JPH02201284A - Transmitting-receiving apparatus for velocity measuring system - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To calculate an absolute velocity and/or distance from the surface of the seabed in four directions and to make an apparatus simple and small by discriminating and leading out the respective reception signals of beams in said four directions in a signal processing system. CONSTITUTION:A transmitting-receiving unit 40 is formed in one body, e.g. in one casing. Ultrasonic pulses of four beams are emitted simultaneously at a prescribed angle of depression and signals SRa and SRb, and SRc and SRd, of the directions of reception of port and starboard directions of a ship and bow and stern directions thereof are obtained at the time of reception. The signals SRa and SRb, and SRc and SRd, of the directions of reception led out herein are formed into digital signals, for instance. Thereafter they are subjected to signal processing in a microcomputer or the like in a signal processing section 44 to calculate an absolute velocity and/or distance etc. from the bottom of the ship to the surface of the seabed, and then they are indicated by numerals in an indicator or the like. e.g. a counter.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a wave transmitting/receiving device for a speed measuring system that is used in ships and the like and utilizes the Doppler effect. And a transducer with an integrally arranged input (transmission, reception) element (hereinafter, the radiation and input element for ultrasonic pulses is simply referred to as an element) is installed on the outer bottom surface of a ship, etc. (hereinafter simply referred to as an element). In cooperation with the signal processing system, the ultrasonic pulses formed into main radiation in four directions (hereinafter referred to as beams) are first transmitted into the sea. After that, each ultrasonic pulse is reflected from the seabed surface, etc., and received signals in each of the four beam directions are determined from the ultrasonic pulses incident with a Doppler frequency deviation. By deriving them separately, it becomes possible to calculate the absolute speed and/or distance to the seabed, etc. in four directions, and at the same time, the configuration can be simplified and downsized, and the speed that increases the degree of freedom of placement on the bottom of the ship, etc. The present invention relates to a wave transmitting/receiving device for a measurement system.

[Background of the Invention] In recent years, ground speed measurement systems that calculate and display absolute speed and/or distance relative to the seabed, etc., are often used in ships and the like.

The ground speed measurement system first forms ultrasonic waves (high frequency signals) with a frequency of 125 KHz into pulsed signals at predetermined intervals, in cooperation with a wave transmitting/receiving unit fixed to the bottom of the ship and a signal processing system. and amplified to a peak power of 6K
It is emitted into the sea as an ultrasonic pulse formed in W or the like at a predetermined depression angle, for example, 60°. Then, the ultrasonic pulse is reflected by the seabed surface, etc., and the reflected ultrasonic pulse is made to enter the wave transmitting/receiving section. The ultrasonic pulse incident from the wave transmitting/receiving section is then derived as a received signal with a Doppler frequency deviation. From the received signal derived in this way, the absolute velocity and/or distance to the seabed surface is calculated and displayed.

Such a speed measuring system is called, for example, Doppler Tuna or Doppler Log. In a speed measuring system of this kind that is actually in operation, for example, separate wave transmitting and receiving sections are attached to the bottom of the ship near the bow of the ship, each of which individually radiates four beams of ultrasonic pulses.

This is to compensate the absolute speed for the ship's motion,
For example, four beams of ultrasonic pulses are emitted in the bow, stern, port, and starboard directions, and when the ultrasonic pulses are reflected, the received signals obtained from the incident ultrasonic pulses are used to form an arithmetic mean ring. This is based on the reason that relatively accurate absolute speed and/or distance, etc. can be calculated by doing so.

The above-mentioned wave transmitting/receiving section has four sections in the bow, stern, port, and starboard directions.
A dedicated wave transmitting/receiving section for emitting and injecting the ultrasonic pulse of the beam, that is, four wave transmitting/receiving sections were installed separately and used, but now a wave transmitting/receiving section with an even simpler configuration has been used. An example of such a system being adopted is the wave transmitting/receiving device for a speed measurement system proposed by the applicant in Japanese Patent Publication No. 63-48319.

