JPH0120962Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] The present invention relates to a dialysis device for blood, etc., and more particularly to a dialysis device equipped with a device for measuring overspeed and excess volume of a dialyzer.

The overspeed of the dialyzer in a dialysis machine can be adjusted using a negative pressure pump or throttle valve installed in the waste fluid discharge path from the dialyzer, and the operator must take care to avoid adverse effects on the patient. Negative pressure is set by adjusting the rotational speed of the negative pressure pump and the throttle angle of the throttle valve to obtain appropriate overspeed and overflow.

The present invention aims to provide a dialysis machine with a simple structure and a measuring device that can accurately measure overspeed and overdose.

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the illustrated embodiments.

In the figure, 1 is a dialyzer, and a dialysate supply device 2 is connected to the dialysate supply port of the dialyzer 1.
A supply line 16 for supplying dialysate is connected to the dialyzer 1, and a waste liquid outlet 17 is connected to the waste liquid outlet of the dialyzer 1. The dialysate supply path 16 includes, in order from the upstream side, a three-way solenoid valve V ₁ ,
A flow meter 5 and a constant flow valve _V6 are provided. On the other hand, the waste liquid discharge path 17 is provided with an overpressure sensor 7, a throttle valve V ₇ , a negative pressure pump 6, and a three-way solenoid valve V ₂ in this order from the upstream side. The downstream end of the waste liquid discharge path 17 leads into the waste liquid temporary storage tank 8 .

The device for measuring overspeed and overload by the dialyzer 1 is composed of a measurement tank 9, a measurement tube 11, a measurement sensor 20, and a computer 19, and has the configuration as shown below.

The measurement tank has a partition wall 10 at the center thereof, and the tank 9 is divided into a primary chamber 9a and a secondary chamber 9b by this partition wall.

The primary side chamber 9a is connected to a bypass 16a of the dialysate supply path 16. A two-way solenoid valve _V3 is provided on the dialysate supply side of the bypass 16a.
In addition, a pump 1 is provided on the dialysate discharge side of the bypass 16a.
8, one end of which is connected to the above three-way solenoid valve.
Connected to normally closed port NC of V ₁ . The secondary side chamber 9b is a bypass 117a of the waste liquid discharge path 17.
is connected to. A two-way solenoid valve _V4 is provided on the waste liquid discharge side of the bypass 17a, one end of which is led into the waste liquid temporary storage tank 8. Bypass 1
One end of the waste liquid supply side of 7a is connected to the above three-way solenoid valve _V2.
Connected to normally closed port NC.

The two chambers 9a and 9b communicate with each other through a single coiled communication tube 14. That is, this communication pipe 1
4 has one end 14a opening into the primary side chamber 9a, and the other end 14b opening into the secondary side chamber 9b. This communication pipe 14 is connected to the partition wall 10
It passes through a through hole 10a bored in the hole 10a. moreover,
The vicinity of each end 14a, 14b of this communication pipe 14 is formed in an inverted U-shape, and the inverted U-shaped portion 1
4c and 14d are made of transparent tubes and are made to protrude outside the respective chambers 9a and 9b. Each of these inverted U-shaped parts has a photoelectric sensor 12,
13 are placed. These photoelectric sensors are emitters 12a, 13a and receiver 12, respectively.
b, 13b. Further, an air injector 15 is connected to one inverted U-shaped portion 14d. This air injector 15 is for injecting air bubbles into the communication pipe 14. In addition, 3a,
3b is a cock valve that controls the amount of air injected by the air injector 15.

The measurement tube 11 is made of a translucent material,
It is erected at the top of the secondary chamber 9b and is communicated with the secondary chamber 9b. This measurement tube 11
A two-way solenoid valve _V5 is installed above the pipe to open and close communication between the inside of the pipe and the outside air.

