JPH0114325B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPH0114325B2
JPH0114325B2 JP59021907A JP2190784A JPH0114325B2 JP H0114325 B2 JPH0114325 B2 JP H0114325B2 JP 59021907 A JP59021907 A JP 59021907A JP 2190784 A JP2190784 A JP 2190784A JP H0114325 B2 JPH0114325 B2 JP H0114325B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
weight
fiber
fibers
sio
tensile strength
Prior art date
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Expired
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JP59021907A
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Japanese (ja)
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JPS60167924A (en
Inventor
Toshihiro Minaki
Junichi Ogawa
Juji Kanamori
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Nichias Corp
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Nichias Corp
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Priority to JP59021907A priority Critical patent/JPS60167924A/en
Publication of JPS60167924A publication Critical patent/JPS60167924A/en
Publication of JPH0114325B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0114325B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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  • Inorganic Fibers (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

本発明は、高度の耐熱性を有する無機質繊維に
関するものである。 約800℃をこえる高温の雰囲気で連続使用可能
な耐熱性繊維としてはセラミツク繊維が代表的な
ものであり、近年はそのすぐれた耐熱性、耐熱衝
撃性、軽量性、電気絶縁性、化学的安定性、吸音
性などを生かして、製鉄その他各種の金属工業、
化学工業、機械工業等において断熱材、高温シー
ル材、補強材、パツキング、消音材、濾材などに
広く利用されるようになつた。しかしながら、も
つとも代表的なセラミツク繊維であるアルミノシ
リケート質セラミツク繊維の場合、その耐熱限界
温度は約1500℃とされているが、実際にはそれよ
りもかなり低い温度においても劣化を起こす。す
なわち、この繊維は約980℃以上に加熱されると
ムライト結晶(3Al2O3・2SiO2)の生成により体
積収縮を起こし、もろくなつてしまう。また最大
100〜200mm程度の短繊維しか得られず、粒状物の
含有量が多いという欠点もある。また、アルミニ
ウム化合物を主成分とする粘稠な溶液から前駆体
繊維を成形し、これを焼成することにより製造さ
れる多結晶質アルミナ繊維は、融点2050℃のアル
ミナを主成分とし、本質的には高耐熱性である
が、約1200℃以上でコランダム(α―Al2O3)へ
の転移を生じ、強度が低下するとともにもろくな
る傾向があるから、この繊維も、実用上の耐熱限
界はそれほど高くない。 一方、これらの耐熱性繊維の用途分野における
各種設備は近年ますます高性能化する傾向にあ
り、それにともない、そこで使われる耐熱性繊維
材料についても一層耐熱性のすぐれたものが要望
されるようになつた。 本発明者らは、上述のような現状を背景に、よ
り高度の耐熱性を有するセラミツク繊維を求めて
鋭意研究を重ねた結果、98重量%以上がAl2O3
SiO2およびB2O3からなり、Al2O3が60ないし68
重量%、SiO2が23ないし32重量%、B2O3が5な
いし9重量%以下である、実質的に結晶質の、高
度耐熱性無機質繊維の発明を完成するに至つた。 Al2O3およびSiO2を主成分とし、更に上記特定
の比率でB2O3を含有する本発明の繊維は、細く
且つしなやかで、しかも強度の大きい長繊維状の
ものとして容易に製造することができるだけでな
く、耐熱性がすぐれており、1000℃以上の高温で
長時間使用しても、従来のものよりも物性の低下
が少ない。このような特長が特に顕著に発現する
点で好ましい組成は、Al2O362〜67重量%、
SiO225〜30重量%、B2O35〜8重量%のものであ
る。 本発明の耐熱性繊維を製造するには、多結晶質
アルミナ繊維の製造法に準じて、原料化合物を溶
解または懸濁させた紡糸液から前駆体繊維を製造
し、これを焼成すればよい。適当な原料化合物と
しては次のようなものがある。 アルミニウム化合物:塩基性塩化アルミニウム、
塩基性硝酸アルミニウム等の塩基性無機酸塩;
酢酸アルミニウム、ギ酸アルミニウム、ギ酸酢
酸アルミニウム、乳酸アルミニウム、ホウ酸安
定化酢酸アルミニウム、ホウ酸安定化ギ酸アル
ミニウム等の有機酸塩等、Al2O3に換算して好
ましくは10重量%以上の濃度まで水に可溶のも
の。 ケイ素化合物:エチルシリケート、メチルシリケ
ート等のアルコキサイドを加水分解して水溶性
ないし水分散性コロイドとしたもの、およびシ
リカゾル等。 ホウ素化合物:ホウ酸、無水ホウ酸、ホウ酸アン
モニウム、ホウ酸安定化酢酸アルミニウム、ホ
ウ酸安定化ギ酸アルミニウム等の水溶性ホウ素
化合物。 上記原料化合物を水に溶解し、Al2O3として60
〜68重量%、SiO2として23〜32重量%、B2O3
して5ないし9重量%以下の比率の混合溶液を調
製する。その際、溶解を速やかにし、また完全に
するために、エチルアルコール、メチルアルコー
ル、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセトアミ
ド、ジメチルスルホキサイド、アセトン等の、水
溶性有機溶媒を添加してもよい。その後、ろ過に
より不溶解物その他の固形物を除いたのち、粘度
が10〜1000ポアズになるまで濃縮して紡糸液とす
る。紡糸液には、紡糸する際の曳糸性を向上させ
