JPH02181792A - Electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To allow diversified performances by supplying pitch data to a rewriting wound source in such a manner as to successively increase or lower the frequency of the musical tone signals generated from sound sources by a pitch control means. CONSTITUTION:The pitch instruction data generated by a keyboard 2 are rewritten by a CPU 1 in such a manner that the instructed pitches thereof rise or fall as time passes by. A series of the pitch instruction data before and after such change are supplied to a sound source circuit 4. The automatic increase or decrease of the pitch of the musical tones to be generated with lapse of time is executed by this constitution. The diversified performances are thus possible.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument, and more particularly to an electronic musical instrument that can automatically raise or lower the pitch of a sound corresponding to a pressed key.

"Prior Art" Generally, electronic musical instruments are configured to be able to generate various sound effects such as vibrato and tremolo in order to enhance performance effects.

Sound effects that change the pitch of a sound include pitch bend effects and glide effects.

Here, the pitch bend effect is an effect in which the pitch changes when the performer operates a predetermined controller, and the glide effect is an effect in which the pitch changes when the performer operates a predetermined controller, and the glide effect is a sound that is a predetermined pitch lower than the original pitch of the key when the key is on. This is an effect in which the sound is started at a predetermined pitch (or a predetermined pitch high note), and then the pitch changes automatically to reach the predetermined pitch.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, there is a problem in that conventional electronic musical instruments are still insufficient when trying to perform various performances by controlling pitch.

This invention was made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and it is possible to automatically raise or lower the pitch of musical tones to be generated over time, thereby making it possible to automatically raise or lower the pitch of musical tones to be generated. The purpose is to provide musical instruments.

"Means for Solving the Problem" In order to solve the above problem, the invention according to claim (1) provides a pronunciation instruction means for generating pitch instruction data for instructing the pitch of a sound to be emitted. a sound source that generates a musical tone signal at a frequency corresponding to the supplied pitch instruction data; and a sound source that rewrites the pitch instruction data generated by the sound generation instruction means so that the instructed pitch increases or decreases as time passes. , pitch control means for supplying a series of pitch instruction data before and after this change to the sound source.

Further, in the invention according to claim (2), the pitch control means has a first mode in which the pitch instruction data is rewritten so that the instructed pitch increases, and a first mode in which the instructed pitch decreases. a second mode in which the pitch instruction data is rewritten so that the pitch instruction data is rewritten, and a third mode in which the pitch instruction data generated by the sound generation instruction means is continued to be supplied to the sound source without being rewritten.
mode, and one of the first, second, and third modes is set according to an instruction from the mode switching means.

"Operation" When the pitch data is rewritten by the pitch control means,
Correspondingly, the frequency of the musical tone signal generated by the sound source increases or decreases sequentially.

Further, in the invention as set forth in claim (2), since any one of the first to third modes is set by the mode switching means, it is possible to select any mode depending on the mode of performance. can.

"Embodiments" Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, 1 is a CPU (central processing unit), which controls each part of the device. 2 is a keyboard, which is composed of a large number of keys. The key code and on/off information for each key are supplied to the CPU 1 according to the playing state. Reference numeral 3 denotes an operation unit consisting of switches and the like that give various instructions to the CPUI, including mode switches MSI and M for switching modes.
S2, MS3, speed setting device SP, and other switches (not shown) are provided.

Here, the modes set by the mode switches MS1 to MS3 are the following three types.

■When you press a certain key, it first produces a sound at the frequency corresponding to the note name of that key, and then, as time passes, the pitch (
going II) mode to increase the frequency).

■Contrary to the above going up mode, the going down mode lowers the pitch over time.

■Normal mode that produces sound at the frequency corresponding to the note name of the pressed key without making any pitch changes.

Each of the above modes is controlled by the mode switch MS2. M
S3. It is set when MS 1 is pressed.

The speed setter SP sets the speed of pitch change in the going up mode and the going down mode, and uses, for example, an absolute type rotary encoder. That is,
The output data of the rotary encoder is configured to be speed data. Further, as shown in the figure, a scale is attached around the operating knob of the speed setting device SP, so that the speed setting operation can be performed accurately. The unit of this scale is cents/S, which indicates how many cents is raised (or lowered) per unit time (1 second). In addition, 100 cents corresponds to a semitone,
Therefore, one octave is 1200 cents.

