JPH0135326B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPH0135326B2
JPH0135326B2 JP59234480A JP23448084A JPH0135326B2 JP H0135326 B2 JPH0135326 B2 JP H0135326B2 JP 59234480 A JP59234480 A JP 59234480A JP 23448084 A JP23448084 A JP 23448084A JP H0135326 B2 JPH0135326 B2 JP H0135326B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
electrode
display
counter electrode
ratio
counter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP59234480A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS61113031A (en
Inventor
Tomoo Kamigaki
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alps Alpine Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Alps Electric Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alps Electric Co Ltd filed Critical Alps Electric Co Ltd
Priority to JP59234480A priority Critical patent/JPS61113031A/en
Publication of JPS61113031A publication Critical patent/JPS61113031A/en
Publication of JPH0135326B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0135326B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

「技術分野」 本発明は、表示電極材料と対向電極材料の両方
に電解析出法により形成したプルシアンブルー薄
膜を使用するエレクトロクロミツク表示素子に関
し、特に表示電極と対向電極のプルシアンブルー
量の比率に関する。 「従来技術およびその問題点」 従来のエレクトロクロミツク表示素子において
は、表示電極材料と対向電極材料の両方にプルシ
アンブルー薄膜を使用した場合、二つの電極のプ
ルシアンブルー量の比率に関して明確な指針はな
かつた。このため、単位面積あたりの析出電気量
を一定にして表示セルの大きさに応じて表示電極
と対向電極の面積を変えたり、膜厚を制御して表
示電極のプルシアンブルー量と対向電極のプルシ
アンブルー量を変えたりすることが行なわれてい
た。 しかしながら、この種のエレクトロクロミツク
表示素子においては、表示電極と対向電極とのプ
ルシアンブルー量の比が駆動電圧や反応速度に大
きな影響を与える。このため、二つの電極のプル
シアンブルー量の比率が適切でないことにより、
二つの電極による駆動時の駆動電圧が理論的な駆
動電圧よりも異常に高くなつたり、応答速度が遅
くなつたりする欠点があつた。 「発明の目的」 本発明の目的は、上記従来技術の問題点を解決
し、低い駆動電圧で安定した表示品位が得られる
ようにしたエレクトロクロミツク表示素子を提供
することにある。 「発明の構成」 本発明によるエレクトロクロミツク表示素子
は、表示電極材料と対向電極材料の両方に電解析
出法により形成したプルシアンブルー薄膜を使用
したものにおいて、プルシアンブルーの析出電気
量の比を表示電極：対向電極＝１：５〜１：50と
してたことを特徴とする。 以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。なお、
以下の説明においては、エレクトロクロミツク表
示素子を「ECD」と、表示電極と対向電極との
両方にプルシアンブルー薄膜を使用したエレクト
ロクロミツク表示素子を「PB−ECD」と、プル
シアンブルーを「PB」と表現することにする。 本発明では、表示電極と対向電極とのPB量の
比の決定に際し、「対向電極電位差」という概念
を導入した。一般に電気化学においては３電極法
による測定が行なわれている。この３電極法によ
る測定をPB−ECDに応用することにより、対向
電極電位差を測定することができた。すなわち、
第１図において、１は作用（表示）電極、２は対
向電極、３は参照電極、４は３電極電解系、５は
ポテンシオスタツト、６は電位発生器を表わして
いる。参照電極３と作用電極１の間にかかる電圧
はポテンシオスタツト５にフイードバツクされ、
その電圧の変動に応じて対向電極２にかける電圧
が調整されるようになつている。すなわち、参照
電極３と作用電極１の間の電圧が低下すると対向
電極２にかける電圧が高められ、参照電極３と作
用電極１の間の電圧が高くなると対向電極２にか
ける電圧が低くされる。これによつて、例えば
PB−ECDのような電解系において、刻々変化す
る電極抵抗や電極反応抵抗・電解液抵抗等による
電圧降下を加味した電圧を対向電極２に印加して
（対向電極電位）、常に作用（表示）電極１に印加
される電圧を所定の値に調整するのである。この
際、対向電極２の電位を測定し、この値から作用
（表示）電極１の電位を差し引いてその差を求め
れば（対向電極電位差）、これが電極抵抗や電極
反応抵抗・電解液抵抗等による電圧降下となる。
ここで求めた電圧降下は、ECDセルの構成によ
つて変化する値であり可能な限り小さいことが望
ましい。逆に考えると、対向電極電位差を測定し
ながら、この値が最小になるように表示電極と対
向電極のPB量比を変化させれば、その比の最適
条件を決定することができる。 電気化学的な表示素子であるECDの駆動方法
には、第１図に示した３電極駆動法と、第２図に
示すような２電極駆動法がある。２電極駆動法に
ついて説明すると、第２図において、１は作用
（表示）電極、２は対向電極、７は２電極電解系、
８は消去用電源、９は着色用電源、１０は表示切
換えスイツチである。第２図の状態で、対向電極
２にはプラスの電圧が印加され、作用（表示）電
極１の表示は消去された状態にある。そして、切
換えスイツチ１０を切換えると、対向電極２には
マイナスの電圧が印加され、所定の表示がなされ
る。 ３電極駆動法は、前述したように表示電極の反
応やECD内の各種抵抗に対応した駆動を行なう
ので、動作は確実であるが、駆動回路が煩雑とな
り実用的でない。一方、２電極駆動法は、駆動回
路は単純であるが、フイードバツク機構がないの
でセル内の反応が駆動時に考慮されず、ECD内
の着消色反応以外の抵抗成分もまとめた形で駆動
する。そして、動作中にこの抵抗成分が変動して
も、これに追随した駆動を行なうことができな
い。したがつて、２電極駆動を行なう場合には、
余計な抵抗成分を極力減らし、表示電極にかかる
電圧の変動ができるだけ少なくなるようにするこ
とが望ましい。 そこで、本発明者は、第１図に示した３電極駆
動法によつて、対向電極電位差を測定しながら表
示電極と対向電極のPB量比を変化させ、対向電
極電位差が最小になるときの表示電極と対向電極
のPB量比を求めた。その結果、PBの析出電気量
の比を表示電極：対向電極＝１：５〜１：50とす
ることにより、対向電極電位差が極めて低い状態
になることがわかつた。したがつて、表示電極と