The measurement sensor 20 is a photoelectric sensor that detects the liquid level in the measurement tube 11, and is composed of a light projector array 20b and a light receiver array 20a, which are placed on both sides of the measurement tube 11. The light projector array 20b is constructed by arranging light projectors a to f, z, y in the vertical direction, and the light receiver array 20a is constructed by arranging the light projectors a to f, z, y in the vertical direction.
The light receivers a' to f', z', and y' corresponding to y are arranged vertically.

The measurement sensor 20 and the solenoid valves V ₁ to _{V 5} ,
The constant flow valve V ₆ , the throttle valve V ₇ , the flow meter 5 , the overpressure sensor 7 and the pump 18 are connected to a computer 19 .

The dialysis apparatus according to this embodiment has the above-mentioned configuration, and its operation procedure is as follows.

In this dialysis machine, dialysis is performed continuously, but overspeed and overload measurements are carried out continuously for, for example, two minutes, and the next two minutes are used for preparatory operations for supplying dialysate into the tank 9. This operation is then repeated during 5 hours of dialysis.

Initial state Open the two-way solenoid valve V ₃ and dialysate supply device 2
The dialysate is supplied to the secondary chamber 9b via the primary chamber 9a, the communication tube 14, and the communication tube, thereby filling each chamber and the communication tube with the dialysate. Next, air bubbles are injected using the air injector 15 into the inverted U-shaped portion 14d of the communicating tube 14 filled with dialysate up to a position detected by the photoelectric sensor 13. At this time, it is assumed that the liquid level in the measuring tube 11 is l.

Measurement state The normally closed ports NC of the three-way solenoid valves V ₁ and V ₂ are communicated with each common port COM, and the pump 18 is activated. Note that the two-way solenoid valves V ₃ and V ₄ are closed. Then, the dialysate is supplied to the dialyzer 1 from the primary side chamber 9a of the tank 9, while the waste liquid from the dialyzer 1 that has undergone dialysis is supplied to the secondary side chamber 9b. Therefore, air injector 1
The bubbles injected into the communication pipe 14 by 5 move from the inverted U-shaped portion 14d toward the inverted U-shaped portion 14c due to the difference between the hydraulic pressure in the primary chamber 9a and the hydraulic pressure in the secondary chamber 9b. . Since the waste liquid supplied to the secondary side chamber 9b contains filtered moisture and waste products,
The volume of the waste liquid is larger than the volume of dialysate discharged from the primary chamber 9a by an excess amount, and therefore the liquid level in the measuring tube 11 rises in accordance with the excess amount supplied to the secondary chamber. In other words, during the predetermined set measurement time (for example, 2 minutes), the liquid level will be lower than the initial position l.
If the liquid level rises to l', the excess amount during the set measuring time by the dialyzer 1 is equal to the liquid amount between the liquid level l and l'.

At the same time as the liquid level in the measuring tube 11 rises, the air bubbles injected into the communicating tube 14
4 moves from the secondary chamber 9b to the primary chamber 9a. This movement of bubbles is detected by each photoelectric sensor 13, 12. The output signals of each photoelectric sensor 13, 12 are sent to the computer 1.
Sent to 9th.

The measurement time starts from the time when the photoelectric sensor 13 detects the start of the movement of bubbles to the time when the photoelectric sensor 12 starts moving.
is the time when the arrival of the bubble is detected. This measurement time interval is measured by the computer 19. The liquid level within the measurement tube 11 that has risen during this measurement time is measured. That is, if the liquid level rises from the initial position l to l' during the measurement time, the excess amount of dialyzer during the measurement time is equal to the liquid volume between the liquid level l and l'.

As described above, the signal from the metering sensor 20 indicating the liquid level in the measuring tube 11 is output to the computer 19, and the computer 19
The overspeed can be instantaneously calculated from the measurement time and the excess amount during the measurement time. If the overspeed is different from the appropriate value, use negative pressure pump 6 or throttle valve V ₇
Adjust the overspeed to the appropriate value.

