JPH01295656A - Reluctance motor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To suppress mechanical vibration and noise, by differentiating the air gap length between a magnetic pole and a salient pole in a semi-circular face from that in the other semi-circular face. CONSTITUTION:Dotted line 4 represents the locus of the salient pole face of a rotor 1 rotatable through a rotary shaft 8 while a dotted line 3 represents a circle along the magnetic pole face of an armature core 16 and dotted lines 2a, 2b represent the central positions of magnetic poles 16a, 16b. The length of gap between the magnetic pole and the salient pole is approximately 0.1mm and unbalanced residual force causes radial reciprocation of the rotor 1 and produces random pressure for inducing vibration. In order to suppress the vibration, the height of the magnetic pole face at the positions shown by the dotted lines 2a-2d is differentiated from that at the positions shown by dotted lines 2e-2h thus differentiating the length of gap. In other word, the length of gaps 5a, 5b is made shorter than the length of gaps 6a, 6b with the difference being set to about 20mu. Since the rotor 1 is continuously subjected to attraction in the direction shown by a dotted arrow 5b, and the direction of the attracting force scarcely changes, vibration can be prevented.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] This machine is smaller than a general DC machine and is used as a high-speed, high-torque power source. For example, it is a drive source for a sirocco fan and compressor of a room air conditioner.

It can generally be used in place of induction machines and DC machines. Also, since there is no magnet, the structure is inexpensive. Therefore, it can also be used as a general semiconductor motor. Furthermore, in the case of a rotor rotating electric motor, there is a risk that the sintered magnet will be damaged by centrifugal force, so a reinforcing device is generally required, but in the device of the present invention, the rotor is made only of silicon steel plates. Therefore, there is no need for reinforcement and it is easy to make a high-speed motor, so it can be used as a high-speed motor.

[Conventional technology]

Reluctance type electric motors have high output, but because the number of magnetic poles has increased and there is no field magnet, the magnetic energy accumulated in the magnetic poles is significantly large, and it takes time to input and output this energy, and the well-known lap-wound polyphase Unlike DC motors, it is impossible to achieve high speeds, and therefore only high-torque, low-speed motors are currently available.

Furthermore, since severe mechanical vibration and noise are generated during operation, there have been no examples of this being put into practical use.

[Problems to be solved by the present invention] Firstly, in reluctance type electric motors, the radial magnetic attraction force between the salient poles and the magnetic poles, which is unrelated to the driving torque, is extremely large (if the air gap length is o, t The rotor receives random forces in the radial direction due to the difference in the gap length between each magnetic pole and the opposing salient pole. Therefore, there is a problem in that large mechanical vibrations and noise are generated.

First, a reluctance motor cannot have a large number of phases like a general commutator motor. This is because the semiconductor circuits for each phase are expensive, making them impractical.

Therefore, the magnetic energy stored in each magnetic pole becomes large, and it takes time to release and store it, resulting in high torque but not high speed.

In particular, in the case of a reluctance type electric motor with a large output torque, the number of magnetic poles in the armature is large and the gap in the magnetic path is small, so the stored magnetic energy is large and the above-mentioned disadvantages are exacerbated.

This problem becomes more difficult to solve as the torque increases.

[Means to solve problems]

The salient pole surfaces of the rotor are configured so that they are on the same circumferential surface during rotation, and the gap length between the magnetic poles and the salient poles within the half circumferential surface is
The first problem is solved by making the gap lengths between the magnetic poles and the salient poles in the other half circumferential surfaces different.

In addition, by using a high DC power source corresponding to the output torque and rotational speed, and by making the excitation current rise steeply and allowing the stored magnetic energy to flow back into the power source, the discharge current is rapidly extinguished. Therefore, the excitation coil can be energized in accordance with the shape of the position detection signal curve, and the electrical angle is 11
The second problem is solved by reducing the energization at a predetermined angle at the beginning and end of the width of the 0 degree energization angle.

As another means, a high voltage DC power source corresponding to the output torque and rotational speed is used, and the conduction angle for exciting the magnetic poles of each phase is set to a width of 10 degrees in electrical angle.

This width is determined by using a general l♂0 degree position detection signal and processing it by a logic circuit to determine the position at a width of 90 degrees in electrical angle from the starting end (hereinafter all angles are expressed in electrical degrees). This is used as a detection signal, and the excitation coil is energized by the width of this signal.

With this means, the width of the excitation current does not exceed iro degrees, so that no counter torque occurs even at high speeds. Therefore, the second problem is solved.

[Effect]

The gap between the magnetic pole and the salient pole on one half circumference is, for example, 0.1 mm, and the gap between the magnetic pole and the salient pole on the other half circumference is 0.1 mm. /
Assuming λ millimeters, the rotor is always attracted in the direction of the smaller gap length.

Therefore, the random suction force of the rotor as it reciprocates in the radial direction during rotation disappears, thereby suppressing the generation of mechanical vibration and noise.

At this time, the circumferential surface of the rotor's salient poles must be completely axially symmetrical.

The above-described operation solves the first problem.

Furthermore, the magnitude of the excitation current for specifying the output torque is independently processed by controlling it using inductance without energy loss. Therefore, the large inductance of the magnetic pole is effectively utilized for output torque. In order to keep the electrical angle within 110 degrees during energization and to use the set energization waveform, the power supply voltage is increased, and magnetic energy is circulated back to the power supply to achieve the purpose of achieving high speed.

