speed signal voltage is shown in FIG. 3 as point eRM+N.

Therefore, the output of Opeanzo /2a and /2b is
a, only the voltage that exceeds the voltage of dotted lines M and N is shaped into a rectangular wave, and these are shown in Figure 5, oil taste 'AJ'
a, 'A no b, ... and Kyokusho ≠ 3a, Hiro Jb, ...
It is shown as.

The width of the above-mentioned curve is the width of /♂Q (ff) at startup, and becomes narrower as the rotational speed increases.

Transistors /Sa, /jb, /Sc, 15eL become a transistor bridge circuit, and transistor 15
a.

The armature coil G is energized to the right by the conduction of /jl), and to the left by the conduction of the other transistors.

Symbol 2≠a, 244b is an IC bin, and armature coil G is an external component.

The armature coil G is the armature coil ja of the second factor.

Evening! c and jd are connected in series or in parallel, or in a mixture of series and parallel connections.

According to common measures, op amp /2a, /! The output of b makes transistors /ja, /jl) and /jc, /jd conductive, respectively.

The energization waveform at this time becomes the curve Hiroshi 5 shown in the figure.

The front and rear ends of the song HtasO have been cut off. Therefore, no counter-torque is generated, and since there is no ineffective energization of the torque caused by energization at the front end and the rear end, particularly at the rear end, Joule loss is minimized, contributing to an increase in efficiency.

In this embodiment, energization with the same effect is performed by another means. Next, I will explain it.

□ The resistor Ua (external component) connected to the IC bin 2C, 30b (which serves as the negative electrode of the power supply) in Fig. 3(a) is
It is inserted in series in a transistor bridge circuit.

The voltage drop across the resistor la (proportional to the armature current) is input to one terminal of operational amplifier 2 via a full-wave rectifier circuit J (an absolute value circuit is used). A reference voltage for determining the IFPL armature current value is input to the Ua input.

The output of operational amplifier 2 becomes the lower input of AND circuits /ja and /Jb. The upper input is a male amplifier/2'a
, /2 b is the output.

When the armature current value exceeds the first set value, the output of operational amplifier 2 becomes low level, and when it drops below the second set value, which is slightly lower than the first set value, the output of operational amplifier - becomes low level. becomes.

Therefore, an operational amplifier n having hysteresis characteristics is used.

The above-mentioned energization control will be explained with reference to the time chart shown in FIG.

In FIG. 3(a), when the transistors 15a and 15b are turned on and the armature coil G is energized to the right, when the transistors 15a and 15b are turned off, the stored magnetic energy is transferred to the diode. It is discharged via the /6C2 power supply, the resistor 23h, and the diode /Ad. If,
If the current is 0 degrees, this 7?3 current is the 5th
Dots on the diagram? #la, resulting in counter torque and deterioration of efficiency.

In the device of the present invention, since the communication 'f is cut off at the point Htrbb, the discharge current becomes a positive torque. Therefore, a part of the stored magnetic energy is circulated back to the power source, and the other part becomes a positive torque, which has the effect of increasing efficiency.

The same is true for the transistors /Sc, 15eL, and the diodes reversely connected to them.

The diodes /6a, /6b, /6c, /Ad are:
Transistor 15a, /jb, /Sc, 15dKM
connected in reverse to the column.

AND circuit/? The output of transistor 15a
The conduction of transistors /jc and 15d is controlled by the output of the AND circuit /Jt).

In this case, transistors /ja and /jb are de-energized at the same time, so the magnetic energy stored in the armature coil is
It is discharged via diode /Ac, power supply, and diode /Gd. Therefore, energy is recycled back to the power source,
Since the discharge current disappears more rapidly, this is effective at high speed rotation.

The situation is exactly the same regarding energization of armature coil G by transistors /jc and /jd.

When the outputs of the op-amps /2a and /2b begin to energize the coil G, the current will change due to the inductance of the curve t in the time chart of Fig.
It rises like AOa.

Therefore, when the input to one terminal of operational amplifier n rises and exceeds the reference voltage of the + terminal, the output of operational amplifier 2 becomes low level, and the inputs of the lower stage of AND circuits /ja and /Jb also go to low level and 72 nig. The output of is also low level.

Therefore, transistor 15a.

15b or 15c, 15tl will not be used, so
Armature current is cut off.

However, the stored magnetic energy in the armature coil is discharged through the diodes /Aa, /Ab, .

Therefore, it descends as shown by the curve lA/a in FIG.

When it drops to the set value (this value is determined by the hysteresis behavior of the operational amplifier f22), the output of the operational amplifier 2 returns to high level, and the armature coil starts to be energized, following the curve b in Figure v. to rise like that.

