JPH0124980B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application This invention relates to an energy-saving air conditioning circulation method for buildings.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention In conventional air conditioning for heating and cooling in buildings, conditioned air is sent from the air conditioner into each room through vertical ducts and attic ducts, and when exhausted, it is returned to the air conditioner through the ducts. There are many.

Furthermore, in order to save energy, a method is known in which pipes are buried underground and geothermal heat is exchanged with water or ventilation within the pipes, and this is used for heating and cooling. In both of the above methods, the cost of equipment such as ducts and piping increases considerably.

By the way, a concrete structure has a large heat capacity and acts as a heat storage body, and once heat is applied, it has little ability to follow changes in outside temperature.If a concrete structure is externally insulated, it can be expected to function as a heat storage body. Therefore, forming a direct ventilation passage in the concrete structure can also be expected to have an energy-saving effect.

In view of the above points, this invention improves the structure of the circulating air flow path, reduces the number of conventional ducts, and actively utilizes the constant temperature of the geothermal heat of the ground or underground water. This method significantly promotes constant temperature, fully takes advantage of the outdoor insulation method, provides ideal air conditioning, and achieves a significant energy saving effect.

Means for Solving the Problems The configuration of the present invention is such that a ceiling chamber is formed between the slab of the building and the ceiling below it for heat exchange and ventilation passage, and the entrance of the ceiling chamber is
It is installed on one side of the room and connected to the discharge side of the air conditioner, and the outlet opens around the window of the upper floor, and the conditioned air sent from the air conditioner and passed through the ceiling chamber flows into the room through the opening. The indoor exhaust gas is returned to the air conditioner via a return air passage through a hallway or staircase, and an underground space is provided in the basement of the building for heat exchange with geothermal heat. An air inlet and an outlet connected to the intake side of the air conditioner are provided, and a ceiling chamber is created between the building slab and the ceiling below for heat exchange and return air passage, and the entrance to the ceiling chamber is located on one side of the room. It is connected to the discharge side of the air conditioner, and the outlet is opened around the window on the upper floor, and the outside air passes through the underground space, exchanges heat with the geothermal heat, enters the air conditioner, and is sent from the air conditioner through the ceiling chamber. In this air conditioning circulation method, the conditioned air that has come in is sent into the room through the opening, and the exhaust air from the room is returned to the air conditioner through the return air passage.

Example At least the column outer wall 1, the roof 2, and the slab 3 of the building frame A are constructed of a reinforced concrete structure or a steel-frame reinforced concrete structure made of a material with a large heat capacity, and the outdoor surface, that is, the surface that comes into contact with the outside air of the building is The building is covered with a heat insulating material B, and the entire building constitutes a heat storage body whose outer surface is covered with the heat insulating material.

It is preferable that the entrances and exits of the building are equipped with ordinary fittings that can be opened and closed, and the windows 4 are fitted with highly insulating glass fittings with high insulating properties.

Thermal insulation material B is a material commonly used for thermal insulation of buildings, and is constructed by a normal method. An example of insulation construction of the outer wall 1, roof 2, and slab 19 is shown in cross-sectional views in FIGS. 2A, 2B, and 2C. The heat insulating material _B1 of the outer wall 1 uses a panel 6 with a preferably heat-reflective exterior material 5 fixed to the outdoor side surface.
The concrete wall thickness of the outer wall 1 is, for example, 150 mm, and the panel thickness is, for example, 58 mm. In addition, as an example of roof insulation construction, 130mm thick concrete roof 2
As an example, after constructing the waterproof layer 7 on the top surface of the
This is done by laminating a mm-thick insulation material B ₂ and an 80 mm-thick concrete finishing layer 8. Further, the bottom of the slab 19 is attached to the lower surface of the ceiling 20 by, for example, 30 mm.
The insulation material B ₃ mm thick is bonded.

In the underground part of the building, it has an outside air inlet 9 on one side and an outlet 10 on the other side, and either directly between the inlet and the outlet or indirectly through the base plate 11, It has an underground space 13 that is in contact with the earth 12. This underground space is for providing geothermal heat to the outside air a ₁ flowing in from the outside air inlet 9 while moving toward the outlet 10 .