The function of the communication pipe 14 is to connect the primary side chamber 9 when the metering is over.
According to the amount of dialysate supplied to the dialyzer 1 from a, the waste liquid is replenished from the secondary side chamber to the primary side chamber through the communication pipe 14. At this time, the air bubbles injected into the communication pipe separate the fresh dialysate in the primary chamber from the waste liquid in the secondary chamber, and the bubbles move in response to the movement of the liquid.

If desired, by measuring the volume between the two photoelectric sensors of the communication tube 14, it is possible to measure the amount of dialysate delivered from the primary chamber 9a to the dialyzer 1 within the measurement time.

The liquid level during the set measurement time is output to the computer 19, and the computer calculates and displays the overspeed from the set measurement time and the excess amount during the set measurement time. For example, the overspeed Vi at the i-th measurement is calculated by a computer.
Increase in liquid volume calculated from changes in liquid level li ₁ and li ₂ at measurement start and end times ti ₁ and ti ₂
Based on Qi, find Vi=Qi/ti ₂ −ti ₁ =Qi/Δt.

Note that when measuring for 2 minutes, measurements can be taken continuously from moment to moment within that 2 minutes, so shocks from valve switching operations, vibrations, and other fluctuation factors that affect measurements can be removed or removed using signal processing and mathematical processing. Accuracy can be improved by performing operations such as smoothing.

Preparation state When a predetermined set measurement time elapses, for example 2 minutes, each normally open port NO of the three-way solenoid valves V ₁ and V ₂ and each common port COM are communicated, and the pump 1
Stop the operation of 8. Next, the two-way solenoid valve V ₅ is closed, the two-way solenoid valves V ₃ and V ₄ are both opened, and the dialysate is supplied from the dialysate supply path 16 to the dialyzer and to the primary side chamber 9a of the tank 9. On the other hand, the waste liquid in the secondary chamber 9b is discharged by the pressure of the dialysate supplied in the primary chamber 9a. That is, when the dialysate is supplied into the primary chamber 9a, the fluid in the communication pipe 14 moves from the primary chamber 9a toward the secondary chamber 9b while being isolated by air bubbles depending on the amount of dialysate supplied. Of course, at this time, the bubbles located at the photoelectric sensor 12 are also moved together. When the bubble is detected by the photoelectric sensor 13, the two-way solenoid valves V ₃ and V ₄ are closed.

Next, open the two-way solenoid valve V ₄ again and open the measurement tube 1.
The waste liquid in the secondary side chamber 9b is discharged until the liquid level of No. 1 reaches the initial position l, and the two-way solenoid valve _V4 is closed when the liquid level reaches the initial position l.

It should be noted that even during the preparation period, the dialysate is supplied to the dialyzer 1 and dialysis continues as described above, but the overspeed and excess amount during this period are calculated and displayed by the computer 19 as follows. In other words, when the i-th measurement, for example, 2 minutes, is completed, there is a preparation period for the next i+1-th measurement, for example, the overspeed for 2 minutes is calculated by extrapolating the overspeed measured at the previous i-th or several points in the past. I ask. The overspeed pattern generally does not change abruptly, but is rather monotonous;
(Rapid changes are not good for patients.) For example, if measurements are taken at 2 minute intervals during dialysis for 5 hours, the pattern will be reproduced almost exactly because the measurements will be repeated 75 times. Also, since the time delay is not so much of a problem with overload, the average value Qi of the i-th measured overload Qi and the i+1th measured overload Qi+1 is
You can use Qi+Qi+1/2.

The cumulative excess amount Qt is determined by Qt = ΣQi + ΣQ′i.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but can be implemented in various other ways.

For example, the primary side chamber 9a and the secondary side chamber 9b may each be constituted by independent and separate tanks.

Further, the communication tube 14 does not necessarily have to be coiled, and may have any shape.

Furthermore, the measurement sensor 20 does not necessarily have to be a photoelectric sensor; instead, a magnetic float may be floated in the measurement tube 11 while the measurement tube 11
A reed switch may be provided externally to detect the position of the magnetic float, that is, the liquid level, or a method of reading the water head using an electric differential pressure gauge may also be used.