Since the above operation is repeated, the current curve becomes the ψth
Curve -11A/a in the figure, ant diagnosis, W far t -0-, and after passing a predetermined period interval, the output of AND circuit /2a or /2b becomes low level /k, 1! : 7k!
5. As described above, the magnetic energy stored in the armature coil is circulated back to the power source, and the current flowing therein rapidly decreases and the current flowing stops.

The width of arrow 3q in Figure 5 is curve 44Ja in Figure 5.

Il, Yub,... or curve IA3a, Hiro3b,...
The width of...

The average value of the applied current can be arbitrarily selected by changing the value of the resistor Ua.

Therefore, the following effects are achieved. In particular, it is effective to make the part surrounded by the flashing lines 32 into C.

First, by changing the resistance 2Ja, the output torque can be changed. In the case of an IC, the resistor 23a
is an external resistor.

The second effect is as follows.

As the rotational speed increases, point a M r N in FIG. 5 moves upward. Therefore, the curve tAkoa, Shiba1:+,...
・.

If the width of the curves Ja, 'AJb, .

Thirdly, there are the following effects. When a small motor has a diameter of 30 mm or less, the space for winding the armature coil is small and limited.

The applied voltage is generally ! Something in the range of about 2 volts is used. When used as a fan electric vI machine for cooling circuits of electronic equipment, the fan electric motor is used with this power supply voltage.

At this time, when the applied voltage is J volt, the armature coil is made by winding a large number of thin wires.

Therefore, it has the drawback of increasing copper loss and deteriorating efficiency.

At this time, use an electric motor! The rated value of the bolt eliminates the above drawbacks.

When this motor is used at 72 volts or 2 volts, the armature current can be regulated so that the output is at the set value by changing the resistor 2.3a.

Therefore, deterioration of efficiency can be prevented.

The electric motor of Father's Day (1) has the feature that by using ICE2, it is possible to cope with different loads by simply changing the external resistor 23a.

Next, a case where the circuit shown in FIG. 3(a) is integrated into an IC will be described.

When the circuit of FIG. 3(a) is made into an IC by well-known means,
Since it is small and flat and can be housed within the outer casing of a small electric motor, it can provide an effective technical means.

The inside of the dotted line 32 is converted into an IC. The Hall element 10 is preferably made of silicon, which is the base of the IC. It may be based on gallium arsenide.

Engineering C3:1. The Hall element 10 formed in a part of the magnet rotor 6 faces the magnetic poles of the magnet rotor 6 (shown in the first and second figures). For example, as shown by the dotted line 32 in FIG.
Fix the CJ2 on the fixed armature side so that 0 faces the end face of the magnetic poles &a, , gb,... ・The thickness of the IC is about /mm, so it can be fixed in the above position without any problem. can. In addition, in order to install the Hall element 10 facing the magnetic pole, the Hall element 10 of IC, L2 is
A landmark that allows you to know the location from the outside gives you peace of mind. For example, it is preferable to provide a recess at the position of the Hall element 10. In this case, the workpiece C32 is provided facing the end magnetized surface having the same phase and width as the main 'yB +iAa, 4b, . . .

In the case of a coreless flat electric motor, it can be opposed to the main pole.

According to the conventional technology, there are many wirings for the Hall element 10. Therefore, the arrangement is complicated and there are many accidents, but according to this embodiment, such drawbacks can be eliminated and the overall size can be reduced.

At startup, the voltage across the capacitor J in FIG. 3(a) rises as indicated by the dotted line series 7 in FIG. 5, and stops rising at the dotted line Q-'7a. The voltage at this point is proportional to the rotation speed.

The voltage at the terminal of the operational amplifier 2/, that is, the terminal 2
/a is the reference voltage.

At this time, connect the output terminal of the operational amplifier unit (C pin 21
The output of Ad) is at a low level.

When the motor stops due to an accident, the base input of the transistor /9 disappears, so the transistor /9 becomes non-conductive, and the capacitor j becomes the resistor 20a, :II)
Discharge occurs due to b.

Therefore, as shown by point yso in FIG.
When the input to one terminal of the amplifier 2 drops and becomes below the dotted line tag, the output of the operational amplifier 2/ becomes the NO level.

Therefore, this output can activate an alarm device (for example, a buzzer).

In the case of a fan motor for cooling electronic circuits, it is also possible to cut off the power to the electronic circuits.

Even in this state, operational amplifier n and AND circuit/3a.

Since the constant current circuit based on /Jb is in operation, an advantage of the device of the present invention is that burnout due to excessive current caused by stopping the motor is automatically prevented.

