JPH021266A - 疎水性運搬層を有する吸収物 - Google Patents

疎水性運搬層を有する吸収物

Info

Publication number
JPH021266A
JPH021266A JP63261295A JP26129588A JPH021266A JP H021266 A JPH021266 A JP H021266A JP 63261295 A JP63261295 A JP 63261295A JP 26129588 A JP26129588 A JP 26129588A JP H021266 A JPH021266 A JP H021266A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
absorbent
transport layer
absorbent article
pore size
topsheet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP63261295A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
JP2818796B2 (ja
Inventor
Stephen C Meyer
スティーヴン　カール　メイヤー
Roger L Lance
ロジャー　リンウッド　ランス
Connie L Hetzler
コニー　リン　ヘッツラー
Ii Cedric A Dunkerly
セドリック　アーネスト　ダンカリー　ザ　セカンド
Harold Rosler Thomas
トーマス　ハロルド　ロースラー
David L Zenker
ディヴィッド　ルイス　ゼンカー
Michael A Sciaraffa
マイケル　アントニー　シャラファ
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kimberly Clark Corp
Original Assignee
Kimberly Clark Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=22329551&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=JPH021266(A) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Kimberly Clark Corp filed Critical Kimberly Clark Corp
Publication of JPH021266A publication Critical patent/JPH021266A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2818796B2 publication Critical patent/JP2818796B2/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
    • A61F13/537—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer
    • A61F13/53743—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer characterised by the position of the layer relative to the other layers
    • A61F13/53747—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer characterised by the position of the layer relative to the other layers the layer is facing the topsheet
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
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    • A61F13/514—Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin
    • A61F13/51474—Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin characterised by its structure
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    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
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    • A61F13/15203—Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency
    • A61F2013/15284—Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency characterized by quantifiable properties
    • A61F2013/15422—Density
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/15203—Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency
    • A61F2013/15284—Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency characterized by quantifiable properties
    • A61F2013/15447—Fibre dimension, e.g. denier or tex
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/15203—Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency
    • A61F2013/15284—Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency characterized by quantifiable properties
    • A61F2013/15487—Capillary properties, e.g. wicking
    • A61F2013/15495—Capillary properties, e.g. wicking pore dimension
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
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    • A61F13/15203—Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency
    • A61F2013/15284—Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency characterized by quantifiable properties
    • A61F2013/15487—Capillary properties, e.g. wicking
    • A61F2013/15504—Capillary properties, e.g. wicking with a porosity gradient in the vertical or horizontal plane
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2013/51009—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers of the pads with special fibres characterized by the shape of the fibres
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2013/51409—Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin characterised by the material being a film
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    • A61F2013/51411—Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin characterised by the material being a film being impervious to fluids but not for air or vapours
    • A61F2013/51415—Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin characterised by the material being a film being impervious to fluids but not for air or vapours with pores
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers of the pads
    • A61F13/514—Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin
    • A61F13/51401—Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin characterised by the material
