JPH0220511B2 - - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a multi-stage storage device for bogies such as cargo trolleys and container trolleys. Cargo carts and container carts that can freely turn and move forward and backward on guide rails can be efficiently stored in multiple stages in a storage space with limited loading platform width and loading platform height in this type of cargo room, and further, By making it possible to freely move forward and backward on the guide rail provided in the cargo compartment, it is possible to accurately load, store, and unload cargo trucks and container trucks into this type of cargo compartment, which has the same entrance and exit. This is what I did.

(Prior Art) Conventionally, when transporting cargo using a cargo truck, the cargo truck is loaded into a box-frame cargo compartment, or
By loading and unloading, it is convenient to collect and transport cargo on each cargo trolley.

In this case, the bottom of the cargo truck is usually combined with a rotatable caster wheel and a rotatable fixed wheel, or a rotatable caster wheel or a non-swivelable rotary wheel is attached to the bottom of the truck. The truck structure is designed to handle the turning ability of the cargo truck inside and outside the cargo compartment.

In addition, when storing containers in the hold of a cargo plane, the containers are transported on a special trolley, and then transferred to a roller conveyor for loading.

(Problem to be Solved by the Invention) However, when pushing a large number of the above-mentioned cargo carts into the cargo compartment of a cargo truck, the movement of the cargo carts when they are stored in parallel or pulled out is particularly difficult. There is no regularity, and as a result, when a cargo truck is loaded and pushed into the cargo hold, the cargo cart turns randomly in any direction, and the cargo cart hits the inner wall of the cargo hold diagonally and is stopped. Alternatively, the carts may come into contact with each other and be stopped, which may require workers to repeatedly climb into the cargo hold in order to accurately load the cargo carts into the cargo hold, which has a limited loading platform width. I had to sort out the trolleys.

Therefore, as shown in Utility Model Application Publication No. 58-52188,
By providing a guide groove at the bottom of the cargo compartment so that the caster wheels of the cargo truck are guided in a rolling manner along the guide groove, it appears that accuracy during loading of the cargo truck is addressed.

However, when attempting to retreat and pull out the cargo truck once stored, the caster wheels change direction and attempt to turn into a tracking position, but are obstructed by the guide groove and become unable to turn. Alternatively, when turning, the cargo truck may run over the guide groove, collide with an adjacent cargo truck or the inner wall of the cargo compartment, and the cargo truck cannot be smoothly retreated and pulled out.

For this reason, when trying to efficiently store a large number of cargo carts in a cargo room with a limited loading/unloading platform width that shares the same entrance and exit, a simple combination structure of cargo carts with caster wheels and guide grooves cannot be used. Not enough.

In addition, unless the frame is specially constructed so that the height of the cargo basket of the cargo truck reaches all the way to the ceiling of the cargo compartment, the upper half of the cargo compartment will often be left empty, and this will not be possible. The storage efficiency is not sufficient, which impairs the transportation efficiency of cargo trolleys.

This means that when loading containers into the hold of a cargo plane, a container truck with wheels attached to the bottom of the container is used, or as shown in Publication No. 58-40071, the cargo hold or deck of a container ship is used. However, simply making movable container carts stackable in stacks can deal with their own mobility outside the cargo hold, but unless the ceiling of the cargo hold has an open structure during stacking, The container truck cannot be moved back and forth, which makes it inconvenient when the entrance and exit are the same, such as in the cargo hold of a cargo truck or cargo airplane.

In addition, for this type of cargo hold, it must be assumed that cargo carts and container carts with different wheel lengths and platform widths will be loaded together.

(Means for Solving the Problem) Therefore, the present inventor has devised a method for pushing a cargo truck or a container truck into a cargo hold of this kind that has the same entrance/exit, or backing it up and pulling it out. The caster wheel described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 57-4403, or Japanese Patent Application No. 58-69779 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 59-1989), which further improves the caster wheel and reduces the turning radius, relates to the invention.
The caster wheels disclosed in the specifications and drawings of No. 195405) are attached to the bottom of the cargo truck or the bottom of the container truck, allowing the cargo truck or container truck to turn freely in any direction on a trackless track outside the cargo compartment. In addition to being supported on a rail track laid outside the cargo compartment so that it can move forward and backward, the cargo trolley or container trolley can also be mounted on a cargo truck or in the cargo compartment of a cargo plane. By moving forward and backward on the guide rails laid in the storage space, it is possible to load and unload accurately, and the upper half of the cargo compartment can also be loaded with cargo carts and container carts in multiple stages. It provided a multi-level storage system for several types of trolleys that could be loaded and unloaded.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Several embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

