JPH01200112A - Refuse incinerator - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable prevention of the occurrence of pollution, e.g., smell generated during the initial stage of operation, by a method wherein a refuse accumulating part having capacity lower than that of an incinerator body is mounted to the upper stream part of an incinerator body, and combustion during the initial stage of operation is effected by the accumulating part. CONSTITUTION:During normal operation, refuse charged in a hopper 1 is accumulated at an accumulating part 4. After the refuse is preliminarily dried by means of high temperature gas fed to the accumulating part 4, it is fed in an incinerator body 10 for incineration. Right before the stop of operation, refuse residing in the accumulating part 4 is burnt off without feeding it to the incinerator body 10 side, and the incineration ash is preserved at the incinerating part 4 in a state to be left at a high temperature. During the starting of operation, a small amount of refuse is charged in the accumulating part 4, through effective utilization of heat possessed by the incineration ash and a heat accumulating part, e.g., refractory heat insulating material, the refuse is ignited together with air the temperature of which is increased. Combustion is started by the accumulating part 4 by means of the ignited refuse serving as a pilot fire to promote increase of the temperature of the incinerator body 10. At a stage in which combustion at the accumulating part 4 is progressed, accumulated incineration ash is orderly fed in the incinerator body 10 to perform rapid and smooth migration to normal operation.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to a garbage incinerator that incinerates general waste, industrial waste, and the like.

(Prior art) Conventionally, for example, when operating a stoker furnace intermittently, the temperature inside the incinerator decreases between the end of operation and the start of operation the next morning. However, if the auxiliary combustion burner or the like is used, the fuel cost will increase, so a buried fire method is adopted for -a.

This method attempts to suppress the drop in temperature inside the furnace that occurs during the downtime between the end of operation and the start of operation.
Just before the end of operation, approximately one hour's worth of waste is added to the incinerator, and a small amount of air is supplied to this incinerator, using the remaining embers and heat stored in the refractories inside the incinerator to continue discharging the waste little by little during the closure period. By continuing combustion, the temperature inside the furnace at the start of operation was maintained as high as possible.

(Problem to be Solved by the Invention) However, in the case of the above-mentioned buried fire method, the temperature of the exhaust gas gradually decreases over time during closed hours, which may lead to corrosion of subsequent equipment such as electrostatic precipitators. For this reason, exhaust gas is collected by air preheaters, electrostatic precipitators,
In many cases, the smoke is guided directly into the chimney, bypassing an induced draft fan, etc., and as a result, colored smoke containing soot and dust is emitted from the chimney. Furthermore, since the combustion temperature is lowered, the thermal decomposition of odor components in the exhaust gas is insufficient, and odor pollution may occur depending on the quality of the waste, weather conditions, etc. Furthermore, since combustion continued during business hours, there were problems with fire prevention and other facility management.

As a solution to these problems, there is a so-called burn-off method, in which the garbage in the furnace is completely incinerated and then the operation is stopped. Although this method does not cause the above-mentioned problem because untreated gas is not discharged during business downtime, there is no longer a heat source in the furnace due to the combustion of waste, and the temperature drops by the next morning, so it takes a long time at the start of operation. In addition to the need for auxiliary combustion, auxiliary combustion using a burner causes the temperature inside the furnace to rise slowly, so there is a problem that garbage that burns while the temperature inside the furnace reaches the appropriate temperature causes incomplete combustion and generates black smoke and odor pollution. .

On the other hand, when operating a fluidized bed furnace intermittently, the waste thrown into the furnace is crushed, so it ignites quickly, the combustion time is short, and the fluidized sand retains a large amount of heat, making it easy to start the furnace. Since operation can be stopped quickly, there is an advantage that no pollution such as colored smoke, black smoke, or odor is generated during closed hours or when starting operation. However, compared to a stoker furnace,
Not only would extra equipment be needed to crush the trash and move and circulate the sand, but the power requirements would also be far greater.

In addition, a large amount of air is required to fluidize the sand, which causes the fluidized sand to easily lose its retained heat, and when the quality of the waste deteriorates, the problem arises that the amount of auxiliary combustion increases compared to a stoker furnace.