Because of the above effects, when the cause of the accident is removed, the rotation of the motor automatically returns, the input voltage at one terminal of operational amplifier 2 rises, the alarm device also stops, and the electronic circuit Turning on the power also has the effect of automatically recovering.

Next, an embodiment of bifurcated winding in which the armature coil G in FIG. 3(a) is divided into two pieces and represented by armature coils J, will be described with reference to FIG. 3(b).

In FIG. 3(b), the armature coils J and R connected to the C pins 2a, 2, and C are respectively the armature coils 6a, jc, and jl), and jd of FIG. Become.

The armature coils J and K are energized by the conduction of the transistors 2Aa and 2bb.

All other electric circuits are indicated by the same symbols as in the previous embodiment, and their functions and effects are also exactly the same.

By the output of AND circuit/, 7a, transistor 2Aa
is conductive and armature coil J crab is energized,
When de-energized, the stored magnetic energy is transferred to capacitor 2.
7a and is charged.

Therefore, the diodes /Aa, /6b, in FIG. 3(a),
It has the same effect as... However, since it is not returned to the power supply, the discharge time is extended.

The above-mentioned situation is also the same for the transistor 21sb and the capacitor 271).

The charging current of capacitors 27a and 27b flows through resistor Ja.

The rectifier circuit J may be a simple amplification circuit.
This is because only directional current is applied.

Although the above points are different from the circuit in FIG. 3(a),
Other effects are the same.

The alternating energization of the armature coils J has the same effect as the reciprocating energization of the armature coil G in the previous embodiment.

Therefore, in this specification, the energization control circuits shown in FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b) are both referred to as transistor circuits, and the alternate energization is also referred to as reciprocating energization.

The features of this embodiment are as follows.

Since only the transistors 2Aa and Mb are inserted in series, the voltage drop is small. Therefore, it is effective for low voltage power supplies.

Also, since the transistors 26a, 2Ab are NPN type, I
When converted to C, the configuration is simplified and the voltage loss is reduced.

The part surrounded by the dotted line is the workpiece C31a, and the workpiece C pins are shown as symbols 30a, 2zaa, 2gb, -, and 30b.

Although not shown, the capacitors J7a, 27b are external components of the component C.

The circuit of FIG. 3(C) is another embodiment to achieve the same purpose.

The difference is that a constant current circuit is used in FIG. 3(b), whereas a constant voltage circuit is used in FIG. 3(c).The other points are exactly the same.

Although bifurcated winding is used for the armature coil J, the same purpose can be achieved by using a transistor bridge circuit as shown in FIG. 3(a).

The capacitor 36 is required to have a relatively large capacity, and is externally attached to the IC bins 37h and 30b, and connected in parallel to a transistor circuit for controlling energization of the armature coil J.

A transistor is inserted in one column with the above-mentioned parallel circuit.

The charging voltage of the capacitor 36 is determined by the resistors 33a and 33b.

33c and input to the ten terminal of the operational amplifier 3g. One terminal receives input from a reference voltage terminal 3a.

The voltage at reference voltage terminals 3 and a is for maintaining the voltage applied to the motor at a set value.

The output of Opeanzo /2a, /2b, that is, the curve Hiroshi 2 in the evening diagram
a, Hiro xb, ... or curve Hiro 3 a + 'A3
b r... is a sole transistor, Ma, 26
b, the armature coils J are alternately energized.

Next, a description will be given of when the power is turned on.

this,! : When the voltage of the conching 36 drops to @, the input voltage of the 10th terminal of the operational amplifier 3 is lower than that of the 1st terminal, so the output becomes low level, transistor 3/ conducts, and the armature current increases. The capacitor 3/ is rapidly charged as the current is applied.

When charged to the set value, the armature current increases accordingly. When the voltage across the capacitor 3/ exceeds the set value, the output of the operational amplifier 3 is converted to the NO level, and the transistor 3/ becomes non-conductive.

Therefore, the subsequent armature current is supplied from the capacitor 3/, and the voltage drops. When the voltage drops, the output of the operational amplifier 3 becomes low level, and the capacitor 3/ is charged again.

The above-described cycle is repeated, and the voltage across the capacitor 3/, that is, the voltage applied to the motor, is maintained at the set value.

Due to the conduction of the transistor I, the coil J changes to the !th! The armature coil J is energized for the width of the curve g'A2a in the figure, and when it becomes non-conductive, the energization of the armature coil J is stopped. At this time, the magnetic energy stored in the armature coil is released and discharged by the Zener diode 33a.

In the case of pace control of the transistor 2Ab by the operational amplifier /2b, the above-mentioned effect is exactly the same, and the armature coil K is energized by the width of the curve 3a shown in FIG. The effect of the Zener diode 33b is also the same.

