JPH0219607B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application] The present invention comprises a permanent magnet and a movable part displaceable between two end positions, the movable part being arranged about separate parallel axes. The magnetic circuit cooperates with the rest of the magnetic circuit to define two air gap regions, each air gap region generating two repulsive forces alternately in a direction parallel to the direction of motion of the moving part; at least one permanent magnet having pole pieces on two pole faces defining two air gap regions and changing the direction of the magnetic flux flow in the magnetic circuit by excitation means in a suitable manner;
The electromagnetic device further comprises at least one winding extending around a part of the magnetic circuit so as to move the movable part from one end position to the other end position.

[Prior art]

The electromagnetic device described in French patent no. move to.

In order to obtain the displacement movement, one side of the permanent magnet is provided with a fixed yoke extending between the two pole pieces, and the other side of the permanent magnet is provided with two fixed yokes that define the outer surface of the pole pieces. It shall be constructed so that a connecting yoke is provided. Therefore, since the flux paths are not symmetrical and the forces in the two air gaps are not equal, the armature assumes an inclined position unless suitable guiding means are provided. Furthermore, as the excitation increases, the force decreases and its sign reverses.
However, if the excitation becomes large enough, the scattered magnetic flux is believed to generate an additional attractive force in the same direction as it acts when unexcited.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

Because of the asymmetry described above, the reversal of forces on both sides of the armature does not occur simultaneously. Therefore, when the winding is excited, as the excitation gradually increases, a resultant force that does not reverse sign or is smaller than the weight of the armature may be generated, in which case the movement of the armature is prevented.

Since the windings are spaced apart from the permanent magnet and separated from it by an air gap, any scattered or leakage flux is high.

There are also constructional problems with ensuring simultaneous closure of the air gap since the air gap is located in four different planes and magnet height tolerances affect the positioning of the air gap planes.

[Means for solving problems]

The main objective of the invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks. Another object of the invention is to provide at least one
To enable the armature to be independently arranged in an airtight case housing two armature operating contacts.

An electromagnetic device with a permanent magnet according to the invention comprises:
comprising a movable part displaceable between two end positions, the movable part cooperating with the ends of the remainder of the magnetic circuit to define two air gap regions disposed about separate parallel axes; Each air gap region generates two repulsive forces alternately in a direction parallel to the direction of motion of the moving part, and the magnetic circuit has two pole pieces whose ends define the two air gap regions.
at least one permanent magnet having one magnetic pole face;
Extending around a part of the magnetic circuit so as to change the direction of the flow of magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit by means of suitable excitation, thereby moving the movable part from one end position to the other end position. means for intersecting the ends of the pole pieces defining the two air gap regions such that the two ends of the pole pieces of opposite polarity associated with at least one existing winding and different air gap regions are disposed in the same plane; It further comprises:

The electromagnetic device according to the invention comprises at least one magnetic flux routing system in the form of a permanent magnet with pole pieces in its pole faces, around the permanent magnet, perpendicular to the direction of magnetization of the permanent magnet; A winding is arranged to generate a magnetic field having a direction toward one or the other of the pole pieces extending from the winding.

In a first embodiment in which the electromagnetic arrangement comprises two flux routing systems, the flux routing systems have magnetic pole pieces that are parallel to each other and respectively arranged in two parallel planes; two air gap regions; The means for intersecting the ends of the pole pieces that define the intersecting of the respective ends of the pole pieces arranged on the same side of two windings associated with different flux routing systems and arranged in different planes It takes the form of two intermediate yokes that connect.

In a second embodiment, the means for intersecting the ends of the pole pieces that define the two air gap regions include a right angle bend along an axis parallel to the axis of the winding at the tongue-like ends of the two pole pieces. 4.
The two tongue ends are bent on the same side with respect to the axis of the winding, and the two tongue ends associated with the same pole piece are arranged in different parallel planes.

In a bistable configuration, the movable part takes the form of a flat bar that moves the opposing inner surfaces of the ends of the fixed pole pieces that connect and define the two air gap areas.

In a configuration obtaining monostable operation, the movable part takes the form of a permanent magnet with a movable pole piece on two pole faces, one end of the movable pole piece being a fixed pole piece located on one side of the winding. contact either one of the opposing inner surfaces of the end of the

According to one embodiment, the movable part is housed in a gas-tight case, the thin walls of which engage the inner surface of the end of the fixed pole piece defining the air gap area.
It is therefore possible to carry out the electrical contacts within the hermetic casing without having to house the windings in a hermetic casing and without having to provide magnetic conduction paths as is the case with the device described in applicant's European Patent No. 0086121. It can be made to work.

