JPH0219747A - Detecting device for hulling rate of grain - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To exactly execute the discrimination by bringing mixed rice to image pickup by a color image pickup means, utilizing the information of color signals of red, green and blue in color information which has been obtained, separating each color component and calculating its ratio. CONSTITUTION:By synchronizing with an electronic flash light emitting device 43, video signals of red, green and blue of color image information of mixed rice which has been obtained by a color image pickup means 39 are separated into output signals of a luminance signal and a color signal at every picture element by a decoder 45, and the color signal of its color component is converted to a digital signal by an A/D converter 46, and stored in an image memory 47. Subsequently, based on information from the memory 47, a ratio of color components of three colors is calculated by a color component arithmetic circuit 48, and stored in a memory 49. Next, in a hulling rate arithmetic circuit 50, information which has been stored in the memory 49 is fetched, unpolished rice and unhulled rice in mixed rice are discriminated, and also, a hulling rate is calculated. The hulling rate as a result of its calculation is compared with a target hulling rate which has been set in advance by a hulling rate setting device 52, and a gap of a hulling roller is controlled by a gap control mechanism 12.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention provides a method for determining the proportion of brown rice ( The invention relates to a device for detecting the deweighing rate.

[Conventional technology]

In rice hulling sorting equipment, etc., the gap between the hulling rolls is controlled to increase or decrease so that it is equal to a preset target culling rate. For example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-28462, a light emitting section of a light reflection sensor is used to detect mixed rice flowing down along a gutter for detecting culling rate. Light of a certain intensity is irradiated, and the reflected light is received by multiple light-receiving sensors with different receiving wavelengths, focusing on the fact that the light-receiving level and light-receiving time are different for paddy, brown rice, and green rice (immature rice). It is disclosed that the JBtff rate can be detected.

Furthermore, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-76585, a light reflection type sensor is configured so that the wavelength of light irradiated from a light emitting device includes a specific wavelength, and the light receiving level of the reflected light of the specific wavelength is measured by the light receiving sensor. It is disclosed that the difference between brown rice and green rice is detected by detecting the difference.

Furthermore, in another prior art, it has been proposed that the irradiation light includes infrared rays, near infrared rays, or visible red light as the light having the specific wavelength.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

However, in each of the above cases, the light receiving sensor
In other words, the strength of the received light is detected, and a certain level of the strength (
Since it is used to distinguish between brown rice, paddy, and green rice using a threshold value, the discrimination is only rough.

In addition, the degree of light reflection varies depending on the type of rice, such as the brand of rice, and the surface condition of the entire mixed rice of brown rice and paddy.
There are also variations in the threshold values for brown rice and paddy, and it is necessary to adjust the threshold values for each brand, which is troublesome.

Furthermore, when mixed rice, which is a mixture of brown rice and paddy, is flowed down in a thin layer on a gutter for detecting culling rate, when the reflected light of the light irradiated onto the layer is received, Since the surface of the gutter against the mixed rice becomes the background, the magnitude of the light reflection level of the background will affect the judgment of the threshold value. For example, if the layer of mixed rice is too thin, it will be difficult to detect the culling rate. When the surface of the gutter is visible, the reflectance of light varies greatly depending on the surface color of the gutter, and it may become impossible to determine the desensitization rate depending on the degree to which the gutter surface is exposed. There has been a problem in that the detection accuracy of the desexing rate cannot be improved for various reasons, such as the fact that even if the layer is too thick, the light reception level may differ due to the difference in layer thickness.

The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned problem by taking into account information about the difference in color between brown rice and paddy.

[Means to solve the problem]

For this reason, the grain desexing rate detection device of the present invention includes a color imaging means for photographing the mixed rice of brown rice and paddy passing through a detection gutter to obtain color image information, and a red component and a green component from the color image information. a separating means for separating the color signals of the blue component and each color signal of the blue component, a color component calculating means for calculating the ratio of the three color components from the color signal obtained by the separating means, and a color component calculating means for calculating the ratio of the three color components from the color signal obtained by the calculating means. The present invention is characterized by comprising a desexing rate calculation means for calculating a desexing rate.