    • A61F2013/51441—Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin characterised by the material being a fibrous material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F2013/530131—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp
    • A61F2013/530226—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp with polymeric fibres
    • A61F2013/530299—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp with polymeric fibres being hydrophilic fibres
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F2013/530481—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having superabsorbent materials, i.e. highly absorbent polymer gel materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F2013/530481—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having superabsorbent materials, i.e. highly absorbent polymer gel materials
    • A61F2013/530489—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having superabsorbent materials, i.e. highly absorbent polymer gel materials being randomly mixed in with other material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F2013/530481—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having superabsorbent materials, i.e. highly absorbent polymer gel materials
    • A61F2013/530489—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having superabsorbent materials, i.e. highly absorbent polymer gel materials being randomly mixed in with other material
    • A61F2013/530496—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having superabsorbent materials, i.e. highly absorbent polymer gel materials being randomly mixed in with other material being fixed to fibres
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F2013/530481—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having superabsorbent materials, i.e. highly absorbent polymer gel materials
    • A61F2013/53051—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having superabsorbent materials, i.e. highly absorbent polymer gel materials being only in particular parts or specially arranged
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F2013/530481—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having superabsorbent materials, i.e. highly absorbent polymer gel materials
    • A61F2013/53051—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having superabsorbent materials, i.e. highly absorbent polymer gel materials being only in particular parts or specially arranged
    • A61F2013/530532—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having superabsorbent materials, i.e. highly absorbent polymer gel materials being only in particular parts or specially arranged the maximum being at certain depth in the thickness
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F2013/530481—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having superabsorbent materials, i.e. highly absorbent polymer gel materials
    • A61F2013/5307—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having superabsorbent materials, i.e. highly absorbent polymer gel materials characterized by the quantity or ratio of superabsorbent material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F2013/530481—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having superabsorbent materials, i.e. highly absorbent polymer gel materials
    • A61F2013/530708—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having superabsorbent materials, i.e. highly absorbent polymer gel materials characterized by the absorbency properties
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F2013/530868—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterized by the liquid distribution or transport means other than wicking layer
    • A61F2013/530875—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterized by the liquid distribution or transport means other than wicking layer having holes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F2013/530868—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterized by the liquid distribution or transport means other than wicking layer
    • A61F2013/530897—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterized by the liquid distribution or transport means other than wicking layer having capillary means, e.g. pore or fibre size gradient
    • A61F2013/530905—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterized by the liquid distribution or transport means other than wicking layer having capillary means, e.g. pore or fibre size gradient being hydrophilic
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F2013/530868—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterized by the liquid distribution or transport means other than wicking layer
