JPH01285121A - Full-ripe bed log for shiitake mushroom - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To judge maturation of a mycelial mass and obtain an artificial bed log capable of growing SHIITAKE mushrooms of good quality in a large amount, by measuring weight ratio of cellulose/lignin in an artificial bed log for SHIITAKE mushrooms. CONSTITUTION:Various spawns are inoculated into a solid culture medium using sawdust, rice bran, wheat bran, etc., and hyphae are cultured and spread to form a grown mycelial mass. The culture medium is then taken out of a container and activation of the hyphae is promoted while sprinkling water on the mycelia. When the weight ratio (cellulose)/(lignin) attains >=3.3, an artificial bed log is fully ripened. Furthermore, the lignin content is reduced to <=15% to ensure the maturity degree of the mycelial mass. Since the evaluation can be made with numerical values of analyzed judgment on the full-ripe state, judgment is surely made.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a mature artificial shiitake mushroom tree capable of producing a large amount of high-quality shiitake mushrooms.

[Conventional technology] Generally speaking, Shiitake cultivation involves inoculating Shiitake logs with inoculum, covering them with grass, cocoons, etc. to prevent direct contact with outside air.
In this state, the growth of mycelium is promoted (temporary arranging) by spreading the shiitake mushroom mycelia to form a crosspiece, and spreading the crosspiece in an appropriate location to allow the mycelium to grow and become mushrooms. However, with such conventional methods of cultivating shiitake mushrooms, it has become difficult to supply them due to a decrease in shiitake logs, and a long cultivation period is required, so there is a desire to shorten the cultivation period. For this reason, it has recently been considered to produce artificial mulberry trees using sawdust and the like, and to use these to cultivate shiitake mushrooms. For this type of artificial cultivation of shiitake mushrooms, a bottle is filled with sawdust that serves as a fungal bed medium, the bacteria is inoculated into the bottle, the bottle is stopped, and cultured to produce a white, soft mycelial mass (hypha-spread fungal bed). Alternatively, there is a method of over-cultivating the mycelial mass so that the surface of the mycelial mass is enriched with ridges, and then removing the resulting mycelial mass from the bottle and immersing it in cold water at appropriate times to give it a low-temperature shock to cause it to sprout.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

However, according to the above method, there are disadvantages such as easy contamination with harmful bacteria, generation of oddly shaped mushrooms, poor growth rate of cut buds, uneven growth rate, and unstable quality and yield.

That is, in the above method, the state in which white mycelia have spread inside the bottle is determined with the naked eye, and when the inside of the bottle is filled with white mycelia and the surface of the mycelial mass has a raised state, the mycelial mass is taken out and removed. It is used as an artificial tree for cultivating shiitake mushrooms.

However, when Shiitake mushrooms are cultivated using such artificial mulch, the maturity of the mycelial mass, that is, the artificial mulch, can be determined with the naked eye using the white color of the mycelial mass, the raised state of the surface of the mycelial mass, etc. Because this method is used to judge the maturity level, the maturity level is inaccurate, and the crops are cultivated with insufficient maturity. For this reason, there is a problem that many artificial saplings are produced due to poor bud pruning and poor quality and yield.

The present invention was made in view of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to provide a fully-ripened artificial tree that can produce shiitake mushrooms with stable yield and quality of fruiting bodies over the entire cultivation period.

[Means for solving problems]

In order to achieve the above object, the artificial shiitake mushroom tree of the present invention is an artificial shiitake mushroom tree containing cellulose and lignin derived from a culture medium, and the weight ratio of (cellulose)/(lignin) is set to 3.3 or more. It is structured as follows.