As explained above, the power supply voltage is independent of the excitation current, so by using a high power supply voltage, the rise of the energizing current curve becomes steep, and the large accumulated magnetic energy is rapidly circulated to the high power supply voltage. can be discharged rapidly.

Furthermore, since the current-carrying section of the excitation coil is within 180 degrees in electrical angle, a high-speed, high-torque reluctance semiconductor motor can be produced in conjunction with the above-mentioned effect.

Another method is to start energizing the excitation coil from the point where the salient poles of the rotor that generate effective output torque begin to enter the magnetic poles of the fixed armature, and stop energizing when the rotor has rotated 90 degrees.

Therefore, a large amount of stored magnetic energy is released, but due to the transistor connected in series to the excitation coil and the diode P connected in parallel with these, the above magnetic energy is circulated back to the power supply, and therefore rapidly Since it disappears, i
It always disappears within the conduction angle of ro degrees. Therefore, high speed can be achieved without generation of counter torque.

Furthermore, when the speed becomes high, the time for energizing becomes short and the back electromotive force also increases, so the peak value of the excitation current becomes small. However, by applying a large voltage at this time, this can be improved and the output torque can be increased.

Even in the above case, the width of the excitation current is ir.

Since it does not exceed the speed limit, it has the effect of being able to maintain high speed. Therefore, the second problem is solved.

〔Example〕

Next, details of an embodiment according to the present invention will be explained with reference to FIG. 1 and subsequent figures. Items with the same symbol in each drawing are the same parts, so
Duplicate explanations will be omitted.

Coils Ia, Ib, and Ria, which will be described later with reference to FIG.

Rib is for detecting the position of the salient pole and obtaining a position detection signal.

FIG. 2 shows a device for obtaining position detection signals from coils Ia and ♂b. In Figure 2, coil ra
, Ib, resistors /3h, /Sb form a bridge circuit. Symbol 7 is an oscillation circuit whose output frequency is about /-j megacycles.

Coils fa and rt+ are air-core coils with diameters! The number of turns is on the order of millimeters, and the number of turns is on the order of SO turns. When it is fixed on the fixed armature side and faces salient poles /a, /b, etc. in Figure ψ, its impedance becomes small due to eddy current loss, and the voltage drop across resistance /ja or resistance lSb becomes large. Become.

The voltage drop across resistor /ja smoothed by a low-pass filter consisting of capacitor /2a and diode //a is input to the child terminal of operational amplifier 13.

The output of the resistor /jt) by the low-pass filter consisting of the capacitor /2b and the diode //1) is output from the operational amplifier 1.
It is input to one terminal of 3.

Since the operational amplifiers /J and /J1) are linear amplifiers, the output of terminal /Ja is as follows.

In the graph of FIG. 6, if the coils f a , I b are opposed to both sides of the salient pole /1) of FIG.
Since the voltage drops across the resistors /ja and /jb in the figure are equal, the output of the terminal /Ja becomes the ground level. The protrusion shown in the figure/
When b moves in the direction of arrow A-/, the input to the child terminal of operational amplifier 13 decreases, and the input to one terminal increases, so the output of terminal /Ja is maintained at the ground level.

Since the input to the child terminal of operational amplifier /Jb increases and the input to one terminal decreases, the output of terminal /Jc increases.

When the coil ridge b completely opposes the salient pole /1), the coil ra is completely separated from the salient pole /1). The output of the terminal /Jc at this time becomes the maximum, and thereafter this value is held.

When the center of coil rb faces the left end of salient pole lb, the center of coil fa faces the right end of salient pole /a, so the output of terminal /Jc becomes the ground level.

Next, when the salient pole /a in Fig. 1 moves in the direction of the arrow A-/, the coil fa completely faces the salient pole /a, so the output of the terminal /Ja increases, and the output of the terminal /jc is held at ground level.

As explained above, as the rotor l rotates, /
The outputs of the terminals /ja and /Jc alternate every ♂°, and the outputs become as shown in the curve evaluation in FIG. 6.

The rising and falling portions at both ends of the curve J gradually increase and decrease, and the degree of this can be freely selected by changing the diameters of the coils J'a and ♂b.

Third. Make an aluminum disk with the same shape as the rotor l and salient poles /&, /b, etc. in Hirozu, rotate synchronously with the rotor l, and attach coils ♂a, ♂ to the protruding parts of the aluminum disk. The same effect can be obtained even if b are placed opposite each other.

At this time, if the protruding portion of the aluminum disk is deformed as shown by the curve shown in FIG. 6, the output of the operational amplifier 13b will be:
It can be asymmetrical like curve 22a. A case in which such a position detection signal is required will be described next.

Since the output torque of the l-phase of the reluctance motor is generally not symmetrical, as will be described later, the resill torque is controlled by making the position detection signal asymmetrical as shown by the curve Ua and adjusting the output torque. It is something that can be done. Reluctance type electric motors have the following drawbacks.

First, as mentioned above, it generates large mechanical vibrations and noise. These increase correspondingly as the load torque increases.

Second, as shown by the dotted curved line in the time chart of FIG. 7(a), the torque is extremely large at the beginning when the salient pole begins to oppose the magnetic pole, and becomes small at the end.

Therefore, there is a drawback that the resultant torque is also large and includes pull torque. The following means are effective in eliminating such drawbacks.

FIG. 3 illustrates a state in which a magnetic attraction force is generated between the salient pole /a and the magnetic pole /Aa.

The width of the salient pole /a (width in the vertical direction of the drawing) is wider than the width of the magnetic pole /Aa.Since the other salient poles and magnetic poles have the same configuration, the salient pole /a and the magnetic pole /Aa, its output torque will be explained.