(First Embodiment) First, in FIGS. 1 and 2 showing a first embodiment in which a large number of cargo carts D are stored in parallel in multiple stages on a cargo truck, 1 indicates a box frame on the loading platform 3 of the cargo truck. This is a cargo storage with a frame structure, and usually an opening/closing door 15 is provided at the rear of the cargo storage 1. Reference numeral 2 denotes a cargo compartment, in which the cargo cart D is loaded or unloaded from the rear of the truck platform 3 by opening and closing the opening/closing door 15.

A guide rail 4 is formed on the floor of the truck bed 3 and has a cross-sectional structure shown in FIGS.

In the case of Figure a, relatively wide concave rails 5 and relatively narrow convex rails 6 are alternately formed over the entire surface of the truck loading platform 3 at a required interval, and are also used as a floor. It has a rail structure.

In addition, in the case of Figure b, there is a concave rail 5 in the center.
has a multi-row rail structure with convex rails 6 formed on both left and right sides.

Also, in the case of figure c, contrary to the case of figure a,
A floor-cum-rail structure is formed in which relatively narrow concave rails 5 and relatively wide convex rails are alternately formed over the entire surface of the truck loading platform 3 at required intervals.

Reference numeral 7 denotes an upper floor which is pivotally installed in an upward-opening structure, and its base end is supported by hinges 8 on the left and right inner walls of the cargo hold 1 so that the upper floor 7 can be raised and lowered. Stand up on the left and right inner walls of the upper half,
It is laid down horizontally to form a partition in the cargo compartment 2.

Guide rails 4 similar to those shown in FIGS. 3a to 3c are also formed on this upper floor 7.

Reference numerals 9 and 10 are latch claws and latch parts that hold the upper floor 7 upright on the left and right inner wall surfaces of the cargo storage 1;
When a hook 9 is protruded from the tip of the cargo hold 1, a hook 10 is formed on the upper part of the inner wall of the cargo storage 1.

Reference numeral 11 denotes the loading platform of the cargo truck D, and on the upper part there is a support frame 12 configured in the shape of a box frame.
and a net 16 stretched over the support frame.

C is a caster wheel attached to the bottom of the loading platform 11, which is disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 57-4403, which is my prior invention.
Patent application filed in 1982- which has a structure equipped with the caster wheels disclosed in the publication, or which has improved it.
Figure 4 a~ disclosed in the specification and drawings of No. 69779
Attach one of the caster wheels C having the structure shown in d.

The basic structure of the caster wheels C is the cargo truck D.
A wheel holder 14 is rotatably supported on a mounting board 13, and a first wheel X and a second wheel Y are distributed and supported at the front and rear of the wheel holder 14, and the left and right sides of the first wheel is provided with an inclined wheel portion 17 that rolls while being mounted on and supported by the convex rail 6 of the guide rail 4 laid on the truck bed 3 or the upper floor 7, and the center portion of the first wheel An outer ring portion 18 is provided which is fitted into the concave rail 5 of the guide rail 4 in a slightly floating state and has a tire function that is installed and rolled on a trackless surface. Further, on the left and right sides of the second wheel Y, similarly to the inclined wheel portions 17 of the first wheel X, inclined wheel portions 19 that are mounted and supported on the convex rails 6 of the guide rail 4 and roll are provided. There is.

By attaching the caster wheels C disclosed in JP-A No. 57-4403 to the bottom of the loading platform 11 of the cargo truck D, the cargo truck D is stably supported on the guide rail 4 and moves forward and backward. Functions freely while driving.

Further, an annular recess 20 is formed in the center of the second wheel Y corresponding to the central outer ring part 18 of the first wheel X, and the central outer ring part 18 of the first wheel X is loosely fitted into the annular recess 20 and supported. In this way, the first wheel X and the second wheel Y are configured to partially overlap when viewed from the side.