FIG. 1 shows an outline of the wave transmitting/receiving device for the speed measuring system. In this example, the elements Ll through. are connected to a phase line (not shown) and arranged on a straight line, and arranged so that a beam generated by the arrangement of the elements or wrinkles is generated in the bow and stern directions, and a phase inverter. 4a and 4b, transmission/reception switching means 6a and 6b for deriving a reception signal by inputting an ultrasonic pulse from the wave transmitting/receiving unit 2 and further supplying the ultrasonic pulse signal Pw to the wave transmitting/receiving unit 2, a predetermined width and a sharp edge. High frequency power generation means 8, λ/4 (π/2 phase) phase advancer 12, λ/4 phase lag unit 14, adders 16 and 18 for generating an ultrasonic pulse signal Pw formed to the initial value power. have.

In this configuration, as shown in FIG.
, L2, L3...The distance d between L is half a wavelength (λ/2
) as elements L1, L2, L3...L,.

When these are alternately excited with opposite phases, the directivity of the ultrasonic pulse A appearing in the visible region is formed at 60°. and,
During transmission, as shown in FIG. 3A, beams are formed at intervals of 60° on straight lines in the bow and stern directions with the normal line in between. On the other hand, during reception, after the ultrasonic pulse reflected with the same beam direction as that during transmission is made to enter the wave transmitter/receiver section 2, the signals S and S2 derived from the transmitter/receiver switching means 6a and 6b are transmitted. π/2 on the right of the λ/4 phase advancer 12 and the λ/4 phase lag shifter 14, respectively.
Performs phase leading and lagging signal processing. And adder 1
6 and 18, the ultrasonic pulses incident in the bow and stern directions with a distance of 30° from the normal line become received signals EP and EA, respectively, as shown in FIG. 3B and C. Derived separately.

The received signals Ep and EA are, for example, formed into digital signals, and then subjected to signal processing using a microprocessor or the like to calculate the absolute speed and/or distance from the bottom of the ship to the seabed surface, etc. It is displayed as a number on a display, such as a counter.

When such an example shown in FIG. 1 is put into practice,
An ultrasonic pulse A formed into four beams is emitted in the bow, stern direction, port side, and starboard side, and the addition rate is equal from the received signals Ep and EA obtained from the ultrasonic pulse that is incident after being reflected. The absolute speed and/or distance to the seabed surface is calculated using this information, and errors caused by the rocking of the ship are corrected based on this. Therefore,
As shown in FIG. 2, two sets of wave transmitting/receiving sections 2 are constructed, for example, with a predetermined angle of depression, and so that beams are formed in the bow and stern directions, and in the port and starboard directions. It is necessary to arrange two sets of wave transmitting/receiving sections 2 configured as shown in FIG. In addition, this requires the installation of a corresponding number of power supply lines, and an improvement in this process, which is relatively complicated, has been desired.

[Objective of the Invention] The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned points, and is based on a wave transmitting/receiving section in which a plurality of elements are arranged in an integral shape so as to form beams in four directions. It is installed on the bottom of the ship, etc., and in cooperation with the wave transmitting/receiving section and the signal processing system,
First, ultrasonic pulses formed into four beams are simultaneously emitted from the transmitter/receiver section to the lower part of the ocean, etc., and then each ultrasonic pulse is reflected on the ocean floor, etc., and there, with a Doppler frequency deviation, the ultrasonic pulses are Ultrasonic pulses incident on the wave transmitting/receiving section are formed into a received signal and supplied to a signal processing system.

Furthermore, by discriminating and deriving the received signals of each of the four direction beams in the signal processing system, it is possible to calculate the absolute velocity and/or distance to the seabed in the four directions, and the configuration can be simplified. and to provide a wave transmitting/receiving device for a speed measurement system in which the purpose of miniaturization is achieved, and the arrangement of the wave transmitting/receiving unit on the bottom of a ship is relatively free of restrictions, that is, the degree of freedom of arrangement on the bottom of the ship, etc. is improved. With the goal.

[Means for Achieving the Object] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention emits ultrasonic pulses in four directions from a moving object and emits Doppler beams from a substantial target that reflects the respective ultrasonic pulses. A wave transmitting/receiving device for a speed measurement system that causes an ultrasonic pulse reflected with a frequency deviation to be incident and derives a signal indicating the absolute speed and/or distance between the moving body and the target object from the received signal obtained. , a high-frequency power generating means for generating the ultrasonic pulse signal; and a high-frequency power generating means that is supplied with the ultrasonic pulse signal and simultaneously radiates ultrasonic pulses having substantially equal depression angles in at least front and rear and left and right directions at the time of transmission in four directions; A transducer including a plurality of elements arranged to make the four-directional ultrasonic pulses reflected on the target object enter at the time of reception and a phase line connecting the plurality of elements; received signal discriminating means for generating and deriving a signal indicating one of the desired directions among the front-rear direction and left-right direction using a received signal generated from an ultrasonic pulse incident on the device; The ultrasonic pulse signal may be supplied to the transducer, and at the time of reception, the received signal may be supplied to the received signal discrimination means.