The torque that drives the salient pole /a in the direction of arrow A-/ is given by arrow J
and the magnetic flux indicated by the dotted arrow. This size is the salient pole/
When the opposing area between a and the magnetic pole/Aa is small, that is, it is large at the beginning, and becomes small at the final stage. Therefore, the output torque becomes asymmetrical. For example, it becomes a curve 29 in FIG. 7(a).

However, the lines of magnetic force indicated by L in the arrow are few at the beginning (and many at the end), so the torque increases more at the end than at the beginning when the two face each other.

Therefore, the output torque curve becomes almost symmetrical, as shown in Figure 7 (
The curve is the dotted line C9a in a).

Since the same means is adopted between the other salient poles and the magnetic poles, the output torque is also symmetrical. This torque curve is
In the time chart of Fig. 7(a), 1 curve is 3 pieces a,, 7!
b,... Furthermore, as explained in Fig. 6, if the position detection signal is set as the curve Ua and the excitation current is proportional to this signal voltage, then the curve 29 (Fig. 7 (
The torque curve shown in a)) can be made symmetrical, which has the effect of reducing resill torque.

Thirdly, there is a drawback that efficiency deteriorates.

The excitation current curve becomes curve K as shown in curve 6 in FIG. 7(,).

At the beginning of energization, the current value is small due to the inductance of the armature coil, and becomes even smaller in the center due to the back electromotive force. In the final stage, the back electromotive force is small, so it rises rapidly,
The curve will look like Hiro 6. This final peak value is equal to the current value at startup. In this section, since there is no output torque, there is only a joule loss, which has the disadvantage of greatly reducing efficiency. Since the curve 446 has a width of 110 degrees, the magnetic energy is discharged as shown by the dotted line 6a, and this causes counter torque, further degrading the efficiency.

[mu]th, when the output torque is increased, that is, when the number of salient poles and magnetic poles is increased, and when the excitation current is increased, there is a drawback that the rotational speed becomes significantly smaller.

Generally, in a reluctance type electric motor, in order to increase the output torque, it is necessary to increase the number of magnetic poles and salient poles of the ψi-th gradient, and to reduce the gap between them. At this time, if the rotation speed is maintained at the required value, the magnetic pole /6a in Fig.
Due to the magnetic energy accumulated in Therefore, a large counter torque is generated.

Due to these circumstances, the peak value of the armature current value becomes small (and counter torque is also generated, so the rotational speed becomes a small value).

Next, the configuration of the device of the present invention will be explained.

In FIG. 3, the annular portion 16 and the magnetic poles /&a, /Ab.

... is made by a well-known method of laminating and solidifying silicon steel plates, and is fixed to an outer casing (not shown) to form an armature. The part with symbol /6 is the armature magnetic core which becomes the magnetic path.

Excitation coils /7a and /7b are wound around the magnetic poles /Aa and /6b. Other excitation coils are omitted and not shown.

Although not shown, a rotating shaft ♂ is rotatably supported by a Zeel bearing provided in an outer casing that is a part of one main body, and a rotor is fixed to this.

Salient poles /a, /b, . . . are provided on the outer periphery of the rotor /, and magnetic poles /6a, /Ab, . / millimeter across the gap. Rotor l is also made by the same means as armature/6.

Although this embodiment is an adductor type, it can be configured as an abductor type. A developed view of Fig. 3 is shown in Fig. 3.

In Fig. μ, there are 70 salient poles, which have the same width and the same separation angle. Magnetic poles /Aa, /Ab.

The width of the second salient pole is equal to that of the middle salient pole, and the two salient poles are arranged at an equal pitch.

When the excitation coils /7b, /7f, /7c, /7g are energized, the salient poles /b, /g, /c, /h are attracted and rotate in the direction of arrow A-/.

When rotated by 90 degrees, the excitation coils /71) and 17f are de-energized and the excitation coils /7d and /7h are energized, so that torque is generated by the salient poles ld and 11.

The arrow /lh indicates the excitation polarity when rotated by 90 degrees from the illustrated state, and the magnetic pole /Ab and 16c are N poles.

The magnetic poles /Af and /Ag become S poles. The purpose of such polar magnetization is to reduce counter torque due to leakage of magnetic flux to other magnetic poles.

During the next 9 degrees of rotation, ie, between arrow /♂b, each magnetic pole becomes the N and S polarities shown. The symbol O indicates non-excitation.

The next 90 degree rotation, the next 90 degree rotation is the arrow/IC
, /la.

Due to the above-mentioned excitation, the rotor 1 rotates in the direction of the arrow A-/, thereby becoming a two-phase electric motor.

Since the width between each magnetic pole is 45 times that of the salient pole, the space in which the excitation coil is mounted is large. Therefore, thick wires can be used, which has the effect of reducing copper loss and increasing efficiency.

Since a reluctance type electric motor does not have a field magnet, it is necessary to increase the magnetic flux generated by the magnetic poles to account for the magnetic flux.Therefore, the large space between the magnetic poles has an important meaning.

As mentioned above, the number of magnetic poles and the number of salient poles in Figure 3 are increased compared to the known means, and according to the conventional idea, the rotation speed decreases and problems remain, making it impossible to put it into practical use. It disappears.

However, according to the means of the present invention, the above-mentioned disadvantages are eliminated and only the effect of increasing the output torque is added. Next, I will explain it.