対向電極のPB量比を上記の範囲にしたPB−ECD
は、２電極駆動を行なつた場合にも、駆動電圧を
理論的な値に近い低い値に設定することができ、
安定した表示品位が得られる。 「発明の実施例」 実施例 １ 第３図には、対向電極電位差を測定するために
作製したPB−ECDの一例が示されている。 すなわち、表示側ガラス基板２０の内面に酸化
インジウム、酸化スズなどからなる透明電極１１
を形成し、透明電極１１は所定のパターンにエツ
チングした。そして、表示電極部１３および参照
電極部１４のパターン以外の部分にアルミニウ
ム・シリコン酸化物からなる透明絶縁被膜１２を
印刷して焼成した。 一方、対向電極側ガラス基板１９の内面には透
明電極１１を形成し、透明電極１１のさらに内面
を対向電極部１５とした。 この実施例の場合、表示電極部１３は0.25cm2、
参照電極部１４は0.5cm2、対向電極部１５は2.5cm2
の電極面積とした。 このそれぞれのガラス基板２０，１９を、塩化
第２鉄およびフエリシアン化カリウムを各々
20mM／含む水溶液中に入れ、白金電極を対極
として10μA／cm2の電流密度で400秒間電解還元を
行ない、各電極部１３，１４，１５にPB薄膜を
形成した。このとき、PB薄膜形成に伴なう析出
電気量は4mC／cm2であり、表示電極部１３のPB
薄膜は1mC、対向電極部１５のPB薄膜は10mC
であつた。したがつて、表示電極部１３と対向電
極部１５とのPB薄膜の析出電気量比（以下、析
出電気量比と略す）は１：10である。 次に、白色背景板１６としてフツ素系濾紙（商
品名「ポリフロン濾紙」東洋濾紙株式会社製）を
使用し、スペーサ１７として厚さ250μmのポリエ
ステルフイルムを使用して、ガラス基板２０，１
９を接合した。そして、内部に1MのKCl水溶液
からなる電解液１８を注入し、エポキシ樹脂で封
止してPB−ECDを作成した。 このようにして得たPB−ECDを、第１図に示
す３電極法により、表示電極部１３に着色電圧
0.2V、消色電圧−0.6Vを印加した。このときの
対向電極電位差、応答速度を測定した結果を第１
表に示す。 実施例 ２ 表示電極部１３のPB薄膜は実施例１と同じと
し、対向電極部１５のPB薄膜の製造条件を変え
てPB−ECDを作製した。すなわち、対向電極部
１５の電解還元時間を200秒、800秒、2000秒と
し、対向電極部１５のPB薄膜の電気量をそれぞ
れ5mC、20mC、50mCとした。こうして得られ
た各PB−ECDについて対向電極電位差、応答速
度を測定した。結果を第１表に示す。 比較例 表示電極部１３のPB薄膜は実施例１およ２と
同じく1mCの電気量とし、対向電極部15のPB薄
膜の製造条件を10μA／cm2の電流密度で40秒間
（PB薄膜1mC）、同じく80秒間（PB薄膜2mC）、
20μA／cm2の電流密度で2000秒間（PB薄膜
100mC）に変えてPB−ECDを作製した。こうし
て得られた各PB−ECDについて対向電極電位
差、応答速度を測定した。結果を第１表に示す。 実施例１，２および比較例の結果をまとめて第
４図に示す。すなわち、第４図においては、横軸
に析出電気量比が示され、左縦軸に対向電極電位
差が示され、右縦軸に応答速度が示されている。
第４図から明らかなように、表示電極部１３の
PBと対向電極部１５のPBとの析出電気量比が
１：５〜１：50の範囲においては、対向電極電位
差が小さくなり、応答速度も速くなることがわか
る。また、析出電気量比が１：10〜１：20の範囲
では、対向電極電位差および応答速度がさらに改
善される。 "Technical Field" The present invention relates to an electrochromic display element using a Prussian blue thin film formed by electrolytic deposition as both a display electrode material and a counter electrode material, and in particular, the present invention relates to an electrochromic display element that uses a Prussian blue thin film formed by electrolytic deposition as both a display electrode material and a counter electrode material, and in particular, the ratio of the amount of Prussian blue in the display electrode and the counter electrode. Regarding. "Prior art and its problems" In conventional electrochromic display elements, when a Prussian blue thin film is used as both the display electrode material and the counter electrode material, there is no clear guideline regarding the ratio of the amount of Prussian blue in the two electrodes. Nakatsuta. For this reason, it is possible to keep the amount of electricity deposited per unit area constant and change the area of the display electrode and counter electrode depending on the size of the display cell, or to control the film thickness to adjust the Prussian blue amount of the display electrode and the Prussian blue amount of the counter electrode. Attempts were made to change the amount of blue. However, in this type of electrochromic display element, the ratio of the amount of Prussian blue between the display electrode and the counter electrode has a large effect on the driving voltage and reaction speed. For this reason, the ratio of the amounts of Prussian blue in the two electrodes is not appropriate, and