[Embodiment] Next, a preferred embodiment of the wave transmitting/receiving device for a speed measurement system according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In order to avoid clutter in the text, the same components will be given the same reference numerals, and duplicate explanations will be omitted.

In the example shown in FIG. 4, ultrasonic pulses are emitted in four directions, for example, port, starboard, bow, and stern directions;
and transmits an ultrasonic pulse signal P formed to have a predetermined pulse width and peak power to the wave transmitting/receiving unit 40, and transmitting the ultrasonic pulse signal P formed to have a predetermined pulse width and peak power to the wave transmitting/receiving unit 40, and further It is generally comprised of a signal processing system 44 that performs discrimination processing corresponding to four beams from received signals S to S8 obtained from ultrasonic pulses incident on the wave transmitting/receiving section 40, respectively.

First, the wave transmitting/receiving section 40 will be explained. In the wave transmitting/receiving section 40, each of the elements a to d has an interval of λ in the column and row directions.
/R apart from each other.

Therefore, the elements a to d are spaced apart by 1λ between the diagonals. Note that λ is one wavelength of the ultrasonic pulse signal Ps.

The elements a to d are connected to a phase line (Phas
e Line) F La s F Lb and FLc
and FL, as shown in the figure, are formed and connected in a so-called phased array type. (indicated by @ to ■). The details of the actual configuration are omitted here to avoid complexity, but for example, elements a to d are arranged in 16 rows in the beam direction, and in one row in the direction perpendicular to the beam.
256 elements arranged in 6 columns are used, and corresponding elements a to d are weighted to suppress side lobes. One line -aj of the phase line FL is connected to one end of the phase inverter 52, that is, the element connection side, and one line -bj of the phase line FL is connected to one end of the phase inverter 54. There is. Further, one line -cj of the phase line FLc is connected to one end of the phase inverter 56, and one line -dj of the phase line FL is connected to one end of the phase inverter 58. and the other ends of phase inverters 52.54 and 56.58, i.e.
The input end of the ultrasonic pulse signal P during transmission, and the derivation side of the signal during reception are the phase lines FL,
.

The other lines +a j, +b j and +c j, +a j of FLb are connected. With this configuration, phase inverters 52.54 and 56.5
8 are connected to the feed lines, Lb and Lc, L, +. The feeder lines, , Lb and Lc
, Ld are, for example, coaxial cables 62 or the like,
It is connected to a signal processing system 44 installed at a required location inside the ship.

Next, the signal processing system 44 will be explained. The signal processing system 44
A power supply line Lb is connected to a first end of a transmission/reception switching means 66 using, for example, a coaxial relay semiconductor switch, and a power supply line Lb is connected to a first end of a transmission/reception switching means 68. Further, the power supply line Lc is connected to a first end of the transmission/reception switching means 70, and the power supply line Lc is connected to a first end of the transmission/reception switching means 72, respectively.

On the other hand, an ultrasonic pulse signal P is generated in a pulse shape with a predetermined peak power from the high frequency power generating means 74 at the second end of each of the transmission/reception switching means 66.68 and 70.72.
, is supplied. Next, the third ends of the transmission/reception switching means 66, 68 and 70, 72 are connected to the received signal discriminator 80, respectively.

The received signal discriminator 80 includes phase inverters 82 and 84 and adders 8G, 88 and 92.94.

The third end of the transmission/reception switching means 66 and the phase inverter 82
and an adder 94 are connected. Further, the third end of the transmission/reception switching means 68 and adders 88 and 92 are connected,
A fourth end of the transmission/reception switching means 70 is connected to a phase inverter 84 and an adder 88. Next, the third end of the transmission/reception switching means 72 is connected to adders 86 and 94.