    • A61F2013/530927—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterized by the liquid distribution or transport means other than wicking layer having longitudinal barriers
    • A61F2013/530934—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterized by the liquid distribution or transport means other than wicking layer having longitudinal barriers having a density gradient
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
    • A61F13/537—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer
    • A61F13/53708—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer the layer having a promotional function on liquid propagation in at least one direction
    • A61F2013/53721—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer the layer having a promotional function on liquid propagation in at least one direction with capillary means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
    • A61F13/537—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer
    • A61F2013/53765—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer characterized by its geometry
    • A61F2013/53782—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer characterized by its geometry with holes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
    • A61F13/537—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer
    • A61F2013/53791—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer being resilient or elastic
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
    • A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
    • A61F13/537—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer
    • A61F2013/53795—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer being a surge management layer
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/84—Accessories, not otherwise provided for, for absorbent pads
    • A61F2013/8488—Accessories, not otherwise provided for, for absorbent pads including testing apparatus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
    • A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
    • A61F13/84—Accessories, not otherwise provided for, for absorbent pads
    • A61F2013/8488—Accessories, not otherwise provided for, for absorbent pads including testing apparatus
    • A61F2013/8491—Accessories, not otherwise provided for, for absorbent pads including testing apparatus including test methods

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
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  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
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Abstract

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた
め要約のデータは記録されません。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 ［技術分野］ 本発明は、使い捨ておむつ、女性用ケアパッド。
失禁ガーメント、包ｆ等のような吸収物に関する。
特に、本発明は、その水分吸収を増加し、かつ使用者の
皮膚へ吸収された水分の逆戻りを低下させる運ｍ　層を
含む吸収物に関する。
［発明の背景］ 従来の吸収物は、疎水性ファイバーよりなる−又は二の
蕃いトップシート層を含んでいる。そのトップシート層
は、使用者の体から吸収物質を離すように配置され、そ
れにより皮膚に接触する水分を低減している。吸収パッ
ドにおける水分からの分離を大きくするため、種々のタ
イプの構造が採用されて来た。
１９８５年１２月２７日に公開されたＴ、Ｗ。
０ｓｂｏｒｎＩＩＩのヨーロッパ特許出！ｉＥＰ。
Ｌ６５８０７ＡＬは、穴開きトップシート及びそのトッ
プシート下の弾力層を含む衛生ナプキンを記載している
。吸収構造には、穴開きトップシート及び弾力層間のウ
ィッキング層、弾力層下の吸収コア、及び吸収コアの外
側と反対に配置された保湿バリアも含むことが出来る６
弾力層の記載された機能は、既にトップシートを通過し
た体の排出物から穴開きトップシートを分離し、体の排
出物の保存物として作用することにある。
種々のタイプのおむつには、吸収構造内の水分と連絡す
る親水性ウィッキング層が採用されて来た。例えば、１
９８１年４月７日にＲ，Ｇｏｏｄｂａｒにより発行され
た米国特許第４，２５９゜９５８号、１９８６年７月３
０日に公開されたり。
Ｂｏｗｍａｎ等による英国特許出願ＧＢ２１７０１０８
Ａが挙げられる。
池のおむつの構成には、吸収パッドから使用者を分離す
る盛り上がった領域を備えた浮き出し層が採用されて来
た。例えば、Ｍ、Ａｚｉｚにより１９８６年４月１３日
に発行された米国特許第４゜３２４．２４７号、１，５
ａｎｆｏｒｄにより１９７７年８月１６日に発行された
米国特許第４゜０４１．９５１号、Ｅ、Ａｎｃｚｕｒｏ
ｗｓｋｉ等により１９７６年３月２３日に発行さ九た米
国特許ｖ５３，９４５，３８６号、及びり、Ｈａｒｔｍ
ａｎｎ等により１９８３年１１月１に発行された米国特
許第４，４１３，０３２号参照。
１、Ｗａｔａｎａｂｅにより１９８４年１０月３０日に
発行された米国特許第４，４８０，０００号は、吸収コ
ア層及びその吸収コア層の側面及び下面をカバーするバ
リアを含む吸収物を記載している。広くポリエステル繊
維よりなるウェブが吸収コア層の頂上に！ｉｌ！匿され
、不織布がその構造の回りに巻き付けら九でいる。吸収
物は、高率で水分を吸収出来、その吸収後でさえも乾燥
した感覚を有し得るものとして記載されている。
Ｊ、Ｈｅｒｎａｎｄｅｚにより１９７６年１０月２６日
に発行された米国特許第３，９８７，７９２号は、１１
！番に、浸水層、スポンジ状、弾力性及び圧縮性の疎水
繊維層、吸収コア、及び非浸水層を具備している。疎水
繊維層は非圧縮時には水分に対して浸透性があるが、圧
縮時には水分に対して非浸透性となる。ここには、圧縮
された繊維は噛み合ってシール又はバリアを形成すると
記載されている。
と記の如き従来の吸収物は、完全に満足すべきものでは
なかった。その吸収物では、十分に迅速に水分を吸収コ
アに連絡し、かつ使用者の皮膚への吸収された水分の接
触及び逆戻りを防止することは出来なかった。また、Ｅ
ＰＯ１６５８０７Ａ１の如きｖＩ造では、過剰にかさば
っていた。
［発明の詳細な説明］ 本発明は、選択された水分を吸収出来る物質よりなる吸
収体及び水浸透性トップシート層を含む顕著な吸収物を
供給する。トップシート層は、効果的平均細穴サイズを
有し、吸収体の第１の主表面と対抗する関係にある。水
浸透性運搬層は吸収体及びトップシート層間に配置され
、吸収体よりも少ない親水性の材料より構成される。運
搬層には、トップシート層の平均細穴サイズよりも小さ
い効果的平均細穴サイズを有している。発明の特徴とし
て、運搬層は約０．０１５から０．５ｇ／ｃｃの範囲の
濃度、及び少な（とも約６５％の水分圧縮リカバリー値
を有している。
発明の吸収物の効果は、フレキシブルで、かさばらず、
吸収体からの水分逆戻りが少なく出来ることにある。そ
の結果、発明の吸収物により、皮膚に対して湿り気がよ
り少なく、使用者にとって非常に快適となる。
Ｅ発明の詳細な説明コ 以下の詳細な説明は、使い捨ておむつ物に関連してなさ
れるものとする。しかるに、本発明の吸収構造は、女性
用ケアパッド、衛生ナプキン、失票ガーメント、及び包
帯等の如き他の吸収物にも適していることは明らかであ
る。
第１図を参照して、吸収物４０は吸収体１６及び水浸透
性トップシート層１４を含む。尿及び他の体からの排出