When the caster wheel C having such a configuration is attached to the cargo truck D, the axes of the first wheel X and the second wheel Y are By narrowing the distance between the two wheels, the size of the wheels can be reduced, and the turning radius of the caster wheels C when turning can be reduced.

Therefore, in the present application, a case is shown in which the latter improved type of caster wheels C are attached and fixed to a cargo truck D.

21 and 22 are connectors formed at the front and rear of the loading platform 11 of the cargo truck D, one of which is a female type 21 and the other is a male type 22.

(Function) Thus, the cargo trucks D gathered on the platform 23 of the truck terminal are transferred to the cargo truck T.
Open the door 15 at the rear of the cargo hold 1 at
A plurality of cargo carts D are pushed one after the other to either the left or right side of the cargo room 2, which has a limited cargo bed width, to be loaded.Similarly, a plurality of cargo carts D are also pushed one after another into the other side of the truck cargo bed 3. and loaded. That is, when the cargo truck D is mounted on the truck with its caster wheels C facing the guide rails 4 of the truck loading platform 3 and pushed forward, the inclined wheels on both the left and right sides of the first wheel X and the second wheel Y Part 17, 19
is supported on the convex rail 6 of the guide rail 4 and rolls, and the outer ring portion 18 of the first wheel X fits between the concave rails 5 of the guide rail 4 and floats slightly. While maintaining the tracking type, it travels forward while idling and is then stored.

Conversely, when pulling out and unloading the stored cargo truck D, the wheel holder 14 of the caster wheel C is restricted from turning on the guide rail 4, and the first wheel X and the second wheel Y are Guide rail 4
The outer ring portion 18 of the first wheel X moves backward while being supported on the guide rail 4.
The truck D is fitted into the concave rail 5 and reversed in the tracking position, thereby pulling out the cargo truck D from the cargo compartment 2. Next, when storing the cargo cart D on the upper floor 7 of the cargo compartment 2, the upper floor 7 is folded down and partitioned into a horizontal state, and the lower surface is used to store the cargo basket B in the cargo cart D on the lower side. The cargo truck D on the platform 23 side is stably supported on the upper edge of the platform 23.
is lifted up to the height of the upper floor 7 by the table lift device 24, and the cargo cart D is pushed into the guide rail 4 of the upper floor 7 in the same manner as described above to be loaded or pulled out to be unloaded. .

As a result, in the cargo compartment 2 of the cargo truck T, which has a limited size, a large number of cargo carts D can not only be stored in a row in the front and rear directions of the truck bed 3, but also can be stored on the left and right sides of the truck bed 3. It is efficiently loaded in parallel at close intervals in the width direction, and the upper floor 7
By stably supporting the bottom surface of the cargo cart B with the cargo basket B of the cargo cart D on the lower side, the cargo cart D can be stored in multiple stages up and down, thereby greatly improving the transportation efficiency of the cargo cart D.

(Second Embodiment) Next, FIGS. 5a and 5b are diagrams showing modifications of the upper floor 7 in the first embodiment, of which FIG.
The upper floor 7 of the second embodiment shown in FIG.
The left and right sides of the wire ropes 25 are suspended from a pulley 26 on a guide rail 4, and the other end of the wire rope 25 is connected to a winding drum 27 by a drive motor 28 or a winding drum. Winding can be performed freely using a winch device consisting of a handle, etc.

In this case, first, the cargo trolley D is supported on the guide rail 4 of the upper floor 7, moved forward, and stored in parallel, and then the upper floor 7 is moved together with the cargo trolley D by the winch device described above. , pull up the cargo compartment 2 to the upper half, then push the cargo trolley D onto the guide rail 4 of the truck loading platform 3 on the lower side and store it.
On top of that, the cargo basket B in the cargo truck D on the lower side
An upper floor 7 loaded with a cargo truck D is stably installed on the upper edge of the floor.

(Third Embodiment) Furthermore, in the case of the third embodiment of the upper floor 7 shown in FIG. The elevating table serves as the upper floor 7.

In this way, if the upper floor 7 is configured to function as a lifting table that can be raised and lowered as in the second and third embodiments, even if there is no special table lift 24 on the platform 23 side, the cargo truck can be D can be stored in multiple stages.