In FIG. 10(a), excitation coils A and B represent excitation coils /7a, /7e and /7c, /7g in FIG. a, respectively, and the two sets of excitation coils are connected in series or in parallel. There is.

Transistors 1 are installed at both ends of the excitation coils A and H, respectively.
0a, 10a and 10b, 10d are inserted.

Transistors 10a, 10b, 10c, /(7d
is a switching element, and may be any other semiconductor element having the same effect.

Power is supplied from the positive and negative terminals A#a and A#b of the DC power supply.

When a high-level electrical signal is input from the 771 circuit Aja, the transistors 10a and 10c become conductive, and the exciting coil A is energized. When a high-level electrical signal is input from the AND circuit tsb, transistors iob and io
d becomes conductive, and the exciting coil B is energized.

Terminals /3h and 13c in Fig. 2 are connected to terminals j/a and j/b.
The output of each is input.

In this embodiment, coils lra, rb, and ria.

Rib faces the side surfaces of salient poles /a, /b, second, . . . , and a position detection signal is obtained by copper loss and hysteresis loss of the silicon steel plate. If aluminum plates of the same shape as the salient poles /a, /b, etc. are stacked and each coil surface faces them,
An electrical signal with a better signal-to-noise ratio can be obtained.

The inputs to terminals j/a and 3/b are converted into rectangular waves by amplification circuit A'
la, 6 Hirosu, 771 circuit A3a.

This is the input for t and sb.

A reference voltage specifying the output torque is inputted from the terminal jsa in FIG. io(a). Therefore, the output of the multiplier circuit 5g becomes an electrical signal similar to the electrical signal at the terminals /Ja and 13c in FIG. 2, but whose height differs depending on the input to the terminal 5a.

The resistor shown in Figure io (a) is connected to the child terminal of operational amplifier j7.
(1) The voltage drop of a, that is, the detection voltage of the excitation current is input.

The time chart in FIG. 2 shows the current curve flowing through the exciting coil A.

A dotted curve t♂ in FIG. 2 indicates the position detection signal Ja in FIG. 7(a) multiplied by the input voltage at the terminal Sta of the multiplier circuit sr.

Since the input of the inverting circuit 5S in FIG. 1O(a) is completely constant, the input of the AND circuit 4ja is at a high level. At this time, when the position detection signal is input to the terminal 5/a, the upper input of the 771 circuit Aja also becomes a signal, so its output becomes high level.

Transistors 10a and 10c become conductive.

The voltage drop across the resistor 70a gradually increases due to the inductance of the excitation coil, and the excitation current increases as shown by curve a in FIG.

When the input voltage at the child terminal of operational amplifier j7 exceeds that of one terminal, that is, the curve width shown in FIG. 37a.

This differential pulse energizes the monostable circuit S6, and its output becomes high level for a short period of time, so the output of the inverting circuit SS changes to low level for a corresponding time.
Transistors 10a and 10c are rendered non-conductive.

Therefore, the magnetic energy accumulated in the excitation coil A is transmitted through the diode 67b, the power supply, the resistor 70a, and the diode tFj7.
a, and this curve is curve '149 in Figure 1.
It is indicated as t+.

Since the power supply is charged, the applied voltage must be set to high (
As a result, curve +9b drops rapidly. Curve Hiromu again? The increase in a also becomes rapid. After a short time, the monostable circuit S
Since the output of 6 returns to low level, the 771 circuit 6j
The output of a also becomes high level, and energization to the excitation coil is started, and this energization curve is shown as curve Q-9c in FIG.

The above-described energization cycle is repeated, and energization is stopped at the right end of the position detection signal curve.

The energization curve has a shape similar to the 1 position detection signal, and the terminal 5
The energizing current can be controlled by inputting 1a.

The arrow 7 between the dotted lines in the figure is the time span at which the monostable circuit reaches the level. It is preferable that the operational amplifier S7 has a slight hysteresis characteristic. By utilizing this characteristic, the differentiating circuit 37a can be removed.

Under exactly the same circumstances, the transistors 10b and 10eL are controlled by the position detection signal inputted from the terminal sib, and the energization of the excitation coil B is controlled, resulting in the same energization curve. Similarly, the size can be changed by inputting to the terminal #a. As can be seen from the above explanation, it rotates as an l-phase electric motor.

Excitation coils A and B in FIG. io(a) respectively represent excitation coils /7b, /7f and excitation coils /7d, /7h in FIG. The two sets of excitation coils are connected in series or in parallel.

The position detection signals from the coils a and b are shown in Fig. 7(a).
The curves a, 2Ab, ... and the curves 2a, ylrb
.

It is...

Such a position detection signal is generated by the AND circuit A in FIG. 1O(a).
ja, Ajb, multiplier circuit sty, operational amplifier 5
It is input to terminals corresponding to terminals j/a and j/b of an electric circuit having exactly the same configuration as 7 etc.

At this time, the upper input signals of the AND circuits corresponding to the AND circuits Aja and 6jb are curved a in FIG. 7(a):
ub,... and curve! ffa, 2&'b, . . . are shaped into rectangular waves. 7 of such control circuits.
The outputs of the circuits corresponding to the circuits 71 Aja and Ajb are inputted from the terminals 6de and 6de to the transistor 10e.

The excitation current can be controlled in exactly the same way by controlling the on/off of 10g, 10f, and 10h, and the effect is also the same.

The terminal 70c serves as a detection terminal for the voltage drop across the resistor 70b, that is, the excitation current, and the reference voltage at the terminal j♂a can be used in common.

The effects of the diodes /1761, G7f, second, . . . are also the same.