[Effect]

In other words, the present inventors believe that there is a gap between the whiteness and raised state of the mycelial mass due to the spread of mycelia, which are used as a guideline for determining the degree of ripeness of artificial mulberry trees, and the actual degree of ripeness. I did a series of research with this in mind. As a result, even if the hyphae are sufficiently spread and the hyphae mass (artificial tree) turns white, the hyphae mass is not fully ripened in reality, and there is a difference between the state based on the spread of hyphae and the actual fully ripe state. It was found that there was a considerable gap between the two, and that when the mycelial mass turned white or became raised, it was not yet fully ripe. Therefore, in order to objectively judge this degree of ripeness, Shiitake fungi assimilate (digest) cellulose and lignin in the medium during growth, and the amount of cellulose assimilated and the amount of lignin utilized during mycelial growth. They found that there was a correlation between the amount of oxidation and a series of further studies. As a result, the weight ratio of (cellulose)/(lignin) (hereinafter abbreviated as "ratio") is suitable as an indicator of ripeness, and if the ratio is 3.3 or more, the artificial mulberry tree is actually fully ripe. We discovered that this is the case and arrived at this invention. That is, the (cellulose)/(lignin) ratio is 3
．． If it is 3 or more, the medium component raw materials have been sufficiently digested and the mycelial mass is in a mature state.

The lignin decomposition products necessary for the formation of the shiitake fruiting body are sufficiently absorbed into the mycelium mass.

Therefore, when cultivating shiitake mushrooms using such fully-ripened artificial trees, it is possible to produce high-quality shiitake mushrooms with a high yield over the entire cultivation period.

In addition, the appearance of the above-mentioned fully ripened artificial staghorn is not white but brownish in appearance.

Next, this invention will be explained in detail.

The fully ripened artificial shiitake mushroom tree of this invention can be produced, for example, as follows. That is, first, a solid medium is prepared using sawdust, rice bran, bran, etc. as a medium composition, and this solid medium is filled into a container such as a polypropylene bottle or bag and sterilized by heating. Next, the inoculum was inoculated and the mycelium was cultured for 1 to 2 months at the optimum temperature for mycelial culture (20 to 26°C), and the mycelia spread in the medium, forming a white, soft mass, and the surface of the mycelial mass was slightly raised. After the mycelium has grown into a mass, it is removed from the container. Conventionally, this has been provided as it is as an artificial tree, but in this invention, the mycelium taken out from the container is arranged on a net-like shelf at a predetermined interval, and concave mycelia are grown in this state. During this mycelium growth process, for example, as shown in FIG. , apply water for 3 months. In this case, watering should be divided into two stages: first, watering continuously to promote the activation of mycelium, and then watering slowly (watering with a small amount of water to avoid excessive moisture remaining in the mycelial mass) , watering for several hours a day) will bring about better results.

The fully ripe shiitake crosspiece obtained in this way has a (cellulose)/(lignin) ratio of 3.3 or more.

Regarding the production of this fully ripened artificial shiitake mushroom tree, when the mycelium mass is removed from the container and 20 days after it is placed on a shelf and watering starts, (cellulose)/(lignin)
The ratio was investigated and shown in Figure 2.

In addition, the (cellulose)/(lignin) ratio of wood flour as a raw material for the initial medium is usually in the range of 1.5 to 2.0, and this value changes depending on the amount of rice bran added and the raw material wood for the wood flour.

For example, if the amount of rice bran is small, the cellulose content will be low, so the (cellulose)/(lignin) ratio will be 1.
It will be close to 5. Then, when taken out of the container,
Its (cellulose)/(lignin) ratio is 2.5, indicating that it is not fully ripe. Then, by watering it for 20 days and continuing to culture it, the (cellulose)/(lignin) ratio becomes 3.3, and it reaches a fully ripe state. The preferred range of the above (cellulose)/(lignin) ratio is 3.5 to 5.5.

In this way, the ratio of (cellulose)/(lignin) was reduced to 3.
．． When setting it to 3 or more, the lignin content (solid amount) is 15% by weight (combined with (cellulose)/(lignin)).
(hereinafter abbreviated as "%") or less, preferably 9 to 13%. In other words, when the lignin content (solid amount) decreases compared to the content in the initial mycelial mass, it means that the lignin is decomposed and the assimilation (digestion) rate of the medium is high. By controlling the lignin content to 15% or less, including the cellulose/lignin ratio, it becomes possible to more reliably determine the degree of maturity of the mycelial mass.

Note that the cellulose and lignin were quantified by an analysis method based on the JIS method.