[Action/effect of the invention]

In the present invention, since mixed rice is imaged by a color imaging means, the obtained image information includes color information, that is, information regarding hue and information regarding brightness.
Compared to the conventional method, which simply measures the received level of reflected light and distinguishes between brown rice and paddy by whether or not it exceeds a certain threshold, the amount of information is large, and it is possible to distinguish between brown rice and paddy in mixed rice. It is also possible to distinguish between the background color and other background colors.

Then, among the color image information obtained by photographing the mixed rice with a color imaging means, information of red, green, and blue color signals is used to separate each color component and calculate the ratio thereof. Since the difference between brown rice and paddy is determined by this method, it is possible to obtain more accurate information for distinguishing between brown rice and paddy than the conventional single information of the received level of reflected light, and to obtain accurate desexing rate. This has the effect of making it possible to detect.

〔Example〕

The following describes the drawings in which the embodiment of the present invention is applied to a rice hulling sorting device. The entire structure includes a huller 2 and a rotary sorting mechanism 3 mounted on the upper right side of the wind sorting mechanism 1.

The hulling machine 2 includes a case 4 with a paddy supply hopper 5, a pair of left and right stripping rolls 6.7 provided in the case 4, a manually opened/closed shutter 8, and a paddy supply amount adjustment valve 9. Both the shedding rolls 6.7 are rotationally driven by a shedding motor 10 provided inside the wind selection mechanism 1, and one of the shedding rolls 6 is of a fixed position type, while the other shedding roll 6 is of a fixed position type. The gap adjustment mechanism 1 is driven by an actuator 11.
The paddy supply amount regulating valve 9 is configured to be opened and closed by an actuator 13.

In this case, the dehulling motor 10 for both the deculling rolls 6.7 is provided with an ammeter 14 for detecting its load current, and the paddy supply amount control valve 9 is provided with an ammeter 14 for detecting its opening position. A positioner 15 is provided on each of the release rolls 6.7, and an unfolding mechanism (not shown) is provided on each of the release rolls 6.7 to open the gap in priority over the gap adjustment mechanism 12 in an emergency. ing.

The air selection mechanism 1 includes a pressure fan 16 that sucks the atmosphere;
It consists of a dust removal fan 17, a wind selection section 18 for fallen rice and a wind selection section 19 for brown rice, which are provided between the two fans 16 and 17.
The wind-selecting section 18 for wind-selected rice is located almost directly below the huller 2, and wind-sorts the chaff from the shredded rice after it has been dehulled.The wind-selected brown rice and paddy are mixed together. Suriroshi rice, which is mixed rice, is sent to the rotary sorting mechanism 3 by a bucket conveyor 22 from a surorachi rice gutter 20 with a spiral conveyor 21.

Further, the brown rice wind sorting section 19 includes the rotary sorting mechanism 3.
The selected brown rice is further subjected to finishing wind selection, and the finished brown rice after wind selection is taken out of the machine by a bucket conveyor 24 from a brown rice gutter 23 with a spiral conveyor.

Each of the spiral conveyors 21 and bucket conveyors 22.2
4 and both fans 16 and 17 are equipped with the deweighing roll 6.
Power is transmitted from 7.

On the other hand, the rotary sorting mechanism 3 includes rotary sorting cylinders 27 horizontally installed in upper and lower stages in the box-shaped case 26, and both sorting cylinders 27 are installed horizontally in the box-shaped case 26. Each of the sorting cylinders 27 is rotatably supported by a rotor 29 attached to a shaft 28, and by driving the shaft 28 via a motor and a continuously variable transmission mechanism 30, both sorting cylinders 27 are rotated in a fixed direction. Configure.

The two sorting cylinders 27 have one end farther from the huller 2 on the supply side 27a and the other end closer to the huller 1a2 on the discharge side 27b.
, and a large number of recesses 31 each having a size large enough to fit brown rice are formed on the inner surface of each of the recesses 31 .

Furthermore, a brown rice receiving trough 32 with a spiral conveyor is provided in each of the sorting cylinders 27, and the brown rice receiving trough 32 is provided with a spiral conveyor.
A dropped rice receiving trough 33 with a spiral conveyor is installed adjacent to the trough.

The fallen rice sent from the bucket conveyor 22 is
Approximately equal amounts of brown rice enter the two-sided rice receiving trough 33 through the chute 34, and are supplied to the supply side 27a in the sorting cylinder 27 through the two suri-suri fallen rice receiving troughs 33, while the two brown rice receiving troughs 3
The brown rice that has entered the chamber 2 is configured to join a chute 35 and then fall into the brown rice screening section 19.