Adder 86 is connected to adders 95 and 96, and adder 88 is connected to λ/4 phase advancer 97a and λ/4 phase delayer 97b. Furthermore, the output terminals of the λ/4 phase advancer 97a and the λ/4 phase lag shifter 97b are connected to adders 95 and 96, respectively. Adder 92 and adders 98 and 99
, and the output terminals of adder 94, λ/4 phase advancer 100a, and λ/4 phase lag unit 100b are connected to adders 98 and 99, respectively.

Adders 95.96 and 98.9 connected in this way
9, reception direction signals S□, 5ilb and SRCsSlid corresponding to port, starboard, bow and stern directions are derived.

The wave transmitting/receiving device for a speed measurement system according to this embodiment is constructed as described above, and its operation and effects will be explained next.

Here, in order to facilitate understanding of the operation of the wave transmitting/receiving device for the speed measuring system, the principle will be explained.

The transmitter/receiver for the speed measuring system uses a reception direction signal 5 for calculating absolute speed and/or distance to the seafloor in four directions based on the Doppler frequency deviation.
la) Sub and 5RCs Sad are derived, but the above calculation is based on the frequency (fo) of the ultrasonic pulse emitted from the wave transmitting/receiving unit 40, and the frequency (fo) of the ultrasonic pulse reflected from the seafloor surface and making it enter the wave transmitting/receiving unit 40 again. frequency (f
b), etc., can be calculated using well-known formulas, and therefore, detailed explanation is not necessary.

Here, some elements a of the wave transmitting/receiving section 40 in FIG.
The arrangement of b, c, and d is shown in FIG. The wave transmitting/receiving section 40 is known as an equal amplitude excitation linear phased array type in which each element a, b1c, d is excited with a constant amplitude and in common phase and antiphase, and the wave transmitting/receiving section 40 is of an equal amplitude excitation linear phased array type in which each element a, b1c, d is excited between each element a, b, c, and d. phase difference δ
, the directivity R(θ) is expressed as follows, where λ is the wavelength and d is the element spacing.

However, φ=2π/λ・d−sinθ−δ...(2
) The principle shown in this way is for each element a, bSc.

This forms a so-called phased array in which the main beam direction can be changed by changing the excitation phase difference δ of d.

Further, a beam having an angle of depression of 60° is incident on the wave transmitting/receiving unit 40, and the formation of the angle of depression of 60° will be explained here. An ultrasonic pulse of a sinusoidal plane wave is applied to n elements a1b and cSd arranged on a straight line at an angle θ with respect to the vertical line.
Suppose that it is incident at Taking the 0th element R0 as a reference, m
The received signal of the th element R1 is that the ultrasonic pulse is at a distance of 1,
= Delayed by the time required to advance by mdcosθ.

That is, it can be seen that the phase delay for an ultrasonic pulse of wavelength λ at frequency ω=2πf may be set to λ/2.

Also, by substituting the above relationship into the equation, we get: Here, if we express the phase delay between adjacent elements in radians, we get: (1).

Therefore, in order to generate a plane wave in the 60° direction with a phase difference of π/2, the spacing between elements a, b, c, and d is as follows, which is not affected by the speed of sound.

Furthermore, each of the above elements a to d and the phase line F
As an example of forming a specific main beam direction and depression angle by arranging L, FL, +, for example, the contents published in Chapter 5 "Array Antennas" of the Antenna Engineering Handbook published by Ohm Publishing and edited by the Institute of Electronics and Communication Engineers. By arranging and arranging each element in the transducer according to the above, it is possible to realize a transducer in which a beam is formed in the depression angle and direction required in the present invention, and to put it into actual operation.

Based on this principle, IAI-X
Focusing on the A2 axis, elements 1-2-2 are arranged at 1.lambda. intervals as an array of elements having mutually opposite phases. These mutually opposite phase elements ■-○ to ■ array are first connected to the phase line FL.
The element (2) is connected to the positive phase line of the phase line FLc, and the element (2) is then connected to the opposite phase line of the phase line FLc. And when transmitting, elements ■, ■ and ■
,■ are excited in the same phase. In this case, element @ is connected to the positive phase side line of phase line FL, and element
is connected to the positive phase side line of the phase line FL.

Further, elements ① and ① are connected to the positive phase side lines of phase lines FLC and FL, respectively, so that elements @ to ① are formed in the same phase.