Next, numeral 4 shown in FIG. 1 is a sound source circuit that generates musical tone signals, and has eight sound generation channels cho to ch7. Therefore, the maximum number of simultaneous sounds in this embodiment is eight. Each sound generation channel chQ-c of the sound source circuit 4
h7 is designed to generate sound at a frequency corresponding to the F number supplied from CPtJ1. This F number is data set to have a proportional relationship with the actual frequency to be sounded, and if the sounding frequency is f, then f=kx (F number) (k is an arbitrary constant). Furthermore, each of the sound generation channels chQ to ch7 starts sounding when a key-on signal (a signal indicating a key press) is supplied from the CPU 1, and ends sounding when a key-off signal (a signal indicating a key release) is supplied. It has become. The musical sound signals generated by each sound generation channel chO to ch7 of the sound source 4 are -D/
After being converted into an analog signal by the A converter 5, it is supplied to the sound system 6, where it is generated as an actual musical tone.

Next, IO shown in FIG. 1 is a ROM in which programs used by the CPUI are stored, and 11 is a RAM in which a working area and various tables are set. Here, the table set in RAMI will be explained. First, the table shown in FIG. 2 is a key code table KCT, in which the sound generation channels chQ to ch
It consists of eight addresses corresponding to the number 7. At each address, a key-on flag indicating the key-on of the relevant sound generation channel and key code information indicating the key code KC that is currently sounding are written. When the cow-on flag is "1", the key code KC at that address indicates that the corresponding sound generation channel is currently generating sound.

Therefore, by checking the key code table KCT, it is possible to know which sound generation channel is producing sound. Next, the table shown in FIG.
Number table FNT, pronunciation channel chQ~
It consists of eight addresses corresponding to ch7. The F number that is currently being sounded is written at each address. The above are the tables provided in RAMII.

Next, 12 shown in FIG. 1 is a timer, which supplies an interrupt signal INT to cput at fixed time intervals. The interrupt period by this timer 12 is programmable by the CPU.

Next, the operation of this embodiment with the above configuration will be explained.

First, the processing in the main routine will be explained with reference to FIG. First, in step SP1, various registers and constants are initialized. Next, proceed to the key-on/key-off routine LUI, step S
When a key-on or key-off event is detected at P2, a sound production control process SP3 is performed. Here, an event refers to a change in the state of a key, and includes a key-on event in which a key changes from an off state to an on state, and a key-off event in which a key changes from an on state to an off state. The processing in step SP3 is actually performed by two processing routines, which will be described later.

After processing the key-on/key-off routine LUI,
Function switch-on event processing routine LU
Proceed to step 2. In this processing routine, first, the presence or absence of a function key on event is determined (step 5p4), and if "YESJ", the process advances to function switch processing SP5.The function switch includes the mode switch MS1 described above. -M53, speed setting device SP and other switches (not shown)
is included. Further, the process at step SP5 is performed by a numeric value processing routine that will be described later.

This function switch-on event processing L U
After '2, the key-on/key-off process is performed again and the process proceeds to Ul, and thereafter the above two processes are repeated.

Next, each routine that is the content of the function processing SP5 will be explained.

First, when switch MS1 is pressed, a routine shown in FIG. 5 is activated. Then, in step 5Pal, the sound generation processing of all sound generation channels chQ to ch7 is stopped. This is because when the mode is changed, the sound generation control state changes, so that the control state of the newly selected mode is unified so that the sound generation of different control modes does not remain. Next, the process moves to step 5Pa2 and the content of the mode register MD is set to "O". This mode register MD is set in RAMII, and its contents are “
0” is normal mode, “1” is goin
gu up mode, going down when "2"
Each mode is indicated. This step 5P
When the process of a2 is completed, the main routine (see Figure 4)
Return to.

When mode switch MSl or MS2 is pressed, the sixth
The subroutines shown in the figure or FIG.
7 is performed (step 5Pb).
l, 5Pcl), “1” or “
2" is written.

Next, when the step setter SP is operated, a subroutine shown in FIG. 8 is activated. In this subroutine, in step 5Pdll, speed data S
Written to register SPD set in Dh<RAMII. Next, the process proceeds to step 5Pd2, where F-number coefficient calculation processing is performed. The F number coefficient is a coefficient multiplied by the F number in pitch control, and the speed of pitch change is determined depending on the magnitude of this coefficient.

Then, the calculation in step 5Pd2 is performed based on the following equation.

(+Jpdl +ri) F number coefficient=2 In the above formula, Ti is the interrupt period of the timer 12. Therefore, by multiplying the contents of the register Spd by the interrupt period Ti in the formula, the number of cents to change the pitch in one interrupt is calculated. Then, dividing this calculation result by 1200 cents (one octave) is 1
It is calculated how many octaves the pitch changes in each interruption. Here, an octave refers to a frequency ratio of 2 times, so if the above calculation result is raised to a power of 2, the new F number to be set at the time of an interrupt can be determined by multiplying the calculation result by the F number. I understand what is required.

When the F number coefficient is determined as described above, the result is written into the register Fspd, thereby ending the process of step 5Pd2 and returning to the main routine (FIG. 4).

Next, the key-on/key-off processing LUI will be explained.

First, when a cow-on event is detected, a subroutine shown in FIG. 9 is activated. In step 5Pel of this subroutine, the key code KC supplied from the keyboard 2 is taken into the key buffer KEYBUF (buffer set in RAMI I). Next, step 5
Moving to Pe2, the F number corresponding to the key code KC in the key buffer KEYBUF is found from the F number search table (path shown). Here, what is the F number search table?
This is a table set in RAM II or ROM10, which shows the pitch of key code KC and the corresponding F.
This is a table in which numbers are stored. The obtained F number is then stored in the F number buffer FNBUF. Next, the process moves to step 5Pe3, in which a search is made for the sound generation channels chQ to ch7 that are not undergoing sound generation processing, that is, empty channels. Then, for the vacant sounding channel, the F number buffer F
Sends the F number and key-on signal in NBUF (
Step 5Pe4). As a result, the corresponding sound generation channel generates a musical tone signal with a frequency corresponding to the F number, and this musical tone signal is supplied to the sound system 6 via the D/A converter 5. Therefore, from this point on, a musical tone is generated at a frequency corresponding to the pitch of the key associated with the key-on event.

Next, the process moves to step 5Pe5, and the F number in the F-1 buffer FNBUF is written to the address of the corresponding sound generation channel (the channel on which sound generation processing has just been performed) in the F number table FNT shown in FIG. Next, the process moves to step 5Pe5, and the key code table KC shown in FIG.
The key-on flag of the corresponding address of T is set to "l" and the key code in the key code buffer KCBUF is written to that address. When this process is completed, the process returns to the main routine.

Further, when a key-off is detected, a subroutine shown in FIG. 10 is activated. Then, in step 5Pfl, the key code KC supplied from the keyboard 2 is stored in the key code buffer KEYBUF. Next, step 5Pf
Moving on to 2, key code table KCT (see Figure 3)
Search for the key code KC in the key code buffer KEYBUF at the address where the key-on flag is "1".
Finds whether there is a key code that matches. If there is a match, a key-off signal is sent to the sound generation channel ch corresponding to the address in the sound source circuit 4 (steps 5Pf3, 5Pf4). With this process, the sound generation process of the corresponding sound generation channel ch is stopped.

On the other hand, if there is no matching key code, step 5P
The determination of f3 is rNOJ and the process returns.

After the processing in step 5Pf4, the key-on flag at the address in the key code table KCT corresponding to the muted sound generation channel ch is set to "O" (step 5Pf5).

After the process of step 5Pf5, the process returns to the main routine.

Note that the above-mentioned step 5Pf5 and step 5Pe5
As a result of the processing, the state of the key-on flag in the key code table KCT is changed to the state of the key-on flag in the tone generator circuit 4.
This corresponds to the presence or absence of each pronunciation of ~ch7.

Next, the operation when the interrupt signal INT is output from the timer 12 shown in FIG. 1 will be described.

When the interrupt signal INT is output from the timer 12, the first
The sub-chin shown in FIG. 1 is activated. In this subroutine, first, in step SPgl, the content of mode register MD is "0".

It is determined whether it is rlJ or r2J, and if it is "0", the process returns. On the other hand, if the content of the mode register MD is rN, the content of the register Fspd, that is, the F number coefficient, is written into the register C in step spg2. If the content of the mode register MD is "2", the reciprocal of the F number coefficient in the register Fspd is written in the register C in step SPg3.

Then, in step SPg4, register i is cleared. This register i is stored in steps SPg5 to SPg5.
This register counts the number of cycles in the loop consisting of gll. Next, in step SPg5, it is determined whether the key-on flag at the address corresponding to the sound generation channel chi in the key code table KCT is "1". If the judgment result is rYEsj, proceed to step s Pg6, and select the sound generation channel ch in the F number table FNT.
Store the F number corresponding to i in register FX. Then, multiply the contents of register FX and the contents of register C,
The result is stored in register FX. In this case, the F number after the operation stored in the register FX is gotng
In the case of up mode, it becomes larger than the previous value, going
In the case of the down mode, it is smaller than the previous value.Next, the process moves to step SPg8, and the F number in the sound generation channel chi is rewritten to the F number in the register FX.

As a result, the sounding frequency of the sounding channel chi rises or falls in accordance with the rewritten F number.

Then, the process advances to step SPg9, and the F number table F
Write the F number in the register FX to the address corresponding to the sound generation channel chi of the NT. After this processing, the contents of register i are incremented by 1 in step SPglO, and a determination is made in step SPgll. Step S
The determination of Pgll is to determine whether the contents of register i are 8 or more, and in the case of rNOJ, step SPg
Perform the process in step 5. From then on, do the same as above, step S
Step SP until the determination of Pgll becomes rYEsJ.
The processes from g5 to SPg9 are cycled. Therefore, when an interrupt signal is supplied from the timer 12, the F number of each of the sound generation channels chQ to ch7 increases or decreases according to the contents of the register C.

However, when an interrupt occurs, the determination in step SPg5 is rNOj for the sounding channel that is not producing sound.
Therefore, the processing of steps SPg5 to SPg9 is not performed, and therefore the F number rewriting processing is not performed.

Next, when the determination at step SPgll is rYEsJ, the process returns to the main routine, and the subroutine shown in FIG. 11 is activated again at the next interrupt timing. As a result, in the sound generation channel that continues to generate sound during the interrupt sound generation, the F number increases or decreases at a constant rate, so that the pitch of the generated sound increases or decreases in sequence.

In the above-described embodiment, the frequency of the generated musical tone rises or falls linearly, but instead of this, it may be configured to rise or fall according to a predetermined function (for example, a quadratic function or a square root). .

In addition, the sound generation is stopped when a key-off is detected, but even after the key-off or damper pedal is turned off, the sound continues for a predetermined delay period, and the pitch rise/fall control is also performed. It can also be configured as

Further, although the pitch is controlled to be raised/lowered immediately after key-on, the initially instructed pitch may be maintained during a certain delay period, and then the raised/lowered control may be performed.

Further, in the embodiment, although the pitch is configured to be able to raise and lower the pitch, it may be configured to perform only one of them.

"Effects of the Invention" As explained above, according to the present invention, there is provided a sound generation instruction means for generating pitch instruction data that indicates the pitch of a sound to be produced, and a frequency corresponding to the supplied pitch instruction data. A sound source that generates a musical tone signal and pitch instruction data generated by the sound generation instruction means are rewritten so that the instruction pitch increases or decreases as time passes, and a series of pitch instruction data before and after this change is generated. Since the pitch control means for supplying the sound source to the sound source is provided, the pitch of the musical sound to be generated can be adjusted by controlling the pitch of the musical sound to be generated.
It can be automatically raised or lowered over time, which has the advantage of allowing for a variety of musical performances.

In addition, there is a first mode in which the pitch instruction data is rewritten so that the indicated pitch increases, a second mode in which the pitch instruction data is rewritten so that the indicated pitch falls, and a second mode in which the pitch instruction data is not rewritten. The pitch control means is configured to have a third mode in which the pitch instruction data generated by the sound generation instruction means is continuously supplied to the sound source, and the pitch control means is configured to have a third mode in which the pitch instruction data generated by the sound generation instruction means is continuously supplied to the sound source. If the configuration is configured so that either the second or third mode is set, the performer can select the effect according to his/her preference, so the sound effect can be set according to the song or the image being played. can.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the key code table in the same embodiment, FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing the F number table in the same embodiment, FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the main routine of the same embodiment, and FIGS. Figure 7 is a flowchart showing the subroutines activated when each mode switch is operated, Figure 8 is a flowchart showing the subroutines activated when the speed setting device is operated, and Figures 9 and 1O are Flowcharts showing key-on and key-off processing, respectively. FIG. 11 is a flowchart activated when an interrupt is generated by a timer. 1... CPU (pitch control means), 2...
・Keyboard (pronunciation instruction means), 4... Sound source circuit, M
SI-MS3...Mode switch (mode switching means).

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) A sound generation instruction means that generates pitch instruction data that indicates the pitch of a sound to be produced; a sound source that generates a musical tone signal at a frequency corresponding to the supplied pitch instruction data; The generated pitch instruction data is rewritten so that the instruction pitch increases or decreases as time passes,
An electronic musical instrument comprising pitch control means for supplying a series of pitch instruction data before and after this change to the sound source. (2) The pitch control means operates in a first mode in which the pitch instruction data is rewritten so that the instruction pitch increases, and in a second mode in which the pitch instruction data is rewritten so that the instruction pitch decreases. and a third mode in which the pitch instruction data generated by the sound generation instruction means continues to be supplied to the sound source without being rewritten, and the pitch instruction data generated by the sound generation instruction means is continuously supplied to the sound source, and the pitch instruction data generated by the sound generation instruction means is continuously supplied to the sound source. 2. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein one of the second and third modes is set.