〔Example〕

The embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 will be described. The magnetic circuit has a moving part, namely an armature 1, formed by an ordinary flat bar. The first permanent magnet 2 has a magnetic pole piece 3 on a magnetic pole face S and a magnetic pole piece 4 on a magnetic pole face N.

The second permanent magnet 5 has a magnetic pole piece 6 on its magnetic pole face N and a magnetic pole piece 7 on its magnetic pole face S. Permanent magnet 2
A winding 10 wound around a bobbin 11 is arranged around the unit or system consisting of the pole pieces 3 and 4. Similarly, the system or unit formed by the permanent magnet 4 and the pole pieces 6, 7 is surrounded by a winding 1 wound on a bobbin 13.
2 is placed. The windings together with the system of permanent magnets and pole pieces are arranged in parallel parallel relation to each other, the pole pieces 4, 7 being arranged in one plane P1,
The pole pieces 3, 6 are arranged in a plane P2 parallel to the plane P1.

On one side of the windings 10, 12 the pole pieces 3,
4, 6, and 7 are flat ends 3 extending from the windings.
b, 4b, 6b, and 7b. Also associated with different permanent magnet-pole shoe systems, different planes P
The ends 3b and 7b located at P1 and P2 are connected to each other by an intermediate yoke 8. The ends 4b and 6b are similarly connected to each other by the intermediate yoke 9. However, the ends 4b, 6b are longer than the ends 3b, 7b in order to prevent the intermediate yokes 8, 9 from touching each other. Therefore, there is a crossover in the connections between the pole pieces of the two systems. For example, the intermediate yokes 8, 9 have a slight bayonet-shaped curvature and can be fixed by screws 14.

On the opposite side of the windings 10, 12, the pole pieces 3, 4, 6, 7 also have flat ends 3 extending from the windings.
a, 4a, 6a, 7a, and the movable part or armature 1 is arranged between the opposing surfaces of the ends 3a and 4a and between the opposing surfaces of the ends 6a and 7a.

Two air gap regions are thus defined about separate parallel axes perpendicular to the planes P1 and P2. Such an air gap region generates two repulsive forces alternately, each with a direction perpendicular to the planes P1 and P2 and parallel to the direction of displacement of the armature 1. Because of the above-mentioned intersection, the ends of two pole pieces, such as 3a and 6a or 4a and 7a, which are associated with different air gap regions and whose pole polarities are opposite to each other, lie in a single plane P2 or a single is placed on the plane P1.

FIG. 5 is a developed view showing the operation of the electromagnet device. In this case, the two windings 10, 12 have been rotated so that their axes are arranged in the plane of FIG.

The armature 1 is shown with its bottom located in the plane P1. The armature contacts the north pole end 4a and the south pole end 7a. Therefore, magnetic flux flows in the direction indicated by the arrow. The magnetic flux is then split into two parts, a part passing through the intermediate yoke 8 and the permanent magnet 2, and a part passing through the permanent magnet 5 and the intermediate yoke 9. This flow of magnetic flux is caused by windings 10 and 1.
It is generated by two magnetic fields H1 and H'1.
When their magnetic fields are reversed, the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 2 can no longer be generated through the end 4a and is guided to the opposite end 4b, thus flowing through the intermediate yoke 9 to the end 6a. . Similarly, the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 5 cannot be generated via the end 6b, but is added to the previous magnetic flux at the end 6a.

Each system of windings, permanent magnets and pole pieces thus generates a magnetic flux in the opposing open air gap, thereby moving the armature from its lower end position to its upper end position or vice versa. acts as a flux-directing device that can cancel out the previous magnetic flux present in the air gap to move it in the opposite direction. Unlike the arrangement described in French Patent No. 2,388,386, the magnetic field of the winding does not pass through the air gap, but acts directly on the surrounding magnet, and the winding is in close proximity to the air gap. Also, since the air gap is completely symmetrical, the forces generated in the two air gap regions are exactly equal.

Furthermore, although the air gap can be easily and completely closed, the armature may tilt slightly due to play in its guidance.