(Means for Solving the Problems) The garbage incinerator of the present invention is a garbage incinerator that incinerates garbage such as general waste and industrial waste, and the garbage incinerator is fed into the upstream part of the incinerator body from the input port. A depositing section is provided for accumulating waste, and this depositing section has a smaller capacity than the incinerator main body and has excellent heat storage properties.Furthermore, drying or combustion gas is supplied to the depositing section, and the waste is A supply means is provided for supplying waste to the incinerator main body from an outlet formed at the lower part of the deposition section.

(Function) During normal operation, the garbage put into the hopper is deposited in the accumulation section, and after being pre-dried by the high-temperature gas supplied to this accumulation section, the garbage is sent into the incinerator main body of the conventional structure. Incinerate. Immediately before the operation is stopped, the garbage accumulated in the pile is burned off without being sent to the incinerator main body, and the incinerated ash is stored at a high temperature in the pile. For example, when starting operation the next morning, a small amount of garbage is put into the pile and the temperature is raised by effectively utilizing the high-temperature incinerated ash accumulated in the pile and the amount of heat held by heat storage parts such as fireproof insulation materials. The waste is ignited by the air, and the waste is used as a spark to start combustion in the accumulation area, promoting the temperature rise of the incinerator body. Then, at a stage when combustion in the accumulation section has progressed, the accumulated incineration ash is sequentially sent into the incinerator main body, and normal operation is quickly and smoothly resumed.

(Example) Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic structure of a waste incinerator according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 shows a schematic structure of a depositing section provided in this waste incinerator.

In this example, a stoker furnace will be used as an example of an incinerator.

In the figure, 1 is a hopper, and garbage stored in a garbage pit (not shown) is transported to the hopper by a crane (not shown).
will be put into the The hopper l is communicated with the chute 3 via the feeder 2, and the garbage thrown into the hopper 1 is
It is supplied to a chute 3 by a feeder 2, and is deposited from this chute 3 into a deposition section 4. The chute 3 is composed of a water-cooled wall and a heat-resistant member. The chute 3 is provided with an opening/closing gate 7, and when the opening/closing gate 7 is closed, the chute 3 is blocked. Further, the middle part of the chute 3 located below the opening/closing gate 7 and the upper part of the incinerator main body 1O are communicated by a flue 8 having a damper 9, so that the gas generated in the deposition part 4 flows through the flue 8. The fuel is then sent to the upper part of the incinerator main body IO. The opening/closing gate 7 may be provided at the upper part of the depositing section 4, and in this case, the flue 8 will be connected to the upper part of the depositing section 4 located below the opening/closing gate 7.

The side walls and bottom wall of the depositing section 4 are constituted by walls 5 having excellent heat storage properties and fire resistance, so that the inside of the depositing section 4 has high heat storage properties. Accumulation section 4 located on the incinerator main body 10 side
A discharge port 4a is formed in the lower part of the discharge port 4a. Further, at the lower part of the accumulation section 4, there is a button 6 for pushing out the garbage or ash accumulated in the accumulation section 4 from the discharge port 4a to the incinerator main body 10.
(supply means) is provided. The supply means is not limited to the busher 6, but may be a conveyor, for example.

Furthermore, supply pipes 20 are branched and connected to the upper and lower parts of the depositing section 4, respectively, for supplying air for drying garbage or burning trash to the depositing section 4. It is connected to an air blower (not shown) via an air preheater 21 embedded in 5. The air preheater 21 is used to raise the temperature of the air passing through it by using the amount of heat stored in the wall 5 due to combustion in the incinerator, and this heated air is stored in the accumulation section 4 as waste. It is supplied for drying or waste combustion. Specifically, the air supplied during normal operation is used for drying garbage, and at the start of operation, it is used for burning garbage.

In this example, the gas supplied to the deposition section 4 is air heated by using the heat stored in the wall 5. However, the present invention is not limited to this. Alternatively, the casing of the incinerator body 10 may have a double structure, and the high temperature air retained therein may be utilized.

Reference numerals 20a, 20b, and 20c in the figure are dampers.

The incinerator body 10 is provided with a conventionally known drying grate 11, combustion grate 12, and the like.

Further, the upper part of the incinerator main body 10 is connected with subsequent equipment. This subsequent equipment includes a gas cooling chamber 15, an air preheater 16, an electrostatic precipitator 17, an induced draft fan 18, and a chimney 19, which are provided in the above order.