Therefore, as a two-phase roughtance type electric motor, the rotor/
is rotating.

The torque due to excitation coils A and B is expressed as curve 3:La, 3cob,... in Fig. 7(a), and the torque due to excitation coils A and B is
The torque due to curves JJa, JJb, etc.
The resultant torque becomes the output torque.

The features of the device of the present invention are as follows.

The output torque is the terminal! ; It is regulated by the reference voltage of Ia and is independent of the applied voltage. The applied voltage effects the rapid accumulation and release of magnetic energy.

When a reluctance type electric motor has a high torque, a large amount of magnetic energy is accumulated, so the rotational speed decreases significantly. However, since energization similar to the position detection signal can be achieved by forcibly increasing the applied voltage, the mixture of counter torque and the delay in the rise of the current are eliminated.

Therefore, a high-speed, high-torque electric motor can be obtained, and an effective technique can be provided. Therefore, the above-mentioned ≠th defect is eliminated.

Since the current value is suppressed to a small value at the beginning and end of energization at l♂0 degrees, the decrease in efficiency mentioned above regarding the energization curve IA6 in Fig. 7 (a) can be prevented, and the same efficiency as that of a general DC machine can be obtained. It has the effect of Therefore, the above-mentioned 2. The third drawback is eliminated.

Furthermore, since the energization waveform has smooth rises and falls, as seen in the position detection signal +lr (shown in FIG. 1), it is effective in preventing the induction of vibration. Furthermore, since the above-mentioned rise and fall characteristics can be freely changed as explained with reference to FIG. 6, vibration can be controlled.

The embodiment of FIG. μ has the following features.

Although a reluctance type electric motor has a large output torque, the magnetic attraction force in the radial direction between the magnetic pole and the salient pole is also large.

Therefore, there is a drawback that mechanical vibration and noise during rotation become large. In FIGS. μ to 7, the output torque curves when rotated in the direction of arrow A-/ are curves 32a and J in FIG. 7(a).
Ja, 321), 33b, ・”.

At this time, the area where the magnetic attraction force is present, which is unrelated to the output torque in the radial direction between the magnetic pole and the salient pole, is indicated by the arrow 31Aa.

Move like 31Ab, 31Aa, 2nd, etc.

Therefore, since the magnetic attraction forces are always generated in a 90 degree overlapping manner, the rotating shaft ♂ rotates while being pressed by the bearing.

Therefore, since there is no point where the pressing force becomes zero, there is no vibration (and the generation of mechanical noise is also suppressed).

In the above case, the magnetic pole /&a and the and the magnetic pole /A'b
and/6f and magnetic pole/&c and/Ag and magnetic pole/Ad and/6
h is in an axially symmetrical position. Therefore, the magnetic attraction force against the salient poles in the radial direction should be j4 lances, but due to the gap length difference, there is an unnatural magnetic attraction force that remains, and this induces vibration. Such vibration increases in proportion to the increase in load.

Next, a description will be given of means for eliminating the above-mentioned vibrations and solving the above-mentioned first drawback.

Fig. 1 shows the locus of the salient pole surface of the rotor l, which rotates by removing the salient poles and magnetic poles from the configuration shown in Fig. 3.
It is rotating along the

The dotted line t is preferably a circumferential surface centered on the rotation center axis of the rotation shaft.

A dotted line 3 indicates the circumference along the magnetic pole surface of the armature magnetic core.

Dotted lines Ja, 2b, C2, . . . indicate the center positions of magnetic poles /Aa, /6b, /Ac, second, . . . in the 3rd μ diagram, respectively.

Dotted lines Ja and 20, dotted lines 2b and 2f, and dotted lines -〇 and 12
g and dotted lines 2d and 2h are at symmetrical positions with respect to the rotation axis ♂.

The magnetic attraction force in the radial direction of the magnetic poles and salient poles at each symmetrical position is very large.1. If the e-lance is used, vibration will not occur.

However, in order to increase the torque, the gap length between the magnetic pole and the salient pole is approximately 0.7 mm.
A lance force remains, and this force reciprocates in the radial direction and randomly presses the rotor l, inducing vibration. A means for preventing this vibration will be explained below.

The height of the magnetic pole surfaces at the positions of dotted lines 2a, Jb, 2c, 2d and the heights of the magnetic pole surfaces at the positions of dotted lines us, Jf, 2g, 2b are made different, and the polishing is done so that the gap lengths are different. Let's do it.

For example, the air gap length between the former magnetic pole surface and salient pole surface (arrows ja, jb
) is the air gap length between the latter magnetic pole and the salient pole (shown by dotted arrow 4a).
, Jb).

The direction of the receiving and attracting force does not change much, which has the effect of preventing vibrations.

The circumferential surface of the magnetic pole surface is asymmetrical circumferential surface 3 with respect to the rotation axis r.
Polish and finish so that the dotted arrows ja and jb
The same objective can be achieved even if the gap length is made larger than the gap lengths indicated by the dotted arrows Aa and Ab.

In Fig. 1, magnetic poles /be, /Af, 16g, /
The height of 6h is slightly lower, that is, on the dotted line, ? The purpose is achieved by increasing the gap length by increasing the height to .

As can be seen from the above description, the first drawback mentioned above is eliminated.

If the expanded view of Figure 1 is doubled in length to the right, the number of salient poles will be J and the number of magnetic poles will be 74. The device of the present invention can also be configured by such means. The output torque will be doubled, but the rotational speed will be %. According to actual measurements, the rotational speed increases to 70,000 times per minute, so this is a practically effective means.