(Fourth Embodiment) In the case of the first to third embodiments described above, the guide rail 4 that supports the cargo truck D on the upper floor 7
However, in the case of the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 6, on the upper ceiling of the cargo basket B of the cargo truck D,
By directly fixing and supporting the guide rails 4 shown in FIGS. 3a to 3c in advance, the cargo carts D on the upper floor are directly stored in multiple stages on the ceiling of the cargo carts D on the lower side.

(Fifth Embodiment) Next, in the case of the fifth embodiment shown in FIG.
0, the upper floor 7 is supported in a tilted state backward, and the rear end of the upper floor 7 is connected to the wire rope 2.
5, pulley 26, winding drum 27, drive motor 28
The cargo truck D can be stored in multiple stages by lifting it using a winch device such as the above.

In this case, the upper floor 7 is placed at the rear end of the upper floor 7.
An extension plate 31, which also serves as a rail when pushing or pulling out the cargo cart 11, is foldably pivoted, and a large number of cargo carts D are pushed into and stored in the upper floor 7 on the upper side, and the above-mentioned winch device is driven to support the upper floor 7 in a horizontal state, store a plurality of cargo carts D in the lower part of the truck loading platform 3, and then fold the extension plate 31 to open and close the rear part of the cargo storage 1 on the cargo truck T. The door 15 can be closed.

(Sixth Embodiment) FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a case where container trolleys K are stored in parallel in multiple stages in the cargo hold 33 of a cargo airplane, and the bottom of the loading platform 34 of the container trolley K is
As in the case described above, caster wheels C having the wheel structure shown in FIGS. 4A to 4D are attached, and a box frame-shaped container 32 is constructed as a frame on the upper part of the container loading platform 34.

In the case of this cargo compartment 33, since its body is circular, a flat fixed floor 35 is provided at the bottom of the cargo compartment 33.
Furthermore, stepped fixed floors 36 are formed at the upper portions of both left and right sides, and these fixed floors 35 and 36 are configured with guide rails 4 that also serve as floors as shown in FIGS. 3a and 3c. There is.

Furthermore, in the case of this container truck K, the ceiling of the container 32 is also provided with uneven floor guide rails 4 as shown in FIGS. 3a and 3c.
As in the case of the fourth embodiment shown in the figure, the upper container truck K is placed directly on the ceiling of the lower container truck K so that it can move forward and backward, allowing for multi-stage and parallel storage. I'm dealing with it.

(Other Modifications) If the truck platform 3, platform floor 34, and the entire roof surface of the cargo truck D or container truck K are provided with the floor-cum-rail structure shown in FIGS. 3a and 3c, Even if the cargo carts D and container carts K shown in the first to sixth embodiments have different wheel widths, it is possible to effectively handle their multistage storage.

In addition, the cargo basket B of the cargo cart D and the container cart K
Loading and unloading of cargo to cargo basket B
The container 32 can be opened in advance to open on three sides or on one side, or can be taken in and out through an opening/closing door formed in advance at the rear of the container 32.