The charging voltage of the capacitor 31 is controlled by the transistor 3/
Although digital control by turning on and off is used, if the operational amplifier 3 is used as a linear amplifier and the transistor 3/ is driven in the active region, a constant voltage is maintained by analog control.

In this case, electrical noise caused by turning on and off the transistor is eliminated, but power consumption increases.

Since the capacitor 3/ is placed in parallel with the control circuit, it has the effect of absorbing electrical noise when the armature current is cut off.

When the electric motor stopped due to an accident, the operator 'j'
It is the same as in the previous embodiment that the output of 2/ is converted to high level and necessary processing is performed. However, at this time, since it is a constant voltage power supply, an excessive current flows through the armature, causing it to burn out. To prevent this, the transistor field is made conductive by the output of the operational amplifier 2/, and the resistor 3.3c is
short circuit. Therefore, the input voltage at the ten terminals of the operational amplifier 3g is lowered, and the voltage applied to the motor is lowered, which has the effect of preventing burnout.

When the accident disappears and the motor starts rotating again, the output of the op amp 2/ is changed to a low level, and the transistor world becomes inoperable. Therefore, the voltage applied to the motor also returns to the set value.

The IC bin of Kou (J21) surrounded by a black border is the symbol 30.
a...? 7a...? 7b, -,,? ? f, JOb
O [Effect] As mentioned above, the first effect is an increase in efficiency, which is about 12 times that of the electric motor of this kneading machine.

The second effect is that the output of the rotational speed detection circuit energizes the armature coil at iro degrees to complete the startup, and after startup, the energization angle is made smaller than 110 degrees to increase efficiency.

The third effect is that by setting the voltage applied to the motor to be a constant voltage or by using a constant current circuit, the same control circuit can be used even if the power supply voltage used changes.

It becomes an effective means when converted to engineering C.

The j-th effect is that when the control circuit is made into an XC, it can be constructed by housing a magneto-electric conversion element (Hall element), the number of external parts can be reduced, and the control circuit can be configured with only 7 ICs. JJJ machine can be driven.

The j-th effect is that when the motor is stopped due to an accident when used as a fan motor, the armature current is maintained at a predetermined value to prevent burnout, and an alarm signal is output at the same time. Therefore, necessary measures can be taken.

Sixthly, the present invention can be applied to both bipolar circuits and monopolar circuits for controlling the current control circuit.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a plan view of the device of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a developed view of the magnet rotor and armature, and Fig. 3 is a energization control circuit diagram of the armature coil used in the device of the present invention. The figure is N
Time chart showing the control of the detector current curve, imperial edict! The diagram is
Time charts of the position detection signal and armature current curve are shown respectively. C...Rotating shaft, 2...Cylinder, 3...Bearing, ≠, ≠a, ≠b,..., jd...Magnetic core and salient pole,
ja. jb, ..., jd, G,, r, ... armature coil, Otsu, 6a, ..., Otsu d... magnet rotor,
10...Hall element, /3...Soft copper cup1.
3yu, 32a. J2 b-... Engineering C1/lA-... Constant voltage circuit, -3
(7a, 30b - DC power supply positive and negative terminals, //a
, //b, /2a, /2b. 2/, U2,3g... operational amplifier, /3a, /3b
...AND circuit, /7a...square wave shaping circuit,
/7...monostable circuit, 25, J/-capacitor, /ja, /jb, 15c. ISD, IG, Shiba 7 Ken...Transistor, J...1
1c circuit, amplification circuit, 2/a, 22a,
3g a... Standard salmon pressure terminal, J5a, 3! ;b-Zener diode, 2 hiroa. ,24'b,・-12zaa,2δb l-,,? 7
a, 31b, ・-・---semi-l IC bin, rear, ≧i, soot, ≠/b, ...tta
Child current curve, j/a, j/b,...2 momme a, j cob
,... j,? a, 5Jb, -, 34'a, 5hirob,
-, 4Cja, Hiro2b. ..., 'AJa, ≠3b, ...Position detection signal distortion, ≠t. Window: Armature current curve, Hiroza: Voltage at terminal 2/a [l Old urine. lA? ...Voltage curve of capacitor 2.