There were disadvantages in that the drive voltage when driven by two electrodes was abnormally higher than the theoretical drive voltage, and the response speed was slow. OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an electrochromic display element that solves the problems of the prior art and provides stable display quality with a low driving voltage. "Structure of the Invention" The electrochromic display element according to the present invention uses a Prussian blue thin film formed by electrolytic deposition as both the display electrode material and the counter electrode material, and the ratio of the amount of deposited electricity of Prussian blue is The display electrode:counter electrode ratio is 1:5 to 1:50. The present invention will be explained in detail below. In addition,
In the following explanation, an electrochromic display element will be referred to as "ECD", an electrochromic display element that uses a Prussian blue thin film for both the display electrode and the counter electrode will be referred to as "PB-ECD", and Prussian blue will be referred to as "PB-ECD". ”. In the present invention, the concept of "counter electrode potential difference" is introduced when determining the ratio of PB amounts between the display electrode and the counter electrode. Generally, in electrochemistry, measurements are performed using a three-electrode method. By applying this three-electrode method to PB-ECD, it was possible to measure the potential difference between opposing electrodes. That is,
In FIG. 1, 1 is a working (display) electrode, 2 is a counter electrode, 3 is a reference electrode, 4 is a three-electrode electrolytic system, 5 is a potentiostat, and 6 is a potential generator. The voltage applied between the reference electrode 3 and the working electrode 1 is fed back to the potentiostat 5,
The voltage applied to the counter electrode 2 is adjusted according to the fluctuation of the voltage. That is, when the voltage between the reference electrode 3 and the working electrode 1 decreases, the voltage applied to the counter electrode 2 is increased, and when the voltage between the reference electrode 3 and the working electrode 1 increases, the voltage applied to the counter electrode 2 is decreased. This allows for example
In an electrolytic system such as PB-ECD, a voltage that takes into account voltage drops due to ever-changing electrode resistance, electrode reaction resistance, electrolyte resistance, etc. is applied to the counter electrode 2 (counter electrode potential), and it always works (display). The voltage applied to the electrode 1 is adjusted to a predetermined value. At this time, if the potential of the counter electrode 2 is measured and the potential of the working (display) electrode 1 is subtracted from this value to find the difference (counter electrode potential difference), this is determined by electrode resistance, electrode reaction resistance, electrolyte resistance, etc. This results in a voltage drop.
The voltage drop determined here is a value that changes depending on the configuration of the ECD cell, and is preferably as small as possible. Conversely, if the PB amount ratio between the display electrode and the counter electrode is changed while measuring the potential difference between the counter electrodes so that this value is minimized, the optimum condition for the ratio can be determined. There are two methods for driving an ECD, which is an electrochemical display element, a three-electrode driving method as shown in FIG. 1, and a two-electrode driving method as shown in FIG. To explain the two-electrode driving method, in Fig. 2, 1 is a working (display) electrode, 2 is a counter electrode, 7 is a two-electrode electrolyte system,