物の如き選択された液体の吸収可能な実質的に親水性材
料により構成される。トップシート層は、吸収体の第１
の主表面と対向配置され、吸収体の細穴サイズよりも大
きな効果的平均細穴サイズを有する。水浸透性運搬！１
８は、吸収体１６及び水浸透性トップシート層１４間に
配置される。Ｍ穀層は、吸収体よりも少ない親水性の材
料により構成され、実質的に疎水性とされたことを特徴
とする。運搬）ＸＱは、吸収体１６の隣接部分の細穴サ
イズよりも大きいが、トップシート１４での細穴サイズ
よりも少ない効果的平均細穴サイズを有する。発明の特
徴として、運搬層は約０．０１５から０．５ｇ／ｃｃの
範囲内の密度及び少なくとも約６５％のウェット圧縮リ
カバリー値を有する。
第３図を参照して、使い捨ておむっ１ｏの如き吸収物は
、バックシート層１２及びバックシート層と対向配置さ
れた実質的に水浸透性トップシートＭ１４を含む。選択
された水分の吸収可能な実質的にｍ水性の材料よりなる
吸収体１６はバックシート層１２及びトップシート層１
４　ＩＶＪに配置され、実質的にｍ水性の材料よりなる
水浸透性の運搬層１８がトップシート１４及び吸収体１
６間に配置されている。運搬層は実質的に均一の密度及
び水分の存在する場合少なくとも６５％ノウエツト圧縮
リカバリー値を有する。例示された実施例では、バンク
シート１２及びトップシート１４は根本的に隣接し、吸
収体１６のエツジまで延びて。
マージナルエツジ２０及び２２を形成する。おむつ部材
は、各々中間部３４によって連結されたウェストバンド
部３２を有し、実施例では、その中間部はウェストバン
ド部よりも狭い。これにより、おむつ１０は、横斜め方
向に沿って反対に延びているイア−セクション３６を区
切るウェストバンド部３２と共に、一般的に砂時計又は
１型のプランフオームを有している。おむつの一つのウ
ェストバンド部における２つのイア−セクションには。
おむつを使用音に結び付ける固定手段が含まれる。
実施例では、固定手段はおむつのバックウェストバンド
部に動作可能に接続され、接着テープタブ２８よりなる
。しかるに、フック、スナップ、密着ストリップ等の他
の固定手段も採用可能であることは明らかである。実施
例には更に、各おむつサイドマージン２０に取り付けら
れ、おむつ１０のレッグバンド部と集まってシャーリン
グが付けられるよう構成されて、使用者の足の回りにシ
ール又はガスケットを形成する弾力性部材２４が含まれ
る。また、おむつ１０は、おむつのウェストバンド部に
集まって、シャーリングを付ける一つ又はそれ以上のエ
ンドマージン２２に固定されたウェスト弾力性部材２６
を含むことが出来る。例えば、発明の他の実施例として
は、四角の吸収バンド１６、及びバックシート層１２の
サイドマージンを介して形成される穿孔を一般的に含む
ことが出来る。穿孔は、例えば、約０．０２０インチま
での直径を有し５バツクシート領域に約１００から３０
０個／１ｎｃｈ２の穿孔が配置される。穿孔領域は、レ
ッグ弾力性部材及びバックシートのターミナルサイドエ
ツジ間に配置されたバックシートのサイドマージン部分
に限定される方がよいが、望ましくは、バンクシートの
大きな部分又は全領域さえもカバーしてもよい。
おむつ１０の種々の部材が従来技術を泪いて組み合わさ
れる。例えば、熱又はソニック接着剤、又はスナップ又
はクリップの如き４１ｉ械的フアスナーを採用して部材
が互いに接着される。或は、部材を、高温溶融感圧接着
剤の如き接着剤で接着することも出来る。接着剤は、ド
ロップレット又は接着剤のフィラメントをスプレィする
ような従来技術で接着することも出来る。発明の実施例
では、おむつの長さ方向に沿って複数の並列ラインとし
て配列された高温溶融感圧接着剤により１部材が組み立
てら九る。
発明の特別な実施例において、バックシート１２は、ポ
リマーフィルムの如き水分非浸透性材料により形成され
る０例えば、バックシート１２は、ポリエチレン又はポ
リプロピレンの如きポリオレアインフィルムにより形成
される。発明の他の実施例では、バックシート１２は、
通気可ｆｌＲ孔性ポリエチレンフィルムの如き、水分非
浸透性であるが、蒸気浸透性材料により形成される。発
明の更に他の実施例では、バックシートは、所望の水分
非浸透性を得るに適した蒸気浸透性、不１ｉ！！維材料
により形成することも出来る。例えば、バックシートは
、特定の領域において水分非浸透性を与えるポリマーフ
ィルムで完全に又は部分的にコーティングされた不織布
スパンボンド層より構成してもよい。
トップシート１４は、合成ポリマーフィラメントよりな
るスパンボンドウェブの如き、実質的に現水性繊維状材
料より形成される。或は、トップシートは、合成ポリマ
ーフィラメントよりなるメルトブラウンウェブ又はボン
ド・カード・ウェブより構成してもよい。適切な合成ホ
リマーには、例えば、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン及
びポリエステルが含まれる。発明の特別な分野では、ポ
リマーフィラメントは、約１．５から３の範囲内のデニ
ールを有する。フィラメントは配置されて、基本ｆｆＬ
ｉが約０．６からり、０ｏｚ７ｙｄ２の範囲内にあり、
好ましくは基本重量が約０．０８ｏ３ｙである層を形成
する。また、トップシート層は約ｏ、ｏｏｓから０．０
１フインチの範囲内のバルク厚さ、効率改善のため、好
ましくは０．０１０から０．０１２インチの＊０内のバ
ルク厚さを有している。バルク厚さは、拘束圧力０．０
１４ｐｓｉ下で計測される。トップシートは、尿及び他
の体からの排出物等の水分が通るような細穴サイズを有
している。発明の特定の分野は、等価円直径（ＥＣＤ）
で、約４０から１１０マイクロメータの範囲内で、効率
改善のために好ましくは、約７０から１１０マイクロメ
ータの範囲内の効果的平均細穴サイズを有するトップシ
ートを含んでいる。
選択的に、親水性及び潤滑性の度合を調整する界面活性
剤で処理することが出来、延びるスリット又は穴が選択
的に浮き出され又は穿孔されることも出来る。アパーチ
ャーが設けられた時、そのアパーチャーは実質的にトッ
プシートの効果的平均細穴サイズを規定する。発明の特
定の面では、アパーチャーは、約１６０から３５０マイ
クロメ−タの範囲内の平均等価直径、性能改善のため好
ましくは、約２５０マイクロメータの平均直径を有する
。このように構成されれば、トップシートは、トップシ
ート層１８の細穴サイズよりも大きな細穴サイズを再び
有するようになるであろう。
吸収体１６は、ウッドパルプフラッフとして称さ九るニ
アレイド・セルロイド繊維よりなるパッドより構成され
る。従来のパッドは、約０．０５から０．２０ｇ／ｃｃ
の範囲の密度を有し、使用者の体に一致する程十分にフ
レキシブルである。
吸収体１６は、セルロイド繊維及び合成ポリマーｗ＆錐
の混合物よりなる変形材料も具備している。
例えば、変形材料は、ポリエチレン及びポリプロピレン
繊維の如き、セルロイド繊維及びメルトブラウンポリオ
レフィンｙｔ雄のニアレイドブレンドより構成してもよ
い。発明の一例では、吸収体１６を構成する繊維材料は
、１００ｍ当たり約１０から２　Ｑ　ｍ　ｇの荒さ、好
ましくは１００ｍ当たり約１０から１８ｍｇの範囲内の
荒さを有する。フィラメントは、約４００から１２００
ｇ／ｍ２の範囲の基本重量、好ましくは約８００　ｇ　
／　ｍ　２の基本重量を有する層を形成するように配置
される。また、吸収体材料は、拘束圧力０．０６８ｐｓ
ｉで計沼して、約０．１７から０．２１インチの範囲内
のバルク厚さを有している。
吸収体１６は、吸収体の吸収容量を増加させる無機又は
有機高吸収材料の効果的分量も含んでいる。例えば、吸
収体１６は５から９５ｗｔ％の高吸収材料、機能効率化
のため好ましくは１０から３０ｗｔ％の高吸収材料を含
んでいる。適切な無ａ高吸収材料は、例えば、吸収クレ
イ及びシリカゲルを含む。有機高吸収材料は、合成ヒド
ロゲルポリマーの如き合成材料と同様、アガー・ペクチ
ン、グアム・ガム及びビート・モスの如き自然の材料を
含んでいる。このヒドロゲルポリマーは、例えば、カー
ボキシエチルセルロース、ポリアクリル酸のアルカリメ
タルソルト、ポリアクリルアミド、ポリビニールアルコ
ール、エチレンマレイク無水コポリマー　ポリビニール
エーテル、ハイドロキシプロピルセルロース、ポリビニ
ールモリポリノン、ビニールスルホン酸のポリマー及び
コポリマー、ボイアクリルアミド、及びポリビニルピリ
ジン等を含む。他の適切なポリマーは、ハイドロライズ
ド・アクリロニトリル・グラフト・スターチ、アクリル
酸グラフト・スターチ、イソブチレン・マレイク・アン
ヒドリドコポリマー及びその混合物を含む。ヒドロゲル
ポリマーは、僅かに連結され、材料を実質的に非水溶解
性とする。
連結は、例えば、照射、又は共有、イオン、パンデルワ
ールス、又はヒドロアン結合による。適切な材料は、Ｄ
ｏｗ　　Ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌ　　Ｃｏｍｐａｎｙ＋ｃｅｌ
ａｎｅｓｅ　　Ｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｉｏ　ｎ　、Ａ　］　
Ｊ　ｉ　ｅ　ｄ　−Ｃｏ　１１　ｏ　ｉ　ｄ、及び５ｔ
ｏｃｋｈａｕｓｅｎの如き種々の商業ベンダーからイ；
）られる。高吸収材料は、少なくともその重量の１５倍
の水を吸収出来、好ましくは少なくともその重量の２５
から５０倍の水を吸収出来る。
高吸収材料は１種々の技術を採用する吸収体１６に分配
、又は取り込まれる。例えば、高吸収材料は、吸収体を
構成するファイバーの塊の中に実質的に均一に分布して
いる。材料は、例えば、吸収体１６のサイドからその外
部サイドまで移動する集中度を観察することにより決ま
る、高吸収材料の増加又は減少する連続傾斜を形成する
よう、ファイバーの中へ非均−的に分布させることも出
来る。或は、高吸収材料は、吸収体１６の繊維材料から
選択的に分離される一つ又はそれ以上の層又はストリッ
プで構成出来る。
吸収体１６は、発泡繊維構造の度合を保つのを助けるた
めに、実質的に親水性のティシュラップ３０を選択的に
含むことが出来る。ティシュラップシートは、クレープ
ワディング又は高耐水性ティシュの如き吸収セルロイド
材料よりなる。発明の一例では、ティシュラップは、ａ
ｍ層１８により確立される細穴サイズ傾斜の実質的な連
続性を具備する。詳細には、ラップシート３０は、運搬
層の効果的平均細穴サイズよりも小さい効果的平均細穴
サイズを有するよう構成される。発明の好適な例では、
ラップシート材料は１等価円直径（ＥＣＤ）で、約１０
から４０マイクロメータの範面内で、性能改善のため好
ましくは約１５から４０マイクロメータの範囲内の効果