The feature of the intersecting intermediate yokes 8 and 9 is that the planes of the air gap lie in two planes, rather than in four planes as before.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 3 showing the bottom dish 15. FIG. The thin walls of the dish engage the inner surfaces of the ends 4a and 7a of the pole pieces. The upper dish 16 also has thin walls that engage the inner surfaces of the pole piece ends 3a and 6a. Dish-shaped member 16
is extended upwardly by a closed chamber (not shown) containing at least one electrical contact. The armature is actuated by an insulating arm 17 fixed at the other end to the center of the armature 1.

After the contacts and armature 1 have been arranged, the two dish-shaped parts 15, 16 are nested together in a sealing manner. The resulting hermetic casing can be filled with a gas appropriate to the nature of the metal used for the contacts and the nature of the electrical load to be controlled. It is clear that the case can be moved in and out of the rest of the magnetic circuit as required. Thin walls have an antiremanent effect and, if thin enough relative to the air gap region, there is little loss of force.

7 to 9 show a second embodiment of the electromagnetic device.

In this case, the means for intersecting the ends of the pole pieces that define the two air gap regions are the tongue-shaped ends 103a, 103 of the two pole pieces 103, 104.
right angle bends 108a, 108 along an axis parallel to the axis of the winding 110 at b, 104a, 104b;
b, 109a, 109b. The four tongues are bent on the same side with respect to the axis of the winding. Two tongue-shaped ends 103a, 103b and 1 associated with the same pole piece 103, 104, respectively
04a and 104b are different parallel planes P1 and P2
will be placed in

Further, the movable part of the electromagnet is a permanent magnet 120 having movable magnetic pole pieces 121 and 122 on the magnetic pole faces. The end 121a of the magnetic pole piece 121 is connected to the winding 110.
The fixed pole piece end 103 is located on one side of the
a or the opposing inner surface of 104a. Another end 122b of the movable pole piece 122
contacts either one of the opposing inner surfaces of the fixed pole piece end 103b or 104b located on the other side of the winding 110. In this case, the device operates as a monostable device.

Similar to the embodiment of FIG. 6, the movable parts 120, 121, 122 of the apparatus of FIGS. Engages the inner surface of the end of the pole piece.

The operation of the monostable device shown in FIGS. 7 to 9 is similar to the device described in EP 0 086 121.

It is therefore possible to operate the electrical contacts in a gas-tight case without having to house the windings therein and without having to provide a magnetic conduction path, as is the case with the device described in this European patent. .

Furthermore, according to the present invention, although the magnetic flux is not applied to the moving parts and is slightly asymmetric,
The air gap can be completely closed.

Naturally, the invention is not limited only to the embodiments described above, but can be modified in various ways without departing from the scope of the invention.

For example, the system of pole piece 3, intermediate yoke 8 and pole piece 7 of FIGS.
Similar to the system of intermediate yoke 9 and pole piece 6, it could be formed as an integral curved member.

Also, instead of the composite armature of FIG. 7 - permanent magnet 120 and pole pieces 121, 122 - the flat armature 1 of FIG. 3 can be used, and vice versa. Additionally, an H-shaped armature could be used with the pole piece ends on the outer surface.

It is also possible to use only a single winding in the device of Figure 1, provided that another system consisting of a permanent magnet and a pole piece should be added on the opposite side of the winding in order to achieve a symmetrical configuration. It would be possible. The conductors of the additional winding also act on the permanent magnets of the side arms.

The apparatus shown in FIGS. 7-9 may have a second armature added on the opposite side of the winding. On the opposite side, a tongue-shaped end 103a,
103b, 104a, and 104b are also extended.

Furthermore, two systems of the type shown in FIG. It is also possible to do so.

As far as the length of the iron core circuit and the leakage flux are concerned, the ideal solution to the problem would be to separate the fixed pole pieces 3, 4 by their rubber magnets and to separate the fixed pole pieces 3, 4 by means of their rubber magnets, as well as the planes P1 and P2 in which the first ends of the pole pieces are located. It is to curve spirally along an arc above.
In this case, the second ends of their pole pieces are in the plane P
1 and P2 and the windings are distributed over the partial torus thus formed.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan sectional view of a first embodiment of a bistable electromagnetic device according to the invention, FIG. 2 is a side sectional view taken along the line - of FIG. 1, and FIG. 4 is an end view corresponding to the front side of the figure, FIG. 4 is an end view of the back side of FIG. 1, FIG. 5 is a developed view showing the flow of magnetic flux in the electromagnetic device of FIG. 1, and FIG. A view similar to Figure 3 after being placed in an airtight case,
FIG. 7 is a plan view of a second embodiment in monostable form;
FIG. 8 is a side sectional view taken along the line - in FIG. 7;
and FIG. 9 is another side sectional view taken along the line - of FIG. (Explanation of symbols), 1...armature, 2, 5, 10
2,120...Permanent magnet, 3,4,67,10
3,104,121,122...Magnetic pole piece, 8,9
... intermediate yoke, 10, 12, 110 ... winding,
108a, 108b, 109a, 109b...Right angle bent portions.

Claims (1)

Claims: 1 comprising a permanent magnet and a movable part 1, 120, 121, 122 displacing between two end positions, said movable part having two air gap regions arranged about separate parallel axes; The magnetic circuit cooperates with the ends of the remaining part of the magnetic circuit to limit the 2
pole pieces 3, 4, defining two air gap regions;
At least one permanent magnet 2, 5, 102 with magnets 6, 7, 103, 104 on its two pole faces, by means of excitation in a suitable manner changes the direction of the flow of magnetic flux in the magnetic circuit, thereby causing the movable part to At least one winding 10, 12, 110 extending around a portion of the magnetic circuit for movement from one end position to the other end position and two ends of opposite polarity associated with different air gap regions. Parts 3a, 6a, 4a, 7a, 103a, 104b,
Ends 3a, 4a, 6a, 7a, 103a, 104a of pole pieces 3, 4, 6, 7, 103, 104 defining two air gap regions such that 103b, 104a are arranged in the same plane P1, P2 ，
Means 8, 9, 1 for crossing 103b, 104b
08a, 108b, 109a, 109b, the electromagnet device further includes:
Magnetic pole pieces 3, 4, 6, 7, 103, 104 on the magnetic pole surface
at least one magnetic flux routing system in the form of a permanent magnet 2, 5, 102 having a
Around the permanent magnet, the direction of magnetization (N
-S) and windings 10, 12,
One of the pole pieces 3a, 4a, 6 extending from 110
a, 7a, 103a, 104a or the other 3b, 4
a winding 10 that generates magnetic fields H1, H′1 with directions toward b, 6b, 7b, 103b, 104b;
An electromagnet device characterized in that 12 and 110 are arranged. 2. In an electromagnetic device comprising two flux routing systems, the flux routing systems are parallel to each other and in two parallel planes (respectively P
1, P2)) (respectively 3, 6
and 4, 7), the means for intersecting the ends of the pole pieces delimiting the two air gap regions are arranged in two windings 10 associated with different flux routing systems and arranged in different planes P1, P2. . The electromagnetic device according to item 1. 3. The means for intersecting the ends of the pole pieces that define the two air gap regions are the two pole pieces 103,
104 tongue-shaped ends 103a, 103b, 104
a, 104b, right angle bends 108a, 108b, 10 along an axis parallel to the axis of the winding 110;
9a, 109b, the four tongue-like ends are bent on the same side with respect to the axis of the winding, and the two tongue-like ends 1 are associated with the same pole pieces 103, 104.
2. The electromagnet device according to claim 1, wherein the magnets 03a, 103b, 104a, and 104b are arranged in different parallel planes P1 and P2. 4. The movable part is a flat member which moves in a bistable manner the opposing inner surfaces of the ends 3a, 4a, 6a, 7a of the fixed pole pieces that connect the two air gap areas to each other and define their air gap areas. An electromagnetic device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it takes the form of a bar 1. 5 The movable part has two movable magnetic pole pieces 12 on the two magnetic pole faces.
1,122, and one end 121a of the movable pole piece 121 is connected to the winding 1.
End 1 of the fixed pole piece located on one side of 10
03a or 104a, and one end 122b of the movable magnetic pole piece 122
is in contact with either one of the opposing inner surfaces of the ends 103b or 104b of the fixed pole piece arranged on the other side of the winding 110, whereby a monostable operation is obtained. The electromagnet device according to any one of items 1 to 3. 6. The movable parts 1, 120, 121, 122 are housed in an airtight case 15, 16, the thin walls 15a, 15b, 16a, 16b of which define the air gap area at the ends 4a, 7 of the fixed pole piece.
Any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it engages with the inner surfaces of a, 3a, and 6a.
The electromagnetic device described in section.