8 is a power supply for erasing, 9 is a power supply for coloring, and 10 is a display changeover switch. In the state shown in FIG. 2, a positive voltage is applied to the counter electrode 2, and the display on the working (display) electrode 1 is in an erased state. Then, when the changeover switch 10 is switched, a negative voltage is applied to the counter electrode 2, and a predetermined display is produced. The three-electrode driving method performs driving in accordance with the reactions of the display electrodes and various resistances within the ECD, as described above, and therefore operates reliably, but the driving circuit becomes complicated and is not practical. On the other hand, in the two-electrode driving method, the driving circuit is simple, but since there is no feedback mechanism, reactions within the cell are not taken into consideration during driving, and resistance components other than the coloring/decoloring reaction within the ECD are also driven together. . Even if this resistance component fluctuates during operation, driving cannot follow it. Therefore, when performing two-electrode drive,
It is desirable to reduce unnecessary resistance components as much as possible so that fluctuations in the voltage applied to the display electrodes are minimized. Therefore, the present inventor used the three-electrode driving method shown in FIG. 1 to change the PB amount ratio between the display electrode and the counter electrode while measuring the potential difference between the counter electrodes, and to obtain The PB amount ratio between the display electrode and the counter electrode was determined. As a result, it was found that by setting the ratio of the amount of electricity deposited in PB to display electrode:counter electrode=1:5 to 1:50, the potential difference between the counter electrodes becomes extremely low. Therefore, a PB-ECD in which the PB amount ratio of the display electrode and the counter electrode is within the above range.
Even when performing two-electrode drive, the drive voltage can be set to a low value close to the theoretical value,
Stable display quality can be obtained. "Embodiments of the Invention" Example 1 FIG. 3 shows an example of a PB-ECD prepared for measuring the potential difference between opposing electrodes. That is, a transparent electrode 11 made of indium oxide, tin oxide, etc. is formed on the inner surface of the display-side glass substrate 20.
was formed, and the transparent electrode 11 was etched into a predetermined pattern. Then, a transparent insulating film 12 made of aluminum silicon oxide was printed on a portion other than the pattern of the display electrode section 13 and the reference electrode section 14 and baked. On the other hand, a transparent electrode 11 was formed on the inner surface of the counter electrode side glass substrate 19, and the further inner surface of the transparent electrode 11 was used as a counter electrode section 15. In the case of this embodiment, the display electrode portion 13 is 0.25 cm 2 ,
The reference electrode part 14 is 0.5 cm 2 , and the counter electrode part 15 is 2.5 cm 2
The electrode area was set to . These glass substrates 20 and 19 were coated with ferric chloride and potassium ferricyanide, respectively.