的平均細穴サイズを有する。
発明の更に他の例では、ランプシート３０は、吸収体を
構成刷る吸収ファイバーの境内に迅速に水分を分配する
のを助けるウィッキング層を具備するよう構成される。
即ち、吸収繊維マスの一方の側のラップシート材料は、
１１１！維マスの反対側に配置されたランプシートに接
着される。接着剤は、別々の領域に配置され、繊維マス
の厚さ方向に延ばされる。このような構成により、水分
が繊維マス内に浸透するのを助け、水分の更に迅速な吸
収を促す複数のファンネル又はキルトがランプシートに
形成される。効果的名実施例は更に、繊維マスの厚さを
介して少なくとも部分的に複数の穴又はアパーチャーが
含まれ、ランプシート材料の反対側に配置された層の接
着によりこれらの穴又はアパーチャーを通すように構成
される。
アパーチャーにより、介在する繊維材料の料が限定され
、ラップシート層間の更なる直接の接着が促される。接
合は、接着ボンド、ソニックボンド、熱ボンド等よりな
る。
発明のその他の実施例では、吸収物は、吸収体及びトッ
プシート１４間に配置された主運搬層と同様に、吸収体
１６及びバックシート１２間に配置された追加運Ｗａ層
を含む。２つの運搬層は１選択された点で吸収体の厚さ
を介して互いに動作可能に連結して、キルト配置を形成
することが出来る。吸収体は、少なくとも部分的に形成
された複数のアパーチャーを含むため、アパーチャーと
実質的に関連した位置で２つの運搬層が更に直接に結合
され、ファンネル状キルトが形成される。運搬層を結合
するのに採用された適切なメカニズムは、ラップシート
内でキルトパターンを形成するのに採用された接合と関
連して前に記載されたものと同様である。
第３図及び第４図に各々示す発明の実施例を参照して、
運［ｅ’１８は、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン、ポリ
エステル等の実質的に疎水性の材料により構成され、こ
のような材料のブレンド構成された不織ｖ＆雄ウェブで
ある。運搬層は、トップシート１４及び吸収体１６間に
挿入され、トップシート及び吸収体と実質的に緊密な接
合が得られるよう構成される。この緊密な接合は、トッ
プシートからＮＭ層への及び運搬層から吸収体への効果
的な水分の連絡に使用出来る。
運搬ｆｆ１８は、発明の実施例では、実質的に均一な密
度を有し、その構造を通して実質的に均一な運搬層の構
成を伴った、基本的に無Ｍ構造を有する。実施例では、
運搬層１８は、約０．０１５から０．５ｇ／ｃｃの範囲
内の密度、好ましくは約０．０４から０．４ｇ／ｃｃの
範囲内の密度、効果改善のため更に好ましくは約０．０
８から０゜１２　ｇ　／　ｃ　ｃの範囲内の密度を有す
る。運ＩＩ層は、約１．５から１５の範囲内のデニール
、効果改善のため好ましくは約１．５から６の範囲内の
デニールを有する。
発明の特定の例では、運搬Ｗｊ１８は、層の厚さを介し
て実質的に連続又は不連続パターンで細穴サイズが増加
するに伴い、［［Ｊの厚さ方向を介して細穴サイズ傾斜
を伴って形成される。例えば、ｉ＊ｒｆｉは、各ゾーン
が特定の細穴サイズを有し。
ゾーンが動作可能に統合されて実質的に単体構造を形成
する一連の階層化されたゾーンよりなる。
機能改善のため、非圧縮時、運１１［１８は、トップシ
ート１４よりも少ないが、少なくとも吸収体１６の中間
隣接セクションよりは大きい効果的平均細穴サイズを具
備することが出来る。この構成により、水分がトップシ
ートのボディサイドからトップシート、及びトップシー
ト層１８を通って吸収体１６へ移動するにつれて、細穴
サイズが減少する傾斜が実現される６実施例では、傾斜
は。
一般的にステップ状配置で起こる。細穴サイズ傾斜によ
り、トップシートから離れ、吸収体１６へ向かう好まし
いフロ一方向が実現され、この好ましいフロ一方向は、
水分が使用者の皮膚に逆戻りするのを低減及び制限する
よう動作することが出来る。
発明の特定の例では、運搬Ｐ１１８は、使用粁による通
常の使用の間合成細穴サイズ傾斜が実質的に保持される
よう構成される。この実施例において＋　ａｈａは、通
常の使用の間弾力的に圧縮され得るよう構成される。こ
の圧縮により、その効果的平均端穴サイズはトップシー
トの細穴サイズよりも小さくされるが、吸収体の中間隣
接部分内の細穴サイズよりも大きくされる。運１１１７
Ｊが圧縮から解放される時、運１２層は再度延びてより
大きな効果的平均細穴サイズ及び増加したサージ容量を
与える。発明の特定の好適な実施例では、上記細穴サイ
ズ傾斜及び運搬層の再延長容量は、運搬層が濡れていて
も、通常の使用の間実質的に保持される。発明の目的と
しては、吸収物の通常の使用は、約０．２から０．５ｐ
ｓｉ　（約１．３８から３．４５ｋＰａ）の圧力を適用
することにより示すことが出来る。
発明品の動作を調整するために、運搬層１８は、選択さ
れた量の界面活性剤で処理してその初期潤滑性を増加さ
せてもよい。しかるに、界面活性剤で処理した時１Ｍ搬
層材料は以前吸収体よりも親水性が少ない。吸収物への
初期の水分排出の間、効果酌量の界面活性剤の存在によ
り吸収物への水分排出率が増加することが解って来た。
しかるに、初期排出後、尿のような体からの排出物は、
運搬層内の界面活性剤の有無に拘らずａｍ層を通って移
動し続ける。従って、望ましくは、界面活性剤材料は水
により散乱され、運１１ＣＩ’Ｊの「洗浄」が促され得
る。
発明の一例において、Ｎ躍層１８は、トップシート１４
及び吸収体１６間に距離を置いて分離する。一般に、分
ｗ１量は運搬層の厚さに対応し、吸収体１６からトップ
シート１４を分離するのを助ける。この分離はトップシ
ート１４のボディサイド表面にＦ′燥感を与え、使用者
の皮膚及び吸収体１６含まれるあらゆる水分間の接触低
減を助長する。
望ましい効果を得るため、測定圧力が拘束圧力０．０１
４ｐｓｉ　（０，０９６ｋＰａ）下である時、運＊層１
８が、約０．００５から０．２インチ（０，０１３から
０．５１ｃｍ）の範囲内で非圧縮乾燥キャビラー又はバ
ルク厚さ５０を有する。
好ましくは、運搬層の乾燥厚さが約０．０１から０．０
３インチ（０，０２５から０．０７６ｃｍ）の範囲内で
あり、効果改善のため更に好ましくは、′／ＩＯ，ＯＬ
２から０．（１１フインチ（０，０３から０．０４３ｃ
ｍ）の範囲内である。Ｎ穀層が余りに厚ければ、運搬層
内には水分の過剰バルク及び過剰保留がある。運搬層１
４が余りに薄ければ、トップシート１４及び吸収体１６
間に十分な量の分離及び間隔が施されている。
！ｌ！ｌ　８の望ましい効果を維持するためには、例え
使用者から排出された尿又は他の液体により濡れていて
も、運搬層は、その上記間隔機能を保持することが出来
なければならない。従って、運ｍｆｆ１１８のウェット
圧縮リカバリー値は少なくとも６５％である。好ましく
は、ウェット圧縮リカバリー値は少なくとも８０％であ
り、性能改善のため更に好ましくは、ウェット圧縮リカ
バリー値は少なくとも８５％である。
圧縮リカバリー値は、材料の弾性を示し、拘束圧力０．
０６８ｐｓｉ　（０，４７ｋＰａ）下の運搬層材料の元
の厚さ（ｔ８）によって決まる。運搬層は、その後圧力
０．５ｐｓｉ　（３，４５ｋＰａ）を受ける。この圧力
はその後除去され１元の圧力０．０６８ｐｓｉ　（０，
４７ｋＰａ）下で材料のりカバリ−厚さ（ｔＲ）が計測
される。圧縮リカバリー値は、以下の式に従って決まる
。
圧縮リカバリー＠　（ＣＲＶ） ＝　（ｔｑ−ｔｌＩ）　ｘ　１００％ 乾燥した運搬層を用いて上記決定が行われる時、乾燥圧
縮リカバリー値を得る。上記決定が蒸留水で実質的に飽
和したＮ穀層を用いて行われる時、ウェット圧縮リカバ
リー値を得る。発明の特定の例では、運搬層は、少なく
とも６５％の乾燥ＣＲＢ及び少なくとも６５％のウェッ
トＣＲＢを有する。発明の好適な実施例は、両方共少な
くとも９５％の乾１ｃＲＢ及びウェットＣＲＢを有する
。
鱈に述べたように、ｉ搬Ｎ１８は、熱ボンド、ソニック
ボンド、接看ボンド等の如き従来技術を採用した組み立
て吸収物構造に取り付け、又は固定される。吸収物の効
果を更に改善するために、アゼンブリーボンドは実質的
に運搬層１８の外側表面に限定され、運搬層内に延長さ
れない。好ましくは、吸収構造は、実質的に運搬層１８
の厚さを完全に通してボンドが延びないように構成され
る。完全に運ｍｉの厚さを通して延びるボンドにより、
不本意ながら、低い抵抗及び水分フローのウィッキング
パスが設けられ、運搬層の効果的な逆戻り抵抗が過剰に
低減される。
ひとたび水分フローが運１１１８に侵入すると、トップ
シート１４を通して水分が迅速に導通し、使用者の皮膚
に対する水分のプールが最小となることが望ましい。通
常、吸収体１６はそれ自体十分な号−ジ容量を備えてい
ない。吸収体１６内の比較的小さい細穴サイズ及び毛細
管は、強力に水分を寄せ付は保持するが、十分に迅速な
レートで水分を収集しない。その結果、水分をトップシ
ートを通して集め、吸収体に引き込むために過剰な時間
が必要となる。この時間の間、使用者の皮膚を過剰に水
酸化する。
この問題を解決して所望のサージ容量を具備するだめに
、発明の更なる例は、運搬層がＦｉ燥しており非圧縮時
に等価円直径（ＥＣＤ）で約１０から１００マイクロメ
ータの範囲内の効果的平均細穴サイズを有する運搬層を
設けている。効果改善のために好ましくは、乾燥し非圧
縮された運搬層の平均細穴サイズは、約４０から９０マ
イクロメータの範囲となる。
サージ容量を保持し、運搬層１８の面を横切る水分のよ
り良い広がり及び分散を得るために、運１１Ｉ層が濡れ
ている時でさえも、理Ｗ！層内の細穴サイズは実質的に
保持されなければならない。従って、発明の特定の例は
、ａ＊ｉ材料が水分で濡れている時、運搬層の効果的平
均細穴サイズは過剰に低下しないＮ躍層を含む。このよ
うに構成されることにより、運搬層により繰り返し排出
水分からの絶縁が行われ、もつと迅速に大きく突然の水
分サージを集め、含めることが出来る。水分は。
使用者の皮膚と反対のトップシート１４のサイドに配置
された領域に効果的に保持出来る。また、ａｌｌにより
、その横及び幅方向に水分のサイドウェイを迅速に広げ
て吸収体１６のより大きな表面エリアを水分にさらすこ
とが出来、よって吸収体への吸収率を増加せしめる。
適切なａ＊ｑ材料の例は、Ｒｏｇｅｒｓｖｉｌｌｅ、Ｔ
ｅｎｎｅｓｓｅｅのＨ，Ｄ、に、により分布されたパウ
ダー・ボンド・カードウェブである。ウェブは、ＫＯＮ
ＤＥＬ４３５．５．５デニエル、及び約１６．６ｗｔ％
のウェブよりなるＥＡＳＴＭＡＮ２５２接着剤を伴った
ポリエステルファイバーより形成される。ウェブは、約
０．１ｇ　／　ｃ　ｃのバルク密度、約０．０１４のバ
ルク厚さ、及び３０　ｇ　／　ｙ　ｄ　２の基本重量を