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) A fixed armature with an even number of 1-phase armature coils arranged at equal pitches, and field magnetic poles provided inside the rotor, with the magnetic poles and armature coils facing each other. In a one-phase electric motor with a rotating magnetic rotor, the motor is fixed to the fixed armature opposite to the magnetic rotor at a position where the output is zero when the armature coil and the magnetic poles of the armature completely oppose each other. , one magnetoelectric conversion element that generates a one-phase position detection signal, and amplifying the output of the magnetoelectric conversion element to obtain first and second position detection signals when facing the N and S poles, respectively. An electric circuit, a rotation speed detection circuit that outputs a voltage proportional to the rotation speed, and the output voltage of the rotation speed detection circuit are compared with each of the first and second position detection signals to determine whether the latter voltage is higher than the former. a comparison circuit that outputs only the overlapping portion as third and fourth position detection signals of rectangular waves;
An electric circuit that outputs a detection signal only when the output of the rotational speed detection circuit described above is lower than a set value and notifies an abnormal state of rotation of the motor, a transistor circuit that controls energization of a single-phase armature coil, and this circuit. A resistor connected in series with the transistor circuit and a DC power supply that applies voltage to the resistor, and a DC power source that applies voltage to the transistor circuit and the resistor, and the voltage accumulated in the armature coil when the transistor in the transistor circuit is converted to non-conducting and the armature current is cut off. an electrical circuit including a diode that discharges magnetic energy to energize the resistor; and a high level output when the voltage drop across the resistor is less than a first set value; an electric circuit that obtains a low-level armature current detection output when it is larger than the second set value; a first AND circuit that receives the third position detection signal and the armature current detection output; and a first position detection circuit. A second AND circuit that receives the signal and the armature current detection output as input, and a single 1-phase armature coil for reciprocating energization and two biennial windings.
When alternately energizing the armature coils is called reciprocating energization, the outputs of the first and second AND circuits energize the transistors of the transistor circuits, and the outputs of the first and second AND circuits are activated. A small one-phase electric motor characterized in that it is comprised of an energization control circuit that reciprocates and energizes an armature coil only when the voltage is at a high level, and a self-starting means using cogging torque. (2) In the claim set forth in paragraph (1), a magnetoelectric conversion element, a rotational speed detection circuit, a first, second, third, fourth
An electric circuit that generates a position detection signal, an energization control circuit that uses the output of the electric circuit to energize a transistor in a transistor circuit to energize the armature coil back and forth, and an electric circuit that notifies an abnormal state of rotation. A one-phase small electric motor characterized by being comprised of one integrated circuit including an armature coil and other necessary external parts. (3) A fixed armature with an even number of 1-phase armature coils arranged at equal pitches, and field magnetic poles provided inside the rotor, with the magnetic poles and armature coils facing each other. In a one-phase electric motor with a rotating magnetic rotor, the motor is fixed to the fixed armature opposite to the magnetic rotor at a position where the output is zero when the armature coil and the magnetic poles of the armature completely oppose each other. , one magnetoelectric transducer that generates a one-phase position detection signal, and amplifies the output of the magnetoelectric transducer to generate first and second position detection signals when facing the N and S poles, respectively. A rotational speed detection circuit that outputs a voltage proportional to the rotational speed is compared with the output voltage of the rotational speed detection circuit and each of the first and second position detection signals. A detection signal is output only when the output of the comparator circuit that outputs only the portion beyond which is exceeded as the third and fourth position detection signals of the rectangular wave, and the rotation speed detection circuit described above is lower than the set value, and the rotation of the motor is An electrical circuit that notifies an abnormal state of an electric circuit, positive and negative electrodes of a DC power supply that applies voltage to the electric circuit, a charging voltage detection circuit that detects the charging voltage of the capacitor and outputs a detection signal, and a charging voltage detection circuit that detects the charging voltage of the capacitor and outputs a detection signal; An electrical circuit that controls the voltage control transistor to maintain the capacitor's charging voltage at a set value, and a rotational speed detection circuit that sets the capacitor's charging voltage only when the voltage proportional to the rotational speed is below the set value. An electric circuit that prevents the armature coil from overheating by keeping the armature coil at or below the specified value, and an electric circuit that prevents the armature coil from overheating by keeping the armature coil below the specified value. When the alternate energization of the child coils is called reciprocating energization, the transistor of the transistor circuit is energized only when the third and fourth position detection signals are at high level, and the armature coil is activated only in the high level section. A small one-phase electric motor characterized by comprising an energization control circuit for reciprocating energization, and self-starting means using cogging torque. (4) In the claim set forth in paragraph (3), a magnetoelectric conversion element, a rotational speed detection circuit, a first, second, third, fourth
An electric circuit that generates a position detection signal, an energization control circuit that uses the output of the electric circuit to energize a transistor in a transistor circuit to energize the armature coil back and forth, and an electric circuit that detects an abnormal state of rotation. 1. A one-phase small electric motor characterized by comprising one integrated circuit including an armature coil and other necessary external parts.