Similarly, a pair of transmission beams are formed in the port and starboard directions XBI and Xl1a axes. Furthermore, similarly in the YAI-YA two-axis, in the element [F]-■-[F] column,
For example, a pair of beams are formed in the bow and stern directions Ym+ -Y@2 axial directions. Therefore, at the time of transmission, as shown in FIG.
Nxl and B, , 2 and also beams BMYI and B in the bow and stern directions. 2 is formed.

Here, the combination and separation of beams in the port and starboard directions, bow and stern directions during reception is performed by signal processing in a received signal discriminator 80 shown in FIG. From the array of elements @-■-■-■ on the X, , -X, , axes, the received signal S8 of element @ and the received signal S of element ■ are inverted in phase by a phase inverter 82 and added in an adder 86, respectively. Then, it is further input to an adder 95. Furthermore, the adder 95 has an adder 88
A signal from the λ/4 advance phaser 97a is inputted as a receiving direction signal S in the port direction. (This is assumed to be a 0-phase signal).

Next, on the XAl/XA two axes, elements ■-○-■ are arranged, and when the signals are added as they are, a positive phase is obtained. However, the received signal 37 and the received signal S8 of elements ■ and ■
The phase is delayed by λ/2 compared to Ss and Ss, and this becomes a π/2 phase delay at an depression angle of 60''. 97b, and is further added in the adder 96 together with the signal from the adder 86. Therefore, the starboard direction reception direction signal Su of π/2 phase is added to the port direction reception direction signal Sla.
It becomes b. In this way, it is possible to separate the reception direction signals S1m and Slb in the port and starboard directions, respectively.

Similarly, Y a r Y! At l a 1m, the phases of the received signal Ss- of element 1 and the received signal S7 of element [F] are inverted by a phase inverter 84 and added by an adder 92 and input to an adder 98 . Furthermore, adder 9
8, the signal from the adder 94 is inputted via the λ/4 phase advancer 100a to derive a reception direction signal 5ilc in the bow direction. Note that the reception direction signal SRC is assumed to have 0 phase.

Next, on the YAI-YA two axes, the received signals S and S of elements @ and ■ are added together in an adder 94, and then passed through a λ/4 phase delayer 100b, and then together with the signal from the adder 92, an adder 99 The receiving direction signal 5lid in the stern direction is delayed by π/2 phase with respect to the receiving direction signal Sue.
is obtained. Thereby, it is possible to separate the receiving direction signals SRc and S□ in the bow and stern directions, respectively.

Figure 7 shows the beam XI%X in the port and starboard directions.
2. Furthermore, a state in which beams Yl and Y2 are formed in the bow and stern directions is shown, and FIG. 8 shows an actual working circuit of the received signal discriminator 80 shown in FIG. 4. In this example, received signals S5 to S are supplied to comparators 102 to 108 via resistors R, , 2a to R108b for obtaining a predetermined driving state. where port, starboard and bow;
Reception direction signals 5laq Sub and S lc% SRd are derived corresponding to the stern direction. Note that the comparator 10
2 to 108 have input polarities as shown;
Signal processing is performed using phase processing similar to that of adders 86 to 94 shown in the figure.

By doing so, the wave transmitting/receiving unit 40 is formed integrally, for example, in a housing, and four beams of ultrasonic pulses are simultaneously emitted with a predetermined angle of depression, and when receiving, the wave transmitting/receiving unit 40 is formed integrally, for example, in a housing, and at the time of reception, it is possible to Also, reception direction signals 5iLa, 5llb and SIC% Sld in the bow and stern directions are generated. The reception direction signal S derived here. 5slb and SllcsSld are, for example, formed into digital signals, and then subjected to signal processing in a microcomputer or the like to calculate the absolute speed and/or distance from the bottom of the ship to the seabed surface. After that, the number is displayed on a display, for example, a counter.

By configuring the transmitter/receiver section in which four beams are emitted simultaneously in this way, the transmitter/receiver is configured in an integrated shape, which reduces the frequency by approximately 20% compared to a 70KHz single-plate element, and also reduces the frequency of the transmitter/receiver of a two-beam phased array type. Compared to the case where two sets of parts are used, the size is reduced to approximately 45%. As a result, for example, on the bottom of a large ship, it is possible to arrange the pipe close to Lp-p (total length)/10, where foam generation (foam formation) is small when the water is shallow.