As is clear from the specific description of the embodiments above, the dialysis apparatus according to the present invention has a system consisting of a dialysate supply path to the dialyzer and a waste liquid discharge path from the dialyzer, which measures overspeed and accumulates over time. Since a measuring device was installed to measure the dialysis, it is possible to constantly monitor overspeed and cumulative overdose during dialysis.

In addition, the measuring device of this dialysis machine connects the primary side chamber for storing dialysate and the secondary side chamber for storing waste liquid with a communication pipe, and crosses the dialysate supplied from the primary side tank to the dialyzer. The amount of waste liquid supplied from the dialyzer to the secondary tank is regarded as the overflow of the dialyzer, and this is replaced by the liquid level fluctuation in the measuring tube, and the liquid level fluctuation is measured by sensor 2.
0, and also measures overspeed and cumulative overload based on the signal from the measurement sensor, and the measurement is performed intermittently, so the device configuration is simple and compact. This makes it possible to measure overspeed and overload with extremely high accuracy. Further, since the measurement sensor itself for detecting the liquid level in the measurement tube can be a well-known and relatively inexpensive photoelectric sensor, this device can be provided at a relatively low cost.

Furthermore, the primary side chamber and the secondary side chamber are connected through a communication pipe, air bubbles are introduced into the communication pipe, the movement of the air bubbles is detected by sensors on both sides of the communication pipe, and the signal is output to a computer. Since the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve is controlled, it can be controlled according to the actual amount of liquid movement in the measurement tank.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawing is a diagram of a dialysis machine showing one embodiment of the present invention. 1... dialyzer, 2... dialysate supply device, 5... flow meter, 6... negative pressure pump, 7...
Overpressure sensor, 8... Waste liquid temporary storage tank, 9...
Measuring tank, 9a...Primary side chamber, 9b...Secondary side chamber, 10...Partition wall, 11...Measuring tube, 12, 13
...Photoelectric sensor, 12a, 13a...Floodlight,
12b, 13b... Light receiver, 14... Communication tube, 1
4a, 14b... end, 14c, 14d... U-shaped part, 15... air infuser, 16... dialysate supply path, 16a... bypass, 17... waste liquid discharge path,
17a... Bypass, 18... Pump, 19...
Computer, V ₁ , V ₂ ... Three-way solenoid valve,
V ₃ , V ₄ , V ₅ ... Two-way solenoid valve, V ₆ ... Constant flow valve, V ₇ ... Throttle valve.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] The dialysis apparatus is equipped with a system for supplying dialysate through a supply path to a dialyzer and discharging waste fluid from the dialyzer, and a measuring device for measuring overspeed and excess volume of the dialyzer, the measuring device being a measuring device for measuring overspeed and overflow of the dialyzer. Consisting of a tank, a measurement tube, a measurement sensor, and a computer, the measurement tank consists of a primary chamber and a secondary chamber that are connected by a single communication tube. Formed in a U-shape,
A photoelectric sensor is arranged in each chamber, and an air injector is installed in one of the inverted U-shaped portions, and both photoelectric sensors detect the movement of air bubbles and output a signal to the computer. The secondary side chamber is connected to the bypass of the above-mentioned dialysate supply path, while the secondary side chamber is connected to the bypass of the above-mentioned waste liquid discharge path, and the dialysate is supplied from the dialysate supply path to the primary side chamber, and from the primary side chamber to the dialysate supply path. The return of the dialysate, the supply of waste liquid from the waste liquid discharge path to the secondary side chamber, and the discharge of waste liquid from the secondary side chamber are each controlled by electromagnetic valves, and the measurement tube is installed upright at the top of the secondary side chamber. , and communicated with the secondary chamber, and the measurement sensor detects the liquid level in the measurement pipe and outputs a signal to the computer, and the computer controls the electromagnetic In addition to controlling the valve, the overspeed of the dialyzer is measured from the measurement time and data on the liquid level in the measurement tube that increased during the measurement time, and the cumulative overflow is measured from the data on the overspeed and dialysis time. A dialysis device characterized by: