JPH01310384A - Automatic arrangement system - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To generate accompaniment patterns adapted to respective partial melodies automatically by utilizing an extracted melody structure by analyzing input melody data and extracting the relation among partial melodies as elements of the data as the melody structure. CONSTITUTION:A partial melody extraction part 2 applies a division rule 3 to basic data 1 to find notes at respective division points of a basic melody and divide the melody into partial melodies. Then a melody structure extracting means 4 determines which of introduction, development, turn and conclusion the partial melodies correspond to according to similarity among the partial melodies and the input order of the partial melodies. An accompaniment determining means 5 applies an accompaniment rule 6 to determine accompaniment patterns which are used for the respective partial melodies. An editing data generating means 8 generates accompaniment data according to chord progress wherein patterns specified from the accompaniment patterns are held previously and outputs the data as arrangement data together with the basic melody data. Thus, the accompaniment patterns adapted to the respective partial melodies are generated automatically.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of Industrial Application) The present invention relates to an automatic arrangement method that generates an accompaniment suitable for an input melody and outputs it as arrangement data.

(Prior art) Arranging involves adding accompaniment to a target melody (hereinafter referred to as the basic melody), creating sub-melodies, creating preludes, interludes, postludes, etc., and determining the arrangement structure. This is the act of creating a musical score or performance data that can be played as a piece of music.

Currently, these tasks are basically done manually. In other words, an arranger creates music in his head and writes it into a score.

However, with this method, the result of the arrangement cannot be immediately heard as a performance. Therefore, in recent years, music has been arranged using the automatic performance function of computers. In this method, arranged performance data is created using a performance data creation editor, and the final song data is created while checking and correcting the arrangement results through automatic performance. However, with either method, the current situation is that arranging takes a lot of effort and time. In addition, for the arrangement,
Since advanced musical knowledge and skills are required, people who do not have these skills cannot arrange music.

For these two reasons, attempts have recently been made to automate some of the arranging tasks.

One known attempt is to automatically add accompaniment during the arrangement process. One of these uses an automatic accompaniment function provided in keyboard instruments such as Yamaha Corporation's PortaSound (trademark). This allows the user to select their favorite accompaniment pattern from among the accompaniment patterns provided in the instrument, play the melody with the right hand, and play the bass note with the left hand to play the accompaniment with chords that follow the bass note. A pattern is played. When changing the accompaniment pattern, the pattern can be changed even during the performance by selecting a different accompaniment pattern using a switch.

Moller performs similar automatic accompaniment by using automatic performance software on a personal computer. This includes, for example, the music software "m" for the personal computer X68000 manufactured by Sharp Corporation.
usic-pro" is known. This software has a function to automatically play a specified accompaniment pattern according to the input chord. Therefore, using an editor, you can select the type of accompaniment pattern for the melody and By describing the chord progression, accompaniment is automatically created and performed according to the chord progression.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) In the conventional method of automatic accompaniment, it is necessary for the user to specify a change in accompaniment, and if the user does not specify, the same accompaniment pattern is played in all melodic sections. , the disadvantage is that the performance becomes monotonous for long melodies.

To prevent this, some conventional keyboard instruments have automatic accompaniment functions that include a ``fill-in'' function. A “fill-in” is an improvised background that decorates a blank part of a melody, and by specifying a “fill-in,” you can temporarily change the accompaniment pattern at that point.However, this function was temporary and did not change the accompaniment pattern itself.

In addition, in the conventional method, accompaniment is only added to the basic melody, and it is necessary to decide the arrangement structure and each component (prelude, interlude, postlude, chorus, etc.), which is an essential task for arranging. It was not intended to automate the creation of That is, in order to finish the basic melody as a song, it was necessary to take the conventional effort to determine the arrangement structure and create each component.

In order to solve these problems of the conventional method, the first method of the present invention is
The object of the invention is to provide an automatic arrangement method that eliminates the trouble of specifying accompaniment changes and the monotony of performance in conventional methods, and realizes automatic and appropriate accompaniment pattern changes at melodic breaks.

Further, the second invention provides an automatic arrangement method that determines an arrangement structure consisting of a prelude, interlude, postlude, and chorus from an input melody, creates performance data for each element, and realizes a performance as a song. With the goal.

(Means for Solving the Problem) The automatic arrangement method according to the first aspect of the present invention analyzes input melody data, and constructs a melody structure by analyzing partial melodies that are constituent elements of the melody data and the relationships between these partial melodies. The feature is that an accompaniment pattern suitable for each partial melody is created using the extracted melody structure, and outputted as arrangement data together with the melody data.

The automatic arrangement method according to the second aspect of the present invention analyzes input melody data, extracts partial melodies that are constituent elements of the melody data and relationships between these partial melodies as a melodic structure, and extracts the extracted melodic structure. The present invention is characterized in that performance data for a prelude, an interlude, a postlude, and a chorus, which are elements of an arrangement composition, are created using the and partial melodies, and output as arrangement data.

(Operation) The first aspect of the present invention analyzes the input melody, divides the melody data into a set of cohesive melodies (referred to as partial melodies), and calculates the relationship between the found partial melodies. By determining the melodic structure, it is possible to create automatic accompaniment that is rich in variety. The principle will be explained below.

In general, the melody of a piece of music has a beginning, development, turn, and conclusion based on a plurality of partial melodies, that is, a flow of thoughts. Furthermore, when adding accompaniment to a melody, it is important to consider the flow of the song and change the accompaniment to avoid monotony and to liven up the song. The principle of the present invention is to first analyze the melody, divide it into partial melodies, which are the basic units that create the flow of the song, and then determine the relationships between these partial melodies, which are the elements that make up the flow of the song. Find it as a melodic structure. Furthermore, by utilizing the determined melodic structure, it is possible to change the accompaniment according to changes in the song idea at the pauses between partial melodies. In the present invention, by providing partial melody extraction means for dividing melody data into partial melodies, melody structure extraction means for determining melody structure as a relationship between partial melodies, and accompaniment determining means, the above-mentioned Achieve a rich variety of accompaniment. The processing by the partial melody extraction means and the melody structure extraction means will be explained below.

The partial melody extracting means analyzes the input melody for one song and divides it into a set of partial melodies, each of which is a coherent unit of melody. At this time, rules regarding notes and melodies for dividing the melody are predetermined in the partial melody extraction means, and by applying these rules, the notes at the dividing points are obtained. Once the notes at the dividing points are determined, the melodic structure extracting means determines the relationship between each partial melody as a melodic structure. The relationship between partial melodies is an element related to the development of the melodies, and is determined from the input order of the partial melodies and the similarity of the melodies. The similarity of melodies is determined from the distance between melodies using the pitch difference and note length difference between each partial melody. - Assuming that the development of the melodies in a song follows the flow of the beginning, development, turn, and conclusion, we can determine whether each partial melody corresponds to “beginning,” “jou,” “continuation,” or “pa-ketsu.” It is determined from the manual order and similarity of the partial melodies.

The means of determining accompaniment is based on the desired melodic structure, i.e.
The accompaniment pattern for each partial melody is determined from the relationship between the beginning, development, and conclusion of each partial melody. Rules for adding accompaniment to a melodic structure are determined in advance, and the accompaniment is determined by these rules. The accompaniment rules include rules that limit the accompaniment pans used for each part of the beginning, development, turn, and conclusion. In this way, since an accompaniment pattern is determined for each partial melody, the accompaniment changes in a way that matches the idea of the piece at the end of the melody, making it possible to create a richly varied accompaniment.

The second aspect of the present invention analyzes input melody data, determines melodic structures that are partial melodies and relationships between these partial melodies, and converts the determined melodic structure into an arrangement structure. It is used to create performance data such as prelude, interlude, and postlude, which are the elements of In the present invention,
By providing a partial melody extraction means, a melody structure extraction means, an arrangement composition selection means, and a composition element creation means, the elements of the above-mentioned arrangement composition, that is, prelude, interlude,
Create performance data such as a postlude, chorus, etc., and realize a performance as a song. In the present invention, the processing in the partial melody extraction means and the melody composition extraction means is the same as that in the first invention, so the processing in the arrangement composition selection means and the component creation means will be described below.

The arrangement selection means allows the arranger to select a favorite pattern from pre-stored typical arrangement arrangements (described as a sequence of prelude, interlude, postlude, and chorus).

The component creation means determines how to perform the prelude, interlude, postlude, and chorus, which are the components of the selected arrangement structure. Since the chorus part has a melody, it is only necessary to determine the accompaniment pattern to be played, but the problem is how to play the prelude, interlude, and postlude, which do not have a melody. To solve this problem, it is possible to use a method that utilizes melodies and chord progressions for melodies, which are often used in arranging techniques. For example, the prelude uses a ``'ketsu'' melody and chord progression, the interlude uses a ``keisho'' chord progression, and the postlude uses a ``'ketsu'' chord progression.Components The creation means applies these rules to determine the melody, chord progression, and accompaniment pattern for each component.

In addition, when creating the chorus part, the component creation means
It is also possible to vary the melodic structure found. For example, the 1.2nd chorus is played along the flow of the beginning, development, turn, and conclusion, but the 3rd chorus only repeats the "continuation" twice.

As described above, by using the melody data and melody structure, it is possible to create performance data for the prelude, interlude, postlude, etc. that are the constituent elements of the arrangement from the basic melody, and to realize the performance of the song.

(Example) Examples of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of an automatic arranging device according to a first aspect of the present invention.

The basic melody data 1 is obtained by converting a basic melody to be arranged into pitch and note length data, which are information necessary for processing. As a basic melody, the melody shown in FIG. 3 will be explained here as an example.

The partial melody extraction unit 2 applies division rule 3 to the basic data 1, finds notes at melody division points in the basic melody, and divides the basic melody into a plurality of partial melodies. A partial melody is a natural one-phrase melody. The division rules are predetermined as rules regarding note length, pitch, etc. If we call the final note of a partial melody the dividing point, the phenomena that occur when humans feel the end of a melody are that the dividing point has a longer note length than the others, and that the dividing point has a pitch (in key) that gives a feeling of ending. Examples include phenomena such as the previous melody being repeated immediately after the division point. By making these into rules and applying them to the basic melody data 1, the basic melody can be divided into partial melodies. Here, as a division rule, we will use the following rule: ``For every two measures, the note with the longest note length is used as the division point.'' FIG. 4 shows the division points and partial melodies obtained as a result of applying the above-mentioned rules. The circled notes are the division points, that is, the final notes in each partial melody.

When the notes at the dividing points are determined and the melodies are divided into partial melodies, the melodic structure extracting means 4 determines whether each partial melody is a Determine whether it corresponds to "Origin", "Success", "Transition", or "Conclusion". Various methods can be considered to find the similarity of melodies. For example, if the pitch of melody A at time i is a
i (if there is no sound, ai = 0), time i of melody B
If the pitch in is bi, then the time i between melody A and B is
=1.2. ..., the distance to I can be calculated as follows.

d, = la, -b, l (when a, ≠ b,: #0)
d, = k (k is a constant) (when aH=:0orb, =0) D=Σdi When the distance between all partial melodies (the smaller the distance is interpreted as the higher the similarity), the following is obtained. As such, the correspondence to the development of the musical idea of each partial melody is determined. First, the partial melodies are arranged in the order of input. The basic melody begins
Assuming that the melody begins with `` and ends with ``,'' the first part of the melody corresponds to ``o,'' and the final part of the melody corresponds to ``su. The melody is called ``Ten'', and the partial melody that is not similar to ``Ki'' or ``Ten'' is called ``Sei''. The remaining partial melodies are determined to be either "beginning, development, turn, and conclusion" depending on which of the preceding and following developments they resemble.

The accompaniment determining means 5 determines the accompaniment based on the obtained melodic structure.
For accompaniment, Rule 6 is applied to determine the accompaniment pattern to be used for each partial melody. Rule 6 for accompaniment describes accompaniment pattern numbers suitable for the development of each musical idea of "starting, turning, and ending."

FIG. 5 is an example of the determined melody structure and accompaniment pattern numbers determined based on the accompaniment rules.

Arrangement data creation means 8 selects a specified pattern from accompaniment patterns 9, creates accompaniment data according to chord progression 7 held in advance, and creates accompaniment data along with basic melody data.
Output as arrangement data 10.

Chord progression 7 is input by the arranger, or
An automatically determined basic melody can be used. The method of automatically determining the basic melody is
1-225410 can be used. This method finds the key from the frequency distribution of the intervals of the basic melody, selects chords that are highly compatible with the melody from among the chords used in that key, and then applies chord progression rules to select the chords with the highest priority. This is a method for finding high chords.

Next, the second aspect of the present invention will be explained. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention.

Similar to the first invention, the basic melody data 1 is obtained by converting a basic melody to be arranged into feature quantities of note length and pitch. Similar to the first invention, the basic melody is divided into a plurality of partial melodies by the partial melody extracting means 2, and the melodic structure expressing the meaning of the development of each partial melody is extracted by the melodic structure extracting means 4, that is, We are looking for a response to ``origin, development, development, and conclusion''.

The arrangement selection means 11 is a means for selecting an arrangement arrangement preferred by the arranger from arrangement arrangement patterns 12 that hold typical arrangement arrangements in advance. An example of a retained arrangement configuration is shown in FIG. Elements of the arrangement include the basic melody (chorus) first, second, etc. (referred to as the first chorus, second chorus, etc.), as well as a prelude, interlude, and postlude. . Here, as an example, a case will be described in which there are five constituent elements: a first chorus, a second chorus, a prelude, an interlude, and a postlude, and the arrangement structure shown in FIG. 6(b) is selected.