At this time, the number of magnetic poles may be one. In the case of a small-diameter electric motor, there is an advantage that the mounting space for the excitation coil can be increased.

The general expression of the separation angle (phase difference) between the magnetic poles in Figure ≠ is as follows.

The phase difference between the magnetic poles /be and /Ac is (lza0 + 36
0rh) degree, the phase difference between the magnetic poles /Aa and /At) is (90
-4-36On) degrees, the phase difference between magnetic poles /6b and /Ad is (
1iro+3ton) degrees. n is a positive integer.

The circuit in Figure 1 is another means of achieving the same purpose as the circuit on the left in Figure 10(a).

In Figure 2, the outputs of terminals &2a and 62b are
The input points are M point and N point in Figure (a).

A circuit for double-wave rectification of the voltage drop of the resistors 70a and 70b shown in FIG. 1O(a), that is, an absolute value circuit is provided. Symbol j2 is an absolute value circuit, and its input terminals j2a and j2b have the first
A voltage signal across the resistor 70a in FIG. 0(a) is input. Absolute value circuit! The output of 2 is proportional to the excitation current, and regardless of whether the current is applied in the forward or reverse direction, a positive voltage signal proportional to the magnitude is input to one terminal of the operational amplifier 0.

From terminals 6Ja and 6Jb in Figure 2, terminal /3a in Figure 2
Electric signal and terminal/
An electric signal obtained by shaping the position detection signal of jc into a rectangular wave is inputted to each of them.

A reference voltage specifying the output torque is input to the terminal 31a of the multiplier circuit 5g.The terminals j/a and j/b are connected to the second Position detection signals from terminals /ja and /Jc in the figure are input.

Position detection signal (curves 8a, Q5b in Fig. 7(a),
...) is input. The output of the multiplier circuit Sg at this time is shown as a dotted line 30a in the time chart of FIG. 7(a).

When the starting end is input and the output signal of the multiplier circuit sr is larger than the current detection signal of the terminal 32c, the output of the operational amplifier 60 becomes high level, so the output of the 771 circuit A/a becomes high level, transistor 10a
, 10Q become conductive, and the excitation coil A starts to be energized.
This curve is shown as curve J/a in FIG. 7(a).

Since the voltage applied to the power supply terminal 6gaj#b is a high voltage, the rising part of the armature current curve j/a becomes steep, and when the output of the current detection circuit described above becomes larger than the output of the multiplier circuit sr, The output of the operational amplifier 60 is converted to a low level, and the output of the 771 circuit A/a is set to a low level.

Therefore, transistors 10rs and 100 become non-conductive. The discharge of the stored magnetic energy therefore causes the current to decrease along curve 31b. When the value decreases to a predetermined value, the output of the operational amplifier AO becomes high level again, and the transistor 1
0a and 10c conduct, and the current increases along the curve J/c. Such a cycle is repeated due to the hysteresis characteristic of the operational amplifier 60, which serves as a positive feedback circuit. The upper and lower limits of the current are the dotted line JOa in Figure 7(a) and 30
It becomes b. The dotted lines 30h and 30b are regulated by the reference voltage signal of the torque command.

When transistors 10a and 10c are turned non-conducting, the stored magnetic energy in excitation coil A is transferred to diode 67.
b, power supply, resistor 7 (7a, diode A7a). Since the power supply is charged, the discharge current drops rapidly. The rise is also rapid in accordance with the power supply voltage, so Even during high-speed rotation, the energization waveform is similar to the position detection signal curve. Therefore, the generation of counter torque is suppressed and high-speed rotation is possible. There is also the effect of increasing efficiency.

The position detection signal from the terminal Slb, that is, the curve in FIG. 7(a)! Even when signals 7a, 27b, second, . . . are input, the output of the terminal 62b causes the transistors 10b, 10
The on/off control of d is performed in the same way. Therefore, it rotates as an l-phase electric motor.

The situation is the same for the excitation coils A and B, and the same energization control is performed by the circuit shown in FIG.

Therefore, it rotates as a two-phase electric motor. The operation and effect are the same as in the previous embodiment.

Another means of controlling the energization of the excitation coil will now be described with reference to FIG. 10(b).

In Figure 1O(b), the outputs of terminals /Ja and /Jc in Figure 1 are input to terminals 72a and 7Jb, and the coils J'a and rb in Figure μ are input to terminal 7C272d. Position detection signals corresponding to the outputs of terminals /Ja and /Jc when replaced with a and b are input.

Terminal? The inputs 2a, 72b, second, . . . are converted into rectangular waves by the rectangular wave shaping circuits 7ja, 7jb, .

Terminals 7Ja, 7Jb, 72a, 7! The above-mentioned rectangular wave position detection signal corresponding to the input of
sb, ... and curves J7a, J7b, - and curves J6a, J6b, ... and curves 3♂a, 3
1b, . . . are shown closed.

The curve J6a is 0 degrees ahead of the curve 33rL.

The input of the AND circuit 7Ja is the curve 3ja t 33;
b e... and curves J6a, JAb,..., so the outputs are curves Jqa, J9b,... and have a width of 90 degrees.

The input of the AND circuit 73t) is curve 3fa, J7bp'
. . , and the curves 31a, 31b, . . . , so the outputs become the curves a, Q-Ob, .

The input of the AND circuit 7Jc is the curve 33 a t Jj
b #... and the curves Jlh, 31b, . . . , so the outputs are the curves 1A/a, Hiro/ll, .