Next, the incineration of garbage by the garbage incinerator configured as described above will be explained.

First, during normal operation, garbage put into the hopper 1 is deposited in the depositing section 4 via the feeder 2 and the chute 3. Then, air heated by the air preheater 21 is supplied to the waste in the accumulation section 4 to pre-dry the waste, and then the waste is pre-dried.
While loosening the garbage, a certain amount is supplied to the drying grate 11, and then sent to the drying grate 11 and the combustion grate 12,
It is discharged downward as incineration ash.

Next, just before the operation is stopped, the bushier 6 is stopped, and the garbage accumulated in the accumulation section 4 is burned by the radiant heat and high temperature air in the incinerator main body 10, and is turned into incinerated ash in the accumulation section 4. The gas generated during this combustion is absorbed by the smoke channel 8 installed at the top.
is sent to the incinerator main body IO. Since the work continues in the incinerator body 10 until the remaining amount of garbage is completely incinerated, the generated gas is sent to the gas cooling chamber 15, air preheater 16, electrostatic precipitator 17, and attractant along with the gas coming from the flue 8. After passing through the ventilation fan 18 and undergoing pollution prevention treatment, it is released into the atmosphere from the chimney 19. Then, when all combustion is completed, the opening/closing gate 7 and the damper 9 are closed, and the incinerated ash deposited in the depositing section 4 is held at a high temperature in the depositing section 4.

When the operation starts the next morning, first, open/close gate 7,
The damper 9 is opened and garbage is introduced little by little into the accumulation section 4 via the feeder 2 and the chute 3, and the air heated by the air preheater 21 buried in the wall 5 is used for combustion of the garbage through the supply pipe 20. When supplied from the source, the garbage thrown in will ignite immediately.

Therefore, if the amount of garbage thrown in is gradually increased, the fire will become stronger and the temperature inside the furnace will begin to rise due to this effect. and,
If the incinerated ash accumulated in the accumulation section 4 is gradually sent out to the drying grate 11 by the pusher 6, the temperature inside the incinerator will rise sufficiently by the time the incineration ash from the accumulation section 4 is finished being discharged.
The state is ready for normal operation.

In this case, since the initial combustion is carried out in the narrow deposition section 4, the temperature rise time is quick, and the generation of odor and black smoke can be prevented. In addition, since the temperature rise for transitioning to normal operation is also performed using the heat generated by the waste, it is much faster than auxiliary combustion using a burner, and the electrostatic precipitator 17 can be operated quickly.

Incinerators are not limited to stoker furnaces.
For example, a vertical furnace may be used.

(Effects of the Invention) As described above, according to the present invention, a depositing section with a smaller capacity than the incinerator main body is provided in the upstream part of the incinerator main body, and combustion is performed in this depositing section in the initial stage of operation. Pollution such as odors and black smoke that occur in the initial stage can be prevented. Furthermore, since the temperature inside the incinerator is raised using the heat generated by the waste, it is much faster than raising the temperature using a burner, and the incinerator can quickly return to normal operation. Not only is it possible to prevent pollution to the same degree or more than a fluidized bed furnace, but the equipment cost is lower than that of a fluidized bed furnace, and operation and expenses can be reduced.

Furthermore, during normal operation, drying air is sent to the accumulation section and a supply means such as a bushing is used to loosen the waste, which has the effect of pre-drying the waste. It becomes possible to reduce the grate area.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic structure of a waste incinerator according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a schematic structure of a depositing section provided in the waste incinerator. 4... Accumulation part 5... Wall body 6... Butsusha (supply means) lO... Incinerator main body Applicant Plantech Co., Ltd.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1) A garbage incinerator for incinerating garbage such as general waste and industrial waste, which is provided with a depositing section in the upstream part of the incinerator main body to deposit garbage input from an input port. This stacking section has a smaller capacity than the incinerator main body and has excellent heat storage properties.Furthermore, the stacking section is supplied with drying or combustion gas, and the exhaust gas formed at the bottom of the stacking section is supplied with gas for drying or combustion. A garbage incinerator characterized by being provided with a supply means for supplying garbage from an outlet to an incinerator main body.