(Effects of the Invention) As described above, the present invention provides guide rails 4 on the truck loading platform 3 of a cargo truck, an upper floor 7 that partitions the cargo warehouse 1 into upper and lower sections, which is pivoted so as to be able to open upwards, and 3 and the upper floor 7 are provided with a guide rail 4 formed with unevenness, and a cargo trolley D is mounted on the guide rail 4 and can freely move forward and backward.
A caster wheel C is provided at the bottom of the platform 11, and the caster wheel C is attached to the mounting board 13 on the platform 11.
The wheel holder 14 is rotatably supported, the first wheel X and the second wheel Y are distributed to the front and rear of the wheel holder 14, and the guide rail is attached to the left and right sides of the first wheel X and the second wheel Y. Inclined wheel portion 17, 1 formed to roll on the convex rail 6 of No. 4.
9 and the guide rail 4 at the center of the first wheel X.
The upper floor 7 is placed on the upper end of the cargo basket B of the cargo cart D stored on the lower side. We have provided several types of storage devices, including a multi-stage storage device for bogies, which can be used in the cargo hold of cargo trucks and cargo planes, allowing for free turning on a trackless track outside the cargo hold, as well as the ability to move forward and backward on guide rails. Cargo carts and container carts that can be moved freely can be efficiently stored in multiple stages in the storage space with limited loading platform width and loading platform height in this type of cargo compartment, and can also move forward and backward on guide rails provided in the cargo compartment. Not only can cargo trucks and container trucks be loaded and unloaded into and out of this type of cargo hold with the same entrance and exit, but also cargo can be placed in the upper half of the cargo hold. It brings about various effects such as being able to load and unload carts and container carts in multiple stages.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a side view showing a state in which cargo carts are stored in parallel in multiple stages in the cargo compartment of a cargo truck, Fig. 2 is a rear view thereof, Figs. 3 a to c are views showing the cross-sectional structure of the guide rail, and Fig. 4 Figures a to d show the caster wheels attached to the cargo truck, Figures 5 a and b show the lifting device for the upper floor, and Figure 6 shows the floor rail formed at the upper end of the cargo truck. 7 is a diagram showing a state in which the upper floor is pivoted in a rearwardly tilted state, and FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a state in which container carts are stored in parallel in multiple stages in the cargo hold of a cargo airplane. Code list, D...Cargo truck, B...Cargo basket, C...
...caster wheel, X...first wheel, Y...second wheel, K...container truck, 1...cargo storage, 2...
Cargo compartment, 3... Truck loading platform, 4... Guide rail, 5... Concave rail, 6... Convex rail, 7... Upper floor, 8... Hinge, 9... Latching claw, 10... Latching Part, 11...Dolly loading platform, 12...Support frame, 13...
...Mounting board, 14...Wheel holder, 15...Opening/closing door, 16...Net, 17...Inclination wheel part, 18...
... Outer ring part, 19 ... Inclined ring part, 20 ... Annular recess, 21 ... Coupler, 22 ... Coupler, 23 ...
Platform, 24... Lift device, 25...
Wire rope, 26...pulley, 27... winding drum, 28... drive motor, 29... lift device,
30... Hinge, 31... Extension plate, 32... Container, 33... Cargo compartment, 34... Container loading platform, 3
5...Fixed bed, 36...Fixed bed.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. Guide rails 4 are laid on the truck loading platform 3 of a cargo truck, and the upper floor 7 that partitions the cargo storage 1 into upper and lower sections is pivoted so as to be able to open upwards, thereby guiding the truck to the truck loading platform 3 and the upper floor 7. A cargo truck D having a rail 4 formed with unevenness and riding on the guide rail 4 so as to be able to freely move forward and backward.
A caster wheel C is provided at the bottom of the cargo platform 11 of the cargo truck D, a wheel holder 14 is rotatably supported on a mounting board 13 for attaching the caster wheel C to the truck platform 11, and a wheel holder 14 is provided at the front and rear of the wheel holder 14. The distributed first wheel X and the second wheel Y, and the slope formed on the left and right sides of the first wheel X and the second wheel Y so that they are mounted on the convex rail 6 of the guide rail 4 and roll. It consists of ring parts 17, 19 and an outer ring part 18 formed at the center of the first wheel X so as to float and roll between the concave rails 5 of the guide rail 4, and stored in the lower part. A multi-stage storage device for carts, characterized in that an upper floor 7 is placed on the upper end of a cargo basket B of a cargo cart D. 2. A guide rail 4 is laid on the truck bed 3 of the cargo truck, and the upper floor 7 that partitions the cargo warehouse 1 into upper and lower parts is formed into a table that can be raised and lowered by a winch device or a lift device 29, and the truck bed 3 and the upper floor are A cargo trolley D having a guide rail 4 formed with unevenness on its 7 and mounted on the guide rail 4 so as to be able to freely move forward and backward.