るため、ポリエチレンオキサイド、ポリビニルア
ルコール、ポリアクリル酸エステル、ポリメタク
リル酸エステル、カルボキシメチルセルロース、
メチルセルロース等の水溶性有機重合体を添加す
ることが望ましい。 紡糸液を繊維化するには、例えば直径0.05〜5
mm程度のノズルから調湿された空気中に押出す方
法、高圧気体で吹き飛ばす方法、回転体の遠心力
を利用する方法など、この種の繊維製造に使用さ
れる製法のいずれによつてもよいが、長繊維を必
要とする場合は、押出成形法が適当である。形成
された繊維は直ちに熱風で乾燥する。 得られた前駆体繊維を、約1000〜1500℃、好ま
しくは1000〜1200℃の酸化性雰囲気で焼成する
と、本発明の繊維が得られる。 98重量%以上がAl2O3、SiO2およびB2O3から
なり、Al2O3が60ないし68重量%、SiO2が23ない
し32重量%、B2O3が5ないし9重量%である本
発明の耐熱性無機質繊維は、理由は定かでない
が、類似組成の、但しB2O3を全く含まないか微
量しか含まない多結晶質アルミナ繊維と比べる
と、耐熱性や柔軟性に優れ、かつ強靭であるか
ら、高温の炉などの断熱材として使用すると卓越
した耐久性を示すほか、織物にする場合における
加工性にも優れ、加工中および使用中の折損や切
断が少ないという特長を有する。 以下実施例および比較例を示して本発明を説明
する。 実施例 1 アルミニウム粉末から調製したギ酸アルミニウ
ムの水溶液[Al2O3として10重量%のAl(OH)
(HCOO)2を含有するもの]300gに、コロイダル
シリカ液・スノーテツクス―O(日産化学社製品,
SiO2含有量20重量%)69.3g、ホウ酸(試薬1
級)4.1gおよびポリアクリル酸エステル(有効
成分15重量%)20gを加えて均一に混合し、ろ過
したのちロータリーエバポレーターで濃縮した。
得られた濃縮液(粘度230ポアズ、酸化物として
の濃度25.3重量%)を、直径0.25mmのノズル36個
を有する紡糸口金から押出し、形成された繊維を
180m/minの速度で引取りながら乾燥した。得
られた前駆体繊維を次いで1000℃の空気中で1時
間焼成し、組成がAl2O365.1重量%、SiO229.9重
量%、B2O35重量%、平均直径が10.5μ、引張り
強度が185Kg/mm2の、透明で柔軟な繊維を得た。
この繊維は、1200℃で3時間加熱した後も177
Kg/mm2の引張強度を維持していた。 実施例 2 ギ酸酢酸アルミニウムの水溶液[Al2O3として
10重量%のAl(OH)1.5(HCOO)0.75(CH3COO)0.7
を含有するもの]300g、コロイダルシリカ液
72.6g、無水ホウ酸3.9gおよびポリアクリル酸
エステル5gを原料として使用し、且つ紡糸速度
を230m/minに変更したほかは実施例1と同様
にして、Al2O362重量%、SiO230重量%、B2O38
重量%の繊維を製造した。この繊維は、平均直径
が10.8μ、引張り強度が153Kg/mm2の、透明で柔軟
な繊維であつた。また1200℃で3時間加熱した後
も、141Kg/mm2の引張強度を維持し、透明かつ柔
軟であつた。 実施例 3 ギ酸酢酸アルミニウムの水溶液[Al2O3として
11重量%のAl(OH)1.8(HCOO)0.6(CH3COO)0.6
を含有するもの]400g、コロイダルシリカ液
85.4g、ホウ酸8.2gおよびポリアクリル酸エス
テル10gを原料として用いたほかは実施例1と同
様にして、Al2O367重量%、SiO226重量%、
B2O37重量%の繊維を製造した。この繊維は、平
均直径が9.3μ、引張り強度が208Kg/mm2の、透明
で柔軟な繊維であつた。また1200℃で3時間加熱
した後も、176Kg/mm2の引張強度を維持し、透明
かつ柔軟であつた。 比較例 1 ギ酸アルミニウムの水溶液[Al2O3として10重
量%のAl(OH)(HCOO)2を含有するもの]250
g、コロイダルシリカ液67.3gおよびポリアクリ
ル酸エステル10gを原料として用いたほかは実施
例1と同様にして、Al2O365重量%、SiO235重量
%の繊維を製造した。この繊維は、平均直径が
10.1μ、引張り強度が105Kg/mm2の、透明で柔軟な
繊維であつたが、1200℃で3時間加熱した後は、
引張強度が41Kg/mm2に低下し、やや不透明で折れ
易かつた。 比較例 2 ギ酸酢酸アルミニウムの水溶液[Al2O3として
11重量%のAl(OH)1.8(HCOO)0.6(CH3COO)0.6
を含有するもの]200g、コロイダルシリカ液178
g、無水ホウ酸1.78gおよびポリアクリル酸エス
テル10gを原料として用いたほかは実施例1と同
様にして、Al2O360重量%、SiO230重量%、
B2O310重量%の繊維を製造した。この繊維は平
均直径が12.5μ、引張り強度が97Kg/mm2であり、
1200℃で3時間加熱した後は、引張強度が54Kg/
mm2に低下し、かなりもろかつた。 実施例4〜7,比較例3〜11 実施例1の製造法に準じて、表1に示したよう
な組成の繊維(長繊維)を製造し、その36本を合
わせた繊維束を10本たばねたものにエポキシ樹脂
系集束剤溶液を含浸し、乾燥して、ロービングを
製造した。 製造直後の繊維および上記ロービングについ
て、次のような物性試験を行なつた。その結果を
表1にまとめて示す。 引張強度試験:繊維を電気炉中200℃/hrの昇温
速度で1400℃まで昇温後その温度に3時間保つ
加熱試験の前後に、SADAMEL社製引張り試
験機Micro Machineで測定した。 摩擦試験:250mmの長さに切断したロービングを
直径5mmの磨きステンレス棒に懸け、一端に重
さ300gのおもりをつけた状態で、他端を水平
方向に50mmの範囲で往復動させる。ステンレス
棒との摩擦によりロービングが切断するまでの
往復動回数を、耐摩擦性、柔軟性、耐屈曲性等
の目安として表示する。 曲げ引張強度試験:緊張状態に保つた直径0.5mm
のステンレス鋼線にロービングを懸け、固定し
たロービングの両端とステンレス鋼線との間に
引張り荷重を加えることにより、強く折り曲げ
た部分での引張り強度試験を行う。
The present invention relates to inorganic fibers having high heat resistance. Ceramic fiber is a typical heat-resistant fiber that can be used continuously in high-temperature environments exceeding approximately 800°C, and in recent years has received attention for its excellent heat resistance, thermal shock resistance, light weight, electrical insulation, and chemical stability. Taking advantage of its properties such as sound absorption and sound absorption, it is used in steel manufacturing and other various metal industries.