Although there are some differences depending on geographical conditions, the ground temperature remains constant at, for example, about 13 to 15 degrees Celsius throughout the year. In contrast, the outside temperature can exceed 30°C in summer and drop below freezing in winter. Therefore, the air used for air conditioning in the building is passed through this underground space, during which the high temperature outside air in summer is cooled by geothermal heat, and the low temperature outside air in winter is heated by geothermal heat. It is.

The heat exchange between the outside air a ₁ and the earth 12 in the underground space 13 may be based only on natural heat exchange by conduction or radiation, but in addition to or in place of this, it is possible to Forced heat exchange means may be installed, such as spraying and circulating groundwater or passing groundwater through finned pipes located in the underground space.

An air-conditioned room 14 is provided next to the underground space 13, and this air-conditioned room is used to recirculate the air inside the building and to mix the outside air _a2 that has passed through the underground space and been given geothermal heat with the air for ventilation inside the building. A heat exchanger 15 is installed for replacing and exchanging heat between the two. That is,
This heat exchanger has the function of annularizing the air inside the building in order to equalize its temperature and oxygen content, and exchanges a part of the outside air A ₂ after passing through the underground space with the exhaust air A ₅ for ventilation inside the building. It also has the function of exchanging heat between the outside air a ₂ and the circulating air inside the building after passing through the underground space. Furthermore, when taking in outside air or circulating air within a building, dehumidification or humidification is usually performed as necessary. Therefore, this heat exchanger 15 also has dehumidification and humidification functions.

Ceiling chambers 18a, 18 between the slab 3 of the floor that requires air conditioning of the above-mentioned frame A and the ceiling 20
b, 18c are formed. The ceiling chamber has an inlet 16 on one side, that is, the side closer to the heat exchanger 15, and an outlet 17 on the other side, that is, the side farther from the heat exchanger. In addition, there is an entrance in the attic on the upper floor on one side, that is, the side far from the heat exchanger.
6' to the other side, i.e. the side closer to the heat exchanger, outlet 1.
A return air ceiling chamber 18d having a diameter of 7' is formed.

These ceiling chambers 18a to 18c are different from the conventional spaces composed of tubular ducts that are structurally independent from the building frame, and are made up of the remaining space after piping and wiring in the slab or ceiling piping and wiring space. configured.

That is, as shown in FIG. 1 as an example of a three-story building, there is a ceiling chamber 18a formed under the slab 19 on the lowest floor, and a ceiling chamber 18a formed on the underside of the slabs on the intermediate and upper floors. , slab and ceiling 20
Ceiling chambers 18b, 18 formed by
c and the slab ceiling 20' which becomes the roof 2 of the upper floor.
Return air ceiling chamber 18d formed by
are provided for each.

In the illustrated example, the inlets 16 of all the ceiling chambers 18a to 18c, excluding the topmost return air ceiling chamber 18d, are connected to one common supply air duct 21 integrally formed in the frame, and The lower end of the air duct is connected to the outlet of the heat exchanger 15 by a connecting pipe 22. Therefore, when the heat exchanger is in operation, the outside air _a2 that has passed through the underground space is used to convert the conditioned air _a3 that has passed through the heat exchanger.
is discharged into the air supply duct 21 and fed into the ceiling chambers 18a-18c from each inlet 16.

Then, while the conditioned air _a4 flowing in each air supply ceiling chamber moves toward the outlet 17, it comes into contact with the slab that has the largest contact area with the room air. Therefore, when there is a temperature difference between the body temperature and the conditioned air, sensible heat is exchanged between the slab 3 and the conditioned air _a4 , and therefore, there is also a temperature difference between the slab and the indoor air. When there is a difference, heat transfer occurs between them. Similar heat transfer also occurs in the ceiling 20.

In this way, the conditioned air is
The heat carried by _a4 is absorbed while being evenly distributed within the slab 3, which has a large heat capacity, and is sent into the room from the entire surface of the slab. In addition, heat is radiated from both the slab surface and the ceiling surface in the rooms on each floor. Therefore, indoor air conditioning is performed with extremely high efficiency.

Of course, in general, the amount of heat generated in each room often differs depending on the number of occupants, various equipment, windows, etc. on each floor, and hours of sunlight, so adjustments must be made according to the air conditioning conditions of each room. It is. Therefore, temperature sensors are installed at appropriate positions in each room, and at the entrances of each ceiling chamber 18a to 18c.
A valve V controlled by a temperature sensor is installed to supply an amount of conditioned air suitable for the air conditioning conditions of that floor from the air supply duct 21 to the air supply ceiling chamber of each floor.

For detailed adjustment, a regulating valve V ₁ is installed at the outlet 17 opened around the window.

In a building implementing this invention, a sliding door 23 or door equipped with highly insulating glass such as light-reflecting glass or double-glazed glass is attached to the window 4, as shown in FIG. 3, in order to improve the energy saving effect. Or, highly insulating glass is installed by fitting,
Improves the insulation performance of windows. However, even this cannot completely prevent heat flow through the windows, allowing solar heat or cold air to enter, and in cold regions, condensing on the indoor side.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the outlet 17 of the ceiling chamber opens into the room around the window 4. As a result, the conditioned air _a4 is discharged from the outlet 17 along the window surface, preventing dew condensation on the glass, or the hot or cold heat that enters through the window is blocked on the inside of the window, making the air conditioning condition near the window This has the effect of preventing temperature differences in the room from occurring due to localized deterioration of temperature.

The conditioned air discharged into the room flows at a very low speed in the room toward the person entrance/exit 24 and other openings, and flows out from the openings to the outside.

The exit of the ceiling chamber may not be opened into the room, but may be opened into the staircase 25 or a corridor connected thereto and separated from the room.

In FIG. 3, 31 is a slider that communicates the ceiling chamber with the room in the summer, and 32 is a movable damper.

The used air _a5 discharged from the outlet of the ceiling chamber on each floor is passed into the stairwell 25. That is, in this embodiment, on the opposite side of the room from the air supply duct 21, the staircase chamber 25, which connects each floor in a straight line, is used as a return passage for used air, and instead of being painted separately, which was conventionally done. This eliminates the need to manufacture and install an independent return air passage, reducing equipment costs.

Further, the uppermost return air chamber 18d has an inlet 16' opened to the staircase chamber 25, and an outlet 17' opened to the upper end of the return air duct 26 provided adjacent to the supply air duct 21. The lower end of this return air passage is connected to the inlet of the heat exchanger 15 through a communication pipe 27. That is, in the illustrated embodiment, the topmost return air ceiling chamber 1
8d constitutes a part of the return air passage, and the air _a5 discharged from each room to the stairway is passed through this return air ceiling chamber 18d and passed through the return air duct 26.
It is returned to the heat exchanger.

By providing such a circulating air flow path, the structures of the ceiling chambers 18a to 18c on all floors can be made the same, making it possible to reduce construction costs.

In addition, conditioned air can be used in slabs, staircases, bulkheads, etc.
By making contact over as wide an area as possible, the building is configured to promote the formation of the entire building as a heat storage body, and to easily become a constant temperature body having a uniform constant temperature.

However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments with respect to the air flow path. For example, a vertical duct similar to the air supply duct 21 may be used instead of the staircase between each outlet of the ceiling chambers 18a to 18c and the entrance of the return air ceiling chamber 18d, or a vertical duct similar to the air supply duct 21 may be used. The air duct 21 is extended to the highest return air ceiling chamber 18d and connected to the highest return air ceiling chamber 18d.
d is used as an air supply flow path in the same way as the ceiling chambers 18a to 18c on each floor, and the used air discharged from each outlet is passed through a separately provided return air passage.
Alternatively, the uppermost return air ceiling chamber 18d may be divided into two, one of which will be used as an air supply passage, and the other return air passage may be connected to the return air duct 26.
It may also be possible to return it to .