A PB thin film was formed on each electrode portion 13, 14, and 15 by electrolytic reduction at a current density of 10 μA/cm 2 for 400 seconds using a platinum electrode as a counter electrode. At this time, the amount of electricity deposited due to the formation of the PB thin film was 4 mC/cm 2 , and the PB of the display electrode section 13 was
The temperature of the thin film is 1mC, and the PB thin film of the counter electrode part 15 is 10mC.
It was hot. Therefore, the ratio of the amount of electricity deposited in the PB thin film between the display electrode section 13 and the counter electrode section 15 (hereinafter abbreviated as the ratio of amount of electricity deposited) is 1:10. Next, a fluorinated filter paper (product name: "Polyflon filter paper" manufactured by Toyo Roshi Co., Ltd.) is used as the white background plate 16, a polyester film with a thickness of 250 μm is used as the spacer 17, and the glass substrates 20, 1
9 was joined. Then, an electrolytic solution 18 consisting of a 1M KCl aqueous solution was injected into the inside and sealed with an epoxy resin to create a PB-ECD. The PB-ECD obtained in this way is applied to the display electrode section 13 using a coloring voltage by the three-electrode method shown in FIG.
0.2V and a decoloring voltage of -0.6V were applied. The results of measuring the counter electrode potential difference and response speed at this time are
Shown in the table. Example 2 A PB-ECD was manufactured by using the same PB thin film in the display electrode section 13 as in Example 1 and changing the manufacturing conditions for the PB thin film in the counter electrode section 15. That is, the electrolytic reduction time of the counter electrode section 15 was set to 200 seconds, 800 seconds, and 2000 seconds, and the amount of electricity of the PB thin film of the counter electrode section 15 was set to 5 mC, 20 mC, and 50 mC, respectively. The counter electrode potential difference and response speed of each PB-ECD thus obtained were measured. The results are shown in Table 1. Comparative Example The PB thin film of the display electrode section 13 has an electric charge of 1 mC as in Examples 1 and 2, and the manufacturing conditions for the PB thin film of the counter electrode section 15 are a current density of 10 μA/cm 2 for 40 seconds (PB thin film 1 mC). , also for 80 seconds (PB thin film 2mC),
2000 seconds at a current density of 20μA/ cm2 (PB thin film
100mC) to produce PB-ECD. The counter electrode potential difference and response speed of each PB-ECD thus obtained were measured. The results are shown in Table 1. The results of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example are summarized in FIG. 4. That is, in FIG. 4, the horizontal axis shows the deposited charge ratio, the left vertical axis shows the counter electrode potential difference, and the right vertical axis shows the response speed.
As is clear from FIG. 4, the display electrode portion 13
It can be seen that when the ratio of the amount of deposited electricity between PB and the PB of the counter electrode section 15 is in the range of 1:5 to 1:50, the potential difference between the counter electrodes becomes small and the response speed becomes fast. Further, when the ratio of the amount of deposited electricity is in the range of 1:10 to 1:20, the potential difference between the opposing electrodes and the response speed are further improved.

