【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は敷物や畳表、床材等の建物、家庭用品
等の表層材として用いられる天然草織物の表面処
理方法の改良に関するものである。
〔従来の技術とその問題点〕
従来から、い草やマニラ麻、軟草、馬来草、藤
等を織成してなる天然草織物は、独特の外観と肌
ざわりの良好さなどの点から各種方面に広く使用
されているが、織柄がずれ易く、織目にもバラツ
キがあると共にほつれた毛羽立ちが生じ易く、織
り曲げると割れやハジケ等が容易に発生するとい
う欠点や撥水性、撥油性が悪く汚れ易いという欠
点もあつた。
このため、天然草織物の表面に弗素系樹脂を層
着して繊維等の防汚、撥水処理が行われていた。
上記用途に用いる弗素系樹脂は、被塗材への密着
性を上げる必要があるためにメチロール基等架橋
基を含むモノマーに変性して加熱硬化させてい
る。ところが、天然草織物は、セルロース繊維に
リグニンや炭化水素、脂肪酸等が自然に結合して
形成されたものであるから、140℃以上の高温に
数分間晒されると上記成分の熱分解や揮発を生
じ、靭性や強度が低下し、又、表面の毛羽立ちを
生じ易くなり、上記弗素系樹脂を被着処理すると
撥油性は向上するものの無処理のものに比べて耐
久性や風合が悪くなる傾向にあつた。又耐汚染性
を向上するために天然草織物の表面に樹脂被膜を
形成すると、天然草織物特有の吸放湿性が損なわ
れ、肌ざわりが悪くなるという欠点があつた。
本発明はかかる従来方法の欠点に鑑みてなされ
たもので、その目的とする処は、天然草織物の熱
劣化や靭性、強度、風合いや肌ざわりを損なう事
なく防汚、撥水、撥油処理を行う事の出来る天然
草織物の表面処理方法を提供するにある。
〔問題点を解決するための手段〕
本発明はかかる従来例の欠点を解決するため
に、
天然草織物に弗素系樹脂とワツクスを溶媒に
希釈した処理液を塗布する。又は、弗素系樹脂
とワツクス液を交互に塗布する。
然る後、60〜130℃で処理液を加熱乾燥する。
;という技術的手段を採用している。
〔作用〕
次に、本発明の作用について説明する。
弗素系樹脂をワツクスを溶媒に混在し、又は
各々を単独で、適宜希釈し、デイツピング、ス
プレー又はロールコータなどの手段で天然草織
物に塗布し、続いて60〜130℃で加熱すると、
まずワツクスが溶融して天然草織物の織目、草
自身の割れ目や傷等の空隙部に浸透し、それに
伴い、弗素系樹脂も浸入する。
然る後、溶媒を除去し、冷却すると上記空隙
部に浸透したワツクスが固化するとともに弗素
系樹脂も天然草織物に被膜をつくることなく密
着する。
又、上記弗素系樹脂は上記条件下での加熱に
より、天然草織物をさほど劣化させずに又、風
合いや肌ざわりを損なうことなくある程度架橋
反応が進み、所期の防汚性、撥水、撥油性を発
揮する事になる。
〔実施例〕
本発明に使用する天然草織物は、い草、マニラ
麻、軟草、馬来草、藤等の靭皮繊維や葉繊維を織
りなしているものである。又、天然草織物の裏面
に必要があれば、不織布や樹脂シート、クツシヨ
ンシート、合板等板状基材を積層しておいても良
い。
又、弗素系樹脂は、パーフルオロアルキル基又
はパーフルオロアルキレン基を含むメタクリレー
トやアクリレート等、他の−OH基、−NH2基等
と反応する架橋基を有するものの水性デイスパー
ジヨンや有機溶剤溶液などである。
ワツクスはパラフインワツクス、ガルバナワツ
クス、オレイン酸やステアリン酸等の高級脂肪
酸、ポリエチレン等オレフイン系のワツクス類の
エマルジヨン、有機溶剤溶液などである。
上記弗素系樹脂とワツクスにアクリル系樹脂や
アミノ系樹脂を添加して硬化性や密着性を向上さ
せても良いし、更に着色剤や芳香剤を混入する事
も出来る。
処理液は上記ワツクス液と弗素系樹脂液とを一
定の比率で混合した溶媒で適宜希釈したものであ
る。
上記処理液の塗布手段はスプレーやロールコー
タ、デイツピングなど各種の手段により一回〜数
回に分けて天然草織物に塗布する。
勿論、弗素系樹脂液とワツクス液各々を単独で
交互に一回ずつ〜数回に分けて塗布し結果的に天
然草織物上に混在させても良い。
混合処理液の塗布又は単独液の交互塗布後、60
〜130℃、好ましくは80〜120℃で数10秒〜数分間
(通常は1〜2分程度)加熱し、ワツクスの溶融
弗素系樹脂の架橋反応、および処理液の溶媒を除
去する。尚、加熱温度を60〜130℃としたのは、
上記温度以下では特にワツクスの溶融が生じにく
く、天然草織物の微細な空隙にワツクスが含浸し
にくく、密着性が悪いためである。一方、加熱温
度が130℃を越えると天然草織物の構成成分が熱
分解したり、揮発したり、急激に劣化を生じるか
らである。
実施例 1
(パラフインワツクスとポリエチレンワツク
スを混合し、固形分30%に調整したエマルジヨ
ン)、
:(パーフロロカーボンアクリルレートより
なる固形分40%の水性デイスパージヨン):
(水)を、各々1:3:100の重量比で混合した
処理液を、中国産の軟草の織物に65g/m2にて
スプレー塗布し、120℃90秒加熱乾燥した。
比較例 1
実施例から弗素系樹脂を除いた処理液を実施例
と同一の条件で塗布、乾燥した。
比較例 2
実施例のワツクスを除き実施例1の織物に150
℃で90秒間加熱硬化した。
[Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to an improvement in the surface treatment method of natural grass fabrics used as surface materials for buildings such as rugs, tatami facings, flooring materials, household goods, etc. [Conventional techniques and their problems] Traditionally, natural grass fabrics woven from rushes, Manila hemp, soft grasses, horse grass, wisteria, etc., have been widely used in various fields due to their unique appearance and good texture. However, the weave pattern tends to shift easily, the weave is uneven, and fraying tends to occur, and when the weave is bent, cracks and peeling easily occur, and the disadvantage is that it has poor water and oil repellency and is stain-resistant. It also had the disadvantage of being easy. For this reason, fluorine-based resins have been layered on the surface of natural grass fabrics to make the fibers stain-proof and water-repellent.
The fluororesin used for the above purpose is modified with a monomer containing a crosslinking group such as a methylol group and then heat-cured because it is necessary to improve its adhesion to the coated material. However, natural grass fabrics are formed by naturally bonding lignin, hydrocarbons, fatty acids, etc. to cellulose fibers, so if they are exposed to high temperatures of 140°C or higher for several minutes, the above components will thermally decompose and volatilize. The toughness and strength decrease, and the surface tends to become fluffy. Although oil repellency improves when the fluorine-based resin is applied, the durability and texture tend to be worse than those without treatment. It was hot. Furthermore, when a resin film is formed on the surface of a natural grass fabric in order to improve its stain resistance, the moisture absorbing and releasing properties characteristic of natural grass fabrics are impaired, resulting in a poor texture. The present invention was made in view of the shortcomings of the conventional methods, and its purpose is to provide stain resistance, water repellency, and oil repellency to natural grass fabrics without impairing thermal deterioration, toughness, strength, texture, or texture. To provide a method for surface treatment of natural grass fabrics that can be treated. [Means for Solving the Problems] In order to solve the drawbacks of the conventional methods, the present invention applies a treatment liquid prepared by diluting a fluorine-based resin and wax in a solvent to natural grass fabrics. Alternatively, apply fluorine-based resin and wax liquid alternately. After that, the treatment liquid is heated and dried at 60 to 130°C. ; is adopted as a technical means. [Operation] Next, the operation of the present invention will be explained. When fluorine-based resin is mixed with wax in a solvent, or each is diluted as appropriate and applied to natural grass fabric by means such as dipping, spraying, or roll coater, and then heated at 60 to 130°C,
First, the wax melts and penetrates into the texture of the natural grass fabric and into the cracks and scratches in the grass itself, and along with this, the fluorine-based resin also penetrates. Thereafter, when the solvent is removed and the mixture is cooled, the wax that has penetrated into the voids solidifies and the fluororesin also adheres to the natural grass fabric without forming a film. In addition, when the fluorine-based resin is heated under the above conditions, the crosslinking reaction proceeds to a certain extent without significantly deteriorating the natural grass fabric or impairing the texture or feel, resulting in the desired stain resistance, water repellency, It exhibits oil repellency. [Example] The natural grass fabric used in the present invention is one woven with bast fibers or leaf fibers of rush, Manila hemp, soft grass, horse grass, wisteria, and the like. If necessary, a plate-like base material such as a nonwoven fabric, a resin sheet, a cushion sheet, or a plywood may be laminated on the back side of the natural grass fabric. In addition, fluorine-based resins include methacrylates and acrylates containing perfluoroalkyl groups or perfluoroalkylene groups, and those having crosslinking groups that react with other -OH groups, -NH2 groups, etc., in aqueous dispersions or organic solvent solutions. etc. Waxes include paraffin waxes, galvana waxes, higher fatty acids such as oleic acid and stearic acid, emulsions of olefin waxes such as polyethylene, and organic solvent solutions. An acrylic resin or an amino resin may be added to the above-mentioned fluorine resin and wax to improve curability and adhesion, and a coloring agent or aromatic agent may also be mixed. The treatment liquid is appropriately diluted with a solvent obtained by mixing the wax liquid and the fluorine-based resin liquid at a certain ratio. The treatment liquid is applied to the natural grass fabric in one to several times by various means such as spraying, roll coater, and dipping. Of course, the fluorine-based resin liquid and the wax liquid may be applied alone and alternately in once to several times, and as a result, they may be mixed on the natural grass fabric. After application of mixed treatment solution or alternate application of single solution, 60
It is heated at ~130°C, preferably 80~120°C, for several tens of seconds to several minutes (usually about 1 to 2 minutes) to remove the crosslinking reaction of the molten fluorine-based resin in the wax and the solvent of the treatment liquid. The heating temperature was set at 60 to 130℃ because
This is because, below the above temperature, the wax is particularly difficult to melt, and the wax is difficult to impregnate into the fine voids of the natural grass fabric, resulting in poor adhesion. On the other hand, if the heating temperature exceeds 130°C, the constituent components of the natural grass fabric will thermally decompose, volatilize, or rapidly deteriorate. Example 1 (Emulsion prepared by mixing paraffin wax and polyethylene wax and adjusting the solid content to 30%): (Aqueous dispersion with a solid content of 40% made of perfluorocarbon acrylate):
(water) in a weight ratio of 1:3:100 was spray applied to a soft grass fabric from China at 65 g/m 2 and dried by heating at 120° C. for 90 seconds. Comparative Example 1 A treatment solution from the Example except that the fluorine-based resin was removed was applied and dried under the same conditions as in the Example. Comparative Example 2 The fabric of Example 1 except for the wax of Example 150
It was heat cured at ℃ for 90 seconds.
【表】【table】
〔効果〕〔effect〕
本発明は叙上のように、
天然草織物に弗素系樹脂とワツクスを溶媒に希
釈した処理液を塗布し、又は適宜希釈した弗素系
樹脂液とワツクス液を交互に塗布した後、60〜
130℃で加熱乾燥してあるので、加熱時にワツク
スが溶融して天然草織物の織目や草自身の割れ目
や傷等の空隙部に浸透し、これに伴つて弗素系樹
脂も浸入し、溶媒を除去した後冷却すると上記空
隙部に浸透して固化したワツクスと弗素系樹脂が
天然草織物に被膜をつくることなく密着するので
肌ざわりを損なうことがないとともに草自身を補
強し、織目での繊維同士の摩擦による目切れを防
ぎ、摩耗や毛羽立ちを防止する事が出来、又、加
熱、乾燥温度が60〜130℃であるので、又、上記
弗素系樹脂は加熱により天然草織物をさほど劣化
させずにある程度架橋反応を進める事が出来、所
期の防汚性、撥水、撥油性を発揮させる事が出
来、弗素系樹脂やワツクスのみでは不充分であつ
た密着性や発油性、発水性をカバーし、長期にわ
たつて天然草織物の良好な保護効果を維持出来と
いう利点がある。
尚、60〜130℃という加熱条件下では、天然草
織物の熱劣化が少なく、本来の靭性や強度、風合
いを失わないという利点もある。
As mentioned above, the present invention applies a treatment solution prepared by diluting a fluorine-based resin and wax in a solvent to a natural grass fabric, or alternatively coats a suitably diluted fluorine-based resin solution and a wax solution, and then
Because it is heated and dried at 130℃, the wax melts during heating and penetrates into the weave of the natural grass fabric and the cracks and scratches in the grass itself. Along with this, the fluorine-based resin also penetrates, and the solvent When cooled after removal, the wax and fluorine-based resin permeate into the voids and solidify, adhering to the natural grass fabric without forming a film, so it does not impair the feel of the fabric, and it also strengthens the grass itself, creating a smooth texture. The above fluorine-based resin can prevent cuts caused by friction between fibers, prevent abrasion and fuzz, and because the heating and drying temperature is 60 to 130°C, the above fluorine-based resin can be heated to reduce natural grass fabrics. The crosslinking reaction can proceed to some extent without deterioration, and the desired stain resistance, water repellency, and oil repellency can be achieved, and the adhesiveness and oil repellency that were insufficient with fluorine resins and waxes alone. It has the advantage of covering water repellency and maintaining the good protective effect of natural grass fabrics over a long period of time. Furthermore, under heating conditions of 60 to 130°C, natural grass fabrics have the advantage of being less susceptible to thermal deterioration and retaining their original toughness, strength, and texture.