Further, the discharge side 27b of both sorting cylinders 27 is provided with a plurality of paddy scraping blades 36 on its inner surface, and a paddy return chute 37 is provided between the paddy supply hopper 5 in the huller 2 and the paddy return chute 37.
is mounted thereon, and is configured to return paddy to the paddy supply hopper 5.

In this case, there is no place for the fallen rice (mixed rice) to be removed from the fallen rice wind sorter 18 or during the fallen rice conveyance route from the fallen rice wind sorter 18 to the rotary sorting mechanism 3. A color imaging means 39, which will be described in detail later, is provided for detecting the sex rate.

For example, a branch pipe-shaped detection gutter 40 with a shutter is provided from the bucket conveyor 22 to the shade 34, and an opening 41 on the upper surface of the detection gutter 40 has a strobe light emitter attached to the cover 42. 43 and a color imaging means 39 are arranged downward, and the fallen rice (mixed rice) flowing down the branch pipe 40 is photographed in synchronization with the intermittent light emission of the strobe light emitter 43, and the detection gutter 4o The fallen rice inside returns to an appropriate position in the chute 34.

Reference numeral 38 separates the image information photographed by the color imaging means (color video device, etc.) 39 into three color signals: a red signal (R), a green signal (G), and a blue signal (B). Calculate the ratio of the color signal (that is, the ratio of color components), and use a predetermined calculation to detect the shedding rate from this color component ratio, and determine whether or not it is approximately equal to a preset target shedding rate from the result. This is an electronic control device for appropriately operating the actuator 11 for the gap adjustment mechanism so that the gaps are equalized.

The color imaging means 39 includes a color television camera, a one-dimensional image sensor or a two-dimensional image sensor using a solid-state image sensor, and the two-dimensional image sensor of the solid-state image sensor includes MOS type, CID type, PC whose scanning method is XY address method
There are D type, CCD type, BBD type, which are charge transfer type, and CPD type, which is hybrid type, and mosaic color filters are arranged on the surface side of each photosensitive part in these solid-state image sensors. It is designed for color use.

Although the fallen rice on the detection tank 40 is flowing down and moving, it can be captured in the imaging range of the color imaging means 39 by imaging in synchronization with the very short time when the strobe light emitter 43 emits light. It is possible to obtain color image information of the incoming fallen rice in a substantially stopped state.

As an example, when an area sensor made of a solid-state image sensor is used as the color imaging means 39, the number of pixels thereof is 256x256.

The above-mentioned fallen rice (
It is assumed that the total number of mixed rice) is less than the total number of pixels. For example, 8×8 in the color imaging means 39
It is assumed that a single grain of brown rice or paddy can be photographed with a group of pixels.

Reference numeral 45 denotes a decoder based on the NTSC system or the like, which constitutes separation means for separating the video signal of the color image information obtained by the color imaging means 39 into output signals of a luminance signal and a color signal for each pixel. After the color signals of the color components thus separated are converted into digital signals by the A/D converter 46, the information of the three color signals for one screen is temporarily stored in the image memory 47.

Next, based on the information from the image memory 47, the ratio of the three color components is calculated by a color component calculation circuit 48, which is a color component calculation means.

In this case, a red signal (R) and a green signal (G
) and the blue signal (B), the sum of the three color signal components is 10
The ratio of each color component when it is set to 0 is calculated, and the ratio of each color component is stored in the memory 49, which is a means.

Next, the de-sexing rate calculation circuit 50, which is a de-sexing rate calculation means, takes out the information ↑ and a stored in the memory 49, distinguishes the mixed rice into brown rice and paddy, and de-sexes the rice. Rate [(Number of brown rice counted/Number of mixed rice counted)X1
00%).

In this case, without actually counting the number of brown rice and the number of mixed rice (= number of brown rice + number of paddy) within the imaging range (within the inspection area) of the color imaging means 39 on the detection tank 40, an appropriate number of pixels can be used. For example, the calculation is performed for each group based on the assumption that the 8×8 pixels are one grain of brown rice or paddy.

That is, based on the ratio of the three color components for each pixel calculated by the color component calculation circuit 48, the red signal (R) is calculated for each 8×8 pixel, that is, for 64 pixels.
Let the ratio of color components be S (Ri).