A caster wheel C is provided at the bottom of the cargo platform 11 of the cargo truck D, a wheel holder 14 is rotatably supported on a mounting board 13 for attaching the caster wheel C to the truck platform 11, and a wheel holder 14 is provided at the front and rear of the wheel holder 14. The distributed first wheel X and the second wheel Y, and the slope formed on the left and right sides of the first wheel X and the second wheel Y so that they are mounted on the convex rail 6 of the guide rail 4 and roll. It consists of ring parts 17, 19 and an outer ring part 18 formed at the center of the first wheel X so as to float and roll between the concave rails 5 of the guide rail 4, and stored in the lower part. A multi-stage storage device for carts, characterized in that an upper floor 7 is placed on the upper end of a cargo basket B of a cargo cart D. 3. A guide rail 4 is laid on the truck platform 3 of the cargo truck, a cargo truck D is mounted on the guide rail 4 and can move forward and backward, and caster wheels C are provided on the bottom of the platform 11 of the cargo truck D. Mounting board 1 for mounting the caster wheel C on the trolley loading platform 11
3, a first wheel X and a second wheel Y distributed to the front and rear of the wheel holder 14, and the guides on both left and right sides of the first wheel X and second wheel Y. an inclined wheel portion 17 formed to roll on the convex rail 6 of the rail 4;
19, and an outer ring portion 18 formed at the center of the first wheel X so as to float and roll between the concave rails 5 of the guide rail 4, A multi-stage storage device for carts, characterized in that a guide rail 4 is formed at the upper end, and a cargo cart D on the upper side is mounted and supported on the guide rail 4 so as to be able to move forward and backward. 4. A guide rail 4 is laid on the truck loading platform 3 of the cargo truck, and the upper floor 7 that partitions the cargo storage 1 into upper and lower sections is pivoted in a backward-inclined state, and its rear end is supported so that it can be raised and lowered. A guide rail 4 is formed with unevenness on the upper floor 7, and a cargo truck D is mounted on the guide rail 4 and can move forward and backward,
Caster wheels C are attached to the bottom of the cargo platform 11 of the cargo truck D.
A wheel holder 14 is provided, in which the caster wheel C is rotatably supported on a mounting board 13 to the bogie loading platform 11, a first wheel X and a second wheel Y distributed to the front and rear of the wheel holder 14, and a first wheel On the left and right sides of the first wheel , and an outer ring portion 18 formed to float and roll between the concave rails 5 of the guide rail 4, and at the upper end of the cargo basket B of the cargo cart D stored on the lower side.
A multi-stage storage device for carts, characterized in that an upper floor 7 is placed thereon. 5 Move the guide rail 4 to the truck loading platform 3 or the upper floor 7.
Claims 1, 2, and 3 constitute a floor-cum-rail structure in which concave rails 5 and convex rails 6 are alternately formed on the entire surface of the cargo basket B or on the ceiling of the cargo basket B.
4. Multi-stage storage device for trolleys according to item 1 or 4. 6 Load the cargo cart D onto the guide rail 4 of the upper floor 7 of the upper floor 7, load the cargo cart D onto the guide rail 4 of the truck loading platform 3, and then load the cargo cart D onto the upper end of the cargo basket B of the cargo cart D on the lower side of the upper floor 7. A multi-stage storage device for carts as set forth in claim 2 or 4, on which is placed a. 7 Fixed floors 35, 36 of the cargo hold 33 of a cargo plane
A floor guide rail 4 formed by alternately forming concave rails 5 and convex rails 6 is provided on the ceiling of the container truck K, and the container truck K is mounted on and supported by the guide rail 4 and can freely move forward and backward. A caster wheel C is provided at the bottom of the loading platform 34 of the container truck K, and the caster wheel C is connected to the container loading platform 34.
A wheel holder 14 rotatably supported on a mounting board 13, a first wheel X and a second wheel Y distributed before and after the wheel holder 14, and left and right sides of the first wheel X and second wheel Y. , inclined wheel parts 17 and 19 formed to roll on the convex rail 6 of the guide rail 4, and a central part of the first wheel X,
The outer ring part 18 is formed to float and roll between the concave rails 5 of the guide rail 4, and the container carriage K on the upper side is attached to the ceiling of the container 32 of the container carriage K stored on the lower side. A multi-stage storage device for trolleys, characterized in that K is stored so that it can move forward and backward. 8 A patent for forming a caster wheel C in which an annular recess 20 is provided in the center of the second wheel Y corresponding to the outer ring part 18 of the first wheel X, and the outer ring part 18 of the first wheel X is loosely fitted and supported in the annular recess 20. Claim 1,
The multi-stage storage device for carts according to item 2, 3, 4, or 7.