JPH01295992A - Tunnel excavator - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] Technical Field The present invention relates to a tunnel excavation device, and more specifically, the present invention relates to a tunnel excavation device.
N being constructed in mountain tunnels and urban tunnels
ATM (New＾stri＠n Tunnel
lingNetbod) construction method.

In the conventional NATM method, a worker operates a small excavator on the face to divide the excavation section into several sections. concrete is sprayed for the purpose of protecting the tunnel and improving the surface roughness, and during the spraying, rock bolts are embedded to increase the reliability of the concrete, and after or in parallel with the tunnel excavation, secondary reinforced concrete is applied. Refers to a series of tunnel construction techniques that include lining.

Problems to be solved by inventions Such prior art has the following problems.

(1) Workers must perform excavation work on the face,
Requires work in adverse environments.

(2) The soil quality of the face changes rapidly, making it difficult to respond quickly to face collapse and water gushing in the fracture zone.

(3) Excavation of soft layers cannot be easily performed.

(4) - Numerically, the excavator is small and inefficient, and if the entire cross section is excavated at once, the face tends to collapse, resulting in poor work efficiency.

(5) Since the worker operates the excavator to excavate the face, it is difficult to save labor.

(6) The working environment is noise, vibration, dust, scattering of excavation shavings,
It is extremely bad due to the splashing of concrete spray.

The present invention solves the problem (1) of such prior art.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel tunnel excavation device which solves all of the problems in (6) and which enables safe and efficient excavation work.

Means for Solving the Problems The present invention provides: a shield body having a partition wall with the face side; an excavator provided in the shield body in front of the partition wall for excavating the face; and an excavator provided at the tip of the shield body. , a shield hood having an outer shape substantially the same as the cross-sectional shape of the borehole to be excavated and protruding forward than the partition wall; a means for driving the shield body forward; and a means for driving the shield body forward; The tunnel excavation device is characterized in that the reaction force receiver includes means for receiving the reaction force acting on the shield body during excavation.

The present invention also includes a jack for driving the excavating means forward with respect to the shield body.

The present invention also provides a shield main body having a front main body having a partition wall with the face side, and a closing main body rearward of the front main body that is movable relative to the front main body in the forward direction; an excavation means provided in front of the bulkhead to excavate the face; and an excavation means provided at the tip of the front body, having an external shape almost the same as the cross-sectional shape of the borehole to be excavated, and protruding forward of the bulkhead. A reaction force receiver is provided between the shield hood, the means, and the front body and the rear body, which is provided on the rear body and is engaged with the inner circumferential surface of the excavation hole to receive the reaction force acting on the front body during excavation. and a jack for driving the front body forward with respect to the rear body.

According to the present invention for fV, the shield body is provided with a partition wall, which separates it from the face side, and the shield main body is provided with excavation means in front of the partition wall. 7
It is safe for workers, it is easy to rapidly change the soil quality of the face surface, it is easy to quickly respond to face collapse and water eruption in the fracture zone, and it is easy to excavate soft layers. It can be carried out. Furthermore, by increasing the size of the excavation means,
The face can be excavated all at once, resulting in good excavation efficiency. Furthermore, it is easy to save labor. It is also possible to improve the working environment.

Further, according to the present invention, the shield body has a front body and a rear body, the front body is provided with a partition wall for partitioning from the face, and the front body is provided with an excavation means, so that work efficiency can be improved as described above. is improved.

Example FIG. 1 is a sectional view of one embodiment of the present invention.

This tunnel excavation device 1 basically consists of a shield body 4 having a distance N3 from the face 2 side, and an excavation means 5 provided on this shield body #4 in front of the bulkhead 3 (to the left in FIG. 1). The shield body 4 has a shield hood 6 provided at the tip of the shield body 4, and a crawler 7 which is an endless track for driving the shield body 4 forward. The reaction force that acts,
The reaction force receiver for locking and receiving the excavated hole 8 is used as the means 9.

FIG. 2 is a simplified perspective view showing the shield main body 4, shield hood 6, etc. Shield hood 6 is
It has an external shape that is almost the same as the cross-sectional shape of the excavation hole 8, and has a shape in which it protrudes forward from the bulkhead 3 (to the left in FIG. are doing.