The inputs of the AND circuit 7Jd are curves J7a, J7b,
. . and the curves J6a, JAb, . . . and the outputs thereof are the curves Hiro Ja, 4C2b, .

Transistors 10a, 10a and transistor 10b.

10d controls the energization of the excitation coils A and B as in the previous embodiment.

When the DC power is turned on, power is supplied from the terminal Alc, so the voltage drop across the resistor 7Aa becomes maximum due to the charging current of the capacitor 76, and the input of the amplifier circuit 74'at7 becomes high level.

Therefore, the outputs of OR circuits 7#a and 7#b are as shown in FIG.
) curves J, ta, Jjl), etc., and curves J7a, J7b, etc. which are the inversions of these curves.

Therefore, by the output of the OR circuit 7♂a, the excitation coil A is energized with a width of 110 degrees, and the excitation coil B is energized with a width of 110 degrees with a delay of iro degrees.

Therefore, the output torque of the l-phase glue rough tan machine is obtained.

The block circuit T is a current supply control circuit for the excitation coils A and B, and is a transistor circuit using V transistors. It has exactly the same configuration as the transistor circuits of excitation coils A and B. Also, OR circuit 7J a, 71 b
It also includes those corresponding to the s-and circuits 7-a and 7-b.

Therefore, due to the inputs to the terminals 77a, 77b, 77c, the excitation coils A and B are energized with a width of iro degree, and the curves 36a, J6b, ... and the curves Jja, 31b
This is performed in response to the l-th, second, . . . electrical signals.

Capacitor 76, resistor? The time constant circuit of Aa can be used in common.

Therefore, it starts as a co-phase reluctance type electric motor for a set period of time.

In this state, when the speed increases, as explained in the previous embodiment, counter torque is generated, the increase stops, and the efficiency also deteriorates.

However, after the set time has passed, 1 of the AND circuit %at%b
Since two inputs are converted to low level, the output becomes low level. Therefore, 771 circuit 73a.

The 7 Jb output controls the energization of the excitation coils A and B. Also, terminal 7? a.7? The excitation coils A and B are similarly energized by the output of b.

Therefore, the curves of the excitation currents of the excitation coils A, B, A, and B become the dotted lines tAJa, <&Jb, . . . in FIG. 7(b), and other dotted line curves.

The properties of the excitation current described above in the case of the position detection signal Jqa will now be explained.

Due to the inductance of the excitation coil A, the rise is like the dotted line Hiro 3a, and the curve J? At the right end of a, transistors 10a and 10c are non-conducting, so the stored magnetic energy is transferred to the diode A? Since the current is circulated through a and lb to charge the power source, the excitation current quickly disappears.

When the power supply voltage is increased, the peak value of the curve 9Ja becomes larger, and the output torque increases. At this time as well, the magnetic energy flowing back into the power supply disappears even more rapidly because the power supply voltage is high.

Therefore, the widths of the excitation current curves Ja, tAJb, 2nd, . . . do not exceed iro degrees, and no counter torque occurs.

Even at high speeds, the angle does not exceed 180 degrees.

The above-mentioned circumstances are exactly the same for other excitation coils.

Therefore, a high-speed, high-torque reluctance motor can be obtained. That is, it maintains the characteristic of a reluctance type electric motor, which is a large output torque, and has the characteristic of being able to change the speed up to high speeds by changing the applied voltage.

According to actual measurements, it is possible to create an electric motor with an output torque of around io kilogram centimeters and a rotation rate of 60,000 revolutions per minute.

Since the control circuit is simplified compared to the previous embodiment,
It can be made significantly cheaper than a variable speed induction machine with an inverter.

Including the previous embodiments, the rotor is made only of silicon steel plates, so there is no damage due to centrifugal force even at high speeds.

The i-th one does not require much torque at startup.

Capacitor 76, resistor 76a, OR circuit 7♂ in figure (b)
a.

71b, Anr circuit? A circuit including Qa and 7 is unnecessary. Curve ua in FIG. 7(b), '1lAb,...
and curves ttSa, μ5b, . . . are output torque curves due to excitation coils A and B and energization of excitation coils A and B, respectively.

As in the previous embodiment, since each torque curve overlaps by qo degrees, generation of vibration due to magnetic attraction force in the radial direction is prevented. The occurrence of other vibrations is similarly prevented by the same means as in the previous embodiment.

Although each of the above-mentioned embodiments is a case of a co-phase roughtance type electric motor, the same technical means can be applied to a three-phase roughtance type electric motor.

Next, FIG. 10(c) will be explained. Figure io(c)
is a power source control circuit that achieves the same purpose as in FIGS. 1O(a) and 1(b).

The terminals tOa and ♂Oa are the positive and negative terminals of the DC power supply, and the voltage at the intermediate value thereof is the terminal ♂Ob.

The voltage drop across resistor 70 is proportional to the excitation current.

This voltage drop is caused by the double wave rectifier circuit (absolute value circuit) R.
A positive voltage is always output to the output terminal.

This output voltage is used as a signal proportional to the excitation current. The outputs of points M and N in FIG. 10(a) are input to terminals g2a and &Jb, respectively.

When the input signal at terminal I2a or I2b is at zero, excitation coil A or B is energized.

When the input to the terminal 2a changes to a low level, the transistor r/a becomes non-conductive, and the stored magnetic energy in the excitation coil A is discharged via the power supply lob, the terminal Oa, and the diode F 3b. Since this is a circuit that returns energy to the power source, the current supply stops rapidly, as in FIG. 1O(a). The same effect occurs through the diode 7a when the transistor Z/b becomes non-conductive. This embodiment can be applied to both of the energization control means explained in FIG. io(b), with or without combining the circuits of FIG. 2 and FIG. 10(a).