It has come to be widely used in the chemical industry, machinery industry, etc. for insulation materials, high-temperature sealing materials, reinforcing materials, packing, sound deadening materials, filter materials, etc. However, in the case of aluminosilicate ceramic fiber, which is a typical ceramic fiber, its heat resistance limit temperature is said to be about 1500°C, but in reality it deteriorates even at temperatures considerably lower than that. That is, when this fiber is heated to about 980° C. or higher, it undergoes volumetric contraction due to the formation of mullite crystals (3Al 2 O 3 .2SiO 2 ) and becomes brittle. Also maximum
It also has the disadvantage that only short fibers of about 100 to 200 mm can be obtained, and the content of granules is high. In addition, polycrystalline alumina fiber, which is produced by molding a precursor fiber from a viscous solution containing an aluminum compound as its main component and firing it, is composed mainly of alumina with a melting point of 2050°C, and essentially Although this fiber has high heat resistance, it undergoes a transition to corundum (α-Al 2 O 3 ) at temperatures above about 1200°C, which reduces its strength and tends to become brittle, so this fiber also has a practical heat resistance limit. It's not that expensive. On the other hand, in recent years, the various types of equipment in which these heat-resistant fibers are used have tended to become more and more sophisticated, and as a result, the heat-resistant fiber materials used there are also required to have even better heat resistance. Summer. Against the background of the above-mentioned current situation, the present inventors have conducted intensive research in search of ceramic fibers with higher heat resistance .
Consisting of SiO 2 and B 2 O 3 , Al 2 O 3 is 60 to 68
The inventors have completed the invention of a substantially crystalline, highly heat-resistant inorganic fiber containing 23 to 32 weight % SiO 2 and 5 to 9 weight % B 2 O 3 . The fiber of the present invention, which contains Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 as main components and further contains B 2 O 3 in the above-mentioned specific ratio, is thin and flexible, and can be easily produced in the form of long fibers with high strength. It not only has excellent heat resistance, but even when used for long periods at high temperatures of 1,000°C or higher, its physical properties deteriorate less than conventional products. Preferred compositions in which such features are particularly prominent are 62 to 67% by weight of Al 2 O 3 ;
It contains 25 to 30% by weight of SiO 2 and 5 to 8% by weight of B 2 O 3 . In order to produce the heat-resistant fiber of the present invention, precursor fibers may be produced from a spinning solution in which raw material compounds are dissolved or suspended, and then fired, in accordance with the method for producing polycrystalline alumina fibers. Suitable raw material compounds include the following. Aluminum compound: basic aluminum chloride,