The ratio of the color components of the green signal (G) is calculated as S (Gi), and the ratio of the color components of the blue signal (B) is calculated as S (Bi), and then, each section of the 8×8 pixels is brown rice. Determine whether it is rice or paddy.

The following is used as this discriminant.

S (Ri) #S (Gi) and S (R4)
>S (Bi) and S (Gi) >S (Bi), it is paddy.

S (Gi) > S (Ri), and S (Gi)
>S (old) means brown rice.

The number Nm of paddy and the number Ng of brown rice obtained in this way are counted, and a calculation of (Ng/(Nm+Ng))x l OO%=removal rate is executed.

In addition, the code 51 is the desexualization rate (Dk) of the calculated result.
52 is a desexualization rate setting device, 53 is an interface, 54 is a synchronization circuit for causing the strobe light emitter 43 to emit light in synchronization with the photographing operation of the color imaging means 39, and 55 is the central control unit.

If the desexualization rate (Dk) as a result of this calculation is approximately equal to the target desexualization rate (Dm) set in advance by the desexualization rate setting device 52,
The gap between the stripping rolls 6.7 is left as is, and the stripping rate (
When Dk) is smaller than the target debonding rate (Dm), the actuator 11 of the gap adjustment mechanism 12 is operated in the direction of narrowing the gap between the bipolar rolls 6.7.

Also, contrary to the above, the desexualization rate (D k) is the target desexualization rate (Dm
), when the gap is too large, the actuator 1 of the gap adjustment mechanism 12 is moved in the direction of widening the gap between both the culling rolls 6 and 7.
1 is activated.

The surface of the detection gutter 40 (through which the mixed rice passes) is made black so that there is a clear difference in the brightness of the reflected light between the area where the grains are and the area where the gutter surface is exposed. Using the luminance signal obtained by the decoder 45, the binarization means specifies the area in which mixed rice (dropped rice) is present among the areas photographed by the color imaging means 39. The above color line segment calculation and escape for pixels in the area! 7 operations may be executed.

Further, the image information for one screen obtained by the color imaging means 39 is temporarily stored in the frame memory in 1. T! It may also be configured such that information is sent to the decoder 45 for color separation.

As described above, in the present invention, the color image t? obtained by photographing the mixed rice using the color imaging means. 2. Among the reports, the difference between brown rice and paddy is determined by using the information of red, green, and blue colors (No. 3), separating each color component, and calculating the ratio. Compared to simply measuring the received level of reflected light and determining whether it exceeds a certain threshold to distinguish between brown rice and paddy, this method provides a large amount of information (and allows for accurate discrimination). be.

Note that by utilizing the discrimination of the ratio of the color components of these three colors, it is also possible to identify and detect brown rice, green rice, and paddy.

The electronic control device 38 controls the ambidextrous roll 6.7.
The gap is operated at a setting value where the load current of the desensitization motor 10 is suitably smaller than the limit current of the desensitizer motor 10, and when the load current reaches the limit current, the gap is closed by the double roll 6.7. It can be controlled to prohibit operation in the direction.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show embodiments of the present invention, and FIG. 1 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional front view of a huller, FIG. 2 is a dark blue sectional pressure surface view of a huller removal and sorting device, FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the detected seed section, and FIG. 4 FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a desexualization rate detection control means. 2... Husker, 5... Paddy supply hopper, 6,7
... De-sexing roll, 10... De-sexing motor, 11.
... Actuator, 12 ... Gap adjustment mechanism, 38
...Control device, 39...Color imaging means, 40
...Detection gutter, 43...Strobe light emitter, 45.
...Decoder, 46...A/D converter, 17...
...Image memory, 48...Color component calculation circuit, 49.
... Memory, 50 ... Desexualization rate calculation circuit, 51 ...
...Indicator, 55...Central control device. Patent applicant Yanmar Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd.

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) A color imaging means that obtains color image information by photographing the mixed rice of brown rice and paddy passing through a detection gutter, and separates the color image information into each color signal of a red component, a green component, and a blue component. Separation means, color component calculation means for calculating the ratio of three color components from the color signal obtained by the separation means, and removal rate calculation means for calculating the removal rate from the ratio of the color components obtained by the calculation means. Demolition of grains characterized by having
rate detection device.