The component creation means 13 uses the component creation rules 14 to create melodies and chord progressions necessary for creating performance data for the first chorus, second chorus, prelude, interlude, and postlude, which are the elements of the arrangement composition. , determine the accompaniment pattern. Component creation rule 14 includes the melody, chord progression, and
The rules for determining accompaniment patterns are described. 7th
Figure (a) shows an example of component creation rules. For each component, prelude, first chorus, second chorus, and postlude, information about the development of the musical idea to obtain the melody and chord progression is described. The melody and chord progression can be determined from the melody structure obtained by the melody structure extracting means 4 by obtaining partial melody numbers corresponding to each of the ``initiation, development, turn, and conclusion''. FIG. 7(b) shows the corresponding partial melody numbers. Hereinafter, the manner in which the melody, chord progression, and accompaniment pattern of each component are determined according to the example rules shown in FIG. 7 will be explained.

First, the chorus part (first chorus, second chorus) uses the basic melody as the melody. The chord progression can be determined in the same manner as in the first invention. Here, the second chorus does not use the entire melody, but instead uses the ``introduction, development, turn, and conclusion''.In this way, the chorus does not use all the basic melody, but rather makes use of the desired melodic structure. It is possible to create a modified chorus.Furthermore, according to the rules shown in FIG. 7, the accompaniment pattern is changed between the first chorus and the second chorus, and volume control is specified for the after-play. Although not mentioned in the rules, you can also specify the tone and tempo.

Next, for the prelude and postlude, similar to the chorus section, the temporary melody (hereinafter referred to as a temporary melody to distinguish it from the chorus melody), chord progression, accompaniment pattern, etc. are determined. Unlike the chorus, these components do not have a set melody or chord progression. Therefore, the temporary melody, chord progression, and accompaniment pattern must be determined in some way. To determine these, (1) prepare typical temporary melodies, chord progressions, and accompaniment patterns in advance and use those that seem appropriate; (2) melody, chord progression, and accompaniment patterns for the chorus part; One possible method is to use accompaniment patterns. Regarding (1),
The retained melody, chord progression, and accompaniment pattern may be read out as they are and sent to the arrangement data creation means 8. Regarding (2), it can be realized by creating rules for typical techniques in arrangement. For example, the rules for creating a prelude are: (a) use the ``transition'' melody of the basic melody as a provisional melody, and play the chord progression in a different accompaniment pattern than the chorus; (b) do not play the melody, but play the chord progression. Methods such as (e) playing the same accompaniment pattern as the chorus part with the same chords for four bars without using the melody or chord progression can be used. In the rule shown in FIG. 7, the above (b) is used as the prelude creation rule.

As with the prelude, for the postlude, the provisional melody, chord progression, accompaniment pattern, etc. are determined according to the rules.

Finally, the arrangement data creation means selects an accompaniment pattern in accompaniment pattern 9 according to the melody (provisional melody), chord progression, and accompaniment pattern found for each component, creates arrangement data, and creates an arrangement configuration. Output in the following order.

(Effects of the Invention) According to the first aspect of the present invention, it is possible to realize accompaniment that is rich in variations that match the musical idea without requiring the user to specify changes in accompaniment.

Further, according to the second aspect of the present invention, by simply inputting the basic melody, it is possible to determine the arrangement structure and perform the music as a piece including a prelude, interlude, postlude, etc.

Therefore, the arrangement work, which conventionally took a lot of effort, can be significantly reduced.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the second invention of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a basic melody. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a processing result of the partial melody extraction means 2 of FIG. 3. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the processing results of the melodic structure extraction means 4 and the accompaniment determination means 5. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of the arrangement configuration pattern 12. FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the component creation rule 14 and the processing of the component creation means. In the figure, 1... Basic melody data, 2... Partial melody extraction means,
3... Division rule, 4... Melodic structure extraction means, 5.
...with accompaniment is a decision means, 6...with accompaniment is a rule, 7.
...Chord progression, 8...Arrangement data creation means, 9...
Accompaniment pattern, 10... Arrangement data, 11... Arrangement configuration selection means, 12... Arrangement configuration pattern, 13...
- Component creation means, 14... Component creation rules.

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) Analyze the input melody data, extract the partial melodies that are the constituent elements of the melody data and the relationships between these partial melodies as a melodic structure, and use the extracted melodic structure to adapt to each partial melody. An automatic arrangement method characterized by creating an accompaniment pattern and outputting it as arrangement data together with melody data. (2) Analyze the input melody data, extract the partial melodies that are the constituent elements of the melody data and the relationships between these partial melodies as a melodic structure, and use the extracted melodic structure and partial melodies to compose an arrangement. An automatic arrangement method characterized by creating performance data for the prelude, interlude, postlude, and chorus, which are the elements of the song, and outputting it as arrangement data.