有している。
適当な運搬層の他の例は、ポリプロピレン、及びトリロ
ボールファイバーよりなるトパンボンドウェブである。
ウェブは、約０．１ｇ／ｃｃのバルク密度、約０．１フ
インチのバルク厚さ、及び約３５ｇ／ｙｄ２の基本重量
を有している。ウェブは、Ｔｒｉｔｏｎ　　Ｘ−１０２
の如き、約０から０．５ｗｔ％の選択された界面活性剤
を含んでいる。更に、適切な運搬層材料の例は、断面が
丸く、中空構造のポリプロピレンファイバーよりなるス
パンボンドウェブを含む。このウェブは、約０゜５から
２．０ｏｚ／ｙｄ２の範囲内の基本重量及び約０．０１
０から０．０５０インチの範囲内のバルク厚さを持つこ
とが出来る。ウェブは、そのエリアの３から３０％が熱
ボンドにより接着されている。
発明の他の例では、運搬層１８は、非圧縮時、吸収体１
６及びトップシート１４よりも大きな効果的平均細穴サ
イズを有している。これにより。
サージ容量が増加する。
しかるに、運搬層１８の比較的大きな細穴サイズには、
過剰の量の水分が保持されてしまう。大きな細穴では吸
収体１６に水分を効果的に通過させられず、水分絶縁の
終了後でも、ｉ［Ｗ２Ｂに収量の水分が溜る。可能な限
り、吸収体１６の毛細管作用により、運搬層の細穴から
水分が除去される。しかるに、運１１’には収量の水分
が残る。
トップシート１４を通して使用者の誹れた皮膚に水分が
導かれるため、Ｊ＠Ｊ’Ｊ　ｌ　Ｓ内に保持された水分
は望ましくない。運搬層の比較的大きな細穴サイズによ
りトップシートから水分をはける毛細管作用は十分に働
かないので、トップシート１４にまた水分が溜ることと
なる。トップシートに保持された水分は、トップシート
のボディ号イドにおける濡れた感触を更に引き起こす。
トップシートＮ１８に保持された水分を除去して吸収体
１６に流してやるために１発明の特別な例は、通常の使
用時、運搬層が圧縮される運搬層を含む。通常使用とは
、約０．２から０．５ｐｓｉ　　（１，３８から３．４
５ｋＰａ）の圧力が運搬層の限定された領域にかかるこ
とである。このような圧縮された領域は、幼児がおむつ
の限定された領域に座るか、幼児が移動する時に起こる
。
発明の特定の例では、運搬Ｎ１８が通常時圧縮してトッ
プシート１４よりも小さい平均細穴サイズが形成する。
また、好ましくは、運Ｗｉ層は、通常時圧縮して、例え
ａ′ＩＩｉ層が浸透水で濡れていても所望の細穴サイズ
を形成する材料より構成される。
運搬Ｎ　１８の選択された圧縮により、運搬層の細穴の
効果的直径が反対に低下する。低下した細穴サイズによ
り、運搬層内の効果的毛細管直径が低減され、ａｒＦｌ
の水分を拡散する能力を高める。
結果、トップシートから運ｆｌＮを通って吸収体１６に
向かう水分を観察することにより、運搬Ｗ！１８のリバ
ース圧縮性は効果的細穴サイズ傾斜を作ることが出来る
。約０．２から０．５ｐｓｉの通常圧力を受ける時、ト
ップシートの効果的平均細穴サイズよりも小さいが吸収
体の効果的平均細穴サイズよりも大きな効果的平均細穴
サイズが形成されるように運搬層は圧縮する。
吸収体１６は、圧縮された運搬層１８よりも小さな細穴
サイズを持つよう構成されているので、吸収体は運搬層
よりも高い毛細管作用を引き起こす。結果、毛細管ウィ
ッキング力により、水分が運搬Ｎ１８から吸収体１６へ
移動する。この作用は、吸収体が飽和するまで続く。吸
収体及び運搬層は互いに近く接触しているので、水分は
それらの間を移動する。吸収体内の毛細管現象は運搬層
１８内の毛細管現象と共同して、運搬層から吸収体へ水
分が移動する。−度運穀層からの水分の移動が起こると
、運搬層材料のウェット弾力性に応じて運搬層が再度延
びて、その非圧縮細穴サイズが大きくなる。運搬層の弾
性膨張は、運搬層のサージ容量と吸収体１６及びトップ
シート１４間の分離を確立し、吸収体からトップシート
への逆戻りに抵抗する。
効果的な実施例は、ポリエステルファイバーよりなるパ
ウダー・ボンド・カードウェブより形成される運搬層を
含む。この材料は、約５．５のデニール及び約０．０２
ｇ／ｃｃのバルクウェブ密度を有するポリエステル中空
ファイバーよす形成さ九る。ウェブは、約０−０６５イ
ンチ（０，１６５ｃｍ）の厚さを有し、８１％のウェッ
ト圧縮リカバリー値及び８８％のドライ圧縮リカバリー
値を有する。ウェブの厚さは、拘束圧力０．０１４ｐｓ
ｉで決まる。
材料の薄い層の効果的平均細穴サイズは、スキャニング
・エレクトロン・マイクロスコープにより計測される。
トップシート、運搬層及びティシュ・ラップシートより
なる３Ｉ７！は、０．０２０インチ（０，０５１ｃｍ）
以上ではない厚さを有している。この薄層の結果、材料
の表面で観察される細穴サイズが材料のバルクの細穴サ
イズを示す６表面測定は、当業者に公知のスキャニング
・エレクトロン・マイクロスコープにより行われる。
即ち、適切な技術は、テストサンプルを分離し、各ピー
スの主表面を検査する。主表面は、ｘ−７面に水平に広
がっている。従来技術を用いて、各ピースの主表面を金
のような重い金属で蒸着して、エレクトロン・マイクロ
スコープの分析に備える。
各ピースの２フイールドの写真が取られ、合計１２枚の
写真を用意する。写真の選択はオリエンテーション計測
にはさほど重要ではないが、「１％ルール」が適用され
る。
写真は、画像分析システムのマクロビューワ上に並べら
れる。システムは１合計２４フィールドに互って各写真
の２フイールドを十分に検査する。
白いファイバーマトリックス中から黒い細穴を抽出する
ため、検出（閾値）が設定され、装置は、従来技術で等
側内直径（ＥＣＤ）に基づいたヒストグラムを作成する
。ＥＣＤは、（第５図の）３本以上のファイバーで囲ま
れた「箱穴」と実質的に同等の円の直径として規定され
る。少なくとも数百、あるいは数千の細穴が計測及び分
析される。
分析の間生成されたデータ値は手段を含むことが出来、
標慴偏差１選択されたパーセンテージはヒストグラムの
ローエンド及びハイエンドに入力される。
比較的厚い吸収パッドの平均細穴サイズは、二次元では
正確に示されない。しかるに、吸収パッド密度及び吸収
ファイバーの荒さを検査することにより、吸収パッドの
平均細穴サイズから吸収物の他の層の平均細穴サイズよ
りも小さいことが解る。その結果、吸収物の構造を通し
て吸収パッドは更にその細穴サイズ傾斜を連続する。
細穴の傾斜構造の機能の存在は、第６図に示す毛側管張
力セル装置により、以下の毛箱管吸引力テスト手順によ
り決ってくる。この装置は、ブレット７８に接続される
ゴムホース７７ヘガラス管７６により接続されるガラス
ファンネル７４の全体部分であるガラスファインフリッ
ト・フィルタープレート７２よりなる。ファンネル１４
は、プルネット７８に沿って従来のベンチスタンドに取
り付けられ、そのブレットは図面に示す如くファンネル
７４に沿って配列され、手動調整を可能とするクランプ
７９によって保持される。全ての接続がなされた時、装
置は水で満たされて、フルイドのエアフリーコラムは、
チューブ７７を通してブレット７８のフルイド７５の所
望のレベルまで延びる。フルイドレベル７５は、値りと
して示される所定の静水ヘッドとして設定される。水分
がサンプルに吸収されるにつれて、クランプ７３内をブ
レット７８を上方に手動で動かすことにより、或サンプ
ルがテストされる間、この所定のヘッドは実質的に一定
に保たれる。３インチ直径のディスクの形のテストサン
プルハ、フィルタープレート７２の頂上に配置され、０
．０９ｐｓｉの軽い圧力を供給する穿孔ナイロンディス
クでカバーされる。３２　ｄ　ｙ　ｎ　ｅ　ｓ　／　ｃ
　ｍ又はそれ以下の表面張力を有するフルイドは、装置
に用いられる。このフルイドの例は、その３２　ｄ　ｙ
　ｎ　ｅ　ｓ　／　ｃ　ｍの表面張力低下させるべく添
加されるＮｅｏｄａＬ界面活性剤を有するＡｐｐｌｅｔ
ｏｎ、ＷｉｓｅｏｎｓｉｎのＳａｎｔｅｋＣｈｅｍｉｃ
ａｌｓからのシミュートされた尿である。テストされる
サンプルがフィルタープレート７２を通して流し、フル
イドレベル７５が低下するにつれて、静水ヘッドは、ブ
レットを手動で調整して所定の圧力設定とすることによ
り実質的に一定に保たれる。
平衡が達成される時、即ち、フルイドコラム高さの変化
が停止する時、サンプル内のフルイドの量及び重さが記
録される。
発明の吸収物は、トップシート１４からの水分の迅速な
転送（サージ容量）、及び吸収体１６からトップシート
１４への吸収された水分の低減されたフローバックの組
み合わせを具備する。発明の特定の例は、平均、サージ
容量値が８０ｍ１の合成尿毎に約２０秒より多くなく、
好ましくはサージ容量値が８０ｍ１の合成尿毎に約１５
秒より多くない吸収物を是供する。吸収物のフルイド浸
透率及びサージ容量値を決定するに適切な技術が次のフ
ルイド浸透率テスト手順である。この手順では、全ての
おむつの如き、全ての吸収物を取り上げ、吸収物をその
対向上方のトップシートサイドにフラットに横たえる弾
性部材を除去する。吸収物は、２インチの直径を有する
四角のアクリルボード、及びシリンダをボードから直角
に延ばして穴を覆うボードに取り付けられるアクリルシ
リンダよりなるテスト固定具でカバーさ九でいる。
固定具はテスト物上に配置され、シリンダはテスト物の
フロントウェストバンドエツジから５インチのところに
配置された物のセクション上の中央にある。シリンダ及
び（例えば、Ａ　ｐ　ｐ　ｌ　ｅ　ｔ　。
ｎ、Ｗｏｓｃｏｎｓｉｎの５ａｎｔｅｋ　　Ｃｈｅｍｊ
ｃａｌｓからの）シミュレートされた８０ｍ１の尿の内
に挿入されたファンネルは、ファンネルを通ってシリン
ダに注がれる。シリンダにおいて、フルイドのその結果
のコラムが完全に吸収構造を取り入れる時間は、ストッ
プウォッチにより計測される。平均フルイド浸透率値は
、少なくとも３つのサンプルの平均に基づいて決定され
る。
以下の例におけるデータが上記フルイド浸透率テストで
発生される間、フルイドのコラム内の静水圧力ヘッドが
浸透率値に影雷することが認識される。従って、テスト
フルイドがシリンダのテスト固定具に導かれる率を制限
し、静水ヘッドの形状を最小とするようテスト手順が修
正される。
発明の更なる面では、吸収物は、平均フローバック値が
約０．５ｇより多くなく、性能改善のために好ましくは
フローバック値が約０．４ｇより少ないことを特徴とす
る。
吸収物のフローバック値を決定する適切な技術は、以下
のフローバックテスト手ｊ：ＩＸを採用することによる
。このテストのため、おむつの如き選択された吸収物か
ら弾性部材を除去して、物をフラットに置き、そして物
の吸収体コンポーネントの重さが決定される。物はその
後略５４から５８ｄｙｎｅの表面張力を有するシミュレ
ートされた尿の溶液で濡らされる。この溶液は、吸収物