Compared to the circuit shown in FIG.

〔effect〕

First, as explained in Figure 1, when the load is large,
That is, mechanical vibrations and noise that occur when the excitation current is large are eliminated.

Second, as understood from the explanation of each embodiment, the rotational speed can be controlled independently by the applied voltage, and the output torque can be controlled independently by the excitation current. can be designed freely. Therefore, it can be used as a DC motor to provide an effective means.

In particular, since the rotor is simply a laminated body of silicon steel plates, it can be made elongated and has a small inertia, which is effective. Furthermore, the same output torque can be obtained without using expensive rare earth magnets in the rotor.

Since the excitation current that is ineffective to the output torque is cut off, efficiency can be increased.

Since the rotation speed and output torque can be changed freely and independently,
Utilizing such characteristics, it is possible to improve the torque and rotational speed characteristics.

The third advantage of the device of the present invention is as follows. That is, when the torque is high, especially in a reluctance type electric motor, the inductance of the excitation coil becomes large and a counter-torque is generated, resulting in a low speed. In order to prevent this and obtain high-speed, high-torque characteristics, the magnetic energy stored in the excitation coil is rapidly supplied to the power supply, and the excitation current curve is regulated to be within a width of 110 degrees to achieve the purpose. This is what we have achieved.

Firstly, the embodiment shown in FIG. 1O (b>) has the same characteristics as an induction motor with an inverter and simplifies one circuit, resulting in a low cost and an effect of increasing the output torque.

No.! Since a coil can be used as a position sensing element,
It is heat resistant and can be made into a high output electric motor.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the vibration generation prevention means of the device of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an electric circuit diagram including a coil serving as a 1-position detection element.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the configuration of the device of the present invention, FIG.
Explanatory diagram of means for making the output torque curve symmetrical, No. 6
The figure is a graph of the position detection signal curve, and FIG. 7 is the position detection signal. Fig. R is a time chart of the excitation current curve; Fig. 2 is a energization control circuit diagram of a part of the excitation coil; Fig. 10 is another example of the excitation coil. The energization control circuit diagrams of each are shown. C. Rotor, tap / b + / c +
... salient poles, Ja, Jb, ..., h... dotted line indicating the position of the magnetic pole, 3... circumferential surface including the magnetic pole surface, ≠...
・Circumferential surface including salient pole surface, 16... Fixed armature, t・
... Rotating axis, 7... Oscillation circuit, /3. jjb,
! ;7,60. ... operational amplifier, /Aa, jjb
, = magnetic pole, /7a, /7b, A, B, A. B...Exciting coil, n...Protrusion part, 2. u,
ua, 23b, ..., :ua, jjb
,”・,J7a ,27b ,−,2&a. 21b ,・−,33a,jjb ,= ,jAa ,
JAb, -, J7a, J7b, -, 31a, 31
b,...,3qa,Jqb,--. ll0a, HiroOb,..., tA/a,
44/b, -=, HiroJa, Hiro2b. =-, 30a, 30'b, 'AI---Position detection signal, 29.19a. 32a, 3: Lb, -, JJa, JJb,"・,u
a, #b. ..., Hiroja, 4'jb, ... Torque curve, ,7
/a, J/b. -,4'A,4'6ts,uJa,<4Jb,
”・, 4'qa, Hiroqb, −・・Exciting current curve・
6zaa, 6th, +IC...Power supply voltage negative pole. 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d...) transistor, 6 hiroa. 4Qb, -, 7ja, 75 b, ... rectangular wave shaping circuit, 5g ... multiplication circuit, T ... energization control circuit for excitation coils A and B, t/a, t/b
-・-) transistor, rOa, 10b, rOa...
DC power supply positive electrode, R152...Absolute value circuit, 36
...monostable circuit.

Claims (1)

[Claims] In a reluctance type electric motor, a rotor made of a magnetic material whose center portion is fixed to a rotating shaft rotatably supported by a bearing provided in the main body, and a magnetic rotor arranged at equal widths and equal pitches on the rotating surface of the rotor. A plurality of magnetic salient poles provided,
A fixed armature core made of an annular magnetic material and fixed to the main body, which protrudes from the armature core at an axially symmetrical position while facing the salient pole, and faces the salient pole through a slight air gap. First, second, ... magnetic poles are composed of a set of two having the same width as the salient poles, are spaced apart from each other by a set angle, and each magnetic pole is arranged at an equal separation angle along the circumferential surface. , first,
The first, second,... wound around each of the second,... magnetic poles.
an excitation coil, a position detection device including a plurality of position detection elements fixed to the armature magnetic core side and capable of obtaining position detection signals of multiple phases within 180 degrees in electrical angle, and position detection signals of multiple phases. , the transistors connected in series to each of the first, second, etc. excitation coils are energized, and the corresponding excitation coils are energized by the DC power supply, and the electrical angle is 1.
With respect to the energization control circuit that obtains a driving torque in one direction with a energization angle not exceeding 80 degrees, and the radial magnetic attraction force between the first, second, ... magnetic poles and the opposing salient poles within the semicircular surface, By making the radial magnetic attraction forces of the first, second, ... magnetic poles and the opposing salient poles in the other semicircumferential surfaces slightly different, the rotor always receives a predetermined radial magnetic attraction force. A reluctance electric motor characterized by comprising a rotating means.