Basic inorganic acid salts such as basic aluminum nitrate;
Organic acid salts such as aluminum acetate, aluminum formate, aluminum formate, aluminum lactate, boric acid stabilized aluminum acetate, boric acid stabilized aluminum formate, etc., preferably up to a concentration of 10% by weight or more in terms of Al 2 O 3 Something soluble in water. Silicon compounds: Water-soluble or water-dispersible colloids obtained by hydrolyzing alkoxides such as ethyl silicate and methyl silicate, and silica sol. Boron compounds: water-soluble boron compounds such as boric acid, boric anhydride, ammonium borate, boric acid stabilized aluminum acetate, boric acid stabilized aluminum formate, etc. Dissolve the above raw material compound in water and convert it to 60% as Al 2 O 3 .
A mixed solution having a ratio of ~68% by weight, 23 to 32% by weight as SiO2 , and 5 to 9% by weight as B2O3 is prepared. At this time, a water-soluble organic solvent such as ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, acetone, etc. may be added in order to speed up and complete the dissolution. Thereafter, insoluble matters and other solid matters are removed by filtration, and the mixture is concentrated to a spinning solution having a viscosity of 10 to 1000 poise. The spinning solution contains polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic ester, polymethacrylic ester, carboxymethyl cellulose,
It is desirable to add a water-soluble organic polymer such as methylcellulose. In order to make the spinning solution into fibers, for example, the diameter is 0.05 to 5.
Any of the manufacturing methods used for this type of fiber production may be used, such as extrusion through a nozzle of about mm in size into conditioned air, blowing with high-pressure gas, or utilizing the centrifugal force of a rotating body. However, when long fibers are required, extrusion molding is suitable. The formed fibers are immediately dried with hot air. The fiber of the present invention is obtained by firing the obtained precursor fiber in an oxidizing atmosphere at about 1000-1500°C, preferably 1000-1200°C. At least 98% by weight consists of Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 and B 2 O 3 , 60 to 68% by weight of Al 2 O 3 , 23 to 32% by weight of SiO 2 , and 5 to 9% by weight of B 2 O 3 Although the reason is not clear, the heat-resistant inorganic fiber of the present invention has better heat resistance and flexibility than polycrystalline alumina fiber of similar composition but containing no or only a trace amount of B 2 O 3 . Because it is excellent and strong, it exhibits outstanding durability when used as an insulating material in high-temperature furnaces, etc. It also has excellent processability when made into textiles, and has the advantage of being less likely to break or break during processing or use. has. The present invention will be explained below with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples. Example 1 Aqueous solution of aluminum formate prepared from aluminum powder [10% by weight Al(OH) as Al 2 O 3