【表】 「発明の効果」 以上説明したように、本発明によれば、従来明
確な指針がなかつたPB−ECDの表示電極のPBと
対向電極のPBとの析出電気量比について、表示
電極：対向電極＝１：５〜１：50としたことによ
り、対向電極電位差を小さくし、応答速度を速く
することができる。したがつて、２電極駆動を行
なつた場合にも、駆動電圧を理論的な値に近い低
い値に設定することができ、安定した表示品位が
得られる。このことは、PB−ECDを携帯機器に
応用した場合に、駆動回路の設計が容易になるこ
とを意味している。[Table] "Effects of the Invention" As explained above, according to the present invention, the ratio of the amount of deposited electricity between the PB of the display electrode and the PB of the counter electrode of a PB-ECD, for which there was no clear guideline in the past, can be determined from the display electrode. : By setting the ratio of the opposing electrodes to 1:5 to 1:50, the potential difference between the opposing electrodes can be reduced and the response speed can be increased. Therefore, even when two-electrode driving is performed, the driving voltage can be set to a low value close to the theoretical value, and stable display quality can be obtained. This means that when PB-ECD is applied to mobile devices, the design of the drive circuit becomes easier.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第１図は３極駆動法を適用したエレクトロクロ
ミツク素子の回路図、第２図は２極駆動法を適用
したエレクトロクロミツク素子の回路図、第３図
は対向電極電位差を測定するために作製したエレ
クトロクロミツク素子の断面図、第４図はプルシ
アンブルーの析出電気量の比を変えて作製した各
エレクトロクロミツク素子の特性を示す図表であ
る。 図中、１は作用（表示）電極、２は対向電極、
３は参照電極、４は３電極電解系、５はポテンシ
オスタツト、６は電位発生器、７は２電極電解
系、８は消去用電源、９は着色用電源、１０は表
示切換えスイツチ、１１は透明電極、１２は透明
絶縁膜、１３は表示電極部、１４は参照電極部、
１５は対向電極部、１６は白色多孔質背景板、１
７はスペーサ、１８は電解液、１９は対向電極側
ガラス基板、２０は表示側ガラス基板である。 Figure 1 is a circuit diagram of an electrochromic device using a three-pole drive method, Figure 2 is a circuit diagram of an electrochromic device using a two-pole drive method, and Figure 3 is a circuit diagram of an electrochromic device using a two-pole drive method. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the fabricated electrochromic device, and is a chart showing the characteristics of each electrochromic device fabricated by changing the ratio of the amount of deposited electricity of Prussian blue. In the figure, 1 is a working (display) electrode, 2 is a counter electrode,
3 is a reference electrode, 4 is a three-electrode electrolytic system, 5 is a potentiostat, 6 is a potential generator, 7 is a two-electrode electrolytic system, 8 is an erasing power source, 9 is a coloring power source, 10 is a display changeover switch, 11 12 is a transparent insulating film, 13 is a display electrode part, 14 is a reference electrode part,
15 is a counter electrode part, 16 is a white porous background plate, 1
7 is a spacer, 18 is an electrolytic solution, 19 is a glass substrate on the counter electrode side, and 20 is a glass substrate on the display side.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] １ 表示電極材料と対向電極材料の両方に電解析
出法により形成したプルシアンブルー薄膜を使用
するエレクトロクロミツク表示素子において、プ
ルシアンブルーの析出電気量の比を表示電極：対
向電極＝１：５〜１：50としたことを特徴とする
エレクトロクロミツク表示素子。1. In an electrochromic display element that uses a Prussian blue thin film formed by electrolytic deposition as both the display electrode material and the counter electrode material, the ratio of the amount of deposited electricity of Prussian blue is set as display electrode: counter electrode = 1:5 ~ An electrochromic display element characterized by a ratio of 1:50.
JP59234480A 1984-11-07 1984-11-07 Electrochromic display element Granted JPS61113031A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP59234480A JPS61113031A (en) 1984-11-07 1984-11-07 Electrochromic display element

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP59234480A JPS61113031A (en) 1984-11-07 1984-11-07 Electrochromic display element

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS61113031A JPS61113031A (en) 1986-05-30
JPH0135326B2 true JPH0135326B2 (en) 1989-07-25

Family

ID=16971675

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP59234480A Granted JPS61113031A (en) 1984-11-07 1984-11-07 Electrochromic display element

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS61113031A (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH087350B2 (en) * 1986-02-07 1996-01-29 松下電器産業株式会社 Transparent removable color plate
JPH087351B2 (en) * 1986-02-10 1996-01-29 松下電器産業株式会社 Transparent removable color plate

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS61113031A (en) 1986-05-30

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