Reference numeral 28 in FIG. 1 is an auxiliary heat supply means such as a heat pump, cooler, or heater, which is connected to the heat exchanger 15, and is used in cases where the temperature inside the building cannot be brought to an appropriate temperature by using geothermal heat alone.
On particularly hot or cold days, this auxiliary heat supply means can be activated to supply auxiliary heat to the heat exchanger. For example, a solar water heater and 29 hot water storage tanks are installed. Further, when a heat pump is used, an underground water supply pipe 30 is provided to it. V' is a temperature controlled valve.

Effects of the Invention This invention forms an air supply channel in the ceiling chamber in the space between the slab and the ceiling, and supplies conditioned air to this channel, making it easy to store heat throughout the building. Cold or hot heat is supplied into the room from all sides, and efficient air conditioning is performed with little temperature difference between the upper and lower parts of the room. In addition, since the outside air that is used for heat exchange with the air inside the building is given geothermal heat in the underground space, it is very easy to make the building a constant temperature body, and since it uses geothermal heat, it is extremely economical. , a remarkable energy saving effect can be obtained.

In addition, this invention circulates conditioned air during the cool nights in the summer and stores cold heat throughout the building, thereby providing a comfortable temperature indoors during the day when the building is in use. Due to the large amount of heat storage, heat generated by occupants and equipment or heat entering through windows is easily absorbed into the building structure, so it can be used for long periods of time without using outside air cooled in the underground space. There is no rise in room temperature. In addition, when the room temperature rises, by operating the heat exchanger, the outside air cooled by geothermal heat in the underground space is used for heat exchange with the air inside the building, so the building frame receives the cold energy obtained from the earth. is additionally stockpiled,
The entire building can be ideally cooled at extremely low cost.

In addition, in winter, by operating the heat exchanger, the outside air heated by geothermal heat while passing through the underground space gives heat to the air inside the building at the heat exchanger, so heat is stored throughout the building structure as described above. . The ground temperature is, for example, 13 to 15 degrees Celsius, but inside a building, heat is generated from human bodies, various devices, and sunlight entering through windows, so the room temperature rises to an appropriate temperature. If the heat exchanger exchanges outside air that has been given geothermal energy in an underground space with part of the exhaust air for ventilation within the building, it is possible to secure the required amount of oxygen within the building.

In particular, this invention requires very few conventional ducts, resulting in a significant reduction in equipment costs.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The drawings show one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1 is a sectional view, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of each circle in FIG. 3, and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the window portion. A...Structure, B...Insulator, 1...Outer wall, 2...Roof,
3...Slab, 9...Outside air inlet, 10...Outlet, 1
2...Earth, 13...Underground space, 15...Heat exchanger, 1
6, 16'...Duct inlet, 17, 17'...Duct outlet, 18a-18c...Ceiling chamber, 21
... air supply duct, 26 ... return air duct, 28 ... auxiliary heat supply means, 29 ... solar water heater, 30 ... underground water supply pipe.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A ceiling chamber for heat exchange and ventilation passage between the slab of a building and the ceiling below, the entrance of the ceiling chamber being provided on one side of the room and connected to the discharge side of an air conditioner. The exit is connected to the window and has an opening around the window on the upper floor, and the conditioned air sent from the air conditioner and passed through the ceiling chamber is sent into the room through the opening, and the exhaust from the room is passed through the hallway or staircase. An air conditioning circulation method characterized in that air is returned to the air conditioner through a return passage. 2 An underground space for heat exchange with geothermal heat is provided in the underground part of the building, and an outside air inlet and an outlet connected to the intake side of the air conditioner are provided in the underground space, and the building slab and the ceiling below it are provided. The entrance of the ceiling chamber is provided on one side of the room and connected to the discharge side of the air conditioner, the outlet opens around the windows on the upper floor, and Through the space, outside air is exchanged with geothermal heat and fed into the air conditioner.
An air conditioning circulation method characterized in that conditioned air sent from an air conditioner and passed through a ceiling chamber is sent indoors through the opening, and indoor exhaust gas is returned to the air conditioner through a return air passage.