(HCOO) 2 ] To 300g, add colloidal silica liquid Snotex-O (product of Nissan Chemical Co., Ltd.,
SiO 2 content 20% by weight) 69.3g, boric acid (Reagent 1
4.1 g of polyacrylic acid ester (15% by weight) and 20 g of polyacrylic acid ester (active ingredient: 15% by weight) were added, mixed uniformly, filtered, and then concentrated using a rotary evaporator.
The resulting concentrate (viscosity 230 poise, oxide concentration 25.3% by weight) was extruded through a spinneret with 36 nozzles with a diameter of 0.25 mm, and the formed fibers were extruded.
It was dried while being pulled at a speed of 180 m/min. The obtained precursor fiber was then calcined in air at 1000°C for 1 hour, and the composition was 65.1% by weight of Al 2 O 3 , 29.9% by weight of SiO 2 , 5% by weight of B 2 O 3 , the average diameter was 10.5μ, and the tensile strength was A transparent and flexible fiber with a strength of 185 Kg/mm 2 was obtained.
This fiber remained at 177% even after heating at 1200℃ for 3 hours.
It maintained a tensile strength of Kg/ mm2 . Example 2 Aqueous solution of aluminum formate acetate [as Al 2 O 3
10 wt% Al(OH) 1.5 ( HCOO ) 0.75 ( CH3COO ) 0.7
5 ] 300g, colloidal silica liquid
72.6 g, boric anhydride 3.9 g, and polyacrylic acid ester 5 g were used as raw materials, and the spinning speed was changed to 230 m/min, but in the same manner as in Example 1, Al 2 O 3 62% by weight, SiO 2 30% by weight, B2O38
% fiber by weight was produced. The fibers were transparent and flexible with an average diameter of 10.8μ and a tensile strength of 153Kg/mm 2 . Furthermore, even after heating at 1200°C for 3 hours, it maintained a tensile strength of 141 Kg/mm 2 and remained transparent and flexible. Example 3 Aqueous solution of aluminum formate acetate [as Al 2 O 3
11 wt% Al(OH) 1.8 (HCOO) 0.6 ( CH3COO ) 0.6
] 400g, colloidal silica liquid
85.4g, boric acid 8.2g and polyacrylic acid ester 10g were used as raw materials, but in the same manner as in Example 1, Al 2 O 3 67% by weight, SiO 2 26% by weight,
A fiber containing 7% B 2 O 3 by weight was produced. The fibers were transparent and flexible with an average diameter of 9.3μ and a tensile strength of 208Kg/mm 2 . Furthermore, even after heating at 1200°C for 3 hours, it maintained a tensile strength of 176 Kg/mm 2 and remained transparent and flexible. Comparative Example 1 Aqueous solution of aluminum formate [containing 10% by weight of Al(OH)( HCOO ) 2 as Al2O3 ] 250
A fiber containing 65% by weight of Al 2 O 3 and 35% by weight of SiO 2 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 67.3g of colloidal silica liquid and 10g of polyacrylic acid ester were used as raw materials. This fiber has an average diameter of
It was a transparent and flexible fiber with a diameter of 10.1μ and a tensile strength of 105Kg/ mm2 , but after heating at 1200℃ for 3 hours,
The tensile strength decreased to 41Kg/mm 2 , and it was somewhat opaque and easily broken. Comparative Example 2 Aqueous solution of aluminum formate acetate [as Al 2 O 3
11 wt% Al(OH) 1.8 (HCOO) 0.6 ( CH3COO ) 0.6
] 200g, colloidal silica liquid 178