A sealing member 10 is disposed on the outer periphery of the shield hood 6 so as to be fitted into a groove formed in the shield hood 6. This seal member 10 has flexibility, and air, water, hydraulic oil, etc. are forced into the inside thereof to expand the seal member 10 radially outward and bring it into close contact with the inner circumferential surface of the excavated hole 8 . This can prevent water from intruding rearward (to the right in FIG. 1) when water suddenly erupts in the fracture zone of the face 2.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the excavating means 5, and FIG. 4 is a front view of the excavating means 5. The 18i cutting head 12 includes a head body 13 and a cutter bit 14 fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the head body 13. The head body 13 of this excavation head 12 has a shaft portion 1 extending rearward (to the right of the third tg).
5, and an annular gear 16 is fixed to the end surface of this shaft portion 15. This shaft portion 15 receives radial force and thrust force by a bearing 17 . It is supported by a support member 18 . A plurality of motors 19 for rotationally driving the excavation head 12 are attached to the support member 18 at intervals in the circumferential direction, and a gear 20 is rotationally driven by the motors 19 . The gear 2o meshes with a gear 16 attached to the excavation head 12, and the outer periphery of the shaft portion 15 of the head body 13 is secured to the support member 1 by an annular seal member 21.
8 is fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the housing 22. The end of a piston rod 24 of a double-acting hydraulic cylinder 23 is connected to the housing 22 and thus to the support member 18 by a pin 25 .

The housing 22 covers the piston rod 24 and its vicinity,
Airtightness is achieved by the seal member 28 interposed between the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 27 and the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 27.

In this way, the excavation head 12 rotates the motor 19 around the axis 30 parallel to the axis 29 of the present tunnel excavation device 1.
The cylinder 23 is rotatably driven by the cylinder 23 and has an axis 31 perpendicular to the axis 29, 30. The cylinder 23 is connected to the cylindrical body 27 by a pin 32. This cylindrical body 27 is fixed to the end of the rotating shaft 33.

The rotating shaft 33 passes through the partition wall 3 and opens into the space 8 of the shield body 4.
Stands out at 9. This rotating shaft 33 is supported by the partition wall 3 by a radial bearing 34, and is also supported by a radial bearing 35.
is supported by the displacement member 36 by the thrust bearing 3
A gear 38 is fixed to the 0-rotation shaft 33 which is supported by the displacement member 36 by the gear 7. The motor 3 is attached to the displacement member 36.
9 is fixed. The motor 39 rotates a gear 40 that meshes with the gear 38. In this way, the rotary shaft 33 is rotated around the axis 29 by the motor 39, and the drilling head 1
2 can be made to revolve. While the rotary shaft 33 is revolved by the motor 39, the excavation head 12 is rotated by the motor 19, and the cylinder 23 is expanded and contracted to excavate the face 2 into a shape corresponding to the shield hood 6. I can do it.

FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing the state of excavation of the face 2. The axis 30 of the drilling head 12 rotates around the cylinder 2 as it revolves.
3 and by following the trajectory indicated by reference numeral 42, it is possible to form the excavated hole 8 having a desired cross-sectional shape.

During this excavation, the bulkhead 3 prevents the danger of the face 2 collapsing.

The displacement member 36 is driven forward (to the left in FIG. 1) by a jack 43 formed by a double-acting cylinder. One end 44 of this jack 43 is connected to the displacement member 36
The other end 45 is tied to the shield main body 4. A plurality of such jacks 43 are installed at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.

During excavation, the excavation head 12 is driven to rotate by the motor 19, and in this state, the jack 43 is extended to advance the displacement member 36. Therefore, the excavation head 12 moves forward. Thereafter, the forward movement of the displacement member 36 by the jack 43 is stopped, and in this state, the excavation head 1 is moved by the motor 39.
At the same time, the entire cross section of the face 2 is excavated at once by the extension wI drive of the cylinder 23.

The reaction force acting on the shield body 4 during excavation is received by the reaction force receiving means 9. This reaction force receiving means 9 includes a pressing piece 47 that can come into contact with and locking the inner circumferential surface of the excavated hole 8, and a double-acting cylinder that drives the pressing piece 47 to displace it in the radial direction of the shield body 4. It has a jack 48 consisting of. One end 49 of the jack 48 is connected to the pressing piece 47 via a bottle, and the other end 50 of the jack 48 is connected to the pressing piece 47.
A bottle is coupled to the shield main body 4 within a storage recess 51 that accommodates the shield.

The excavated earth and sand is collected by earth and sand scraping means 53 provided at the lower part of the shield hood 6, and is discharged by a screw conveyor 54 provided through the partition wall 3. The earth and sand raking means 53 includes a plurality of raking pieces 56 driven by a drive source 55 for angular displacement.

The lower part of the shield body 4 has a rotation axis perpendicular to the axis 29 in order to shape the cross-sectional shape of the borehole 8 to match the detailed shape of the cross-section of the borehole 8 which will become a tunnel. A pair of drilling heads 58 (see FIGS. 2 and 5) are provided. The lower corner of the excavation hole 8 is shaped by rotating the excavation head 58.

A mounting member 60 is fixed to the shield main body 4 surrounding a work space 59 within the shield main body 4, and an erector 61 for assembling the shoring is attached to the mounting member 60 within the work space 59. And, the mounting member 62 has
A means 63 for concrete spraying and a means 64 for attaching rock bolts are attached. In this way, while excavating the face 2, simultaneously with the excavation work, the shoring can be assembled by the erector 61, and the concrete spraying and rock bolt installation work can be performed. This allows work to be done extremely efficiently. Concrete 65 is used for spraying that is in close contact with the ground.
By the action of the rock bolts 66 that reinforce the ground, a support ring is formed in the ground around the tunnel and the tunnel is lined.

When the excavated face 2 is severely collapsed, the boring machine/chemical injector 67 is used to perform a polling process on the face 2 and inject a hardening chemical into the face to prevent the face 2 from collapsing prior to excavation. prevent it from happening.

In this way, work by the worker on the face 2 can be eliminated, the partition wall 3 can be provided between the face 2 and the work space 59 where the worker is present, and safety can be improved. Moreover, the excavation hole 8 can be excavated all at once. Furthermore, the face 2 can quickly respond to various types of soil such as soft layers and hard rock layers, sudden changes in soil quality, face collapse in fracture zones, and water eruptions. Furthermore, the accuracy of the tunnel and the surface roughness of the excavated hole 8 can be improved. Furthermore, in the work space 59, noise, vibration,
Since there is little dust, scattering of excavation debris, etc., the environment is favorable, and the negative impact on residents near the location where the borehole 8 is being excavated can be suppressed. In addition, there is no need for auxiliary construction such as pressurization or improvement of the preceding geology, resulting in good workability. Additionally, shoring assembly, concrete spraying, and rock bolt assembly operations can be performed quickly. In this way, tunnel construction can be performed with high accuracy, with excellent safety, reliability, and speed.

By making the shield hood 6 protrude toward the face 2 side and excavating with the excavating means 5 in the space surrounded by the shield hood 6, collapse of the face 2 during excavation can be prevented as much as possible, and efficiency can be improved. Able to perform good excavation work.

The shield hood 6 is removably attached to the shield body 4,
This makes it possible to easily excavate the excavated hole 8 having the cross-sectional shape of each layer.

FIG. 6 shows a tunnel excavation device 71 according to another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. This embodiment is similar to the previous embodiment;
Corresponding parts are given the same reference signs, f! In this embodiment, the shield body 72 includes a front body 73 and a rear body 74.
and has. A partition wall 3 is formed in the front body 73.

The rear body 74 is located at the rear of the front body 73 (to the right in FIG. 6).
The front body 73 can be displaced relative to the front body 73 in the forward direction.

The rear main body 74 is provided with a means 9 for receiving reaction force. One end 76 of the jack 75 is connected to the front body 73 (by a pin, and the other end of this jack 75 is connected to the rear body 74 by a pin. A cylindrical body 78 is provided at the rear end of the front body 73. A sliding metal 79 is interposed between the outer circumferential surface of the cylindrical body 78 and the inner circumferential surface of the rear body 75, so that the front body 73 and the rear body 74 can be connected by the jacks 75. mutual displacement along the axis 29 becomes smooth.

The rotating shaft 33 of the excavating means 5 is mounted on a bearing 3 as in the previous embodiment.
4 is supported on the partition wall 3. This shaft 33 is supported by a support 80 by means of radial bearings 34.35 and thrust bearings 37. This support body 80 is the front body 7
3 is integrally fixed.

The front body 73 is provided with a locking means 82 for locking to the inner circumferential surface of the excavated hole 8 . This locking means 82 is pressed against the inner peripheral surface of the excavated hole 8 . Pressing piece 83 and this pressing piece 8
3 and a jack 84 which is a double-acting cylinder that drives the tunnel excavation device 71 in the radial direction.
One end 85 is tied to the pressing piece 83, and the other end 86 of the jack 84 is tied to the front main body 73 within a storage recess 87 formed in the front main body 73.

The reaction force during excavation by the excavation means 5 is received by the reaction force receiving means 9 provided on the rear body 74 and by the locking means 82. When the front body 73 and the excavating means 5 are advanced by the jack 75, the reaction force receiver contracts the jack 84 of the locking means 82 while the cylinder 48 of the means 9 is extended.

To move the shield main body 72 forward, first, the reaction force receiver extends the jack 48 of the means 9 and presses and locks the pressing piece 49 against the inner peripheral surface of the excavated hole 8, and then the locking means 82
The primary reaction force receiver retracts the cylinder 84 of the means 9 and extends the jack 75, and the cylinder 48 of the locking means 8
The second cylinder 84 is extended to press and lock the pressing piece 83 against the inner peripheral surface of the excavated hole 8. In this state, the jack 75 is reduced. In this way, the front main body 73 and the rear main body 74 can be moved forward in a manner of taking out the length.

Effects As described above, according to the present invention, the working face can be excavated all at once within the space separated from the working face by the partition wall.
Tunnel excavation can be carried out safely and efficiently with good workability.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a simplified perspective view showing the shield main body 4, shield hood 6, etc., FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the excavation means 5, and FIG. 4 is an excavation device. No. 5113 is a front view of the means 5, No. 5113 is a cross-sectional view of the excavation hole 8, and No. 6121 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the present invention. 1.71...Tunnel excavation equipment, 2...Face, 3.
... Bulkhead, 4, 72... Shield body, 5... Excavation means, 6... Shield hood, 7... Crawler, 8
... Excavation hole, 9 ... Reaction force receiving means, 43 ... Jacket, 53 ... Earth and sand raking means, 54 ... Screw conveyor, 73 ... Front body, 74 ... Rear Principal Agent Patent Attorney Number of strokes

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) A shield main body having a partition wall with the face side, an excavation means provided on the shield main body in front of the partition wall to excavate the face, and a cross section of the excavation hole to be excavated, provided at the tip of the shield main body. a shield hood having an outer shape substantially the same as that of the bulkhead and protruding forward than the partition; a means for driving the shield body forward; and a means for driving the shield body forward; and a means for engaging the inner peripheral surface of the excavation hole and acting on the shield body during excavation A tunnel excavation device comprising a reaction force receiving means for receiving a reaction force. (2) The tunnel excavation apparatus according to claim 1, comprising a jack for driving the excavation means forward with respect to the shield body. (3) A shield body having a front body having a partition wall with the face side, and a rear body which is movable relative to the front body in the forward direction behind the front body, and an excavation means for excavating the face; and a shield hood provided at the tip of the front body, having an external shape substantially the same as the cross-sectional shape of the excavation hole to be excavated, and protruding forward from the bulkhead. and a reaction force receiving means provided on the rear body to receive the reaction force acting on the front body during excavation by being engaged with the inner circumferential surface of the excavation hole; A tunnel excavation device comprising: a jack that drives the main body forward with respect to the rear main body.