のフロントウェストバンドエツジから５インチのところ
に配置された略１インチ直径エリア上の吸収物に導かれ
、吸収コンポーネントが負荷率４．５な達するまで、即
ちテストサンプルが吸収体の１グラム当たり４．５グラ
ムのシミュレートされた尿を含むまで、溶液は連続して
追加される。０．５ｐｓｉの均一圧力ローディングが３
分間テストサンプルに与えられ、フルイドが均一にサン
プルに分配される。圧力は、１ｇ時に除去され、約４ｘ
１２インチの吸収フィルタ用紙（Ｊａｍｅｓ　　Ｒｉｖ
ｅｒ　　＃１２０）が吸収サンプルのトップシートの頂
上表面上に長さ方向に挿入され、０．５ｐｓｉの圧力ロ
ーディングが２分間サンプルに再び与えられる。フィル
タ用紙は除去されて再度計量され、フィルタ用紙に吸収
されたフルイド量がサンプルの「フローバック」と名付
けられる。平均フローバック値は、少なくとも５つのサ
ンプルの平均に基づく。
本発明の吸収物は、トップシート及びトップシートｉ内
に保持された比較的ψない水分量により特徴付けられる
。即ち、吸収物は、そのトップシートにおいて、約０．
２５ｇより多くなく、機能改善のために好ましくは約０
．２ｇより多くない保持水分量を有することが出来る。
また、吸収物は、その１ｉｌ１層において、約０．３ｇ
より多くない保持水分量を有することが出来る。
保持水分量を決定する適切な技術は１次のフルイド保留
テスト手順を採用することによる。
このテストとして、３．５ｘ６インチのサンプルがおむ
つの如き、選択された＠板物から取られ、吸収物の各コ
ンポーネント層が予め計量される。
サンプルは、吸収物コンポーネントが負荷率１０に到達
するまで、即ち、吸収コンポーネントが吸収物の１グラ
ム当たり１０グラムのシミュレートされた尿を含むまで
、略５４から５８ｄｙｎｅの表面張力を有するシミュレ
ートされた（例えば。
５ａｎｔｅｋ　　Ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｓから利用される）
溶液により濡らされる。サンプルは蒸発を避けるために
カバーされ、平衡に達するまで１５分１！Ｉ　Ｍ　ｉさ
れる。トップシート、トップシート層。
吸収体及び他のコンポーネント層は１個々に計量されて
各コンポーネントに保持された水分量が決定される。
以下の例は１発明の理解をより詳細な・ものとするため
に設けられた。分量、比率、構成及びパラメータは例示
的なものであり１発明の範囲を特に狭めるものでは無い
。
例二に 吸収構造は、ポリエチレンフィルム、繊維状水浸透性ト
ップシート、及びバックシート及びトップシート間に挟
まれた吸収パッドよりなる水弁浸透性バックシートを形
成するよう作成される。
トップシート層は、約０．１１インチのバルク厚さ及び
約０．８ｏｚ／ｙｄ２の基本重量を有するウェブを形成
するよう結合されたビローパルポリプロピレンファイバ
ーより形成される。その結果のスパンボンドウェブは、
約１５％の結合エリアを有し、約０．３ｗｔ％のＴｒｉ
ｔｏｎＸ−１Ｏ２界面活性剤で処理される。トップシー
ト内の平均細穴サイズは、約８０マイクロメータ（ＥＣ
Ｄ）である。
吸収パッドは、約３６グラムのウッドパルプフラッフ及
び約５グラムのポリアクリル・スーパーアブソーベント
・ポリマーより形成される。パッドは、略０．２４イン
チのバルク厚さ及び約０゜１５　ｇ　／　ｃ　ｃのバル
ク密度を有し、ティシュラップを含む。ティシュラップ
層は、約２２ｇ／ｍ２の基本重量及び約３２マイクロメ
ータ（ＥＣＤ）の平均細穴サイズを有する高つェト強度
セルロースティシュより形成される。
例−λ 吸収構造は、ボリレエチレンフィルムバックシート、繊
維状水浸透性トップシート、及びトップシート及びバッ
クシート間に挟まれた吸収パッドよりなるよう作られる
。
トップシート層は、約０．０１１インチのバルク厚さ及
び約０．８ｏｚ／ｙｄ２の基本重量を有するウェブを形
成するよう結合されたビローパルポリプロピレンファイ
バーより形成される。その結果のスパンボンドウェブは
、約１５％の結合エリアを有する。また、トップシート
内の平均細穴サイズは、約８０マイクロメータ（ＥＣＤ
）であり。
約２５０マイクロメータの平均直径を有する穴で穿孔さ
れている。スパンボンドウェブは、約０゜３ｗｔ％のＴ
ｒｉｔｏｎ　　Ｘ−１０２界面活性剤で処理される。
吸収パッドは、約３６グラムのウッドパルプフラッフ及
び約５グラムのポリアクリル・スーパーアブソーベント
・ポリマーより形成される。パッドは、略０．２４イン
チのバルク厚さ及び約０゜１５　ｇ　／　ｃ　ｃのバル
ク密度を有し、ティシュラップを含む。ティシュラップ
層は、約２２　ｇ　／　ｍ　２の基本重量及び約３２マ
イクロメータ（ＥＣＤ）の平均細穴サイズを有する高つ
ェト強度セルロースティシュより形成される。
わ 運搬層及びＨ，Ｄ、に、より得られた材料は、約６のデ
ニールを有する丸いポリエステルファイバーより構成さ
れるパウダー・ボンド・カード・ウェブよりなる。ファ
イバーは、約３０ｇ／ｙｄ２の基本重量、約０．０１４
インチのバルク厚さ、及び略０．１０ｇ／ｃｃのバルク
密度を有するウェブを形成するよう接着される約１６ｗ
ｔ％のポリエステルパウダーと接合される。Ｎ穀層内の
平均細穴サイズは、約５２マイクロメータ（ＥＣＤ）で
ある。
れている。サンプルは、前に述べた毛細管吸引圧力テス
ト手ＩＩＩで１ｃｍから３ｃｍの圧力ヘッドでテストさ
れる。サンプルが穿孔トップシート及び運搬層よりなる
時、吸収はこの手順でテストされ、平衡状態における保
持水分のｇ／ｇにより、各材訃層の細穴サイズが低下す
るにつれて、その材料層のフルイドを引き込む能力は増
加することが発見される。
テスト結果が以下の表１にまとめられる。
乳Ａ テストサンプルは、運搬層とトップシート及び吸収パッ
ドよりなる吸収構造とを構成するよう用意される。吸収
体構造は、例２で記載した構造と同様であり、吸収パッ
ドが約４００ｇ／ｍ２の基本重量、約０−１ｇ／ｃｃの
バルク密度、及び０゜１５インチのバルク厚さを有して
いることが異なる。トップシート層は例３に記載した構
造を有しており、トップシート及び吸収パッド間に挿入
さ六−と アパチャー付トップシート ＫＬ、ｒｆ！！ 本吸収 １．１ ４　、４ ９　、３ ２．３ ３、４ ９　、２ こで運搬層はまた吸収構造の吸収パッド及びトップシー
ト間に配置される。本明細書に記載した、フルイド浸透
率テスト手１．頂がサンプルに行われ、その結果が以下
の表２にまとめられる。
表二乳 本吸収＝４００ｇ／Ｃｍ２基本重量 ０．１ｇ／ｃｃ密度 ０．１５インチ　バルク 例−司 ３つのテストサンプルが用意される。サンプル５ＡＬ−
５Ａ３は例１の吸収ｔ１１を造を構成した。サンプル５
Ｂｌ−５Ｂ３は例３のＭ躍層と組み合わされた例１の吸
収構造を構成し、ここで運搬層は吸収構造の吸収パッド
及びトップシート間に挿入される。サンプル５（、Ｌ−
５Ｃ３は、例３の運搬層と組み合わされた例２の吸収構
造を構成し、こ平均 ２５．３　　１８　　　　　１０．９ ２３．７　　１４．８　　１３．５ ２１．５　　１４．４　　１４．３ ２３　、５ １５　、７ １２、９ 表２のデータは、運ｗａ！Ｉを伴った吸収構造がフルイ
ド浸透率をかなり改善することを示している。
性１ ３つのテストサンプルが用意される。サンプル６ＡＬ−
６Ａ５は例１の吸収ｎ造を構成した。サンプル６Ｂ１−
６Ｂ５は、運搬層が吸収構造の吸収バンド及びトップシ
ート間に挿入されるように例３のｘ＊ｒｔｉと組み合わ
された例１の吸収構造を構成する。サンプル６Ｃ１−６
Ｃ５は、　１ｌｌｌ’ｌが吸収構造の吸収パッド及びト
ップシート間に配置されるように＠３の運［３と組み合
わされた例２の吸１８２構造を構成する。サンプルは、
本明細書に記載した、フローバックテスト手順によりテ
ストされ、その結果が以下の表３にまとめられる。
平均 聚］ ２、７９ ０、３４ ０、３５ 表３の上記データから１本発明に運搬層によりフローバ
ックが顕著に低減されることが明らかとなる。
λｌ 吸収構造は１例２に記載された吸収構造のトップシート
及び吸収パッド間に挿入された例３の通逆層よりなるよ
う構成される。フルイド保持テストが本明細書に記載さ
れた手順に従って行われ、その結果が以下の表４にまと
められる。
聚Ａ 霞３図は発明の吸収おむつ物の平面図。
ｆ５４図は第３図の４−４ラインに沿った断面図。
ｍ５図は不織布ウェブ層内の３本の繊維に囲まれた真穴
の等側内直径（ＥＣＤ） 第６図は毛細管吸引圧力側定器を示す。
Ｆｌｕｉｄ アパチャー付トップシート　　　０．１７通′ａｌＶ　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　Ｏ，１９吸収　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　９ １２−・・・・バックシート、１４・・・・・・　トッ
プシート層、１６・・・・・・吸収体、１８−・・・・
・運搬層。
４０　・−・・・・吸収物。
このように詳細に記載して来た発明により１発明の精神
から逸脱することなく種々の変形及び修正がなされうろ
ことは当業者にとって明らかである。この変形及び修正
は、全て本発明の範囲内にある。
【図面の簡単な説明】
第１図は発明の吸収物の平面図。 第２Ｕｆ！ｉは第１図の２−２ラインに沿った断面図、
ＦＩＧ、１ ＦＩＧ、　３ １日 ＦＩＧ、２ ＦＩＧ、４

Claims (44)

    【特許請求の範囲】
  1. １．水分吸収可能な実質的に親水性材料よりなる吸収体
    と、 該吸収体と対向配置され、効果的平均細穴サイズを有す
    る水浸透性トップシート層と、 該トップシート層及び該吸収体の間に配置され、該吸収
    体よりも少ない親水性の材料よりなり、該トップシート
    層細穴サイズよりも小さい効果的平均細穴サイズを有す
    る水浸透性運搬層と より構成した吸収物。
  2. ２．該吸収体は吸収ヒドロゲルポリマー材料を含む請求
    項１記載の吸収物。
  3. ３．該運搬層は、非圧縮時約０．０１３から０．５１ｃ
    ｍの範囲内の厚さを有する請求項１記載の吸収物。
  4. ４．５運搬層は、乾燥及び非圧縮時約０．０２５から０
    ．０７６ｃｍの範囲内の厚さを有する請求項１記載の吸
    収物。
  5. ５．該運搬層は、乾燥及び非圧縮時約０．０１２から０
    ．０１７ｃｍの範囲内の厚さを有する請求項１記載の吸
    収物。
  6. ６．該トップシートの効果的平均細穴サイズは、実質的
    にトップシートを貫通する穴によつて決められ、該穴は
    約１６０から３５０マイクロメータの平均直径を有する
    請求項１記載の吸収物。
  7. ７．該運搬層は、乾燥及び非圧縮時に約１０から１００
    マイクロメータの範囲の平均細穴サイズを有する材料よ
    り構成される請求項１記載の吸収物。
  8. ８．該運搬層は、少なくとも約８０％のウエット圧縮リ
    カバリー値を有する請求項１記載の吸収物。
  9. ９．該運搬層は、少なくとも約８５％のウエット圧縮リ
    カバリー値を有する請求項１記載の吸収物。
  10. １０．約０．５ｇより少ない水分逆戻り値を有する請求
    項１記載の吸収物。
  11. １１．該運搬層は、０．０１５から０．５ｇ／ｃｃの範
    囲内の密度を有する請求項１記載の吸収物。
  12. １２．該運搬層は、０．０４から０．４ｇ／ｃｃの範囲
    内の密度を有する請求項１記載の吸収物。
  13. １３．該運搬層は、０．０８から０．１２ｇ／ｃｃの範
    囲内の密度を有する請求項１記載の吸収物。
  14. １４．該運搬層は、繊維状の不織布よりなる請求項１記
    載の吸収物。
  15. １５．該運搬層は、ポリステル繊維よりなる接着され、
    カード化されたウエブより構成される請求項１記載の吸
    収物。
  16. １６．該運搬層は、ポリステル中空繊維よりなるパウダ
    ー接着され、カード化されたウエブより構成される請求
    項１記載の吸収物。
  17. １７．該運搬層は、約１．５から１５の範囲内のデニー
    ルを有する繊維よりなる請求項１記載の吸収物。
  18. １８．該運搬層は、約１．５から６の範囲内のデニール
    を有する繊維よりなる請求項１記載の吸収物。
  19. １９．該運搬層は、その厚さには実質的に均一で層の無
    い構造を有する請求項１記載の吸収物。
  20. ２０．繊維状で、実質的に親水性の材料からなり、該運
    搬層の細穴サイズよりも小さい効果的平均細穴サイズを
    有するラップシートを含む請求項１記載の吸収物。
  21. ２１．該ラップシートは、約１０から４０マイクロメー
    タの範囲内の効果的平均細穴サイズを有する請求項２０
    記載の吸収物。
  22. ２２．バックシート層と、 該バックシートと対向配置され、そこに効果的平均細穴
    サイズを有する実質的に水浸透性トップシート層と、 実質的に親水性の材料よりなり、選択された水分の吸収
    可能で、該バックシート及びトップシート層間に配置さ
    れた吸収体と、 該トップシート層及び吸収体間に配置され、該吸収体よ
    りも少ない親水性の材料よりなり、該トップシートの細
    穴サイズよりも小さな効果的平均細穴サイズを有する水
    浸透性運搬層と よりなる吸収おむつ物。
  23. ２３．該吸収体は吸収ヒドロゲルポリマー材料を含む請
    求項２２記載の吸収物。
  24. ２４．該運搬層は、非圧縮時約０．０１３から０．５１
    ｃｍの範囲内の厚さを有する請求項２２記載の吸収物。
  25. ２５．該運搬層は、乾燥及び非圧縮時約０．０２５から
    ０．０７６ｃｍの範囲内の厚さを有する請求項２２記載
    の吸収物。
  26. ２６．該運搬層は、乾燥及び非圧縮時約０．０１２から
    ０．０１７ｃｍの範囲内の厚さを有する請求項２２記載
    の吸収物。
  27. ２７．該トップシートの効果的平均細穴サイズは、実質
    的にトップシートを貫通する穴によって決められ、該穴
    は約１６０から３５０マイクロメータの平均直径を有す
    る請求項２２記載の吸収物。
  28. ２８．該運搬層は、乾燥及び非圧縮時に約１０から１０
    ０マイクロメータの範囲の平均細穴サイズを有する材料
    より構成される請求項２２記載の吸収物。
  29. ２９．該運搬層は、少なくとも約８０％のウエット圧縮
    リカバリー値を有する請求項２２記載の吸収物。
  30. ３０．該運搬層は、少なくとも約８５％のウエット圧縮
    リカバリー値を有する請求項２２記載の吸収物。
  31. ３１．約０．５ｇより少ない水分逆戻り値を有する請求
    項２２記載の吸収物。
  32. ３２．該運搬層は、０．０１５から０．５ｇ／ｃｃの範
    囲内の密度を有する請求項２２記載の吸収物。
  33. ３３．該運搬層は、０．０４から０．４ｇ／ｃｃの範囲
    内の密度を有する請求項２２記載の吸収物。
  34. ３４．該運搬層は、０．０８から０．１２ｇ／ｃｃの範
    囲内の密度を有する請求項２２記載の吸収物。
  35. ３５．該運搬層は、繊維状の不織布よりなる請求項２２
    記載の吸収物。
  36. ３６．該運搬層は、ポリステル繊維よりなる接着され、
    カード化されたウエブより構成される請求項２２記載の
    吸収物。
  37. ３７．該運搬層は、ポリステル中空繊維よりなるパウダ
    ー接着され、カード化されたウエブより構成される請求
    項２２記載の吸収物。
  38. ３８．該運搬層は、約１．５から１５の範囲内のデニー
    ルを有する繊維よりなる請求項２２記載の吸収物。
  39. ３９．該運搬層は、約１．５から６の範囲内のデニール
    を有する繊維よりなる請求項２２記載の吸収物。
  40. ４０．該運搬層は、その厚さには実質的に均一で層の無
    い構造を有する請求項２２記載の吸収物。
  41. ４１．繊維状で、実質的に親水性の材料からなり、該運
    搬層の細穴サイズよりも小さい効果的平均細穴サイズを
    有するラップシートを含む請求項２２記載の吸収物。
  42. ４２．該ラップシートは、約１０から４０マイクロメー
    タの範囲内の効果的平均細穴サイズを有する請求項４１
    記載の吸収物。
  43. ４３．該吸収体及び該トップシート間に配置された追加
    トップシート層を更に具備し、該運搬層及び該追加運搬
    層は互いに該吸収体の厚さを介して選択された点で動作
    可能に連結されて、煙突状キルト配置を形成する請求項
    ２２記載の吸収物。
  44. ４４．該吸収体は少なくともその部分的に形成された複
    数の穴を含み、該運搬層及び該追加運搬層は該穴と関連
    して動作可能に連結されて、該キルトを形成する請求項
    ４３記載の吸収物。
JP63261295A 1987-10-16 1988-10-17 疎水性運搬層を有する吸収物 Expired - Lifetime JP2818796B2 (ja)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07/109,784 US4798603A (en) 1987-10-16 1987-10-16 Absorbent article having a hydrophobic transport layer
US109784 1987-10-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH021266A true JPH021266A (ja) 1990-01-05
JP2818796B2 JP2818796B2 (ja) 1998-10-30

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US (1) US4798603A (ja)
EP (3) EP0682930B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP2818796B2 (ja)
KR (2) KR970007415B1 (ja)
AT (1) ATE134128T1 (ja)
AU (1) AU599839B2 (ja)
BR (1) BR8805332A (ja)
CA (1) CA1312175C (ja)
DE (2) DE3856448T2 (ja)
ES (2) ES2153001T3 (ja)
MX (1) MX162782A (ja)
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ZA (1) ZA887687B (ja)

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JPH08501473A (ja) * 1992-09-21 1996-02-20 ザ、プロクター、エンド、ギャンブル、カンパニー 賦形手段を備えた衛生ナプキン
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JP2011055959A (ja) * 2009-09-08 2011-03-24 Livedo Corporation 吸収性物品

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KR970007415B1 (ko) 1997-05-08
HK1006394A1 (en) 1999-02-26
ES2153001T3 (es) 2001-02-16
DE3856448T2 (de) 2001-08-23
EP1046383A3 (en) 2000-11-29
ZA887687B (en) 1990-05-30
MY103427A (en) 1993-06-30
JP2818796B2 (ja) 1998-10-30
EP0682930A1 (en) 1995-11-22
EP0312118A3 (en) 1990-05-02
BR8805332A (pt) 1989-05-30
ATE134128T1 (de) 1996-02-15
AU2367088A (en) 1989-04-20
MX162782A (es) 1991-06-26
ES2085850T3 (es) 1996-06-16
US4798603A (en) 1989-01-17
EP0312118B1 (en) 1996-02-14
EP0312118B2 (en) 2008-09-03
EP1046383A2 (en) 2000-10-25
KR890006208A (ko) 1989-06-12
CA1312175C (en) 1993-01-05
DE3855005T2 (de) 1996-06-13
EP0312118A2 (en) 1989-04-19
DE3855005D1 (de) 1996-03-28
EP0682930B1 (en) 2001-01-03
AU599839B2 (en) 1990-07-26
KR970007413B1 (ko) 1997-05-08
DE3856448D1 (de) 2001-02-08

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