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, a wave transmitting/receiving section in which a plurality of elements are arranged in an integral shape so as to form beams in four directions is arranged at the bottom of a ship or the like. At the same time, under the cooperation of the wave transmitting/receiving section and the signal processing system, first, the ultrasonic pulses formed into four beams are simultaneously emitted from the wave transmitting/receiving section downward into the sea, etc., and then, Each of the ultrasonic pulses is reflected by the seabed surface, etc., and the ultrasonic pulse is made incident on the wave transmitting/receiving section with a Doppler frequency deviation, and is formed into a received signal and supplied to the signal processing system. Furthermore, by discriminating and deriving the received signals of each of the four direction beams in the signal processing system, it becomes possible to calculate the absolute velocity and/or distance to the seabed in the four directions, and also to simplify the configuration and reduce the size. The purpose of
In other words, the degree of freedom in placement on the bottom of the ship or the like is improved. Thereby, the advantages and effects of Shimokita are further produced.

(2) The wave transmitting/receiving section is integrally formed, for example, housed in a frame, which simplifies the configuration and reduces manufacturing steps.

■ By forming the wave transmitting/receiving section, which is composed of multiple elements, into a single frame, the degree of freedom in arranging the bottom of the ship, etc. is improved.In other words, it is possible to arrange the ship in the optimal position, and to maintain functionality. In other words, the convenience of maintenance and inspection etc. is improved.

(2) The number of coaxial cables from the wave transmitting/receiving section is reduced to, for example, one, which simplifies the installation of the coaxial cable to the signal processing system within a ship, which is relatively far away.

Although the present invention has been described above with reference to preferred embodiments, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
Of course, various improvements and changes in design are possible without departing from the gist of the present invention.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of a wave transmitting/receiving device for a speed measurement system according to the prior art; Fig. 2 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the operation of the example shown in Fig. 1; In the explanation of the operation of the example shown in the figure, FIG. 4 is a pattern diagram showing the characteristics of emission and incidence of ultrasonic pulses, FIG. The figure is a partial configuration diagram showing the arrangement of elements in the wave transmitting/receiving section in one embodiment shown in FIG. 4, and FIG. A radiation pattern diagram showing the radiation characteristics of an ultrasonic pulse. FIG. 7 is an incident pattern diagram used to explain the operation of discriminating received signals in four directions from the incidence of an ultrasonic pulse in one embodiment shown in FIG. 4. , FIG. 8 is a circuit configuration diagram showing an actual working circuit of the received signal discriminator shown in FIG. 4. 40... Wave transmitting/receiving unit 44... Signal processing system 5
2.54.56.58...Phase inverter 66.68.7
0.72...Transmission/reception switching means 80...Received signal discriminator 86.88.92.94...Adders a-d...Elements for emitting and injecting ultrasonic pulses@
~ ■... Positive phase excitation element Sla... Reception direction signal in the port direction Sub... Reception direction signal in the starboard direction Sac... Reception direction signal in the bow direction Sad... Reception direction signal in the stern direction FL FLb, FLd...phase line FI
G, 3 B

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) A mobile object emits ultrasonic pulses in four directions, and the ultrasonic pulses reflected from a substantial target with a Doppler frequency deviation are made incident and the resulting reception is achieved. In a wave transmitting/receiving device for a speed measurement system that derives a signal indicating the absolute speed and/or distance between the moving object and the target object from the signal,
a high-frequency power generating means for generating the ultrasonic pulse signal; and a high-frequency power generating means that is supplied with the ultrasonic pulse signal and simultaneously radiates ultrasonic pulses having substantially equal depression angles in at least front and rear and left and right directions in four directions when transmitting, and when receiving the ultrasonic pulse signal. a transducer in which a plurality of elements are arranged to allow the four-directional ultrasonic pulses reflected by the target to be incident thereon, and a phase line is formed to connect the plurality of elements;
Received signal discriminating means for generating and deriving a signal indicating one of the desired directions in the front-rear direction and left-right direction using the received signal generated from the ultrasonic pulses incident on the transducer; , switching means for supplying the ultrasonic pulse signal to the transducer during transmission and supplying the received signal to the received signal discriminating means during reception. Transmitter/receiver for measurement system.