g, 60% by weight of Al2O3 , 30% by weight of SiO2 ,
Fibers with 10% B 2 O 3 by weight were produced. The fibers have an average diameter of 12.5μ and a tensile strength of 97Kg/ mm2 .
After heating at 1200℃ for 3 hours, the tensile strength is 54Kg/
mm 2 and was quite brittle. Examples 4 to 7, Comparative Examples 3 to 11 Fibers (long fibers) having the composition shown in Table 1 were produced according to the production method of Example 1, and 10 fiber bundles of 36 fibers were produced. The rolled material was impregnated with an epoxy resin sizing agent solution and dried to produce rovings. The following physical property tests were conducted on the fibers and the above-mentioned roving immediately after production. The results are summarized in Table 1. Tensile strength test: The fibers were heated to 1400°C in an electric furnace at a heating rate of 200°C/hr and then held at that temperature for 3 hours before and after the heating test using a tensile tester Micro Machine manufactured by SADAMEL. Friction test: A roving cut to a length of 250 mm is hung on a polished stainless steel rod with a diameter of 5 mm, and with a weight of 300 g attached to one end, the other end is moved horizontally within a range of 50 mm. The number of reciprocating movements until the roving breaks due to friction with the stainless steel rod is displayed as a guide for friction resistance, flexibility, bending resistance, etc. Bending tensile strength test: Diameter 0.5mm kept under tension
A tensile strength test is performed at a strongly bent portion by hanging a roving on a stainless steel wire and applying a tensile load between both ends of the fixed roving and the stainless steel wire.

【表】【table】

【表】【table】

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 98重量%以上がAl2O3、SiO2およびB2O3
らなり、Al2O3が60ないし68重量%、SiO2が23な
いし32重量%、B2O3が5ないし9重量%である
耐熱性無機質繊維。
1 Consists of 98% by weight or more of Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 and B 2 O 3 , 60 to 68% by weight of Al 2 O 3 , 23 to 32% by weight of SiO 2 , and 5 to 9% by weight of B 2 O 3 % heat-resistant inorganic fiber.
JP59021907A 1984-02-10 1984-02-10 Inorganic fiber Granted JPS60167924A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP59021907A JPS60167924A (en) 1984-02-10 1984-02-10 Inorganic fiber

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP59021907A JPS60167924A (en) 1984-02-10 1984-02-10 Inorganic fiber

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS60167924A JPS60167924A (en) 1985-08-31
JPH0114325B2 true JPH0114325B2 (en) 1989-03-10

Family

ID=12068165

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP59021907A Granted JPS60167924A (en) 1984-02-10 1984-02-10 Inorganic fiber

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS60167924A (en)

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4047965A (en) * 1976-05-04 1977-09-13 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Non-frangible alumina-silica fibers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS60167924A (en) 1985-08-31

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