The artificial shiitake mushroom logs obtained as described above are water-absorbed by watering or immersed in water using known low-temperature stimulation, and then treated in the same manner as crosspieces derived from general shiitake logs to produce shiitake mushrooms. It is. In this case, the yield is stable and high during the entire cultivation period, and there is no variation in quality.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, the ripeness of the fully ripened artificial shiitake mushroom tree of this invention is determined based on the conventional method of determining the degree of ripeness based on the spread of mycelium (when it spreads, the appearance becomes white) and the increase in ridges on its surface. Instead, the ripeness is judged by the (cellulose)/(lignin) ratio, which more accurately represents the actual ripeness, and if the value is 3.3 or higher (3.3 or higher is ripe). be. Therefore, over the entire cultivation period, shiitake mushrooms of stable quality can be produced at a high rate without poor bud pruning or uneven growth of fruit bodies due to lack of vigor of the seedlings.

Next, examples of the present invention will be described together with comparative examples.

[Example, comparative example]

(Culture of mycelial mass) First, the mycelial mass was cultured as follows. That is,
Sawdust, rice bran, and bran were mixed in a ratio of 8:1:1, water was added to the mixture to prepare a culture medium, and 1 kg of this culture medium made of polypropylene was filled into a container and a cap with a filter was attached. This was sterilized under pressure and high temperature at 121°C for 90 minutes, inoculated with shiitake seed fungus, and cultured at a temperature of 22°C as shown in Table 1 to obtain a mycelial mass.

(fi water) Next, this mycelial mass was watered continuously for the number of days shown in Table 1 below as shown in Figure 1, and then gently watered (watering for 8 hours a day) as shown in the same table. After several days of work, we obtained an artificial tree. The (cellulose)/(lignin) ratio of the artificial Japanese oak thus obtained was determined and shown in Table 1 below. In this case, the amounts of cellulose and lignin were quantified by an analysis method based on the JIS method. At this time, the number of specimens was n=30 for each.

(Cultivation) Next, the artificial mulberry trees of Examples and Comparative Examples obtained in this way were cultivated for 6 months at a temperature of 8 to 18°C, and the bacterial contamination rate of the horizontal trees and the yield of Shiitake mushrooms were evaluated. The average weight per shiitake mushroom and the appearance rate of modified fruit bodies were investigated and shown in Table 1 below. The yield of shiitake mushrooms was determined by dividing the total amount of shiitake mushrooms produced by the total weight of the initial culture medium.

(The following is a blank space) From the results in Table 1, in Examples 1 to 4, the mycelial mass was matured under suitable watering conditions and temperature conditions, so that lignin was fully assimilated. Especially Example 3
, 4, the lignin decomposition (assimilation) rate is high, so the (cellulose)/(lignin) ratio is 4.5 or more and the lignin content is 10% or less. Comparing Example 3 and Example 4, there is almost no difference in the yield of Shiitake mushrooms between the two, but the weight of Shiitake mushrooms in Example 4 is higher than that in Example 4.
less than. This is thought to be due to the fact that the lignin content of the artificial Japanese oak of Example 4 was less than 9%, which was the difference from Example 3 in this respect. On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1 to 3, lignin was not fully utilized because the culture conditions, watering conditions, and temperature conditions were inappropriate. For this reason, activation of mycelia and full ripening of artificial mulberry trees are not achieved, and contamination with harmful bacteria and deformation of fruiting bodies are likely to occur, resulting in a decrease in yield and quality.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a state in which water is applied to a mycelial mass taken out from a container in an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of a state in which the (cellulose)/(lignin) ratio changes. . 1... Mycelial mass 2... Shelf 3... Watering device or watering nozzle

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) A fully ripe artificial shiitake mushroom tree containing cellulose and lignin derived from a culture medium, characterized in that the weight ratio of (cellulose)/(lignin) is set to 3.3 or more. . (2) Claim (1) characterized in that the content of lignin is set to 15% (wt%) or less of the total solids of the bamboo shoots.
) Fully mature artificial shiitake mushroom tree as described.